Uncivilized
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C1 adjective /ʌnˈsɪvəlaɪzd/

Uncivilized

non civilisé; sauvage;
Meaning
not developed in terms of civilization; lacking social organization and culture; barbarous
Example
The explorers encountered an uncivilized tribe deep in the Amazon rainforest.
Les explorateurs ont rencontré une tribu non civilisée au cœur de la forêt amazonienne.
C1 noun ˈpɜː.mə.kʌl.tʃər

permaculture

permaculture
Meaning
The development of agricultural ecosystems intended to be sustainable and self-sufficient.
Example
Permaculture promotes self-sufficient farming systems.
La permaculture promeut des systèmes agricoles autonomes.
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʌn.dənt/

redundant

superflu
Meaning
Not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
Example
The report contained redundant information.
Le rapport contenait des informations superflues.
C1 verb /brɔɪl/

broil

griller
Meaning
To cook food by direct heat, usually under a grill or over a fire.
Example
She broiled the chicken until it was golden brown.
Elle a rôti le poulet jusqu'à ce qu'il devienne doré.
C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

aboutissement. Le point culminant ou le plus élevé de quelque chose, généralement atteint après beaucoup de temps.
Meaning
The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.
Example
The project reached its culmination after years of effort.
Le projet a atteint son aboutissement après des années d'efforts.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪniə/

Mania

manie; enthousiasme extrême
Meaning
Mental illness marked by periods of great excitement; extreme enthusiasm
Example
She had a mania for collecting vintage postcards from around the world.
Elle avait une manie de collectionner des cartes postales anciennes du monde entier.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

éclat
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Il s'est coupé le doigt avec un éclat de verre.
C1 verb /ˌɪn.trəˈspekt/

introspect

introspecter
Meaning
To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or mental state.
Example
He often introspects before making important decisions.
Il se livre souvent à de l'introspection avant de prendre des décisions importantes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəbl/

intelligible

intelligible
Meaning
Able to be understood; clear enough to be comprehended.
Example
Her speech was barely intelligible over the noise.
Son discours était à peine intelligible à cause du bruit.
C1 adjective /ˈperɪɡrɪn/

Peregrine

errant; migratoire; voyageur
Meaning
wandering; traveling; migratory
Example
The peregrine falcon is known for its incredible speed.
Le faucon pèlerin est connu pour sa vitesse incroyable.
C1 noun /teɪnt/

Taint

tache; marque; corruption ou contamination
Meaning
a stain or mark that spoils something; corruption or contamination
Example
The scandal left a permanent taint on his reputation.
Le scandale a laissé une tache permanente sur sa réputation.
C1 verb /mɪns/

mince

hacher finement
Meaning
to cut into very small pieces; to walk with short quick steps
Example
She minced the garlic for the recipe.
Elle a haché l'ail pour la recette.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkjʊˈbeɪʃən/

incubation

le processus de maintenir des œufs, des cellules ou des organismes dans les conditions appropriées pour leur développement
Meaning
the process of keeping eggs, cells, or organisms in the right conditions for development
Example
The incubation of the eggs lasted for three weeks.
L'incubation des œufs a duré trois semaines.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊ.və/

Nova

nova
Meaning
a star that suddenly increases greatly in brightness
Example
Astronomers discovered a new nova in the constellation.
Les astronomes ont découvert une nouvelle nova dans la constellation.
C1 noun/verb ˈpɪv.ət

pivot

changement stratégique, pivot, changement de processus
Meaning
A significant change in business strategy or direction.
Example
The company decided to pivot its business strategy.
L'entreprise a décidé de modifier sa stratégie commerciale.
C1 noun /ˈstɒpɪdʒ/

stoppage

arrêt; interruption
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing; a halt in operation or activity
Example
The sudden stoppage of the train caused delays for all passengers.
L'arrêt soudain du train a provoqué des retards pour tous les passagers.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

indestructible
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
On disait que le bouclier du super-héros était indestructible.
C1 noun /ˌɪnækˈtɪvɪti/

