Unguarded
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C1 adjective /ʌnˈɡɑː.dɪd/

Unguarded

sans défense, négligent
Meaning
not protected or defended; careless about revealing private thoughts or information
Example
In an unguarded moment, she revealed her true feelings about the project.
Dans un moment sans défense, elle a révélé ses véritables sentiments à propos du projet.
C1 noun /ˈoʊ.mən/

Omen

un signe de bonne ou mauvaise chance future
Meaning
an event regarded as a sign of future good or bad luck
Example
Many people consider a black cat crossing your path a bad omen.
Beaucoup de gens considèrent qu'un chat noir traversant votre chemin est un mauvais présage.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrændioʊs/

grandiose

grandiose
Meaning
Impressive or magnificent in appearance or style, often pretentiously so.
Example
He had grandiose plans of building a futuristic city in the desert.
Il avait des projets grandioses de construire une ville futuriste dans le désert.
C1 noun əˈrɪd.ɪ.ti

aridity

aridité
Meaning
The state of being extremely dry, especially having insufficient rainfall to support vegetation.
Example
The aridity of the land is increasing due to climate change.
L'aridité de la terre augmente en raison du changement climatique.
C1 verb /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/

augment

augmenter
Meaning
To increase or strengthen something.
Example
The company plans to augment its workforce.
L'entreprise prévoit d'augmenter sa main-d'œuvre.
C1 noun /əˈluːʒən/

allusion

allusion
Meaning
An indirect reference to something without mentioning it explicitly.
Example
Her story contained an allusion to a famous myth.
Son histoire contenait une allusion à un mythe célèbre.
C1 adjective /oʊˈvɜːrt/

overt

ouvert
Meaning
Done or shown openly; not hidden or secret.
Example
There was an overt display of hostility between the rivals.
Il y avait une démonstration ouverte d'hostilité entre les rivaux.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɪdʒɪd/

Frigid

glacial; froid intense
Meaning
extremely cold; freezing; icy
Example
The frigid weather made it difficult to go outside.
Le temps glacial rendait difficile de sortir dehors.
C1 adjective /ədˈmɪsəbl/

admissible

admissible
Meaning
acceptable or valid, especially as evidence in a court of law
Example
The judge ruled that the document was admissible as evidence.
Le juge a jugé que le document était admissible comme preuve.
C1 noun /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/

epitome

un exemple parfait d'une qualité ou d'un type particulier; la meilleure représentation de quelque chose
Meaning
A perfect example of a particular quality or type; the best representation of something.
Example
She is the epitome of grace and kindness.
Elle est l'épitomé de la grâce et de la gentillesse.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

fleur cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Les fleurs de cosmos se balançaient doucement dans la brise d'été à travers le pré.
C1 noun /hjuː/

hue

teinte
Meaning
A color or shade.
Example
The artist chose a soft blue hue for the background.
L'artiste a choisi une teinte bleue douce pour l'arrière-plan.
C1 noun /ɪˈleɪʃən/

elation

extase
Meaning
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.
Example
His elation was evident after winning the championship.
Son extase était évidente après avoir gagné le championnat.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊ.tər ˈlɔː.ri/

Motor lorry

camion motorisé
Meaning
a large motor vehicle used for transporting goods; truck
Example
The motor lorry delivered fresh vegetables to the market.
Le camion motorisé a livré des légumes frais au marché.
C1 adjective /ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd/

Agitated

agité; nerveux; inquiet; excité de manière négative
Meaning
disturbed; anxious; restless; excited in a negative way
Example
He became agitated when he heard the bad news.
Il est devenu agité lorsqu'il a entendu les mauvaises nouvelles.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪktəˈtɔːriəl/

dictatorial

dictatorial
Meaning
Having or showing a tendency to tell people what to do in an autocratic way.
Example
His dictatorial style made him unpopular among colleagues.
Son style dictatorial le rendait impopulaire parmi ses collègues.
C1 noun /ˈplez.ən.tri/

