vicissitude
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C2 noun /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/

vicissitude

vicissitudes de la vie
Meaning
A natural change or succession of one thing to another; the ups and downs of life.
Example
The vicissitude of life often teaches resilience.
Les vicissitudes de la vie enseignent souvent la résilience.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɔːdi/

gaudy

voyant
Meaning
excessively showy or flashy, often in a tasteless way
Example
She wore a gaudy necklace that clashed with her elegant dress.
Elle portait un collier voyant qui jurait avec sa robe élégante.
C2 verb /rɪˈsɪnd/

rescind

résilier
Meaning
to revoke, cancel, or repeal a law, order, or agreement
Example
The company decided to rescind the job offer.
L'entreprise a décidé de résilier l'offre d'emploi.
C2 verb /ɪnˈsaɪfər/

encipher

convertir un message en code ou en chiffre
Meaning
to convert a message into code or cipher
Example
The agent enciphered the secret message before sending it.
L'agent a chiffré le message secret avant de l'envoyer.
C2 adjective /ˌdɛfəˈrɛnʃəl/

deferential

respectueux
Meaning
Showing or expressing respect and high regard.
Example
He was always deferential toward his teachers.
Il était toujours respectueux envers ses enseignants.
C2 adjective /rɪˈflɛksəbl/

reflexible

réfléchissable
Meaning
Capable of being reflected or bent back.
Example
The surface was highly reflexible, bouncing light in different directions.
La surface était très réfléchissable, renvoyant la lumière dans différentes directions.
C2 verb /rɪˈtrɛntʃ/

retrench

réduire les dépenses, licencier des employés
Meaning
to reduce costs, spending, or staff to save resources
Example
The company had to retrench employees due to financial difficulties.
L'entreprise a dû licencier des employés à cause de difficultés financières.
C2 noun /rɪˈkwaɪtəl/

requital

rétribution
Meaning
The act of returning something, such as a favor, service, or punishment; repayment or retaliation.
Example
She offered her time in requital for his kindness.
Elle a offert son temps en rétribution pour sa gentillesse.
C2 noun /ˌmælˈoʊdər/

malodor

mauvaise odeur
Meaning
An unpleasant smell; bad odor.
Example
The garbage bin gave off a terrible malodor.
La poubelle dégageait une terrible mauvaise odeur.
C2 verb /rɪˈpaɪn/

repine

se lamenter
Meaning
To feel or express discontent or to long for something.
Example
She did not repine at her misfortune but worked harder to improve her life.
Elle ne s'est pas lamentée de son malheur, mais a travaillé plus dur pour améliorer sa vie.
C2 noun ˈbaɪəʊˌsaɪd

biocide

biocide
Meaning
A chemical substance or microorganism intended to destroy, deter, render harmless, or exert a controlling effect on any harmful organism.
Example
Biocides help control pests and reduce the spread of diseases.
Les biocides aident à contrôler les ravageurs et à réduire la propagation des maladies.
C2 verb /feɪz/

faze

perturber
Meaning
to disturb or disconcert someone; to cause to feel unsettled
Example
She was not fazed by the unexpected question.
Elle n'a pas été perturbée par la question inattendue.
C2 adjective /tɒnˈsɔːriəl/

tonsorial

relatif au barbier
Meaning
relating to barbers or hairdressing
Example
The town's new barber offered a wide range of tonsorial services.
Le nouveau barbier de la ville a offert une large gamme de services tonsoriaux.
C2 adjective /ˈmjuːtɪnəs/

mutinous

mutin
Meaning
refusing to obey authority; rebellious
Example
The soldiers grew mutinous after months without pay.
Les soldats sont devenus mutins après des mois sans salaire.
C2 noun /ˌiː.mɛnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

emendation

rectification
Meaning
a correction or improvement made to a text
Example
The article required several emendations before it was ready for print.
L'article a nécessité plusieurs rectifications avant d'être prêt pour l'impression.
C2 adjective /ˌnjuːmɪzˈmætɪk/

numismatic

numismatique
Meaning
relating to the study or collection of coins, currency, and medals
Example
He has a numismatic collection of rare coins from around the world.
Il possède une collection numismatique de pièces rares provenant du monde entier.
C2 noun /ˈmær.oʊ ʌv ˈplæn.tɪn triː/