inactivity

inactivité
Meaning
the state of not being active physically or mentally; lack of action
Example
Prolonged inactivity can negatively affect both physical and mental health.
Une inactivité prolongée peut nuire à la santé physique et mentale.
C1 adjective /ˈlaɪf.laɪk/

lifelike

réaliste
Meaning
Very similar to a real person, object, or scene; realistic.
Example
The wax figure was so lifelike that people thought it was a real person.
La figurine en cire était si réaliste que les gens ont pensé que c'était une vraie personne.
C1 noun /ˈpɛdlər/

peddler

vendeur ambulant
Meaning
a person who sells goods, often traveling from place to place
Example
The peddler walked through the village selling fresh fruits.
Le vendeur ambulant traversait le village en vendant des fruits frais.
C1 noun/verb /pɔːr/

pore

pore / étudier attentivement
Meaning
As a noun: a tiny opening in the skin or surface. As a verb: to study something carefully.
Example
She pored over the documents for hours before making a decision.
Elle a étudié les documents pendant des heures avant de prendre une décision.
C1 noun njuːˈtræl.ə.ti

neutrality

neutralité
Meaning
The state of not supporting or helping either side in a conflict, disagreement, etc.; impartiality.
Example
Neutrality fosters trust in decision-making.
La neutralité favorise la confiance dans la prise de décision.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːrksəm/

irksome

énervant
Meaning
annoying or irritating
Example
Waiting in a long line is one of the most irksome tasks.
Attendre dans une longue file est l'une des tâches les plus énervantes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɜːrmənəbl/

interminable

interminable
Meaning
Seemingly endless; having no apparent end.
Example
The meeting felt interminable and exhausting.
La réunion semblait interminable et épuisante.
C1 adjective /əˈblɪɡ.ə.tɔː.ri/

obligatory

obligatoire
Meaning
Required by a legal, moral, or other rule; compulsory.
Example
Wearing a seatbelt is obligatory in most countries.
Porter une ceinture de sécurité est obligatoire dans la plupart des pays.
C1 verb /priːˈɛmpt/

pre-empt

prévenir à l'avance
Meaning
to act in advance to prevent an anticipated event from happening; forestall
Example
The government moved to pre-empt a crisis by introducing new policies.
Le gouvernement a agi pour prévenir une crise en introduisant de nouvelles politiques.
C1 adjective /ˈbʊkɪʃ/

Bookish

étudieux; érudit
Meaning
studious; scholarly; devoted to reading and studying
Example
She was known for her bookish nature and love of literature.
Elle était connue pour sa nature studieuse et son amour de la littérature.
C1 noun /ˈæntɪˌdoʊt/

antidote

antidote
Meaning
A substance that neutralizes the effects of a poison; something that relieves or counteracts.
Example
The doctor quickly administered an antidote to the snake venom.
Le médecin a rapidement administré un antidote pour le venin de serpent.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈlaɪ.tənd/

Enlightened

éclairé; illuminé; sage;
Meaning
having or showing a rational, modern outlook; having spiritual knowledge or understanding
Example
The enlightened teacher shared wisdom with all her students.
Le professeur éclairé a partagé la sagesse avec tous ses étudiants.
C1 adjective /prɪˈkoʊʃəs/

precocious

prématuré
Meaning
Showing advanced development or maturity at an unusually early age.
Example
The precocious child was reading novels at the age of five.
L'enfant prématuré lisait des romans à l'âge de cinq ans.
C1 verb pleɪɡd

plagued

affligé
Meaning
Troubled or afflicted persistently by problems or difficulties.
Example
People are plagued by anxiety and depression.
Les gens sont affligés par l'anxiété et la dépression.
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

profus
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
Il a offert de profonds remerciements pour leur aide opportune.
C1 noun /ˈsɪləbəl/

syllable

syllabe
Meaning
A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or part of a word.
Example
The word 'computer' has three syllables.
Le mot 'ordinateur' a trois syllabes.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

