C2 noun /əˈsper.ɪ.ti/

asperity

Meaning

Harshness of tone, manner, or surface.

Example

She spoke with asperity when she was interrupted.

B1 adverb /ˈkɑːm.li/

Calmly

落ち着いて

Meaning

in a peaceful way without showing strong emotions; quietly and without excitement

Example

She spoke calmly despite being angry.

彼女は怒っているにもかかわらず落ち着いて話しました。

B2 noun /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/

serving

ポーション

Meaning

a portion of food for one person; the act of giving food or drink to someone

Example

He ate a large serving of rice and curry.

彼は大きなポーションのご飯とカレーを食べました。

C2 noun /ˈsɪbɪləns/

sibilance

シューシュー音

Meaning

A hissing or hushing sound, especially in speech with 's' or 'sh'.

Example

The poet used sibilance to create a soft, hissing effect in the verse.

詩人は詩の中で柔らかいシューシュー音を作り出すためにシビランスを使いました。

C1 verb /dɪˈbeɪs/

debase

低下させる

Meaning

to reduce the quality, value, or dignity of something

Example

Corruption can debase the values of a society.

腐敗は社会の価値観を低下させる可能性があります。

A2 noun /drʌm/

Drum

ドラム

Meaning

a percussion instrument typically made of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched over one or both ends

Example

The drummer kept perfect time on his drum kit.

ドラマーは自分のドラムキットで完璧なリズムを刻んだ。

B2 adjective /ɪkˈsploʊsɪv/

explosive

爆発的

Meaning

able to cause an explosion; likely to burst out suddenly

Example

The situation became explosive after the argument.

議論の後、状況は爆発的になった。

C1 verb /ɡʌʃ/

gush

流れる

Meaning

to flow out suddenly and forcefully, or to express something enthusiastically

Example

Tears began to gush from her eyes.

涙が彼女の目からガシュと流れ出した。

C2 adjective /ˌɪntərˈlɒkjətəri/

interlocutory

仮の

Meaning

Given during the course of a legal action, not final but temporary or provisional.

Example

The judge issued an interlocutory order to maintain the status quo until the hearing.

裁判官は聴聞会まで現状を維持するために仮の命令を出しました。

C2 adjective /ˈnjuː.ɡə.tɔːr.i/

nugatory

無価値

Meaning

Of little or no value; worthless or insignificant.

Example

His efforts were nugatory and did not change the outcome.

彼の努力は無価値で、結果を変えることはなかった。

B1 verb /ʃaʊt/

shout

叫ぶ

Meaning

to say something very loudly

Example

He shouted at the top of his lungs to get their attention.

彼は彼らの注意を引くために全力で叫んだ。

C1 adjective /ˈpleɪntɪv/

plaintive

悲しげな, 哀れな

Meaning

expressing sadness or sorrow

Example

He raised a plaintive cry for help.

彼は助けを求めて哀願するような叫びを上げた。

B2 noun ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃən

exploitation

搾取

Meaning

The action of making use of and benefiting from resources, often in an unfair or selfish way.

Example

Exploitation of marine resources has led to significant damage.

海洋資源の搾取は重大な損害を引き起こしました。

C1 adjective /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

theological

神学的

Meaning

Relating to the study of theology or religious belief.

Example

He wrote a theological paper on the concept of divine justice.

彼は神の正義の概念についての神学的な論文を書いた。

C1 adjective /ˈveɪɡrənt/

Vagrant

放浪者; ホームレス

Meaning

wandering aimlessly; having no settled home

Example

The vagrant man was asking for food near the station.

その放浪者は駅の近くで食べ物を求めていました。

A1 noun /'æn.ɪ.məl/

Animal

動物

Meaning

a living creature that feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli

Example

The zoo has many different animals from around the world.

動物園には世界中から来たさまざまな動物がいます。

B1 adjective /blæŋk/

blank

空白

Meaning

showing no expression or containing nothing written, printed, or recorded.

Example

Her face went blank when she heard the bad news.

