assume
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B1 verb /əˈsuːm/

assume

仮定する
Meaning
to think that something is true without proof
Example
I assume he will be late to the meeting.
私は彼が会議に遅れると仮定しています。
B2 adjective /ˌkɒst.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

cost-efficient

コスト効率的
Meaning
Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Example
Cost-efficient solutions benefit industries.
コスト効率的な解決策は産業に利益をもたらす。
B2 adjective /ˈlɛŋθi/

lengthy

長い
Meaning
long in duration or extent
Example
The meeting was lengthy, lasting over three hours.
会議は長く、3時間以上続きました。
C2 verb /sweɪð/

swathe

Meaning
To wrap or cover closely or completely.
Example
She swathed the baby in a soft blanket.
C1 adjective /əˈrɛstɪŋ/

arresting

魅力的な
Meaning
Attracting attention in a striking or impressive way.
Example
The actress gave an arresting performance.
女優は魅力的な演技をしました。
B2 noun /ˈʃɔːrt.kʌm.ɪŋ/

Shortcoming

欠点; 不足; 短所
Meaning
a fault or failure to meet a certain standard; a deficiency
Example
Despite his many talents, he has some shortcomings.
彼の多くの才能にもかかわらず、いくつかの欠点があります。
B2 noun /ˈleɪaʊt/

layout

レイアウト
Meaning
the arrangement or design of something, especially the arrangement of elements in a book, webpage, or room
Example
The designer presented a new layout for the website that was much more user-friendly.
デザイナーはウェブサイトのために新しいレイアウトを提示しました、それはもっとユーザーフレンドリーでした。
A1 noun /ˈdɒlər/

dollar

ドル
Meaning
The basic monetary unit of the United States and some other countries
Example
I need five dollars to buy this book.
この本を買うには5ドル必要です。
B2 adverb /ɪˈməʊʃənəli/

emotionally

感情的に
Meaning
in a way that relates to a person's feelings or emotions
Example
She became emotionally attached to her pet.
彼女はペットに感情的に結びついていた。
B2 noun/verb /dɪˈspjuːt/

dispute

争い, 論争
Meaning
a disagreement or argument about something important
Example
The two countries are in dispute over the border issue.
二国間で国境問題について争いが続いています。
A1 pronoun /huː/

who

誰
Meaning
used to ask about a person or people
Example
Who is coming to the party tonight?
今晩パーティーに誰が来ますか？
B2 noun /əˈriːnə/

arena

アリーナ, 会場
Meaning
a large area surrounded by seats for sports, entertainment, or other events
Example
The basketball game will be held in the new arena downtown.
バスケットボールの試合は市内中心部の新しいアリーナで行われます。
B2 verb əˈlaɪn.ɪŋ

aligning

整列する
Meaning
Placing or arranging things in a straight line or in correct relative positions.
Example
Aligning education with global standards is vital.
教育を世界標準に整列させることは重要です。
C2 noun /ˈæntɪfɒn/

antiphon

アンティフォン
Meaning
a short chant or verse sung responsively in Christian worship, typically sung before or after a psalm or canticle
Example
The choir sang the antiphon before beginning the main hymn.
合唱団は主の賛歌を始める前にアンティフォンを歌いました。
B1 noun /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/

lightning

雷光
Meaning
a flash of light in the sky caused by electricity during a storm
Example
The lightning struck a tree near our house.
雷光が私たちの家の近くの木に当たった。
C1 noun, verb /əˈsɛnt/

assent

同意
Meaning
To agree to something, especially after careful consideration; an expression of approval.
Example
She nodded her head in silent assent.
彼女は静かにうなずいた。
B2 verb /ˈflætər/

flatter

過度または不誠実にお世辞を言って、恩恵を得る
Meaning
to praise excessively or insincerely to gain favor
Example
He tried to flatter his boss to get a promotion.
彼は昇進を得るために上司をお世辞で持ち上げようとした。
B1 noun /ˈrɛzɪdəns/

residence

レジデンス
Meaning
a place where someone lives; a home or dwelling
Example
He recently moved to a new residence near the city center.
彼は最近、市内中心部近くの新しいレジデンスに引っ越しました。
B2 noun bækˈtɪə.ri.ə

bacteria

バクテリア
Meaning
A member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms which have cell walls but lack organelles and an organized nucleus.
Example
Specialized bacteria aid in waste decomposition.
専門的なバクテリアは廃棄物の分解を助けます。
B2 noun /ˈwʊd.pek.ər/