Pleasantry

politesse
Meaning
a remark made in order to be polite or friendly; light conversation or jokes
Example
They exchanged pleasantries before the meeting began.
Ils ont échangé des politesses avant que la réunion ne commence.
C1 verb /priːˈɒkjʊpaɪ/

preoccupy

préoccuper
Meaning
To dominate or engross the mind of someone to the exclusion of other thoughts.
Example
Worries about the future preoccupy him constantly.
Les préoccupations concernant l'avenir l'occupent constamment.
C1 adjective /prəˈdɪdʒəs/

prodigious

prodigieux
Meaning
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
Example
The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time.
L'équipe a fait un effort prodigieux pour terminer le projet à temps.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd/

Unchallenged

incontesté; accepté sans opposition; sans rival
Meaning
not disputed or questioned; accepted without opposition; having no rival
Example
He remained the unchallenged champion for five years.
Il est resté le champion incontesté pendant cinq ans.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɪŋ.ɡəl/

Jingle

un son léger produit par des objets métalliques qui s'entrechoquent ; une chanson courte et accrocheuse
Meaning
a light ringing sound such as that made by metal objects being shaken together; a short catchy song
Example
The jingle of keys could be heard as she walked down the hallway.
Le bruit des clés pouvait être entendu pendant qu'elle marchait dans le couloir.
C1 noun /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/

efficacy

efficacité
Meaning
The ability to produce a desired or intended result; effectiveness.
Example
The efficacy of the vaccine has been proven in trials.
L'efficacité du vaccin a été prouvée lors des essais.
C1 verb /ˈkwɪkən/

quicken

accélérer
Meaning
to make or become faster; to accelerate
Example
His pulse began to quicken as he approached the finish line.
Son pouls a commencé à s'accélérer à mesure qu'il s'approchait de la ligne d'arrivée.
C1 adjective /ɪˈfɛm.ər.əl/

ephemeral

éphémère
Meaning
Lasting for a very short time; temporary or transitory.
Example
The beauty of cherry blossoms is ephemeral.
La beauté des fleurs de cerisier est éphémère.
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

stagnation
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
Le chômage élevé a conduit à une stagnation économique.
C1 noun /ˌʌl.tɪˈmeɪ.təm/

Ultimatum

ultimatum
Meaning
a final demand or statement of terms, the rejection of which will result in retaliation
Example
The boss gave him an ultimatum: improve or be fired.
Le patron lui a donné un ultimatum : améliorez-vous ou vous serez renvoyé.
C1 adverb /əˈlɜːrtli/

alertly

attentivement
Meaning
in a watchful, attentive, and quick-to-notice manner
Example
She listened alertly to every sound in the dark forest.
Elle écoutait attentivement chaque bruit dans la forêt sombre.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɪɡ.ər.eɪt/

invigorate

revigorer
Meaning
To give strength or energy to someone or something.
Example
A morning walk can invigorate both body and mind.
Une promenade matinale peut revigorer le corps et l'esprit.
C1 noun /ˈprɑːtɪstənt/

protestant

protestant
Meaning
a member of the Christian church that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
Example
Martin Luther was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther a été une figure clé dans la Réforme protestante.
C1 noun /plaɪt/

Plight

difficulté; situation désastreuse
Meaning
a dangerous, difficult, or unfortunate situation
Example
The refugees were in a desperate plight.
Les réfugiés étaient dans une situation désastreuse.
C1 verb /dɪˈvɒlv/

devolve

déléguer
Meaning
To pass power, responsibility, or duties to another person or group.
Example
The responsibility will devolve on the new manager.
La responsabilité sera transférée au nouveau responsable.
C1 noun/verb /skɜːrdʒ/

scourge

fléau / malédiction
Meaning
A source of great pain or punishment; to whip or inflict suffering on someone.
Example
Disease and poverty remain a scourge in many regions.
La maladie et la pauvreté restent un fléau dans de nombreuses régions.
C1 verb /ˈbɛkən/

beckon

faire signe
Meaning
to signal or call someone to come closer, often with a gesture; to attract or invite
Example
She beckoned him to come closer with a wave of her hand.
Elle lui a fait signe de s’approcher avec la main.
C1 phrase ˈriː.dʒən.əl ˈfɔː.rəm