Marrow of plantain tree

moelle de l'arbre de plantain
Meaning
the soft inner part of the banana plant stem that is used as a vegetable in cooking
Example
The marrow of plantain tree is commonly used in traditional Bengali cuisine.
La moelle de l'arbre de plantain est couramment utilisée dans la cuisine traditionnelle bengali.
C2 noun /əˌpɒθiˈoʊsɪs/

apotheosis

apothéose, point culminant
Meaning
The highest point of development; the perfect example of something; the elevation of someone to divine status.
Example
Many see the Renaissance as the apotheosis of art and culture in Europe.
Beaucoup considèrent la Renaissance comme l'apothéose de l'art et de la culture en Europe.
C2 adjective /dɪˈluːsəri/

delusory

illusoires
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real.
Example
He was filled with delusory hopes of becoming famous overnight.
Il était rempli de faux espoirs de devenir célèbre du jour au lendemain.
C2 noun /ˌkəʊ.əˈles.əns/

coalescence

coalescence, fusion
Meaning
The process of coming together to form one mass or whole.
Example
The coalescence of different cultures creates diversity.
La coalescence de différentes cultures crée de la diversité.
C2 noun /ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi/

epistemology

épistémologie
Meaning
The branch of philosophy that studies the nature, origin, and scope of knowledge.
Example
Epistemology explores the difference between justified belief and opinion.
L'épistémologie explore la différence entre la croyance justifiée et l'opinion.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

traître
Meaning
deceitful and untrustworthy
Example
The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.
L'espion a été exécuté pour ses actions perfides.
C2 noun /ˈmʌrɪn/

murrain

maladie infectieuse du bétail
Meaning
An infectious disease that affects cattle and other animals, often fatal.
Example
The farmer lost many cows during the outbreak of murrain.
Le fermier a perdu de nombreuses vaches lors de l'épidémie de murrain.
C2 adjective /ɪkˈspɒzɪtəri/

expository

expositif
Meaning
intended to explain or describe something
Example
The teacher gave an expository lecture on the topic.
Le professeur a donné une conférence expositive sur le sujet.
C2 noun /ˈkærəm/

Carom

carvi
Meaning
aromatic seeds of a plant used as a spice, especially in Indian cooking
Example
Carom seeds are often used in traditional Indian bread recipes.
Les graines de carvi sont souvent utilisées dans les recettes traditionnelles de pain indien.
C2 noun /miːd/

mead

hydromel
Meaning
An alcoholic drink made from fermented honey and water.
Example
The Vikings were known to drink large amounts of mead during feasts.
Les Vikings étaient connus pour boire de grandes quantités d'hydromel lors des festins.
C2 noun /waɪl/

wile

ruse, tromperie
Meaning
A trick or clever scheme meant to deceive or outwit someone.
Example
He used every wile to win her trust.
Il a utilisé toutes ses ruses pour gagner sa confiance.
C2 adjective /ˈtriːzənəbl/

treasonable

trahison
Meaning
Relating to or involving the crime of treason.
Example
The general was accused of treasonable conduct.
Le général a été accusé de conduite traitresse.
C2 verb /əˈfaɪəns/

affiance

fiancer
Meaning
to promise or pledge marriage; to formally engage
Example
They decided to affiance after years of friendship.
Ils ont décidé de se fiancer après des années d’amitié.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪbəl/

impassible

impassible
Meaning
Incapable of suffering or feeling pain (used mainly in theological or philosophical contexts).
Example
Some philosophers argue that God is impassible and cannot experience human emotions.
Certains philosophes affirment que Dieu est impassible et ne peut pas éprouver les émotions humaines.
C2 noun /sɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/