Woodpecker

キツツキ
Meaning
a bird that pecks at tree bark to find insects and create nesting holes
Example
The woodpecker hammered against the oak tree.
キツツキはオークの木を叩いた。
A2 verb /swɪm/

swim

泳ぐ
Meaning
to move through water using body movements
Example
I love to swim in the ocean during summer.
私は夏に海で泳ぐのが好きです。
B1 adjective /ˈæk.jə.rət/

Accurate

正確; 正しい;
Meaning
correct, exact, and without any mistakes
Example
The weather forecast was completely accurate.
天気予報は完全に正確でした。
B2 noun ˈfreɪm.wɜːks

frameworks

枠組み
Meaning
A basic structure underlying a system, concept, or text; an essential supporting structure.
Example
Frameworks define the basis of systems.
枠組みはシステムの基盤を定義します。
C1 noun /tiˈɑː.rə/

Tiara

ティアラ
Meaning
a jeweled ornamental crown worn on formal occasions
Example
The princess wore a sparkling diamond tiara at the royal ball.
王女は王宮の舞踏会で輝くダイヤモンドのティアラを身に着けていた。
A2 adverb/adjective/verb /ˈfɜːrðər/

further

進める
Meaning
At a greater distance; to advance or promote something.
Example
She studied hard to further her career.
彼女はキャリアを進めるために一生懸命勉強した。
A2 noun /ˈæk.tər/

Actor

俳優
Meaning
a person whose profession is acting on the stage, in movies, or on television
Example
The famous actor won an award for his performance in the new movie.
その有名なアクターは、新しい映画での演技で賞を受賞しました。
B2 noun ˈikoʊ ˈfrɛndli tɛkˈnɑləʤiz

eco-friendly technologies

エコフレンドリー技術
Meaning
Technologies that are designed to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainability.
Example
Eco-friendly technologies can mitigate pollution.
エコフレンドリー技術は汚染を軽減することができます。
B2 adjective /ˈpɔɪn.tɪd/

Pointed

鋭い; 直接的で明確な
Meaning
having a sharp end; direct and unambiguous
Example
She made a pointed remark about his behavior.
彼女は彼の行動について鋭いコメントをしました。
C2 verb /dɪsˈɡɔːrdʒ/

disgorge

嘔吐, 排出
Meaning
to discharge or pour out; to vomit; to give up reluctantly
Example
The broken pipe disgorged water all over the floor.
壊れたパイプが床全体に水を吐き出しました。
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

破産
Meaning
unable to pay debts owed
Example
The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.
破産した企業は財務義務を果たせなかった。
C2 noun /ˈækəlaɪt/

acolyte

Meaning
a follower or assistant, especially in a religious service or as a devoted supporter of a leader
Example
The senator arrived with a small group of acolytes who handled the press.
B2 noun ˈmoʊ.baɪl sɪˈkjʊr.ə.ti

mobile security

モバイルセキュリティ
Meaning
Protection of mobile devices and the data stored on them from security threats.
Example
Strong mobile security protects personal information.
強力なモバイルセキュリティは個人情報を保護します。
C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

亀裂
Meaning
a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall
Example
The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.
トカゲは石の間の亀裂に隠れていた。
C1 adjective /ˈwoʊ.fəl/

woeful

悲惨な
Meaning
full of woe; very sad or miserable; also used to mean very bad or deplorable
Example
He gave me a woeful look when he lost the match.
彼は試合に負けたとき、悲惨な顔をして僕を見た。
C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

相互運用性
Meaning
The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.
Example
The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.
異なるソフトウェアシステムの相互運用性は、シームレスな作業の流れを確保します。
B1 noun /ˈfaɪər.mən/

