volcanic eruption
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B2 noun /vɒlˈkæn.ɪk ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

volcanic eruption

éruption volcanique
Meaning
The discharge of lava, ash, and gases from a volcano.
Example
The volcanic eruption covered the town in ash.
L'éruption volcanique a couvert la ville de cendres.
C1 noun /ˈvaɪ.pər/

Viper

vipère
Meaning
a venomous snake with large hinged fangs that typically has a thick body and gives birth to live young
Example
The viper coiled up when it sensed danger.
La vipère s'est enroulée lorsqu'elle a ressenti le danger.
C1 adjective /ˈviːəmənt/

Vehement

véhément; intense; passionné; énergique
Meaning
showing strong feeling; forceful; passionate; intense
Example
She gave a vehement denial of the accusations.
Elle a donné une dénégation véhémente des accusations.
C1 verb /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/

vanquish

vaincre
Meaning
to defeat thoroughly, especially in battle or competition
Example
The army vanquished its enemies with superior strategy.
L'armée a vaincu ses ennemis grâce à une stratégie supérieure.
B1 adjective /ˈvɪʒuəl/

visual

visuel
Meaning
Relating to seeing or sight.
Example
The movie was praised for its stunning visual effects.
Le film a été salué pour ses effets visuels impressionnants.
A1 noun /ˈvɪdiəʊ/

video

vidéo
Meaning
a recording of moving visual images made digitally or on film
Example
She watched the video of her favorite concert online.
Elle a regardé la vidéo de son concert préféré en ligne.
C2 noun /ˌvɪvɪˈsɛkʃən/

vivisection

la pratique de réaliser des opérations sur des animaux vivants pour la recherche scientifique
Meaning
the practice of performing operations on live animals for scientific research
Example
Vivisection has long been a controversial topic among scientists and animal rights activists.
La vivisection a longtemps été un sujet controversé parmi les scientifiques et les militants des droits des animaux.
C2 verb /ˈvaɪtəlaɪz/

vitalize

vitaliser
Meaning
To give life, energy, or strength to something.
Example
Fresh air and exercise can vitalize the body and mind.
L'air frais et l'exercice peuvent vitaliser le corps et l'esprit.
C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

justifier
Meaning
To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
Example
The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.
La nouvelle preuve a aidé à justifier l'homme injustement accusé.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkətɔːri/

vindicatory

vindicatif
Meaning
Serving to justify, clear of blame, or defend.
Example
His vindicatory remarks restored his reputation.
Ses remarques vindicatoires ont restauré sa réputation.
C2 verb /vɪˈtjuːpəreɪt/

vituperate

vitupérer
Meaning
To criticize harshly or abuse verbally.
Example
The politician was quick to vituperate his opponents during the debate.
Le politicien a vite vitupéré ses opposants pendant le débat.
C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

valeur
Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
Example
The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.
Le soldat a été honoré pour sa valeur pendant la guerre.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛlvəti/

velvety

bonheur
Meaning
having a smooth, soft texture like velvet
Example
She spoke in a low, velvety voice.
Elle ne pouvait cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 adjective /ˈvɜːrdənt/

verdant

verdoyant
Meaning
Green with grass or other rich vegetation; lush and fertile.
Example
The hills looked verdant after the monsoon rains.
Les collines semblaient verdoyantes après les pluies de la mousson.
C1 noun ˌvɛn.əˈreɪ.ʃən

veneration

vénération
Meaning
Great respect; reverence; the action of regarding with great respect or reverence.
Example
Many cultures show veneration for their ancestors.
De nombreuses cultures montrent de la vénération pour leurs ancêtres.
C2 adjective /ˈvɑːlətɪv/

volitive

volitif
Meaning
Relating to the will or the exercise of the will.
Example
The treaty was signed under volitive agreement between both nations.
Le traité a été signé sous un accord volitif entre les deux nations.
C1 noun /ˌvaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

viability

viabilité
Meaning
Ability to work successfully; feasibility.
Example
The viability of the project depends on funding.
La viabilité du projet dépend du financement.
C2 adjective /ˈvæpɪd/

vapid

insipide
Meaning
lacking liveliness, flavor, or interest; dull and uninspired
Example
The lecture was so vapid that half the audience fell asleep.
La conférence était tellement insipide que la moitié du public s'est endormie.
A2 noun /ˈvedʒtəbəl ɔɪl/