irrépressible
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
Elle ne pouvait cacher son irrépressible envie de rire pendant le discours.
C1 noun /məˈdɜːrnəti/

modernity

modernité
Meaning
The quality or condition of being modern; up-to-date ideas, practices, or style.
Example
The city’s architecture reflects both tradition and modernity.
L'architecture de la ville reflète à la fois la tradition et la modernité.
C1 verb /rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt/

reverberate

réverbérer
Meaning
To echo repeatedly or have continuing effects.
Example
The sound of the explosion reverberated through the valley.
Le son de l'explosion a réverbéré à travers la vallée.
C1 verb /ˈkaʊər/

cower

se recroqueviller de peur
Meaning
to crouch down in fear
Example
The child cowered behind the sofa during the thunderstorm.
L'enfant se coucha derrière le canapé pendant l'orage.
C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

rationaliser ou augmenter l'efficacité
Meaning
To make a process simpler and more efficient.
Example
The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.
L'entreprise vise à simplifier la production pour réduire les coûts.
C1 noun /ˌluː.brɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

lubrication

lubrification
Meaning
The action of applying a substance to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact.
Example
Lubrication of the eyes is essential for well-being.
La lubrification des yeux est essentielle pour le bien-être.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ/

exhilarating

exaltant
Meaning
Making someone feel very excited, happy, or thrilled.
Example
Skydiving was the most exhilarating experience of his life.
Le parachutisme a été l'expérience la plus exaltante de sa vie.
C1 adverb ˌekspəˈnenʃəli

exponentially

exponentiellement
Meaning
At a rapidly increasing rate; growing or expanding very quickly and intensely.
Example
Internet adoption is growing exponentially worldwide.
L'adoption d'Internet croît de manière exponentielle dans le monde entier.
C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

éviter
Meaning
to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility
Example
He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.
Il essaie toujours d'éviter ses responsabilités au travail.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈɡoʊ/

forgo

renoncer
Meaning
to decide not to do or have something
Example
She decided to forgo dessert to maintain her diet.
Elle a décidé de renoncer au dessert pour maintenir son régime.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːv/

reprieve

délai temporaire / suspension de la punition
Meaning
A temporary relief or delay from something unpleasant; to postpone or cancel punishment.
Example
The prisoner was granted a last-minute reprieve from execution.
Le prisonnier a obtenu un sursis de dernière minute avant l'exécution.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.raɪt.nəs/

Uprightness

rectitude; intégrité
Meaning
the quality of being honest and morally correct; integrity
Example
His uprightness in business dealings earned him great respect.
Sa droiture dans les affaires lui a valu un grand respect.
C1 verb /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/

alienate

aliéner
Meaning
To make someone feel isolated or estranged; to cause someone to become unfriendly.
Example
His rude behavior alienated many of his friends.
Son comportement grossier a aliéné beaucoup de ses amis.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstɔːr.ʃən/

extortion

extorsion
Meaning
the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats
Example
The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner.
L'homme d'affaires a été arrêté pour extorsion après avoir menacé son partenaire.
C1 noun /ˈæmpɛər/

ampere

ampère
Meaning
A unit of electric current in the International System of Units (SI), symbolized as A.
Example
The current flowing through the wire is measured in amperes.
Le courant qui traverse le fil est mesuré en ampères.
C1 adjective dɪ ˈskrɛʃ.ən.er.i

discretionary

discrétionnaire
Meaning
Available for use at the discretion of the user; not required or mandatory.
Example
He set aside some discretionary income for travel.
Il a mis de côté un revenu discrétionnaire pour voyager.
C1 adjective /stjuːˈpɛndəs/

stupendous

stupéfiant
Meaning
extremely impressive; amazing in size, degree, or excellence
Example
The magician’s performance was simply stupendous.
La performance du magicien était tout simplement stupéfiante.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntɪmeɪtɪŋ/

unintimating

sans indices
Meaning
Not giving a hint or suggestion; not indicating.
Example
His unintimating tone gave no clue of his true feelings.
Son ton sans indices n'a donné aucun indice de ses véritables sentiments.
C1 verb /ˈɡræpəl/

grapple

lutter, se battre
Meaning
to struggle or wrestle with something, often a problem or opponent
Example
The company is grappling with financial difficulties.
L'entreprise lutte avec des difficultés financières.
C1 adverb /ˈhɑr.tɪ.li/