悪いニュースを聞いたとき、彼女の顔は空白になった。

C1 adjective /ˈkjuːmjələtɪv/

cumulative

累積的な

Meaning

Increasing gradually by addition; growing in quantity, force, or effect.

Example

The cumulative effect of stress can harm your health.

ストレスの累積的な影響は健康に害を与える可能性があります。

A2 noun /ɡoʊst/

Ghost

ゴースト

Meaning

an apparition of a dead person believed to be able to become visible to the living; a spirit

Example

The old mansion was rumored to be haunted by the ghost of its former owner.

その古い館は、前の所有者のゴーストによって幽霊が出ると噂されていました。

C2 adjective /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

immemorial

不朽の

Meaning

Extending back beyond memory or record; ancient.

Example

The tradition has been followed since time immemorial.

その伝統は不朽の時代から受け継がれてきた。

A2 noun /ˈer.ər/

Error

エラー; 間違い

Meaning

a mistake; something done incorrectly or wrong

Example

The error in the calculation led to incorrect results.

計算のエラーにより、不正確な結果が出ました。

B2 noun /ˈpɑːrtɪkəl/

particle

粒子

Meaning

a very small piece or amount of something

Example

Dust particles floated in the air near the window.

窓の近くの空気中にほこりの粒子が浮かんでいました。

C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

嘲笑する

Meaning

to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way

Example

He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.

彼は海外に引っ越すというアイデアを嘲笑しました。

B2 noun /əˈmɛnəti/

amenity

アメニティ

Meaning

a useful or pleasant facility or feature of a place

Example

The apartment has every amenity needed for comfortable living.

アパートには快適な生活のために必要なすべてのアメニティがあります。

C2 noun /ɪnˈɡrætɪˌtjuːd/

ingratitude

恩知らず

Meaning

Lack of gratitude; failure to show thanks or appreciation.

Example

His ingratitude hurt her feelings after all she had done for him.

彼の恩知らずは、彼女が彼のために多くのことをした後、彼女の気持ちを傷つけた。

C1 noun /ˈpeɪθɒs/

pathos

パトス

Meaning

a quality in speech, writing, or events that evokes pity or deep emotion

Example

The documentary balanced pathos with hope, making the audience both weep and think.

ドキュメンタリーは、パトスと希望をうまくバランスさせ、観客を泣かせ、考えさせました。

B1 noun /ˈbæɹɪəz/

barriers

障壁

Meaning

Something that prevents progress or access; obstacles or hindrances.

Example

Language barriers can make communication difficult.

言語の壁がコミュニケーションを困難にすることがあります。

B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

知識人

Meaning

People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.

Example

Intellectuals protested against the dominance.

知識人は支配に反対した。

B1 noun /θiːm/

theme

テーマ

Meaning

A subject or topic of discourse or artistic representation.

Example

The theme highlighted resilience and sustainability.

テーマはレジリエンスと持続可能性を強調しました。

B2 adjective /prɛsˈtɪdʒəs/

prestigious

名誉ある

Meaning

having a high reputation; respected

Example

Harvard University is one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

ハーバード大学は世界で最も名誉ある大学の一つです。

B2 adjective /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiənt/

Disobedient

不従順な

Meaning

refusing to obey rules or authority; rebellious

Example

The disobedient child refused to follow the rules.

その不従順な子供はルールに従うことを拒否しました。

C2 adjective /ˌkrɪp.təˈɡræf.ɪk/

cryptographic

暗号学的

Meaning

Relating to cryptography; involving or using secret codes or ciphers for security.

Example

Banks use cryptographic technology to protect transactions.

銀行は取引を保護するために暗号技術を使用します。

B1 noun /ˈeɪ.dʒən.si/

Agency

エージェンシー; 代理店のオフィス

Meaning

a business or organization that provides a particular service

Example

She works for a travel agency downtown.

彼女はダウンタウンの旅行代理店で働いています。

C2 noun/adjective /ælˈbaɪ.noʊ/

albino

アルビノ (色素が欠けている人/動物)

Meaning

A person, animal, or plant lacking normal pigmentation, resulting in pale skin, hair, and eyes.

Example

The albino rabbit had white fur and pink eyes.