Vegetable oil

huile végétale
Meaning
Oil extracted from plants, seeds, or nuts used for cooking
Example
She heated vegetable oil in the pan before adding the vegetables.
Elle a chauffé de l'huile végétale dans la poêle avant d'ajouter les légumes.
C1 noun /ˈvænɡɑːrd/

vanguard

avant-garde
Meaning
the forefront of an action, movement, or military force
Example
The company is at the vanguard of technological innovation.
L'entreprise est à l'avant-garde de l'innovation technologique.
B2 noun /ˈvæn.ɪ.ti/

Vanity

vanité
Meaning
excessive pride in one's appearance or achievements; the quality of being worthless or pointless
Example
Her vanity made her spend hours looking at herself in the mirror.
Sa vanité la fit passer des heures à se regarder dans le miroir.
C2 adjective /veɪnˈɡlɔːriəs/

vainglorious

vaniteux
Meaning
Excessively proud of oneself or one’s achievements; boastful.
Example
The vainglorious leader boasted about his minor achievements.
Le leader vaniteux se vantait de ses petites réalisations.
C2 noun /ˈvɜːrdɪɡriːs/

verdigris

dépôt vert ou bleu
Meaning
A green or bluish deposit that forms on copper, brass, or bronze surfaces due to oxidation.
Example
The old statue was covered in verdigris after years of exposure to the rain.
La vieille statue était couverte de verdigris après des années d'exposition à la pluie.
C1 adjective /vɪˈveɪʃəs/

vivacious

vivace
Meaning
Attractively lively and animated.
Example
She was admired for her vivacious personality.
Elle a été admirée pour sa personnalité vivace.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛrɪtəbl/

veritable

véritable
Meaning
used to emphasize that something is genuine or true
Example
The house was a veritable palace compared to ours.
La maison était un véritable palais comparé à la nôtre.
B2 adverb /ˈvɜː.tʃu.ə.li/

Virtually

virtuellement; presque;
Meaning
nearly; almost; in effect though not in name
Example
The building was virtually destroyed in the earthquake.
Le bâtiment a été pratiquement détruit dans le tremblement de terre.
B1 noun /ˈvæl.i/

Valley

vallée
Meaning
a low area of land between hills or mountains
Example
The green valley stretched for miles between the mountains.
La vallée verte s'étendait sur des kilomètres entre les montagnes.
C2 adjective /ˌvɪtriˈɑːlɪk/

vitriolic

critiqué acerbe
Meaning
filled with bitter criticism or malice
Example
His vitriolic remarks hurt everyone in the room.
Ses remarques acerbes ont blessé tout le monde dans la salle.
C2 noun /ˌvɑːljəˈbɪləti/

volubility

volubilité
Meaning
The quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly.
Example
His volubility made him a successful radio host.
Sa volubilité en fit un animateur de radio à succès.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪnəri/

vinery

vignoble
Meaning
A place where vines are cultivated, especially a vineyard or greenhouse for vines.
Example
The old vinery was filled with grapevines.
Le vieux vignoble était rempli de vignes.
C1 noun /ˈveɪpəraɪzər/

vaporizer

vaporisateur
Meaning
a device that turns a liquid into vapor, often for inhalation
Example
She used a vaporizer to ease her cough.
Elle a utilisé un vaporisateur pour soulager sa toux.
B1 noun /vaɪəˈlɪn/

Violin

violon
Meaning
a musical instrument with four strings that is played with a bow
Example
She plays the violin beautifully in the orchestra.
Elle joue magnifiquement du violon dans l'orchestre.
C1 noun /væt/

vat

grand réservoir
Meaning
A large container used for holding liquids such as dye or wine.
Example
The workers filled the vat with freshly pressed grape juice.
Les travailleurs ont rempli le grand réservoir avec du jus de raisin fraîchement pressé.
B1 adjective /ˈvaɪə.lənt/

Violent

violent; agressif
Meaning
using or involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; very forceful or powerful
Example
The violent storm caused significant damage to the coastal areas.
La tempête violente a causé des dommages importants dans les zones côtières.
B1 noun /vɒlˈkeɪ.noʊ/