Fireman

消防士
Meaning
a person whose job is to extinguish fires and rescue people
Example
The brave fireman rescued the family from the burning building.
勇敢な消防士は燃えている建物から家族を救いました。
C2 noun /ˈbreɪziər/

Brazier

真鍮職人
Meaning
a worker in brass; a portable container for burning charcoal or coal
Example
The brazier crafted beautiful brass ornaments.
その真鍮職人は美しい真鍮の装飾品を作りました。
B2 adjective /ˈskeptɪkəl/

Sceptical

懐疑的な; 疑わしい; 何かの真実に疑問を抱く
Meaning
having doubts; not easily convinced; questioning the truth of something
Example
Many scientists remain sceptical about the new theory.
多くの科学者が新しい理論に対して懐疑的な立場を取っている。
C1 verb /ˈræʃənaɪz/

rationlize

合理化する
Meaning
to justify or explain something with logical reasons, even if not appropriate or true
Example
He tried to rationlize his mistake by blaming the system.
彼はシステムを責めて自分のミスを合理化しようとした。
C1 noun /prəˈpɛlənt/

propellant

推進剤
Meaning
A substance that drives or pushes something forward, especially fuel in rockets or engines.
Example
The rocket uses a liquid propellant to launch into space.
ロケットは液体推進剤を使用して宇宙に打ち上げられます。
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

読めない
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
医者の手書きはほとんど読めなかった。
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

再発
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
医師は患者の症状の再発について懸念していました。
B2 noun /suː.pɪər.iˈɔːr.ə.ti/

Superiority

優越性
Meaning
the quality or state of being superior; higher rank or quality
Example
His superiority in mathematics was evident from his test scores.
数学における彼の優越性は、彼のテストのスコアから明らかだった。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəkˈnɒlɪdʒd/

unacknowledged

認められない
Meaning
Not recognized, admitted, or accepted; ignored or unnoticed
Example
Her contributions to the project went unacknowledged.
彼女のプロジェクトへの貢献は認められなかった。
C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkətɔːri/

vindicatory

弁護的な
Meaning
Serving to justify, clear of blame, or defend.
Example
His vindicatory remarks restored his reputation.
彼の弁護的な発言は彼の評判を回復させた。
B1 noun /ˈdʒɪn.dʒər/

Ginger

生姜
Meaning
a hot fragrant spice made from the rhizome of a plant; the plant itself
Example
The chef added fresh ginger to the stir-fry to enhance its flavor and aroma.
シェフは炒め物に新鮮な生姜を加えて、風味と香りを高めました。
A1 noun /bed/

Bed

ベッド
Meaning
a piece of furniture for sleep or rest, typically a framework with a mattress
Example
She made her bed every morning before going to work.
彼女は毎朝仕事に行く前にベッドを整えます。
B2 noun /ˈaɪ.saɪt/

Eyesight

視力
Meaning
the ability to see; vision
Example
Regular eye checkups are important for maintaining good eyesight.
定期的な目の検査は良い視力を維持するために重要です。
C2 noun /ɪmˈprɑːvɪdəns/

improvidence

不注意
Meaning
Lack of foresight or care for future needs.
Example
His improvidence led to financial difficulties.
彼の不注意が彼を財政的な困難に追い込んだ。
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈduː/

overdo

やりすぎる
Meaning
to do something too much; to exaggerate or carry to excess
Example
Don't overdo the exercise on your first day at the gym.
初日はジムで運動をやりすぎないでください。
C2 noun ˈtɛlɪˌmɛtri

telemetry

テレメトリー
Meaning
The process of recording and transmitting the readings of an instrument.
Example
The spacecraft transmitted telemetry data back to Earth.
宇宙船はテレメトリーデータを地球に送信しました。
C2 verb /ˈhɑːrpɪŋ/

harping

繰り返し不満を言う
Meaning
continuously talking or complaining about something in a tiresome way
Example
She kept harping on about the mistakes I made.
彼女は私が犯した間違いについて繰り返し不満を言っていました。
C2 noun /ˈmiːliərɪzəm/

meliorism

改良主義
Meaning
The belief that the world tends to improve and that humans can aid its betterment.
Example
Her philosophy of meliorism kept her hopeful during difficult times.
彼女の改良主義的な哲学は、困難な時期に彼女を希望に満ちた状態に保ちました。
B1 verb /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

determine

決定する
Meaning
to decide; to find out exactly
Example
We must determine the cause of the problem.
私たちは問題の原因を特定する必要があります。
C1 verb /ˈpoʊ.lə.raɪz/

polarize

極化する
Meaning
to divide or cause to divide into two sharply contrasting groups or sets of opinions or beliefs
Example
The controversial decision polarized public opinion.
論争を呼んだ決定は世論を二つの対立する意見に分けた。
B1 noun /træp/