アルビノウサギは白い毛とピンクの目を持っていました。

B2 adjective /ˈkɔːstli/

costly

高価

Meaning

expensive or causing a lot of money, time, or effort

Example

Their mistake proved to be very costly for the company.

彼らのミスは会社にとって非常に高価であることが証明されました。

B2 noun /reɪk/

Rake

レーキ

Meaning

a garden tool with a long handle and prongs for gathering leaves; to gather with a rake

Example

He used a rake to gather the fallen autumn leaves.

彼は落ち葉を集めるためにレーキを使いました。

C1 adjective /ˈlætərəl/

lateral

側面

Meaning

Relating to the side or sideways movement.

Example

The football player made a quick lateral pass.

サッカー選手は素早い側面パスをしました。

C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

シエラクラブ

Meaning

An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.

Example

John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.

ジョン・ミューアは1892年にシエラクラブを設立し、野生地帯を保護しました。

A2 adjective, noun, verb /ˈtoʊ.təl/

total

合計

Meaning

the whole amount; complete

Example

The total cost was too high.

合計費用は高すぎました。

C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

インコ

Meaning

a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet

Example

The green parakeet learned to say hello.

緑色のインコはこんにちはを言うことを学びました。

B2 noun /məˌnɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/

manipulation

操作

Meaning

The action of manipulating someone or something in a skillful manner; handling or controlling in a subtle, unfair, or unscrupulous way.

Example

Media manipulation influences public opinion.

メディア操作は公共の意見に影響を与えます。

B2 noun /əbˈsɛʃən/

obsession

執着

Meaning

An idea, thought, or concern that continually preoccupies or intrudes on a person's mind.

Example

His obsession with success drove him to work day and night.

成功への執着が彼を昼夜働かせた。

C1 verb /ˈhaɪtən/

heighten

高める

Meaning

to make or become greater in intensity or degree

Example

The announcement served to heighten the excitement in the room.

その発表は部屋の興奮を高めるために役立ちました。

C1 adjective /juːˈbɪkwɪtəs/

ubiquitous

普遍的

Meaning

Existing or being everywhere at the same time.

Example

Social media has become ubiquitous among young people.

ソーシャルメディアは若者の間で普及しています。

C1 noun /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/

efficacy

効果

Meaning

The ability to produce a desired or intended result; effectiveness.

Example

The efficacy of the vaccine has been proven in trials.

ワクチンの効果は試験で証明されました。

B2 noun ˈkæp.ɪ.təl.ɪ.zəm

capitalism

資本主義

Meaning

An economic system where trade, industry and production are privately owned and operated for profit.

Example

Capitalism encourages innovation and competition.

資本主義は革新と競争を促進します。

C1 verb /ɡrʌnt/

grunt

Meaning

to make a low, rough sound, often when exerting effort or expressing annoyance

Example

He grunted as he lifted the heavy box.

B1 noun /dɪˈbeɪts/

debates

討論

Meaning

Formal discussions where different viewpoints are presented and argued.

Example

Debates on governance lasted throughout the session.

ガバナンスに関する討論はセッション全体を通して行われました。

B1 noun /piːtʃ/

Peach

ピーチ

Meaning

a soft round fruit with fuzzy skin, sweet flesh, and a large pit in the center

Example

The peach was perfectly ripe and juicy when I bit into it.

そのピーチは完璧に熟し、ジューシーで、かじるととても美味しかった。

C2 noun /kɒnˌtek.stʃu.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

contextualization

コンテキスト化

Meaning

The process of placing something in its proper context or setting to understand it better.

Example

Contextualization of historical events helps students understand them better.

歴史的な出来事のコンテキスト化は、学生がそれらをよりよく理解するのに役立ちます。

B2 verb /drɪft/

drift

漂う

Meaning

to move slowly, especially by air or water currents

Example

The boat began to drift away from the shore.

ボートは岸から離れ始めた。

B1 verb /ˈɛmfəˌsaɪz/

emphasize

強調する

Meaning

to give special importance or attention to something

Example

The teacher emphasized the importance of homework.