Similitude

similitude; ressemblance
Meaning
the quality or state of being similar; resemblance
Example
The similitude between the two paintings suggested they were by the same artist.
La similitude entre les deux peintures a suggéré qu'elles avaient été réalisées par le même artiste.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɛmnɪfaɪ/

indemnify

indemniser
Meaning
to compensate someone for harm or loss; to secure against future damage or cost
Example
The insurance company agreed to indemnify the client for the damages.
La compagnie d'assurance a accepté d'indemniser le client pour les dommages.
C2 adjective /əˈkɪliən/

achillean

achillien
Meaning
like or characteristic of Achilles; strong but vulnerable
Example
His achillean pride made him blind to danger.
Sa fierté achillienne le rendait aveugle au danger.
C2 noun /ˈflɛkʃən/

flection

flexion
Meaning
The act of bending or the state of being bent, especially of a limb or joint.
Example
The doctor tested the patient's knee flection during the examination.
Le médecin a testé la flexion du genou du patient lors de l'examen.
C2 noun /məˈlɑː.ti/

Malati

malati
Meaning
a fragrant climbing plant with small white flowers, commonly known as jasmine
Example
The malati vine covered the garden wall with sweet-smelling flowers.
La vigne de malati a couvert le mur du jardin avec des fleurs au parfum sucré.
C2 noun /ˈtælən/

talon

griffe
Meaning
A claw, especially one belonging to a bird of prey.
Example
The eagle gripped the fish with its sharp talons.
L'aigle a saisi le poisson avec ses griffes acérées.
C2 adjective /ˌɛpɪkjʊˈriːən/

epicurean

épicurien
Meaning
relating to the enjoyment of fine food, drink, and luxury
Example
The chef prepared an epicurean feast for the guests.
Le chef a préparé un festin épicurien pour les invités.
C2 verb /bɪˈfʌdəl/

befuddle

embrouiller
Meaning
to confuse someone completely; to make someone unable to think clearly
Example
The complex instructions befuddled the students.
Les instructions complexes ont embrouillé les étudiants.
C2 noun /ˈbræɡərt/

braggart

vaniteux
Meaning
a person who boasts about achievements or possessions
Example
No one liked him because he was such a braggart.
Personne ne l'aimait car c'était un vaniteux.
C2 adjective /juːˈdʒɛnɪk/

eugenic

génétique
Meaning
Relating to or aiming at improving the genetic quality of a population.
Example
In the early 20th century, some scientists supported eugenic policies.
Au début du 20e siècle, certains scientifiques ont soutenu les politiques eugénistes.
C2 noun /stɛp/

steppe

steppe
Meaning
A large flat area of unforested grassland, especially in southeastern Europe or Siberia.
Example
The nomads traveled across the vast steppe with their herds.
Les nomades ont voyagé à travers la vaste steppe avec leurs troupeaux.
C2 verb /ˌmɪs.əˈtrɪb.juːt/

misattribute

mal attribuer
Meaning
to incorrectly credit something, such as a work or remark, to the wrong person or source
Example
The quote was misattributed to Shakespeare.
La citation a été mal attribuée à Shakespeare.
C2 adjective /ˌhɑːrdˈbɪtn̩/

hard-bitten

endurci et expérimenté
Meaning
tough and experienced, not easily affected by emotions or hardship
Example
The hard-bitten detective showed no sign of surprise at the crime scene.
Le détective expérimenté n'a montré aucun signe de surprise sur la scène du crime.
C2 adjective /ɡlɪb/

glib

superficiel mais insincère
Meaning
speaking easily but without sincerity or depth
Example
The politician gave a glib answer to a serious question.
Le politicien a donné une réponse superficielle à une question sérieuse.
C2 noun /prɪˈfɜːrmənt/

preferment

promotion
Meaning
promotion or advancement in rank, position, or office
Example
He hoped for preferment in the government office.
Il espérait une promotion dans le bureau du gouvernement.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrtləsnəs/