Trap

罠
Meaning
a device or enclosure designed to catch and retain animals, or a situation from which it is difficult to escape
Example
The mouse was caught in the trap overnight.
ネズミは一晩中トラップにかかっていました。
C1 adjective /ˌʌnfɔːrθˈkʌmɪŋ/

unforthcoming

協力的でない
Meaning
Not willing to talk or provide information; uncooperative.
Example
The witness was unforthcoming about what he had seen.
証人は見たことについて協力的でなかった。
A2 noun tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

technology

技術
Meaning
The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes
Example
Advanced technology reshapes industries.
先進的な技術が産業を再構築しています。
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛksərəbl/

inexorable

避けられない
Meaning
Impossible to stop or prevent; relentless.
Example
The inexorable rise of technology is changing every aspect of life.
テクノロジーの避けられない上昇は、生活のすべての側面を変えています。
B1 noun /ˈsæm.ən/

salmon

サーモン
Meaning
A large fish with pink flesh, often eaten as food.
Example
They served grilled salmon for dinner.
彼らは夕食にグリルしたサーモンを出しました。
C1 noun /ˈnʌt.meg/

Nut meg

ナツメグ
Meaning
a spice made from the seed of the fruit of an evergreen tree, used in cooking and baking
Example
The recipe called for a teaspoon of ground nutmeg to flavor the custard.
レシピにはカスタードに風味を加えるために、小さじ1杯のナツメグが必要でした。
C2 verb /əˈnɔɪnt/

anoint

油を塗る, 祝福する
Meaning
To smear or rub with oil, often as part of a religious ceremony or as a sign of consecration.
Example
The priest anointed the king with holy oil.
神父は聖油で王を塗りました。
A1 pronoun /hɜːrz/

hers

彼女の（女性の）物
Meaning
used to refer to something that belongs to or is associated with a female person previously mentioned or easily identified.
Example
That blue bag is hers.
その青いバッグは彼女のものです。
B1 noun /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/

encouragement

励まし
Meaning
the action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope
Example
Her encouragement helped me finish the project.
彼女の励ましが私をプロジェクト完了に導きました。
C1 adjective /ˈlaɪf.laɪk/

lifelike

リアルに似ている
Meaning
Very similar to a real person, object, or scene; realistic.
Example
The wax figure was so lifelike that people thought it was a real person.
その蝋人形は非常にリアルに似ていて、人々はそれが本物の人物だと思った。
B2 noun /əkˈsɛsəri/

accessory

アクセサリー; 犯罪に加担する人物
Meaning
a thing which can be added to something else to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive; a person who assists in committing a crime
Example
She bought some stylish accessories for her new phone.
彼女は新しい電話のためにいくつかのスタイリッシュなアクセサリーを買いました。
C1 noun /ˈrɒstrəm/

rostrum

演壇
Meaning
A raised platform for speakers, performers, or leaders.
Example
The politician delivered a speech from the rostrum.
政治家は演壇から演説を行いました。
B2 noun /ɪˈlɛktrɪk drɪl/