regional forum

forum régional
Meaning
A meeting or conference where representatives from countries or organizations in a specific geographical area discuss issues of common interest.
Example
The Regional Forum discussed deforestation impacts.
Le forum régional a discuté des impacts de la déforestation.
C1 noun /liˈeɪzɒn/

liaison

liaison
Meaning
communication or cooperation between people or groups for a smooth working relationship
Example
She works as a liaison between the company and its clients.
Elle travaille comme un lien entre l'entreprise et ses clients.
C1 adjective ˈdɔːn.tɪŋ

daunting

intimidant ou difficile
Meaning
Something that seems intimidating or challenging.
Example
The task seemed daunting, but she completed it successfully.
La tâche semblait intimidante, mais elle l'a terminée avec succès.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/

deity

divinité
Meaning
a god or goddess
Example
The temple is dedicated to a Hindu deity.
Le temple est dédié à une divinité hindoue.
C1 noun /ˌdɪspɛnˈseɪʃən/

dispensation

dispense
Meaning
An exemption from a rule or usual requirement; a system of order, government, or control.
Example
The school granted him a special dispensation to skip the exam due to illness.
L'école lui a accordé une dispense spéciale pour ne pas passer l'examen en raison de sa maladie.
C1 noun /ˈsɛntɪˌliːtər/

centiliter

centilitre
Meaning
A metric unit of capacity equal to one hundredth of a liter.
Example
The recipe calls for 20 centiliters of milk.
La recette demande vingt centilitres de lait.
C1 noun /ˈtɛknɪk/

technic

technique
Meaning
A method, skill, or art in a particular field, especially in the arts or sciences.
Example
The artist’s technic in watercolor impressed the judges.
La technique de l'artiste en aquarelle a impressionné les juges.
C1 adjective /prəˈfɛtɪk/

prophetic

prophétique
Meaning
accurately predicting or describing what will happen in the future
Example
His prophetic words came true after many years.
Ses paroles prophétiques se sont réalisées après de nombreuses années.
C1 verb /rɪˈvoʊk/

revoke

révoquer
Meaning
To officially cancel or withdraw a decision, privilege, or right.
Example
The government decided to revoke his passport.
Le gouvernement a décidé de révoquer son passeport.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəsnəs/

industriousness

diligence
Meaning
The quality of being hardworking and diligent.
Example
His industriousness earned him a promotion at work.
Sa diligence lui a valu une promotion au travail.
C1 noun /ˌlɛ.seɪ ˈfɛər/

laissez-faire

politique de non-intervention
Meaning
An economic policy where government does not intervene in business affairs.
Example
Laissez-faire policies encourage private enterprise.
Les politiques de laissez-faire encouragent l'entreprise privée.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtruː.ʒən/

intrusion

intrusion non autorisée
Meaning
Unauthorized entry into a system or place without permission
Example
The company detected an intrusion in its server.
L'entreprise a détecté une intrusion dans son serveur.
C1 verb /ˈbæfəl/

baffle

déconcerter
Meaning
to confuse; to be too difficult to understand
Example
The math problem baffles me completely.
Le problème de mathématiques me déconcerte complètement.
C1 adjective daɪˈvɜː.dʒənt

divergent

divergent
Meaning
Tending to be different or develop in different directions
Example
Divergent policies create challenges in collaboration.
Les politiques divergentes créent des défis dans la collaboration.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.nɪst/

Earnest

sérieux; authentique; montrant une conviction profonde et sérieuse
Meaning
sincere; genuine; showing deep and serious conviction
Example
He made an earnest attempt to solve the problem.
Il a fait une tentative sérieuse pour résoudre le problème.
C1 adjective /bræʃ/

brash

effronté
Meaning
self-assertive in a rude, noisy, or overconfident way
Example
His brash comments offended many people at the meeting.
Ses commentaires effrontés ont offensé de nombreuses personnes à la réunion.
C1 verb /flaʊt/

flout

mépriser
Meaning
To openly disregard or show contempt for a rule or law.
Example
The company was fined for flouting environmental regulations.
L'entreprise a été condamnée à une amende pour avoir enfreint les réglementations environnementales.
C1 verb /proʊˈtruːd/

protrude

dépasser
Meaning
To stick out or extend beyond a surface.
Example
A nail was protruding from the wooden board.
Un clou dépassait du panneau de bois.
C1 noun /jiːst/