artlessness

simplicité, naturel
Meaning
The quality of being natural and simple without deceit or pretension.
Example
Her artlessness made her beloved by all.
Son artlessness la rendait aimée de tous.
C2 adjective /sɪˈnɒptɪk/

synoptic

synoptique
Meaning
giving a general overview or summary; presenting a broad view
Example
The report offers a synoptic view of climate trends over the past century.
Le rapport offre une vue synoptique des tendances climatiques du siècle dernier.
C2 verb /həˈræŋ/

harangue

faire un long discours passionné et souvent en colère
Meaning
to deliver a long, passionate, and often angry speech
Example
The politician harangued the crowd for over an hour.
Le politicien a fait un discours à la foule pendant plus d'une heure.
C2 noun /ˌsuː.pɚˈfluː.ə.t̬i/

superfluity

superfluité
Meaning
An excessive amount of something; more than what is needed.
Example
The room was filled with a superfluity of decorations.
La pièce était remplie d'une superfluité de décorations.
C2 noun /ˌækwəˈpɒnɪks/

aquaponics

aquaponie
Meaning
A system of aquaculture in which the waste produced by farmed fish or other aquatic animals supplies nutrients for plants grown hydroponically.
Example
Aquaponics efficiently utilizes water by integrating fish and plant farming.
L'aquaponie utilise l'eau efficacement en intégrant l'élevage de poissons et la culture de plantes.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkoʊˈɜːrsəbl̩/

incoercible

incoercible
Meaning
Not capable of being forced, compelled, or restrained.
Example
Her incoercible spirit inspired others to fight for justice.
Son esprit incoercible a inspiré les autres à lutter pour la justice.
C2 noun /rʌmp/

Rump

postérieur; fesses; bas du dos
Meaning
the hindquarters or buttocks; the lower back area
Example
The horse injured its rump during the fall.
Le cheval s'est blessé le postérieur pendant la chute.
C2 adjective /sɪˈlæbɪk/

syllabic

syllabique
Meaning
Relating to or based on syllables.
Example
The teacher explained the syllabic structure of the word.
Le professeur a expliqué la structure syllabique du mot.
C2 verb /kɔːk/

caulk

calfeutrer
Meaning
to seal a crack or gap with a waterproof filler
Example
He caulked the window frames to stop the draft.
Il a calfeutré les cadres de fenêtres pour arrêter le courant d'air.
C2 verb /ˈprɑː.məl.ɡeɪt/

promulgate

promulguer
Meaning
To announce or make a law, decree, or idea officially known.
Example
The government promulgated new regulations on data privacy.
Le gouvernement a promulgué de nouvelles régulations sur la confidentialité des données.
C2 noun /ˈbeɪleɪ/

Bele

poisson bele
Meaning
a type of freshwater fish found in South Asian rivers, known for its distinctive appearance
Example
The bele fish is commonly caught in the rivers of Bangladesh.
Le poisson bele est couramment pêché dans les rivières du Bangladesh.
C2 noun /lænˈtɑː.nə/

Lantana

lantana
Meaning
a tropical flowering plant with clusters of small colorful flowers
Example
The lantana flowers attract butterflies to the garden.
Les fleurs de lantana attirent les papillons dans le jardin.
C2 noun /ˌɛpɪˈsaɪklɔɪd/

epicycloid

épicycloïde
Meaning
a curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls around the outside of another circle
Example
The mathematician demonstrated how to draw an epicycloid.
Le mathématicien a démontré comment dessiner une épicycloïde.
C2 noun /ˌɑːrtʃˈdiːkən/

archdeacon

archidiacre
Meaning
A senior clergyman in the Christian Church ranking below a bishop.
Example
The archdeacon assisted the bishop in administrative duties.
L'archidiacre a aidé l'évêque dans les tâches administratives.
C2 adjective /ˈfæsaɪl/