Volcano

bonheur
Meaning
a mountain with an opening through which lava, gas, and ash can escape
Example
The volcano erupted after being dormant for decades.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun /vaɪˈbreɪ.ʃən/

Vibration

vibration
Meaning
a rapid back and forth movement; oscillation
Example
The phone's vibration woke me up.
La vibration du téléphone m'a réveillé.
B1 noun /ˌvedʒəˈteəriən/

Vegetarian

végétarien
Meaning
a person who does not eat meat or fish; relating to vegetarians or vegetarianism
Example
She became a vegetarian for health and environmental reasons.
Elle est devenue végétarienne pour des raisons de santé et environnementales.
C2 noun /ˈvɪtəlz/

victuals

vivres
Meaning
Food or provisions, especially for human consumption.
Example
The travelers packed enough victuals for their long journey.
Les voyageurs ont emballé suffisamment de vivres pour leur long voyage.
A2 verb /voʊt/

vote

voter
Meaning
to make a choice in an election; to express preference
Example
Citizens vote to choose their representatives.
Les citoyens votent pour choisir leurs représentants.
C2 adjective /ˈvɒl.jʊ.bəl/

Voluble

bavard; volubile
Meaning
speaking fluently and readily; talkative; having a continuous flow of words
Example
The voluble salesman talked for hours about his products.
Le vendeur bavard a parlé pendant des heures de ses produits.
C2 noun /ˈvɔːdəvɪl/

vaudeville

vaudeville
Meaning
A type of entertainment popular in the early 20th century, featuring a mixture of comedy, song, dance, and variety acts.
Example
The vaudeville show included comedians, magicians, and dancers.
Le spectacle de vaudeville comprenait des comédiens, des magiciens et des danseurs.
B2 adjective /væst/

Vast

vaste; immense; étendu
Meaning
extremely large in size, amount, or extent; immense
Example
The vast ocean stretched endlessly to the horizon.
L'océan vaste s'étendait à perte de vue jusqu'à l'horizon.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈvɪntɪdʒ/

vintage

vintage / classique
Meaning
Relating to high quality from the past; classic; also the year of a wine harvest.
Example
She wore a vintage dress from the 1950s.
Elle portait une robe vintage des années 1950.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪrəl/

virile

viril
Meaning
having traditionally masculine qualities, such as strength, energy, and sexual vigor
Example
The actor was admired for his virile appearance.
L'acteur a été admiré pour son apparence virile.
C1 noun /ˌvɜːrtʃuˈoʊsoʊ/

virtuoso

artiste virtuose
Meaning
A person highly skilled in music, art, or another artistic pursuit.
Example
The pianist is a true virtuoso, captivating audiences worldwide.
Le pianiste est un véritable artiste virtuose, captivant les auditoires du monde entier.
C1 adverb /ˈvælɪdli/

validly

valablement
Meaning
in a legally, logically, or officially acceptable manner
Example
The contract was validly signed by both parties.
Le contrat a été valablement signé par les deux parties.
B2 verb /ˈvaɪəleɪt/

violate

violer
Meaning
to break or go against a rule or law; to disrespect
Example
Parking here violates the city regulations.
Se garer ici viole les régulations de la ville.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

dévot
Meaning
A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.
Example
He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.
Il est un dévot de la musique classique et assiste à chaque concert.
C2 adjective /ˌvælɪˈdɪktəri/

valedictory

de départ
Meaning
Serving as a farewell or parting; relating to a valediction.
Example
He delivered a valedictory speech at the conference.
Il a prononcé un discours de départ à la conférence.
C1 adjective /ˈvɪʒ.ən.er.i/