Yeast

levure
Meaning
microorganisms used in baking and brewing to cause fermentation
Example
Add yeast to the flour to make the bread rise.
Ajoutez de la levure à la farine pour faire lever le pain.
C1 adjective /ˈpɪər.ləs/

Peerless

incomparable; sans égal; sans rival
Meaning
unequaled; having no match or equal; without rival
Example
Her peerless beauty captivated everyone.
Sa beauté incomparable a captivé tout le monde.
C1 noun /ˈmælədi/

Malady

maladie; affection; trouble
Meaning
A disease or ailment; a serious problem
Example
The doctor diagnosed a rare malady that affected her nervous system.
Le médecin a diagnostiqué une maladie rare qui a affecté son système nerveux.
C1 noun ˌrev.əˈluː.ʃən.ər.i ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv

revolutionary initiative

initiative révolutionnaire
Meaning
A groundbreaking action or plan that brings about significant change or transformation.
Example
The revolutionary initiative promotes sustainable energy.
L'initiative révolutionnaire promeut l'énergie durable.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːr.i liːvz/

Curry Leaves

feuilles de curry
Meaning
aromatic leaves from the curry tree used in South Asian cooking
Example
Fresh curry leaves add authentic flavor to Indian dishes.
Les feuilles de curry fraîches ajoutent une saveur authentique aux plats indiens.
C1 adjective /ˌʌn.əˈdʌl.tə.reɪ.tɪd/

Unadulterated

pur
Meaning
not mixed or diluted with any different or extra elements; pure
Example
She felt unadulterated joy when she heard the news.
Elle a ressenti une joie pure lorsqu'elle a entendu la nouvelle.
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

ceder
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
Le pays a cédé du territoire après avoir perdu la guerre.
C1 noun /ˌprɑːfɪˈtɪr/

profiteer

profiteur
Meaning
a person who makes excessive profits, especially unfairly or illegally
Example
The government punished war profiteers.
Le gouvernement a puni les profiteurs de guerre.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈtrʌst/

Mistrust

méfiance
Meaning
Lack of trust; suspicion or doubt about someone or something
Example
There was deep mistrust between the two political parties.
Il y avait une profonde méfiance entre les deux partis politiques.
C1 noun /taɪˈpɒɡrəfi/

typography

typographie
Meaning
the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible and visually appealing
Example
Good typography improves the readability of a website.
Une bonne typographie améliore la lisibilité d'un site web.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɪsɪt/

elicit

éliciter
Meaning
To draw out a response, answer, or reaction from someone.
Example
The teacher’s question elicited thoughtful answers from the students.
La question du professeur a suscité des réponses réfléchies des élèves.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

forcé quelqu'un à rejoindre l'armée
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
Le gouvernement a conscrit des jeunes hommes pendant la guerre.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈɪndɪˌsiːz/

indices

indices
Meaning
plural form of index; statistical measures or reference points used for comparison
Example
Stock market indices fell sharply after the announcement.
Les indices du marché boursier ont chuté fortement après l'annonce.
C1 verb /ˈrævɪdʒ/

ravage

ravager
Meaning
to cause severe and extensive damage or destruction
Example
The hurricane ravaged the coastal villages.
L'ouragan a ravagé les villages côtiers.
C1 verb /ˌriːɪnˈtɪɡreɪt/

reintegrate

réintégrer
Meaning
To bring someone or something back into a group or society after being separated.
Example
The program helps prisoners reintegrate into society.
Le programme aide les prisonniers à se réintégrer dans la société.
C1 verb /mæʃ/

mash

écraser
Meaning
to crush or mix food into a soft mass, usually by pressing or beating
Example
She mashed the potatoes before serving dinner.
elle a écrasé les pommes de terre avant de servir le dîner.
C1 noun ˌeə.rəʊ.daɪˈnæm.ɪks

aerodynamics

aérodynamique
Meaning
The study of the properties of moving air and the interaction between the air and solid bodies moving through it.
Example
The aerodynamics of an aircraft determines its speed and efficiency.
L'aérodynamique d'un avion détermine sa vitesse et son efficacité.
C1 noun /əˈfen.dər/