Electric drill

電動ドリル
Meaning
A power tool used for drilling holes in various materials
Example
He used an electric drill to make holes in the wall for hanging pictures.
彼は壁に絵を掛けるために電動ドリルを使って穴を開けました。
B2 verb /pəˈzɛs/

possess

持つ / 所有する
Meaning
To have or own something; to hold a quality or characteristic.
Example
She possesses great talent in music.
彼女は音楽において素晴らしい才能を持っています。
C2 noun /ˌfɑːrməkəˈpiːə/

pharmacopoeia

薬典
Meaning
An official book listing medicinal drugs, their effects, and directions for use.
Example
The doctor referred to the pharmacopoeia to check the drug's proper dosage.
医師は薬典を参照して、薬の適切な用量を確認しました。
B1 verb /əˈrɛst/

arrest

逮捕する
Meaning
to catch and hold by legal authority; to stop suddenly
Example
The police will arrest the suspect tomorrow.
警察は明日容疑者を逮捕する予定です。
B2 noun noʊˈbel praɪz

Nobel Prize

ノーベル賞
Meaning
Any of six international prizes awarded annually for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, economics, and the promotion of peace.
Example
Nobel Prize recognition evaded Bose's contributions.
Nobel Prize recognition did not apply to Bose's contributions.
B1 noun /ˈbraɪd.ɡrʊm/

Bridegroom

新郎
Meaning
a man on his wedding day or just before and after the event
Example
The nervous bridegroom waited at the altar for his bride to arrive.
緊張した新郎は祭壇で花嫁の到着を待っていた。
B1 noun sɪvɪˈlɪzeɪʃənz

civilizations

文明
Meaning
The stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced.
Example
Ancient civilizations developed complex systems of governance.
古代の文明は複雑な統治システムを発展させました。
B2 adjective /dɪˈsɛptɪv/

deceptive

騙すような
Meaning
Giving an appearance or impression different from the truth; misleading.
Example
Appearances can be deceptive.
外見は騙すようなものかもしれません。
C1 noun /ˈmaʊθ.fʊl/

mouthful

一口
Meaning
the amount of food or drink that fills the mouth, or a long and difficult word or phrase
Example
He took a big mouthful of water after the run.
彼はランニングの後で大きな一口水を飲んだ。
A1 adjective (superlative) /ˈɡreɪ.tɪst/

greatest

最も偉大
Meaning
The highest degree of greatness; the most outstanding or important.
Example
He is considered one of the greatest leaders of all time.
彼は全時代で最も偉大なリーダーの一人と考えられています。
C1 verb bɪˈkwiːð

bequeath

遺贈する
Meaning
Leave something to someone in a will; pass down or hand down to the next generation.
Example
The scientist bequeathed his research papers to the university.
科学者は彼の研究論文を大学に遺贈した。
B2 noun /ˈmʌs.tərd/

Mustard

マスタード
Meaning
A pungent seed or condiment made from ground mustard seeds
Example
She added mustard seeds to the curry for extra flavor.
カレーに風味を加えるためにマスタードの種を加えました。
B2 adjective /ˈbleɪzɪŋ/

Blazing

燃えるような; 激しい
Meaning
burning fiercely; extremely hot; very bright
Example
The blazing sun made the day extremely hot.
燃えるような太陽はその日を非常に暑くした。
A1 noun /sʌn/

Sun

太陽
Meaning
the star around which the earth orbits; the source of light and heat for planets
Example
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太陽は東から昇り、西へ沈みます。
C1 noun ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən

degradation

劣化
Meaning
The condition or process of degrading or being degraded.
Example
Soil degradation due to overuse is a growing issue.
過剰な使用による土壌の劣化は、増大する問題です。
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

圧縮
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
ファイル圧縮はストレージ要件を削減するのに役立ちます。
A1 adjective/adverb /ˈoʊnli/

only

唯一
Meaning
without others; solely
Example
He is the only person who knows the secret.
彼はその秘密を知っている唯一の人です。
A2 verb /hiːt/

heat

加熱する
Meaning
to make or become hot or warm
Example
Please heat the soup before serving.
スープを提供する前に加熱してください。
C1 verb /blɜːrt/

blurt

うっかり言う
Meaning
to say something suddenly without thinking
Example
He blurts out the secret accidentally.
彼はうっかり秘密を言ってしまう。
C2 verb /ˈmæk.jʊˌleɪt/

maculate

汚す
Meaning
To stain, spot, or pollute something.
Example
The white cloth was maculated by ink stains.
白い布はインクのシミで汚れました。
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

physiological

身体の機能と活動に関連する
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
運動は身体の生理的機能を改善します。
B2 verb /ræm/

ram

Meaning
to strike or push something with great force
Example
The truck rammed into the wall.
C1 verb /ˈlɔːndər/

launder

洗濯する / 不法に得たお金の出所を隠す
Meaning
to wash clothes, linens, etc.; or to conceal the origins of money obtained illegally
Example
She laundered all the dirty clothes on Sunday.
彼女は日曜日にすべての汚れた衣服を洗いました。
A2 adjective /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/