先生は宿題の重要性を強調した。

C2 adjective /ˈɪn.dɪ.dʒənt/

indigent

困窮

Meaning

lacking the necessities of life due to poverty; very poor

Example

The hospital offers free care to indigent patients.

病院は困窮した患者に無料でケアを提供しています。

B2 adjective /ˈstɑː.ri/

Starry

星のような; 輝く;

Meaning

full of stars; shining like stars; relating to stars

Example

We enjoyed the starry night sky while camping in the mountains.

私たちは山でキャンプしながら、星空を楽しみました。

B2 noun /ˈpɑː.tɪ.klz/

particles

粒子

Meaning

Minute portions of matter.

Example

PM2.5 particles harm respiratory health.

PM2.5粒子は呼吸器系の健康に害を与えます。

B2 noun ˈkrɪp.toʊˌkɝː.ən.si

cryptocurrency

暗号通貨

Meaning

Decentralized digital currency operated using blockchain technology.

Example

Bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency in the market.

ビットコインは市場で最も人気のある暗号通貨です。

C1 noun /krəˈnɒlədʒi/

chronology

Meaning

The arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence.

Example

The chronology of the dynasty was carefully studied by historians.

B2 noun /dɪˈvoʊ.ʃən/

Devotion

献身; 忠誠; 熱意

Meaning

love, loyalty, or enthusiasm for a person, activity, or cause

Example

Her devotion to helping others made her a beloved figure in the community.

他人を助けることへの献身が、彼女をコミュニティで愛される存在にしました。

A2 adjective /sɪk/

Sick

病気の; 吐き気のする; 不調

Meaning

unwell; having a disease or illness; feeling nauseous

Example

She stayed home from work because she was feeling sick.

彼女は気分が悪かったので、仕事を休んだ。

B2 adjective ɪkˈsɛsɪv

excessive

過度の

Meaning

More than is necessary, normal, or desirable; immoderate.

Example

Excessive population growth leads to resource depletion.

過度の人口増加は資源の枯渇を引き起こします。

C2 verb /deɪn/

deign

自分の尊厳を損ねて何かをする

Meaning

to do something considered beneath one's dignity

Example

The king did not deign to reply to the commoner.

王は平民に返答することをしなかった。

C2 noun /ˈdrɪvəl/

drivel

戯言

Meaning

silly or nonsensical talk

Example

The politician’s speech was full of meaningless drivel.

政治家の演説は意味のない戯言でいっぱいだった。

C2 verb /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪteɪt/

incapacitate

無力化する

Meaning

to deprive someone or something of the ability or strength to function

Example

The severe injury incapacitated the player for the rest of the season.

その重傷はプレーヤーをシーズンの残りの期間無力化させた。

B2 verb ɪˈrɛktɪŋ

erecting

建設する

Meaning

To build; construct; set up in a vertical position.

Example

The workers were erecting a new building downtown.

労働者たちは市街地で新しい建物を建てていました。

B1 adverb /ðʌs/

thus

このように

Meaning

as a result or consequence of something previously stated

Example

He was late, thus he missed the meeting.

彼は遅れたので、このように会議を欠席しました。

B2 verb /rɪˈzɛmbəl/

resemble

似ている

Meaning

to look like or be similar to something or someone

Example

She resembles her mother in both appearance and mannerisms.

彼女は見た目と仕草の両方で母親に似ています。

C2 noun /beɪz/

baize

粗いウールの布の一種

Meaning

A type of coarse woolen cloth, often green, used for covering tables such as billiard tables.

Example

The old card table was covered with worn baize.

古いカードテーブルは、擦り切れたベイズで覆われていました。

C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

相続人

Meaning

a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies

Example

She became the inheritor of her family's estate.

彼女は家族の財産の相続人となった。

B2 adjective /ˈstʌb.ərn/

Stubborn

頑固な; しつこい; 強情な

Meaning

refusing to change opinion or course of action; persistent; obstinate

Example

The stubborn child refused to eat his vegetables.

その頑固な子供は野菜を食べるのを拒否した。

C1 noun /ˈliːʒən/

lesion

傷

Meaning

An area of damage or abnormal change in the tissue of an organism, often caused by injury or disease.