Offender

délinquant; infractionniste de la loi
Meaning
a person who commits an illegal act; someone who breaks the law
Example
The young offender was sentenced to community service.
Le jeune délinquant a été condamné à des travaux d'intérêt général.
C1 noun /ˈpærəˌlɛlɪzəm/

parallelism

parallélisme
Meaning
The state of being parallel or similar; in literature, the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same or similar in construction.
Example
The writer used parallelism to give rhythm to his prose.
L'écrivain a utilisé le parallélisme pour donner du rythme à sa prose.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnər/

tenor

ténor / ton général
Meaning
the general meaning, drift, or character of something; a male singing voice between baritone and alto
Example
The overall tenor of his speech was hopeful and reassuring.
Le ton général de son discours était plein d'espoir et rassurant.
C1 adjective /ɔːˈdeɪ.ʃəs/

Audacious

audacieux
Meaning
showing willingness to take bold risks; daring
Example
His audacious plan to climb the mountain without proper equipment shocked everyone.
Son plan audacieux de gravir la montagne sans équipement approprié a choqué tout le monde.
C1 adjective /məˈnɒtənəs/

Monotonous

monotone; ennuyeux; répétitif
Meaning
lacking in variety; tediously unvarying; boring and repetitive
Example
The monotonous sound of the rain made everyone feel sleepy.
Le bruit monotone de la pluie a rendu tout le monde somnolent.
C1 noun /ˈhiːdəˌnɪzəm/

hedonism

hédonisme
Meaning
The pursuit of pleasure and self-indulgence as the highest goal.
Example
The lifestyle of the rich is often criticized as pure hedonism.
Le mode de vie des riches est souvent critiqué comme étant un pur hédonisme.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

insupportable
Meaning
Too extreme to bear; intolerable.
Example
The heat during the summer was insufferable.
La chaleur pendant l'été était insupportable.
C1 noun /ˌdɛsɪˈmeɪʃən/

decimation

décimation
Meaning
The act of destroying or killing a large proportion of something.
Example
The decimation of the city left thousands homeless.
La décimation de la ville a laissé des milliers de sans-abri.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈsteɪtɪd/

unstated

non exprimé
Meaning
not expressed directly in words; implied or left unsaid
Example
The contract included several unstated expectations.
Le contrat incluait plusieurs attentes non exprimées.
C1 noun /ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dɚ.i/

camaraderie

camaraderie, amitié, solidarité
Meaning
Mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.
Example
The camaraderie among teammates was inspiring.
La camaraderie entre les coéquipiers était inspirante.
C1 noun /ˈroʊ.lɪŋ bɔːrd/

Rolling board

planche à rouler
Meaning
a flat wooden or marble surface used for rolling out dough
Example
She placed the dough on the rolling board.
Elle a placé la pâte sur la planche à rouler.
C1 noun /ˌtrɛpɪˈdeɪʃən/

trepidation

appréhension
Meaning
a feeling of fear or anxiety about something that may happen
Example
She opened the letter with some trepidation.
Elle a ouvert la lettre avec une certaine appréhension.
C1 adverb /ˈiːstwədz/

Eastwards

vers l'est
Meaning
towards the east; in an eastern direction
Example
The river flows eastwards into the ocean.
La rivière coule vers l'est dans l'océan.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrækʃən/

extraction

extraction
Meaning
the act of removing something, especially by pulling it out
Example
The extraction of oil from the ground requires special equipment.
L'extraction de pétrole du sol nécessite des équipements spéciaux.
C1 verb /krɪndʒ/

cringe

se recroqueviller
Meaning
To shrink back in fear, embarrassment, or discomfort.
Example
She cringed when she remembered her mistake.
Elle s'est recroquevillée lorsqu'elle se souvint de son erreur.
C1 adjective ɪnˈdel.ə.bəl

indelible

indélébile
Meaning
Making marks that cannot be removed; impossible to forget or remove.
Example
Her speech left an indelible mark on the audience.
Son discours a laissé une marque indélébile sur le public.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɛniəm/