Perfect

完璧な; 欠点のない; 優れた
Meaning
flawless; excellent; without fault
Example
She delivered a perfect performance on stage.
彼女は完璧なパフォーマンスを披露しました。
B1 noun kəˈpæs.ə.ti

capacity

容量
Meaning
The maximum amount that something can contain or produce; the ability or power to do or understand something.
Example
The cable has the capacity to handle vast data traffic.
ケーブルは大量のデータトラフィックを処理する能力を持っています。
B1 adjective /ˈmʌl.tɪ.pl̩/

Multiple

複数の; 多様な; 異なる
Meaning
having many parts, elements, or members; numerous
Example
She suffered multiple injuries in the accident.
彼女は事故で複数の怪我をしました。
C2 noun /ˈtɪŋktʃər/

tincture

わずかな痕跡、薬をアルコールに溶かして作られた薬
Meaning
a slight trace of something; a medicine made by dissolving a drug in alcohol
Example
There was a tincture of sadness in her smile.
彼女の笑顔にはわずかな悲しみの痕跡があった。
B2 adjective /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.ləs/

Meaningless

無意味; 目的がない; 意味がない
Meaning
without purpose; having no significance; pointless
Example
The data became meaningless without proper context.
データは適切なコンテキストがなければ意味がありません。
C1 noun /ˈtem.pɚ.əns/

temperance

節制
Meaning
Moderation in action, thought, or feeling; restraint.
Example
Temperance is essential for a balanced life.
節制はバランスの取れた生活には欠かせません。
C2 noun /ˈnaɪəlɪst/

nihilist

ニヒリスト
Meaning
A person who rejects all religious and moral principles, often believing that life is meaningless.
Example
He was called a nihilist for rejecting all social norms.
彼はすべての社会的規範を拒否したため、ニヒリストと呼ばれました。
C2 noun /ˈwɒrən/

warren

ウサギの巣穴のネットワーク
Meaning
A network of interconnected rabbit burrows; also used metaphorically for a densely populated building or district.
Example
The old part of the city is a warren of narrow streets.
街の古い部分は、狭い通りが入り組んだ迷路のようです。
A2 noun /ˈbʊkʃɒp/

bookshop

書店
Meaning
a retail store where books are sold
Example
She spent an hour browsing in the small bookshop.
彼女は小さな書店で一時間過ごした。
A2 noun /ˈfiːvər/

fever

熱
Meaning
a medical condition in which the body temperature is higher than normal
Example
He couldn’t go to work because he had a high fever.
高熱のため、彼は仕事に行けませんでした。
C1 noun /buːn/

boon

恩恵
Meaning
A thing that is helpful or beneficial.
Example
The internet is a boon to modern education.
インターネットは現代教育にとって恩恵です。
C1 noun/verb /smʌdʒ/

smudge

汚れ, スマッジ
Meaning
a dirty mark or smear; to make something dirty or unclear by rubbing or touching
Example
She accidentally smudged her lipstick on the napkin.
彼女はうっかりナプキンにリップスティックをつけてしまった。
C2 noun /ˈdɔɪən/

doyen

尊敬される人物
Meaning
The most respected or prominent person in a particular field.
Example
He is regarded as the doyen of modern literature in the country.
彼はその国の現代文学のドイエンと見なされています。
C2 noun /ˈmæntl̩/

mantel

暖炉の上の棚
Meaning
A shelf above a fireplace, often used for decoration.
Example
She placed family photos on the mantel above the fireplace.
彼女は家族の写真を暖炉の上の棚に置きました。
A2 noun /ˈdɑrk.nəs/