Example

The doctor examined the skin lesion carefully.

医者は皮膚の傷を注意深く調べました。

B1 noun /ˈdʒen.dər/

Gender

性別

Meaning

either of the two sexes (male and female); the range of characteristics pertaining to masculinity and femininity

Example

The company promotes gender equality by ensuring equal opportunities for all employees.

その企業はすべての従業員に平等な機会を提供することで、ジェンダー平等を促進しています。

C2 noun /ˈɡændər/

Gander

オスガン

Meaning

male goose

Example

The gander protected his family from the approaching dog.

そのオスガンは、近づいてくる犬から家族を守りました。

C1 adjective /freɪl/

frail

脆弱

Meaning

Physically weak and delicate.

Example

The old man was too frail to walk without help.

その高齢者は助けなしでは歩けないほど脆弱だった。

C1 adjective /ˈsɛm.ɪ.nəl/

seminal

幸福

Meaning

Strongly influencing later developments; highly original and influential.

Example

His seminal book changed the course of modern philosophy.

彼女は賞を受け取ったとき、自分の幸福を隠せませんでした。

C1 adjective /ˈæv.ɪd/

avid

熱心な

Meaning

having an eager desire or enthusiasm for something

Example

She is an avid reader of mystery novels.

彼女はミステリー小説の熱心な読者です。

B1 noun /məˈdʒɪʃən/

magician

マジシャン

Meaning

A person who performs tricks and illusions for entertainment or one believed to have magical powers.

Example

The magician pulled a rabbit out of his hat.

マジシャンは帽子からウサギを取り出しました。

C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

妨害する

Meaning

To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer

Example

The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.

証人は調査中にストーンウォールしようとしました。

C1 verb /ˈfrɒlɪk/

frolic

楽しげに遊ぶ

Meaning

to play and move about cheerfully, energetically, or playfully

Example

The children frolicked in the garden all afternoon.

子供たちは午後中庭で楽しげに遊んでいました。

C2 verb /ɪˈmjʊər/

immure

閉じ込める

Meaning

to confine or enclose someone against their will

Example

The prisoner was immured in a dark cell.

囚人は暗い監房に閉じ込められた。

A1 adjective /ˈbɪɡɪst/

biggest

最も大きい

Meaning

largest in size, amount, degree, or importance; superlative form of big

Example

This is the biggest challenge we have ever faced.

これは私たちが直面した中で最も大きな挑戦です。

C1 noun /ˈdæn.drʌf/

Dandruff

フケ

Meaning

small white or grey flakes of dead skin that form on the scalp and fall from the hair

Example

He used a special shampoo to treat his persistent dandruff problem.

彼は慢性的なフケの問題を治すために、特別なシャンプーを使った。

B2 noun /ˈnoʊ.ʃən/

Notion

概念

Meaning

a conception or belief about something; an idea or opinion

Example

She had a strange notion that someone was following her.

彼女は誰かが彼女を追っているという奇妙な概念を持っていた。

B2 noun /ˈlɪvər/

liver

肝臓

Meaning

a large organ in the body that cleans the blood and produces bile to help digest food.

Example

The liver plays a vital role in removing toxins from the body.

肝臓は体から毒素を取り除く重要な役割を果たします。

C1 noun /əbˈzɜːvəns/

observance

遵守

Meaning

The practice of following a custom, rule, or religious law.

Example

The festival is held in observance of a centuries-old tradition.

その祭りは、数世代にわたる伝統を遵守して行われます。

B2 noun /θred/

thread

糸

Meaning

a long, thin strand of cotton, nylon, or other fibers used for sewing

Example

She used a red thread to sew the torn button back on.

彼女は赤い糸を使って壊れたボタンを縫い直しました。

A2 noun /ˈkær.ət/

Carrot

ニンジン

Meaning

a long pointed orange root vegetable that grows underground

Example

Carrots are rich in vitamin A.

ニンジンはビタミンAが豊富です。

C1 verb bɪˈkwiːð

bequeath

遺贈する

Meaning

Leave something to someone in a will; pass down or hand down to the next generation.