Heartily

chaleureusement; de tout cœur
Meaning
in a sincere and enthusiastic manner; wholeheartedly
Example
She heartily welcomed her guests to the party.
Elle a chaleureusement accueilli ses invités à la fête.
C1 noun /ˈfaɪər.wɔːl/

firewall

pare-feu
Meaning
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
Example
A firewall protects networks from cyber-attacks.
Un pare-feu protège les réseaux des cyberattaques.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

spectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
Le vieux manoir avait une atmosphère spectrale la nuit.
C1 noun /klæn/

clan

clan
Meaning
a large family group or a close-knit community with shared interests or ancestry
Example
The entire clan gathered to celebrate the festival.
Le clan entier s'est réuni pour célébrer le festival.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːmieɪt/

permeate

perméer, envahir, se propager
Meaning
Spread throughout (something); pervade.
Example
The scent of fresh flowers permeated the entire room.
Le parfum des fleurs fraîches a pénétré toute la pièce.
C1 noun /rɑk sɔlt/

Rock Salt

sel de roche
Meaning
natural salt crystals formed from evaporated ancient seas; unrefined salt
Example
Rock salt is considered healthier than table salt.
Le sel de roche est considéré comme plus sain que le sel de table.
C1 verb /wɪðˈhoʊld/

withhold

retenir
Meaning
to refuse to give or keep back something
Example
The company decided to withhold his bonus.
L'entreprise a décidé de retenir son bonus.
C1 adjective /stiːpt/

steeped

imprégné
Meaning
Completely surrounded by or filled with a particular quality, influence, or experience.
Example
The town is steeped in history and tradition.
La ville est imprégnée d'histoire et de tradition.
C1 adjective /ɪˈniː.bri.eɪ.tɪd/

inebriated

ivrogne
Meaning
under the influence of alcohol; drunk
Example
He stumbled into the room completely inebriated.
Il est entré dans la pièce complètement ivre.
C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

tristesse, douleur
Meaning
the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching
Example
The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.
La tristesse de l'adieu a fait couler des larmes dans les yeux de tout le monde.
C1 verb /swɜːrv/

swerve

changer brusquement de direction
Meaning
to change direction suddenly, especially to avoid hitting something
Example
The car swerved to avoid the dog.
La voiture a changé brusquement de direction pour éviter le chien.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.və.luː.tɪd

convoluted

compliqué
Meaning
Extremely complex and difficult to follow; twisted or intricate.
Example
His argument was so convoluted that no one understood it.
Son argument était tellement compliqué que personne ne l'a compris.
C1 noun /væt/

vat

grand réservoir
Meaning
A large container used for holding liquids such as dye or wine.
Example
The workers filled the vat with freshly pressed grape juice.
Les travailleurs ont rempli le grand réservoir avec du jus de raisin fraîchement pressé.
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrθˌraɪt/

forthright

direct
Meaning
Direct and honest in speech or behavior; straightforward.
Example
She was forthright in her criticism of the policy.
Elle a été directe dans sa critique de la politique.
C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

prétentieux
Meaning
having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others
Example
She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.
Elle semblait prétentieuse parce qu'elle a évité de parler aux serveurs.
C1 noun/adjective /kənˈfɛdərət/

confederate

confédéré
Meaning
a person, group, or state joined in an alliance or union; relating to a confederacy
Example
The confederate soldiers fought bravely in the war.
Les soldats confédérés ont combattu courageusement dans la guerre.
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