Darkness

暗闇; 無知;
Meaning
the partial or total absence of light; wickedness or evil; ignorance or lack of knowledge
Example
The power outage plunged the entire city into darkness.
停電で町全体が暗闇に包まれた。
C1 noun ˈɛksəʊˌplænɪt

exoplanet

太陽系外の星の周りを回る惑星
Meaning
A planet that orbits a star outside the solar system.
Example
Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets in the last decade.
天文学者たちは、過去10年間で何千ものエクソプラネットを発見しました。
A1 noun /ˈwɛnzdeɪ/

wednesday

水曜日
Meaning
the fourth day of the week, following Tuesday and preceding Thursday
Example
The meeting has been scheduled for Wednesday afternoon.
会議は水曜日の午後に予定されています。
C1 adjective /ˈænsɪləri/

ancillary

補助的な
Meaning
providing necessary support to the main system or organization
Example
The company provides ancillary services to the healthcare industry.
その会社は医療業界に補助的なサービスを提供しています。
B2 adjective strəˈtiː.dʒɪk

strategic

戦略的
Meaning
Relating to the identification of long-term or overall aims and interests and the means of achieving them.
Example
Strategic policies enhance competitiveness.
戦略的な政策は競争力を高めます。
B2 adjective /əˈfen.sɪv/

Offensive

攻撃的な; 侮辱的な; 攻撃的
Meaning
causing displeasure or resentment; insulting; aggressive
Example
His offensive remarks hurt everyone's feelings.
彼の攻撃的な発言は、全員の気持ちを傷つけました。
B1 verb /ɪnˈstɔːl/

install

インストールする
Meaning
To place or fix equipment or software so it is ready for use.
Example
He installed the new software on his computer.
彼はコンピュータに新しいソフトウェアをインストールしました。
A1 conjunction /ɔːr/

or

または
Meaning
used to link alternatives
Example
You can have tea or coffee.
お茶かコーヒーをお選びいただけます。
C2 noun /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒɪst/

genealogist

系譜学者
Meaning
A person who studies or traces the history of families and their lineages.
Example
The genealogist uncovered records dating back to the 18th century.
系譜学者は18世紀に遡る記録を発見した。
C2 noun /ɪˈnænɪti/

inanity

馬鹿げたこと, 空虚
Meaning
a nonsensical remark or action; silliness; emptiness
Example
The speech was full of inanities that bored the audience.
スピーチは聴衆を退屈させる馬鹿げたことだらけだった。
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/

integument

外皮
Meaning
A natural outer covering, such as skin, shell, or rind.
Example
The snake sheds its integument as it grows.
ヘビは成長するにつれて外皮を脱ぎます。
B2 adjective /ˈtɔː.kə.tɪv/

Talkative

おしゃべり
Meaning
fond of talking; speaking freely and at length
Example
My talkative neighbor loves to chat about everything.
私のおしゃべりな隣人は、何でも話すのが大好きです。
B1 noun /dɪˈskʌvəri/

discovery

発見
Meaning
The act of finding or learning something for the first time.
Example
The discovery of penicillin changed medical history.
ペニシリンの発見は医学の歴史を変えた。
B1 noun /dɪˈfens/

Defence

防御; 保護
Meaning
the action of defending from or resisting attack; protection or support
Example
The country strengthened its defence system against potential threats.
その国は潜在的な脅威に対抗するため、防御システムを強化しました。
C1 noun /ˈpɑːr.keɪ/

parquet

木製の床
Meaning
A floor made of wooden blocks arranged in a geometric pattern.
Example
The old mansion had a beautiful parquet floor.
その古い邸宅には美しい木製の床がありました。
C2 noun /rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/

recrimination

相互非難
Meaning
an accusation made in response to an accusation; mutual blaming
Example
The debate quickly descended into mutual recriminations.
討論はすぐに相互非難に陥った。
B2 adverb /ˈmiːn.taɪm/

Meantime

その間に
Meaning
during the time between two events; in the period of time between now and when something else happens
Example
The food will be ready in an hour; in the meantime, we can watch TV.
食べ物は1時間後に準備が整います。その間にテレビを見ていましょう。