millennium

millénaire
Meaning
a period of one thousand years; often used to mark an anniversary
Example
The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of a new millennium.
L'année 2000 a été célébrée comme le début d'un nouveau millénaire.
C1 verb /ˈluːbrɪkeɪt/

lubricate

lubrifier
Meaning
to apply oil or grease to reduce friction between surfaces
Example
The mechanic lubricated the car engine parts.
Le mécanicien a lubrifié les pièces du moteur de la voiture.
C1 verb /pərˈtɜːrb/

perturb

perturber
Meaning
To disturb or unsettle greatly in mind.
Example
The sudden noise perturbed the students during the exam.
Le bruit soudain a perturbé les étudiants pendant l'examen.
C1 noun /ˈkrɒkəri/

crockery

vaisselle
Meaning
Dishes, plates, cups, and other items made of earthenware or china.
Example
The hotel provided clean crockery for the guests.
L'hôtel a fourni de la vaisselle propre pour les invités.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbl/

insurmountable

insurmontable
Meaning
Too great to be overcome.
Example
The explorers faced insurmountable odds in the desert.
Les explorateurs ont fait face à des obstacles insurmontables dans le désert.
C1 adverb /ˈfeɪ.təl.i/

Fatally

fatalement
Meaning
in a way that causes death; with deadly consequences; critically
Example
The accident fatally injured two passengers.
L'accident a blessé deux passagers de manière fatale.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.təˈstel.ər

interstellar

entre les étoiles, interstellaire, cosmique
Meaning
Occurring or situated between stars.
Example
Scientists study interstellar travel possibilities.
Les scientifiques étudient les possibilités de voyages interstellaires.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

leadership proactif
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
Le leadership proactif garantit des décisions opportunes.
C1 noun ˌrɛk.əˈlɛk.ʃən

Recollection

souvenir
Meaning
Remembering past events or information
Example
His recollection of childhood memories was vivid.
Son souvenir de son enfance était vif.
C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

solstice
Meaning
the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)
Example
People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.
Les gens célèbrent le solstice d'été avec des festivals et des rituels.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈmɔːrəl/

amoral

amoral
Meaning
Lacking a moral sense; unconcerned with rightness or wrongness of something.
Example
The character in the novel was portrayed as completely amoral.
Le personnage dans le roman a été dépeint comme complètement amoral.
C1 adjective /əˈbliːk/

Oblique

oblique; diagonal; indirect ou évasif
Meaning
slanting; diagonal; indirect or evasive
Example
The artist drew an oblique line across the canvas.
L'artiste a tracé une ligne oblique sur la toile.
C1 noun ˌnæn.oʊ.tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

nanotechnology

nanotechnologie
Meaning
The branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometers.
Example
Nanotechnology is advancing medical treatments.
La nanotechnologie fait progresser les traitements médicaux.
C1 verb /ˈməʊbɪlaɪz/

mobilize

mobiliser
Meaning
to organize or prepare people or resources for action
Example
The leader worked hard to mobilize the community for the protest.
Le leader a travaillé dur pour mobiliser la communauté pour la protestation.
C1 verb /daɪˈleɪt/

dilate

dilater
Meaning
To make wider, larger, or more open.
Example
The doctor used drops to dilate the patient's pupils.
Le médecin a utilisé des gouttes pour dilater les pupilles du patient.
C1 verb /ɪnˈterəˌɡeɪt/

interrogate

interroger
Meaning
to ask someone questions in a thorough and formal way; to question intensively
Example
The police interrogated the suspect for hours.
La police a interrogé le suspect pendant des heures.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈpaʊər/

overpower

dominer
Meaning
To defeat or gain control over someone or something by using greater strength or force.
Example
The soldiers managed to overpower the enemy forces.
Les soldats ont réussi à dominer les forces ennemies.
C1 verb /ˈwɒd.əl/

waddle

marcher en titubant
Meaning
to walk with short steps and a clumsy swaying motion, like a duck
Example
The duck waddled across the yard.
Le canard a marché en titubant à travers la cour.
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

compactement
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
Les protons et les neutrons sont disposés de manière compacte.
C1 noun /ɪmˈprɪzənmənt/