contextualiser
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
Le professeur a contextualisé l'événement historique pour le rendre plus pertinent pour les étudiants.
C1 adverb ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪ.kli

intrinsically

intrinsèquement
Meaning
In a way that is naturally or inherently part of something's essential nature.
Example
Some people are intrinsically motivated to learn.
Certaines personnes sont intrinsèquement motivées à apprendre.
C1 noun, verb /əˈsɛnt/

assent

assentiment
Meaning
To agree to something, especially after careful consideration; an expression of approval.
Example
She nodded her head in silent assent.
Elle a hoché la tête en silence.
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

ceder
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
Le pays a cédé du territoire après avoir perdu la guerre.
C1 noun /ˈwɪzərdri/

wizardry

magie habile
Meaning
The art or practice of magic; great skill or expertise in something.
Example
The programmer's wizardry amazed everyone in the room.
La sorcellerie du programmeur a étonné tout le monde dans la salle.
C1 noun /ˈɛkstrəˌvɜːrt/

extrovert

extraverti
Meaning
a person who is outgoing, sociable, and energized by being around other people
Example
As an extrovert, she enjoys meeting new people at social events.
En tant qu'extravertie, elle aime rencontrer de nouvelles personnes lors d'événements sociaux.
C1 noun /jiːld ˌɒptɪmaɪˈzeɪʃən/

yield optimization

optimisation du rendement
Meaning
The process of maximizing the productivity or efficiency of crop production through various agricultural techniques and practices.
Example
Yield optimization techniques can significantly improve crop production.
Les techniques d'optimisation du rendement peuvent améliorer considérablement la production de cultures.
C1 noun /ˈsæf.rən/

Saffron

safran
Meaning
a deep yellow-orange color; an expensive spice derived from crocus flowers
Example
The saffron fabric looked beautiful in the sunlight.
Le tissu de safran avait l'air magnifique au soleil.
C1 noun /ɡəˈzet/

Gazette

gazette
Meaning
an official journal or newspaper, especially one published by an organization or government
Example
The promotion was officially announced in the government gazette last week.
La promotion a été annoncée officiellement dans la gazette gouvernementale la semaine dernière.
C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

bas, sale ou de mauvaise qualité
Meaning
morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality
Example
He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.
Il a évité le club de nuit sordide en centre-ville.
C1 noun /diːˌtɒksɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

detoxification

détoxification
Meaning
The process of removing toxic substances from a living organism.
Example
Detoxification helps to cleanse the body of harmful substances.
La détoxification aide à nettoyer le corps des substances nuisibles.
C1 noun ɪnˌten.sɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

intensification

intensification
Meaning
The process of becoming or making something more intense or extreme.
Example
The intensification of climate change requires urgent action.
L'intensification du changement climatique nécessite une action urgente.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɛniəm/

millennium

millénaire
Meaning
a period of one thousand years; often used to mark an anniversary
Example
The year 2000 was celebrated as the beginning of a new millennium.
L'année 2000 a été célébrée comme le début d'un nouveau millénaire.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊlstər/

pollster

sondeur
Meaning
a person or organization that conducts surveys to gauge public opinion
Example
The pollster predicted a close election outcome.
Le sondeur a prédit un résultat électoral serré.
C1 adjective /ˌmel.ənˈkɒl.ɪk/

Melancholic

triste et pensif; exprimant ou ressentant de la tristesse
Meaning
sad and thoughtful; feeling or expressing sadness
Example
The melancholic music made everyone feel sad.
La musique mélancolique a fait sentir tout le monde triste.
C1 adverb /ˈɡeɪ.li/