Facile

facile; superficiel; manquant de profondeur
Meaning
easily achieved; superficial; lacking depth
Example
His facile explanation didn't address the real problem.
Son explication facile n'a pas abordé le vrai problème.
C2 adjective /ˈnɒmɪk/

nomic

relatif à la loi
Meaning
Relating to laws, rules, or systems.
Example
The philosopher discussed the nomic necessity of natural laws.
Le philosophe a discuté de la nécessité nomique des lois naturelles.
C2 noun /ˈsɛntɔːr/

centaur

centaure
Meaning
A mythological creature with the upper body of a human and the lower body of a horse.
Example
The centaur is a well-known figure in Greek mythology.
Le centaure est une figure bien connue de la mythologie grecque.
C2 adjective /ˈrɛd.ələnt/

redolent

odorant
Meaning
having a strong pleasant smell; strongly reminiscent or suggestive of something
Example
The kitchen was redolent of spices and fresh herbs.
La cuisine était odorante d'épices et d'herbes fraîches.
C2 verb ˈlev.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ

levitating

lévitation
Meaning
Rising and hovering in the air, especially as a result of supernatural or magical power.
Example
The levitating structure is an engineering marvel.
La structure lévitante est une merveille d'ingénierie.
C2 noun /loʊd/

lode

filons minéraux
Meaning
A rich source of something, often a vein of valuable metal in the earth.
Example
The miners discovered a rich lode of silver.
Les mineurs ont découvert un riche filon d'argent.
C2 /laɪð/

lithe

souple et gracieux
Meaning
thin, supple, and graceful in movement
Example
The lithe dancer captivated the audience with her graceful spins.
La danseuse souple a captivé le public avec ses pirouettes gracieuses.
C2 noun /əˈspɜːr.ʒən/

aspersion

diffamation
Meaning
An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone.
Example
He cast an aspersion on her character.
Il a jeté une diffamation sur son caractère.
C2 verb /ˈvæsɪleɪt/

vacillate

bonheur
Meaning
to waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
Example
He vacillated between studying law and becoming a writer.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher sa joie lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 verb, noun /ɡaʊdʒ/

gouge

creuser, surfacturer
Meaning
To cut or scoop out a deep hole or groove; to overcharge unfairly.
Example
He accidentally gouged a hole in the wooden table.
Il a accidentellement fait un trou dans la table en bois.
C2 adjective /ˈɡɛə.rɪʃ/

garish

excessivement brillant et voyant
Meaning
Excessively bright and showy, often in a tasteless or unattractive way.
Example
The room was decorated with garish neon lights.
La pièce était décorée avec des lumières néon excessivement brillantes.
C2 adjective /ˈbɛərˌfeɪst/

barefaced

effronté
Meaning
shameless and undisguised; openly bold or unashamed
Example
He told a barefaced lie in front of everyone.
Il a raconté un mensonge effronté devant tout le monde.
C2 adjective /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

conversant

familier, connaisseur
Meaning
familiar with or knowledgeable about something
Example
She is conversant with the latest developments in technology.
Elle est familière avec les derniers développements technologiques.
C2 noun /ˈɜːrtʃɪn/

urchin

gamin des rues
Meaning
a mischievous or poorly dressed child, often from the streets
Example
The ragged urchins played by the riverbank.
Les gamins en haillons jouaient au bord de la rivière.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈmɑː.səˌnɛr.i/

eleemosynary

charitable
Meaning
Relating to charity; dependent on or supported by charity.
Example
The hospital was founded as an eleemosynary institution.
L'hôpital a été fondé en tant qu'institution charitable.
C2 adjective /əˈɡeɪp/ or /əˈɡɑːp/

agape

bouche bée
Meaning
With the mouth wide open in surprise or wonder.
Example
She stood agape at the breathtaking view.
Elle resta bouche bée devant la vue à couper le souffle.
C2 verb /əbˈtruːd/

obtrude

intruser
Meaning
to force oneself or one's ideas into a situation uninvited or inappropriately
Example
He didn’t want to obtrude into their private conversation.
Il ne voulait pas intruser dans leur conversation privée.
C2 adjective /ˈhʌmdrʌm/