Visionary

visionnaire; imaginatif;
Meaning
having original ideas about what the future will bring; innovative; imaginative
Example
Steve Jobs was a visionary leader who revolutionized technology.
Steve Jobs était un leader visionnaire qui a révolutionné la technologie.
B1 noun /ˈvəʊtə/

voter

électeur
Meaning
a person who votes in an election
Example
Voters lined up outside the polling station to cast their ballots.
Les électeurs se sont alignés devant le bureau de vote pour déposer leur bulletin.
B2 adjective /vɪkˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Victorious

victorieux
Meaning
having won a victory; successful in a struggle or contest
Example
The victorious team celebrated their championship win with great joy.
L'équipe victorieuse a célébré leur victoire en championnat avec une grande joie.
B2 adjective /ˈvaɪəbəl/

viable

viable, faisable
Meaning
Capable of working successfully; feasible.
Example
A viable solution is necessary for long-term success.
Une solution viable est nécessaire pour réussir à long terme.
B1 noun /ˈvɜːr.ʒən/

Version

version; forme; récit
Meaning
a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event
Example
This is the latest version of the software.
C'est la dernière version du logiciel.
C2 adjective /vɛˈstɪdʒiəl/

vestigial

vestigial
Meaning
Relating to a small, undeveloped remnant of something that was once much larger or more functional.
Example
Humans have a vestigial tailbone that no longer serves its original purpose.
Les humains ont un os du coccyx vestigial qui ne remplit plus sa fonction d'origine.
B2 noun ˌvɒlənˈtɪər ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən

volunteer organization

organisation bénévole
Meaning
A nonprofit group of people who offer their services willingly without payment for a cause.
Example
BD Clean is a volunteer organization promoting recycling.
BD Clean est une organisation bénévole qui promeut le recyclage.
C2 adjective /ˈvɔːntɪd/

vaunted

excessivement vanté
Meaning
praised or boasted about, especially excessively
Example
The vaunted technology failed to deliver the expected results.
La technologie excessivement vantée n'a pas donné les résultats attendus.
B1 preposition /ˈvɜːsəs/

versus

contre
Meaning
against (in a competition or conflict)
Example
The team is playing versus their biggest rivals.
L'équipe joue contre ses plus grands rivaux.
B2 noun /ˌvɛrɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

verification

vérification
Meaning
The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.
Example
The bank requires verification of identity before opening an account.
La banque exige une vérification de l'identité avant d'ouvrir un compte.
C1 adjective /vəˈluː.mə.nəs/

voluminous

volumineux, grand, expansif
Meaning
Occupying or containing much space; large in volume, in particular.
Example
The library contained a voluminous collection of books.
La bibliothèque contenait une collection volumineuse de livres.
C2 noun /viːˈnæləti/

venality

vénalité
Meaning
the quality of being open to bribery or corruption
Example
The scandal revealed the venality of several senior officials.
Le scandale a révélé la vénalité de plusieurs hauts fonctionnaires.
B2 noun /vaɪs/

Vice

vice; mauvaise habitude; défaut moral
Meaning
an immoral or wicked behavior; a moral failing or fault
Example
Smoking is his only vice.
Fumer est son seul vice.
B2 verb/noun /vɛnt/

vent

ventiler / ouverture permettant à l'air ou au gaz de passer
Meaning
to release air, gas, or strong emotions; an opening that allows air, gas, or liquid to pass
Example
She vented her frustration after the long meeting.
Elle a exprimé sa frustration après la longue réunion.
C2 noun /voʊˈsɪfərəns/

vociferance

crier fort
Meaning
the act of shouting or making a loud outcry
Example
The vociferance of the protesters filled the streets.
La vocifération des manifestants a rempli les rues.
C1 noun /ˈvɔːrtɛks/

vortex

tourbillon
Meaning
A mass of whirling fluid or air, especially a whirlpool or whirlwind.
Example
The plane was caught in a dangerous vortex of air.
L'avion a été pris dans un dangereux tourbillon d'air.
C1 noun /ˈvenəm/

Venom

venin
Meaning
a poisonous substance secreted by animals such as snakes; extreme malice and bitterness
Example
The snake's venom can be deadly if not treated quickly.
Le venin du serpent peut être mortel s'il n'est pas traité rapidement.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜː.bəl/

verbal

verbal, exprimé par des mots
Meaning
Relating to or in the form of words; spoken rather than written.
Example
Verbal communication is essential in most situations.
La communication verbale est essentielle dans la plupart des situations.
A1 verb /ˈvɪzɪt/

visit

visiter
Meaning
to go and see someone or somewhere; to pay a call
Example
We plan to visit the museum this weekend.
Nous prévoyons de visiter le musée ce week-end.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛndɪbəl/

vendible

vendable
Meaning
Capable of being sold; marketable.
Example
Only vendible products were displayed at the trade fair.
Seuls les produits vendables ont été exposés à la foire commerciale.
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɪˌɡoʊ/

vertigo

bonheur
Meaning
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
Example
She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
B1 adjective /ˈvæljʊəbl/