imprisonment

emprisonnement
Meaning
the act of putting someone in prison; the state of being confined as punishment
Example
He faced imprisonment for violating the court order.
Il a fait face à l'emprisonnement pour avoir violé l'ordre du tribunal.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɛntri/

gentry

haute société
Meaning
People of good social position, usually of high birth or wealthy landowners
Example
The gentry of the town gathered for the annual ball.
La haute société de la ville s'est réunie pour le bal annuel.
C1 adjective /stjuːˈpɛndəs/

stupendous

stupéfiant
Meaning
extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence
Example
The magician’s performance was simply stupendous.
La performance du magicien était tout simplement stupéfiante.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutation
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
Le puzzle peut être résolu en essayant toutes les permutations possibles des tuiles.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnænɪmət/

inanimate

objet inanimé
Meaning
not alive, especially not in the manner of animals and humans; lifeless
Example
The museum was full of inanimate objects from ancient times.
Le musée était rempli d'objets inanimés datant de l'époque ancienne.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɒnɪsəns/

reconnaissance

reconnaissance
Meaning
A survey or exploration, especially for military or strategic purposes.
Example
The soldiers conducted a reconnaissance of the enemy camp.
Les soldats ont mené une reconnaissance du camp ennemi.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈvæljuː/

undervalue

sous-estimer
Meaning
To assign too low a value or importance to something or someone.
Example
She felt that her boss consistently undervalued her contributions.
Elle sentait que son patron ne valorisait pas constamment ses contributions.
C1 verb /ˈkriːmeɪt/

cremate

incinérer
Meaning
to burn a dead body to ashes as a funeral rite
Example
According to his wishes, they cremated his body after the funeral.
Selon ses volontés, ils ont incinéré son corps après les funérailles.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

impertinent

impertinent
Meaning
rude and showing a lack of respect
Example
It was impertinent of him to question the manager's decision.
C'était impertinent de sa part de remettre en question la décision du manager.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈdɔːrnd/

unadorned

simple, sans décorations
Meaning
Plain and simple; not decorated.
Example
The room was unadorned, with only a table and a chair.
La pièce était simple, avec seulement une table et une chaise.
C1 noun /ˈmɪlɪtəˌrɪzəm/

militarism

militarisme
Meaning
The belief in maintaining a strong military and using it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
Example
The rise of militarism in the region caused tension among neighboring countries.
L'essor du militarisme dans la région a provoqué des tensions entre les pays voisins.
C1 noun /ˌpɒməˈdɔːrəʊ/

pomodoro

pomodoro
Meaning
A time management technique that uses a timer to break down work into intervals.
Example
The Pomodoro technique improves productivity.
La technique Pomodoro améliore la productivité.
C1 verb /ɡleɪz/

glaze

glacer
Meaning
to cover with a smooth, shiny surface; to coat with a glossy finish
Example
The chef glazed the cake with chocolate.
Le chef a glacé le gâteau avec du chocolat.
C1 noun /ˈkɒndɪmənt/

condiment

condiment
Meaning
a substance such as salt, mustard, or ketchup that is used to add flavor to food
Example
Ketchup is a popular condiment in many countries.
Le ketchup est un condiment populaire dans de nombreux pays.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɛntrɪk/

concentric

concentrique
Meaning
having a common center, as in circles or spheres
Example
The artist drew concentric circles on the canvas.
L'artiste a dessiné des cercles concentriques sur la toile.
C1 noun /frəˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

fragility

fragilité
Meaning
The quality of being fragile; delicateness.
Example
The cornea's fragility increases with rubbing.
La fragilité de la cornée augmente avec le frottement.
C1 noun /nuːs/

Noose

noeud coulant
Meaning
a loop with a running knot used for hanging; a trap or snare
Example
The cowboy made a noose to catch the wild horse.
Le cowboy a fait un nœud coulant pour attraper le cheval sauvage.
C1 verb /ˈfrɒlɪk/

frolic

jouer joyeusement
Meaning
to play and move about cheerfully, energetically, or playfully
Example
The children frolicked in the garden all afternoon.
Les enfants ont joué joyeusement dans le jardin toute l'après-midi.