humdrum

monotone
Meaning
Lacking excitement or variety; dull and monotonous.
Example
She grew tired of the humdrum routine of office life.
Elle en avait marre de la routine monotone de la vie de bureau.
C2 noun /niˈɒlədʒi/

neology

l'utilisation de nouveaux mots ou l'étude de leur origine
Meaning
The use of new words or the study of their origin.
Example
The professor specialized in neology, studying the creation of modern slang.
Le professeur s'est spécialisé en néologie, étudiant la création du jargon moderne.
C2 adjective /ˌpriːpəˈzɛsɪŋ/

prepossessing

attirant
Meaning
Attractive or appealing in appearance or manner.
Example
She had a prepossessing smile that charmed everyone.
Elle avait un sourire attrayant qui a charmé tout le monde.
C2 adjective /ˌʌnɪmˈpiːtʃəbl/

unimpeachable

irréprochable
Meaning
Not able to be doubted, questioned, or criticized; completely trustworthy.
Example
She is known for her unimpeachable honesty.
Elle est connue pour son honnêteté irréprochable.
C2 noun /ˈpiːs ɡʊdz/

Piece-goods

tissu au mètre
Meaning
textiles or fabrics sold by the yard or meter; cloth materials
Example
The tailor bought piece-goods from the wholesale market to make custom dresses.
Le tailleur a acheté des tissus au mètre au marché de gros pour fabriquer des robes sur mesure.
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌmæn/

underman

manquer de personnel
Meaning
to supply with fewer workers or personnel than needed
Example
The hospital was undermanned during the flu outbreak.
L'hôpital était sous-effectif pendant l'épidémie de grippe.
C2 verb /ˈlɔɪtər/

loiter

traîner, rester sans but
Meaning
To stand or wait around idly without apparent purpose.
Example
The teenagers were told not to loiter outside the shop.
Les adolescents ont été interdits de traîner devant le magasin.
C2 noun ˌsɜːkəmˈspekʃən

circumspection

prudence, éviter les risques
Meaning
The quality of being wary and unwilling to take risks; prudence.
Example
His circumspection ensured no mistakes were made.
Sa prudence a garanti qu'aucune erreur n'a été commise.
C2 noun /ˈpɔːpərɪzəm/

pauperism

pauvreté
Meaning
The state of being extremely poor.
Example
The country struggled with rising pauperism in the 19th century.
Le pays a lutté contre le paupérisme croissant au XIXe siècle.
C2 noun /krɪpˈtɒɡ.rə.fi/

cryptography

pratique de sécuriser les informations par des techniques de cryptage ou de codage
Meaning
The practice of securing information through encryption or coding techniques
Example
Modern cryptography ensures secure online transactions.
La cryptographie moderne garantit des transactions en ligne sécurisées.
C2 adverb /hərˈmɛtɪkli/

hermetically

hermétiquement
Meaning
In a way that is completely airtight or sealed off.
Example
The jars were hermetically sealed to preserve freshness.
Les bocaux ont été hermétiquement scellés pour préserver la fraîcheur.
C2 noun /ˈɡoʊld.moʊ.hɜːr/

Goldmohur

Flamboyant
Meaning
A tropical tree with bright orange-red flowers, also known as flame tree or royal poinciana
Example
The goldmohur tree bloomed beautifully in the summer heat.
L'arbre flamboyant a fleuri magnifiquement sous la chaleur de l'été.
C2 noun /ˈʃaɪstər/

shyster

escroc
Meaning
a person, especially a lawyer, who uses unscrupulous or dishonest methods
Example
The businessman was exposed as a shyster who cheated clients.
L'homme d'affaires a été exposé comme un escroc qui trompait les clients.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/

invective

langage injurieux
Meaning
Insulting, abusive, or highly critical language.
Example
The politician’s speech was filled with invective against his opponents.
Le discours du politicien était rempli d'invectives contre ses adversaires.
C2 noun /ɪˈreɪdiəns/