Valuable

précieux; important
Meaning
worth a great deal of money; extremely useful or important
Example
The painting is very valuable and worth millions.
Le tableau est très précieux et vaut des millions.
C1 noun/verb /ˈvɑːrnɪʃ/

varnish

vernis
Meaning
A liquid that is applied to wood or other materials to form a hard, shiny surface; also to apply such a liquid.
Example
The carpenter varnished the table to give it a glossy finish.
Le charpentier a verni la table pour lui donner une finition brillante.
C1 verb /vɪə(r)/

veer

changer de direction
Meaning
to change direction suddenly
Example
The car veered off the road to avoid the accident.
La voiture a viré hors de la route pour éviter l'accident.
B2 noun /ˈveɪ.kən.si/

Vacancy

vacance; une position ou un espace vide
Meaning
an unoccupied position or job; an empty space or room
Example
There is a vacancy for a software engineer in our company.
Il y a une vacance pour un ingénieur logiciel dans notre entreprise.
C2 verb /vɔːnt/

vaunt

se vanter
Meaning
to boast or brag about something, especially in an excessive way
Example
He would often vaunt his achievements in front of his colleagues.
Il se vantait souvent de ses réalisations devant ses collègues.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛntrəl/

ventral

ventral
Meaning
relating to the underside or abdominal part of an animal or organ
Example
The fish has a white ventral surface.
Le poisson a une surface ventrale blanche.
B2 noun /veɪl/

Veil

voile; masque; voile de mariée;
Meaning
a piece of fine material worn to protect or conceal the face; something that conceals or disguises
Example
The bride wore a beautiful white veil during the ceremony.
La mariée portait un beau voile blanc pendant la cérémonie.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtəl/

vegetal

végétal
Meaning
relating to or consisting of plants or vegetation
Example
The soup had a distinct vegetal flavor.
La soupe avait une saveur végétale distincte.
C2 noun /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

vicissitude

vicissitudes de la vie
Meaning
A natural change or succession of one thing to another; the ups and downs of life.
Example
The vicissitude of life often teaches resilience.
Les vicissitudes de la vie enseignent souvent la résilience.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪsrɔɪ/

viceroy

Viceroy
Meaning
a ruler exercising authority on behalf of a sovereign in a colony or province
Example
The viceroy governed the colony in the king's name.
Le vice-roi gouvernait la colonie au nom du roi.
B2 noun /ˈvendə(r)/

Vendor

vendeur
Meaning
a person or company offering something for sale, especially a trader in the street
Example
The street vendor sold fresh fruits and vegetables.
Le vendeur de rue a vendu des fruits et des légumes frais.
C2 verb /ˈvɛəriəˌɡeɪt/

variegate

diversifier
Meaning
To diversify or mark with different colors or patterns.
Example
The artist used different shades to variegate the design.
L'artiste a utilisé différentes nuances pour diversifier le design.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

relatif à la croissance ou aux processus fondamentaux de la vie
Meaning
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
Example
The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.
Le patient est resté dans un état végétatif après l'accident.
A2 noun /ˈvæk.juːm ˈkliː.nər/

Vaccum cleaner

aspirateur
Meaning
an electrical appliance that uses suction to remove dirt and dust from carpets and floors
Example
She used the vacuum cleaner to clean the living room carpet.
Elle a utilisé l'aspirateur pour nettoyer le tapis du salon.
B2 verb /ˈverɪfaɪ/

verify

vérifier
Meaning
to check if something is true or correct; to confirm
Example
Please verify your email address before proceeding.
Veuillez vérifier votre adresse e-mail avant de continuer.
C2 adjective /vaɪˈtjuːpərəbl̩/