Example

The scientist bequeathed his research papers to the university.

科学者は彼の研究論文を大学に遺贈した。

B2 adjective /ˈdæz.lɪŋ/

Dazzling

眩しい; 印象的な

Meaning

extremely bright and impressive; brilliant and stunning

Example

The dazzling lights of the city amazed the tourists.

その都市の眩い光は観光客を驚かせました。

C2 adjective sɑːˈtɔːrɪəl

sartorial

衣服やスタイルに関連する

Meaning

Of or relating to clothing or style or manner of dress.

Example

His sartorial choices were always on trend and admired.

彼のサートリアルな選択はいつも流行に合っていて、賞賛されていました。

C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

悪名高い

Meaning

well known for some bad quality or deed

Example

The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.

その独裁者はその残虐さで悪名高かった。

C1 noun /ˈem.ɪ.nəns/

Eminence

名声; 優越性

Meaning

fame or recognized superiority; high rank or status

Example

The professor achieved eminence in the field of quantum physics.

教授は量子物理学の分野で名声を得ました。

C1 adjective /dɪsˈkɔːrdənt/

discordant

不協和音

Meaning

disagreeing or clashing; harsh and jarring in sound

Example

The discordant notes of the band hurt our ears.

バンドの不協和音の音が私たちの耳を痛めました。

C2 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈwiːnɪŋ/

overweening

過度に傲慢な

Meaning

excessively arrogant or prideful

Example

His overweening pride cost him many friends.

彼の過度の誇りは多くの友人を失わせました。

C2 noun /əˈɡrɒnəmi/

agronomy

農業学

Meaning

The science and practice of soil management and crop production, focusing on the principles of plant and soil science to optimize agricultural productivity.

Example

Agronomy focuses on soil management and crop production.

農業学は土壌管理と作物生産に焦点を当てています。

B2 noun /ˈjuː.sɪdʒ/

Usage

使用

Meaning

the action of using something; the way in which words are used in a language

Example

The dictionary explains the correct usage of difficult words.

辞書は難しい言葉の正しい使い方を説明しています。

C1 verb /ˈræn.sæk/

ransack

略奪する

Meaning

to search a place roughly and steal or damage things

Example

Burglars ransacked the house while the family was away.

泥棒たちは家族が留守の間に家を荒らした。

B1 noun /feɪm/

Fame

名声

Meaning

the condition of being known or talked about by many people

Example

The young actor achieved international fame with his latest movie.

若い俳優は最新の映画で国際的な名声を得ました。

B2 adverb /ˈsel.fɪʃ.li/

Selfishly

利己的に

Meaning

in a selfish manner; caring only about oneself

Example

He selfishly took all the cookies.

彼は自己中心的にすべてのクッキーを取った。

C1 verb /əˈfɪʃieɪt/

officiate

執り行う

Meaning

To perform official duties, especially in a ceremony or as a referee.

Example

The priest will officiate the wedding ceremony.

司祭が結婚式を司る。

B2 noun /ˈmæd.nəs/

Madness

狂気; 精神錯乱;

Meaning

the state of being mentally ill, especially severely; extremely foolish behavior

Example

It would be madness to drive in this storm.

この嵐の中で運転するのは狂気だろう。

B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

chairwoman

女性議長

Meaning

a woman who presides over a meeting, committee, or organization; a female leader of a board or council

Example

She was elected chairwoman of the company after years of experience.

彼女は長年の経験の後、その会社の女性議長に選ばれた。

B1 adjective /ˈsɪniər/

senior

シニア

Meaning

having a higher rank or status; older or more experienced

Example

He is the senior manager in the department.

彼は部門のシニアマネージャーです。

C2 verb /ˈdʒɪb.ər/

gibber

意味不明に話す

Meaning

To speak rapidly and unintelligibly, typically through fear or shock.

Example

The frightened man began to gibber when he saw the ghost.

怖がった男は幽霊を見たとき、意味不明に話し始めた。

B2 adjective /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/

Voluntary

自発的

Meaning

done willingly without being forced; given or done freely

Example

She made a voluntary donation to the charity.