irradiance

irradiance
Meaning
the quality of shining brightly; the intensity of light falling on a surface
Example
The irradiance of the sun at noon was overwhelming.
L'irradiance du soleil à midi était accablante.
C2 adjective /ˈlæmbənt/

lambent

luisant doucement
Meaning
glowing or flickering softly; having a gentle radiance
Example
The lambent light of the candle filled the room with warmth.
La lumière luisante de la bougie remplit la pièce de chaleur.
C2 adjective /prəˈpʌlsɪv/

propulsive

propulsif
Meaning
Having the power to drive or push something forward.
Example
The propulsive force of the rocket lifted it off the ground.
La force propulsive de la fusée l'a soulevée du sol.
C2 verb /dɪˈkænt/

decant

décanter
Meaning
To pour liquid gently from one container into another, especially without disturbing the sediment.
Example
She carefully decanted the wine into a clean glass.
Elle a soigneusement versé le vin dans un verre propre.
C2 noun /ˈpɛrɪstaɪl/

peristyle

perronne entourée de colonnes
Meaning
A continuous porch formed by a row of columns surrounding the perimeter of a building or courtyard.
Example
The Roman villa featured a beautiful peristyle garden.
La villa romaine présentait un beau jardin péristyle.
C2 verb /ˈæntɪdeɪtɪd/

antedated

daté antérieurement
Meaning
assigned to an earlier date than the actual one; happened earlier
Example
The letter was antedated to appear more official.
La lettre a été antidatée pour paraître plus officielle.
C2 adjective /ˈdɔːnt.ləs/

dauntless

intrépide, courageux, déterminé
Meaning
Showing fearlessness and determination; brave and resolute.
Example
The dauntless soldier fought against all odds.
Le soldat intrépide a combattu contre toutes les adversités.
C2 adjective /ˈɡʌstəˌtɔːri/

gustatory

gustatif
Meaning
relating to the sense of taste
Example
The restaurant offered a gustatory experience unlike any other.
Le restaurant a offert une expérience gustative unique.
C2 noun /pəˈnʌmbrə/

penumbra

zone partiellement ombragée
Meaning
a partially shaded area around the shadow of an object, especially during an eclipse
Example
The moon’s penumbra created a dim shadow over the Earth.
La pénumbra de la lune a créé une ombre tamisée sur la Terre.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪdiəs/

invidious

envieux
Meaning
likely to arouse resentment, envy, or anger in others
Example
The manager's invidious remarks created tension among the employees.
Les remarques envieuses du manager ont créé des tensions parmi les employés.
C2 noun, adjective, verb /ˈrɛprəˌbeɪt/

reprobate

personne immorale
Meaning
A person of immoral character; to express disapproval of; morally corrupt.
Example
The old reprobate spent his days gambling and drinking.
Le vieux réprouvé passait ses journées à parier et à boire.
C2 adjective /ˈdɪlətɔːri/

dilatory

dilatoire
Meaning
Tending to cause delay; slow to act.
Example
The committee was criticized for its dilatory response to the crisis.
Le comité a été critiqué pour sa réponse dilatoire à la crise.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪŋɡwəl/

lingual

relatif à la langue
Meaning
Relating to the tongue or speech.
Example
The dentist examined the patient's lingual surface of the teeth.
Le dentiste a examiné la surface linguale des dents du patient.
C2 verb /ˈmæŋɡəl/

mangle

détruire
Meaning
to severely damage or mutilate something, often by tearing or crushing
Example
The car was mangled in the accident.
La voiture a été détruite dans l'accident.
C2 noun /ˈfriːˌθɪŋkər/

freethinker

librepenseur
Meaning
A person who forms opinions based on reason and independent thought rather than tradition or authority.
Example
Voltaire was considered a great freethinker of his time.
Voltaire a été considéré comme un grand librepenseur de son époque.
C2 noun /fɔːn/

faun

faune (créature mythologique)
Meaning
a mythological creature that is half human and half goat
Example
The sculpture depicted a playful faun dancing in the forest.
La sculpture représentait un faune dansant et jouant dans la forêt.
C2 noun /ˈhʌm.ək/