vituperable

méprisable
Meaning
Deserving of blame, censure, or harsh criticism.
Example
His reckless actions made him vituperable in the eyes of his colleagues.
Ses actions imprudentes l'ont rendu méprisable aux yeux de ses collègues.
C2 noun /ˌvɛəriəˈɡeɪʃən/

variegation

variété
Meaning
The appearance of differently colored zones in the leaves, flowers, or stems of plants.
Example
Variegation makes the foliage look more attractive.
La variegation rend le feuillage plus attrayant.
B1 noun /ˈvɪərər/

viewer

spectateur
Meaning
a person who watches something, especially television or video content
Example
The viewer is able to switch channels with the remote control.
Le spectateur peut changer de chaîne avec la télécommande.
B2 noun /ˌveəriˈeɪʃən/

Variation

variation; changement; différence de condition ou de niveau
Meaning
a change or difference in condition, amount, or level; a different or distinct form or version of something
Example
There was a significant variation in temperature throughout the day.
Il y a eu une variation significative de la température tout au long de la journée.
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

volonté
Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
Elle a quitté le travail de son propre gré.
B1 noun /ˈvaɪ.ə.ləns/

Violence

violence; brutalité; intensité extrême
Meaning
behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill; extreme force or intensity
Example
The government condemned all forms of violence against civilians.
Le gouvernement a condamné toutes les formes de violence contre les civils.
C2 noun /vɛkˈseɪʃən/

vexation

vexation
Meaning
the state of being annoyed, frustrated, or worried
Example
She could not hide her vexation after the repeated delays.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher sa vexation après les retards répétés.
B2 noun /vaɪn/

vine

vigne
Meaning
a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes
Example
The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves.
La vigne a grimpé le long du mur et l’a couvert de feuilles vertes.
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

Virtue

vertu; moralité; qualité utile
Meaning
behavior showing high moral standards; a good or useful quality of a thing
Example
Honesty is considered the highest virtue in many cultures.
L'honnêteté est considérée comme la plus haute vertu dans de nombreuses cultures.
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

langue vernaculaire
Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
Il a donné son discours dans la langue vernaculaire locale afin que tout le monde puisse comprendre.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.ɡər/

Vulgar

vulgaire; grossier; impoli;
Meaning
lacking sophistication or good taste; crude and offensive in language or behavior
Example
His vulgar language offended everyone at the dinner party.
Son langage vulgaire a offensé tout le monde à la fête.
C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

vorace
Meaning
Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.
Example
He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.
Il a un appétit vorace pour la connaissance.
C1 noun /vəˈnɪər/

veneer

bonheur
Meaning
A thin decorative covering of fine wood applied to a coarser wood or other material; a superficially attractive appearance.
Example
The table was covered with a thin veneer of mahogany.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪtriəs/

vitreous

vitreux
Meaning
having a glass-like appearance or quality
Example
The mineral has a vitreous shine.
Le minéral a un éclat vitreux.
B2 noun /ˈves.əl/

vessel

navire
Meaning
A ship or large boat.
Example
The vessel carried critical supplies.
Le navire a transporté des fournitures critiques.
C2 noun /ˈveɪɡəri/

vagary

changement imprévu
Meaning
An unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or someone's behavior.
Example
The vagaries of the weather made planning difficult.
Les caprices du temps ont rendu la planification difficile.
B1 noun /ˈvɒl.juːm/

volume

volume
Meaning
the amount of space that a substance or object occupies, or that is enclosed within a container
Example
The volume of water in the tank increased after the rain.
Le volume d'eau dans le réservoir a augmenté après la pluie.
A2 noun /ˈvɪzɪtər/

visitor

visiteur
Meaning
a person who goes to see a place or someone for a short time
Example
The museum had many visitors last weekend.
Le musée a eu beaucoup de visiteurs le week-end dernier.
C1 verb /vaʊtʃ/

vouch

témoigner
Meaning
to confirm or assert the truth or reliability of something
Example
I can vouch for his honesty.
Je peux témoigner de son honnêteté.
B2 noun /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪlɪti/

visibility

visibilité
Meaning
The state of being able to see or be seen; exposure or prominence.
Example
Increased visibility on social media can help businesses grow.
Une plus grande visibilité sur les réseaux sociaux peut aider les entreprises à se développer.
C2 noun /ˈvɛrɪti/