彼女は慈善団体に自発的に寄付をしました。

C1 adjective /dɪˈlæpɪˌdeɪtɪd/

dilapidated

老朽化した

Meaning

Fallen into disrepair or ruin due to neglect or age.

Example

The family lived in a dilapidated house at the edge of town.

その家族は町の端にある老朽化した家に住んでいました。

A2 adjective /reər/

Rare

珍しい

Meaning

not occurring very often; uncommon or unusual

Example

It's rare to find such beautiful handmade jewelry these days.

こんな美しい手作りのジュエリーを見つけることは珍しい。

A2 noun ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt

environment

環境

Meaning

The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates.

Example

Protecting the environment is crucial for future generations.

環境保護は未来の世代にとって重要です。

A1 verb /hæv/

have

持っている

Meaning

to possess, own, or hold

Example

They have three children.

彼らは三人の子供がいます。

C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

ファイル

Meaning

A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.

Example

The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.

弁護士は証拠のドシエを裁判所に提出しました。

C2 adjective /ˈslæp.dæʃ/

slapdash

ぞんざい

Meaning

done too quickly and carelessly; hasty and careless

Example

The report was written in a slapdash manner, full of errors.

レポートはぞんざいに書かれており、間違いだらけだった。

C1 verb/noun /ˈsɒldər/

solder

はんだ付け

Meaning

To join metal parts together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint

Example

He soldered the broken wires back together.

彼は壊れた配線を再びはんだ付けしました。

C1 noun /ˌpærəfəˈneɪliə/

paraphernalia

道具一式

Meaning

Miscellaneous articles, especially equipment needed for a particular activity.

Example

The fisherman carried all his fishing paraphernalia in a large box.

漁師はすべての釣り道具を大きな箱に入れて運びました。

B2 noun /ˈkaʊntərˌpɑːrt/

counterpart

対等者

Meaning

a person or thing that corresponds to or has the same function as another

Example

The CEO met with his counterpart in the partner company.

CEOはパートナー企業の対等者と会いました。

C1 noun /diːˈkrɪp.ʃən/

decryption

復号

Meaning

The process of converting encrypted data back into its original form so it can be understood.

Example

Hackers attempted decryption of classified data.

ハッカーは分類されたデータの復号を試みました。

C2 noun /reɪθ/

wraith

幽霊

Meaning

A ghost or ghostlike image of someone, especially seen shortly before or after their death.

Example

A wraith appeared in the fog near the old castle.

古い城の近くの霧の中に幽霊が現れました。

A2 adverb; noun /ˌaʊtˈdɔːrz/

outdoors

屋外で

Meaning

outside a building; the natural environment outside

Example

We spent the whole afternoon outdoors enjoying the fresh air.

私たちは午後ずっと屋外で新鮮な空気を楽しみました。

C1 noun /ˈdrɛsˌmeɪkər/

dressmaker

洋裁師

Meaning

A person who makes or alters women's clothing professionally.

Example

The dressmaker crafted a beautiful gown for the bride.

洋裁師は花嫁のために美しいドレスを作った。

C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

悲しみ, 痛み

Meaning

the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching

Example

The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.

別れの痛ましさは、みんなの目に涙をもたらした。

C2 noun /ˈsteɪsɪs/ or /ˈstæsɪs/

stasis

停滞

Meaning

A state of inactivity or equilibrium; a situation where nothing changes.

Example

The negotiations reached a state of stasis with no progress made.

交渉は停滞状態に達し、進展はありませんでした。

C1 noun /ˈnaɪt.hʊd/

knighthood

騎士の位

Meaning

The rank or dignity of a knight, or the ceremony of conferring knighthood.

Example

He was honored with knighthood for his contributions to science.

彼は科学への貢献で騎士の位を授与されました。

C1 noun /ˈhɪntərlænd/

hinterland

内陸地域

Meaning

The remote or less developed areas away from the coast or a city.

Example

The farmers came from the rural hinterland to sell their produce in the city.

農民たちは地方の内陸地域から来て、都市で自分たちの農産物を販売しました。