hummock

butte
Meaning
A small hill, mound, or ridge of earth or ice.
Example
The hikers rested on a grassy hummock by the river.
Les randonneurs se sont reposés sur une butte herbeuse près de la rivière.
C2 noun, verb /ˈtræməl/

trammel

entrave
Meaning
A restriction or impediment to freedom of action; to restrict.
Example
The strict rules trammel the creativity of the students.
Les règles strictes entravent la créativité des étudiants.
C2 adjective /ˈdaʊti/

doughty

courageux
Meaning
brave, valiant, courageous
Example
The doughty soldier never backed down from a challenge.
Le soldat courageux n'a jamais reculé face à un défi.
C2 noun /ˈfæn.feər/

fanfare

grande pompe, publicité
Meaning
a short ceremonial tune or display of publicity to attract attention
Example
The new product was launched with much fanfare.
Le nouveau produit a été lancé avec beaucoup de fanfare.
C2 noun /ˌænəlˈdʒiːziə/

analgesia

analgésie
Meaning
The inability to feel pain while still conscious.
Example
The doctor induced analgesia before performing the procedure.
Le médecin a induit l'analgésie avant de réaliser la procédure.
C2 noun /ˈstænʃən/

stanchion

poteau de support
Meaning
a strong upright bar or post used as support or to control movement
Example
The red rope was attached to the stanchions to guide the crowd.
La corde rouge était attachée aux stanchions pour guider la foule.
C2 adjective /rɪˈflɛktɪbəl/

reflectible

réfléchissable
Meaning
capable of being reflected, as light or an image
Example
The surface of the lake is highly reflectible in the morning sun.
La surface du lac est hautement réfléchissable sous le soleil du matin.
C2 verb /əˈsɪdɪfaɪ/

acidify

acidifier
Meaning
to make something acidic or more acidic
Example
Farmers worry that pollution will acidify the soil.
Les agriculteurs craignent que la pollution acidifie le sol.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɔːrˈdeɪn/

preordain

prédéterminer
Meaning
To decide or determine an outcome in advance, especially by fate or divine will.
Example
They believed their meeting was preordained by destiny.
Ils croyaient que leur rencontre était prédestinée par le destin.
C2 noun ˈsɒmnələns

somnolence

somnolence
Meaning
A state of drowsiness or sleepiness; inclination to sleep.
Example
The somnolence after a heavy meal made it hard to concentrate.
La somnolence après un repas copieux a rendu difficile la concentration.
C2 noun /njuːˈmɪzmətɪst/

numismatist

numismate
Meaning
A person who studies or collects coins, paper currency, and medals.
Example
The numismatist displayed his rare coin collection at the exhibition.
Le numismate a exposé sa collection rare de pièces de monnaie à l'exposition
C2 noun /ˈvɜːrdɪɡriːs/

verdigris

dépôt vert ou bleu
Meaning
A green or bluish deposit that forms on copper, brass, or bronze surfaces due to oxidation.
Example
The old statue was covered in verdigris after years of exposure to the rain.
La vieille statue était couverte de verdigris après des années d'exposition à la pluie.
C2 adjective /fjuːˈɡeɪʃəs/

fugacious

éphémère
Meaning
Lasting only a short time; fleeting or ephemeral.
Example
Youth is beautiful but fugacious.
La jeunesse est belle mais éphémère.
C2 noun /daɪˈvʌldʒəns/

divulgence

divulgation
Meaning
the act of revealing or disclosing something secret or private
Example
The divulgence of company secrets caused a major scandal.
La divulgation des secrets de l'entreprise a provoqué un grand scandale.
C2 noun /ˌviːələnsɛloʊ/

violoncello

violoncelle
Meaning
The full name of the cello, a large string instrument played with a bow and held between the knees.
Example
He practiced the violoncello for hours each day.
Il a pratiqué le violoncelle pendant des heures chaque jour.