verity

vérité
Meaning
a true principle or belief; the state of being true
Example
The verity of his statement was confirmed by evidence.
La véracité de sa déclaration a été confirmée par des preuves.
C1 noun/verb /vɔːlt/

vault

coffre-fort / sauter
Meaning
A secure room for storing valuables; also to leap or spring over something.
Example
The bank kept its gold bars in a secure vault.
La banque a gardé ses lingots d'or dans une voûte sécurisée.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊkəbəl/

vocable

vocable
Meaning
a word, term, or sound that has meaning
Example
The dictionary contained thousands of vocables from different languages.
Le dictionnaire contenait des milliers de vocables provenant de différentes langues.
B2 adjective /ˈvʌl.nər.ə.bəl/

vulnerable

vulnérable
Meaning
susceptible to physical or emotional harm
Example
Children are often the most vulnerable in times of crisis.
Les enfants sont souvent les plus vulnérables en temps de crise.
C2 adjective /vərˈmɪkjələr/

vermicular

comme un ver
Meaning
having a shape or appearance like a worm; worm-like
Example
The artist used a vermicular design to decorate the border of the manuscript.
L'artiste a utilisé un design vermiculaire pour décorer le bord du manuscrit.
C2 noun /ˈvaɪəl/

viol

un type d'instrument à cordes ancien
Meaning
A stringed musical instrument of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, played with a bow and similar to but distinct from the violin family.
Example
The musician played an old viol in the chamber music concert.
Le musicien a joué un vieux viall dans le concert de musique de chambre.
C1 verb /vəˈkeɪt/

vacate

libérer
Meaning
to leave a place; to make empty by leaving
Example
The tenants must vacate the apartment by the end of the month.
Les locataires doivent libérer l’appartement avant la fin du mois.
B2 noun /ˈveɪ.pər/

Vapour

vapeur
Meaning
a substance in the form of a gas, especially when it has changed from a liquid or solid state
Example
Water vapour rose from the hot pavement after the rain.
La vapeur d'eau s'élevait du trottoir chaud après la pluie.
C2 adjective /vɪˈtjuːpərətɪv/

vituperative

vitupératif
Meaning
Characterized by abusive or harsh language.
Example
The teacher’s vituperative remarks left the students in tears.
Les remarques vitupératives du professeur ont laissé les élèves en larmes.
B2 verb /ˈvæksɪneɪt/

vaccinate

vacciner
Meaning
to give a vaccine to protect against a disease
Example
Children are usually vaccinated before starting school.
Les enfants sont généralement vaccinés avant de commencer l'école.
C2 noun /ˈvɪntnər/

vintner

vigneron / vendeur de vin
Meaning
A person who makes or sells wine.
Example
The vintner explained the process of making red wine.
Le vigneron a expliqué le processus de fabrication du vin rouge.
B2 noun /ˈvæmpaɪər/

vampire

bonheur
Meaning
a mythical creature that sucks blood from the living; metaphorically, a person who exploits others
Example
In folklore, a vampire rises at night to drink human blood.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun ˈvɜːmɪn

vermin

petits animaux ou insectes nuisibles qui sont difficiles à contrôler et transmettent des maladies
Meaning
Small harmful animals or insects that are difficult to control and carry disease.
Example
The house was infested with vermin, requiring immediate action.
La maison était infestée de vermines, nécessitant une action immédiate.
C1 adverb/adjective /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/

verbatim

mot pour mot ou littéralement
Meaning
In exactly the same words as were used originally; word for word repetition.
Example
She repeated his instructions verbatim to avoid errors.
Elle a répété ses instructions mot pour mot pour éviter les erreurs.
C1 noun /ˈviːəməns/

Vehemence

véhémence; force ou intensité de sentiments ou d'expressions
Meaning
great forcefulness or intensity of feeling or expression; passionate conviction
Example
He argued with such vehemence that everyone was surprised.
Il a argumenté avec une telle véhémence que tout le monde a été surpris.
C1 noun /vɛnˈdɛtə/

vendetta

vengeance
Meaning
a prolonged bitter quarrel or campaign of revenge
Example
The two families were caught in a bitter vendetta for generations.
Les deux familles étaient prises dans une vendetta amère pendant des générations.