Gaily

joyeusement; gaiement
Meaning
in a cheerful and lively manner
Example
The children danced gaily at the festival.
Les enfants ont dansé joyeusement lors du festival.
C1 verb, noun /ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒən/

disillusion

désillusion
Meaning
to cause someone to realize that something is not as good as they believed
Example
The scandal disillusioned many voters.
Le scandale a désillusionné de nombreux électeurs.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

compartimenter
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Pour augmenter l'efficacité, il a compartimenté ses tâches de travail.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

sororité
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
Le mouvement féministe a créé un fort sentiment de sororité parmi les femmes.
C1 adjective dɪˈskrɪmɪnətɔːri

discriminatory

discriminatoire
Meaning
Making or showing an unfair or prejudicial distinction between different categories of people or things.
Example
Discriminatory policies triggered protests.
Les politiques discriminatoires ont déclenché des protestations.
C1 noun /əˈlɒt.mənt/

allotment

attribution, répartition
Meaning
The distribution or allocation of something, especially resources or portions.
Example
Each department received an allotment of resources.
Chaque département a reçu une attribution de ressources.
C1 verb /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/

dislodge

déloger
Meaning
To remove or force out from a position, especially one that is fixed or hard to move.
Example
The troops dislodged the enemy from the hill.
Les troupes ont délogé l'ennemi de la colline.
C1 verb /ˈoʊvərˌhɔːl/

overhaul

révision complète
Meaning
to examine thoroughly and repair or improve something that is worn or ineffective
Example
The company decided to overhaul its outdated computer system.
L'entreprise a décidé de rénover son système informatique obsolète.
C1 adjective /kəmˈplaɪənt/

compliant

conforme
Meaning
Willing to agree with or follow rules, requests, or demands.
Example
She was compliant with all the safety requirements.
Elle était conforme à toutes les exigences de sécurité.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

insistant
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
L'enfant était insistant pour obtenir un nouveau jouet.
C1 noun /ˈlɔː.ləs.nəs/

Lawlessness

illégalité
Meaning
absence of law and order; a state where laws do not exist or are not enforced
Example
The city descended into lawlessness after the government collapsed.
La ville est tombée dans l'illégalité après l'effondrement du gouvernement.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

pilleur
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Les pilleurs ont saccagé le village après la bataille.
C1 adjective /ˈtiːmɪŋ/

teeming

bondé
Meaning
full of or swarming with things or people
Example
The market was teeming with shoppers.
Le marché était bondé de clients.
C1 noun /əˈlɜːrtnəs/

alertness

vigilance
Meaning
the state of being mentally aware and quick to notice or respond; vigilance
Example
The driver maintained a high level of alertness during the long journey.
Le conducteur a maintenu une grande vigilance pendant le trajet.
C1 noun /nɪl/

Nil

zéro; rien
Meaning
nothing; zero; no amount
Example
His chances of winning were nil after the scandal.
Ses chances de gagner étaient nulles après le scandale.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdɪr/

endear

rendre aimable
Meaning
To cause someone to be loved or liked.
Example
Her kindness and generosity endeared her to the community.
Sa gentillesse et sa générosité l'ont rendue aimable à la communauté.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪpt/

stereotyped

stéréotypé
Meaning
Conforming to a fixed or oversimplified idea of what someone or something is like.
Example
His stereotyped jokes failed to impress the audience.
Ses blagues stéréotypées n'ont pas réussi à impressionner le public.
C1 noun /ˌdʒɛr.iˈætrɪks/

geriatrics

gériatrie
Meaning
the branch of medicine dealing with the health and care of old people
Example
He specialized in geriatrics to care for the elderly.
Il s'est spécialisé en gériatrie pour s'occuper des personnes âgées.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

propre et bien organisé; en bon ordre
Meaning
neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized
Example
Everything was shipshape before the inspection.
Tout était impeccable avant l'inspection.
C1 noun /ˈmælədi/

Malady

maladie; affection; trouble
Meaning
A disease or ailment; a serious problem
Example
The doctor diagnosed a rare malady that affected her nervous system.
Le médecin a diagnostiqué une maladie rare qui a affecté son système nerveux.
C1 noun ˈælərdʒən

allergen

substance qui provoque une réaction allergique
Meaning
A substance that causes an allergic reaction.
Example
Pollen is a common allergen that affects many people.
Le pollen est un allergène courant qui affecte de nombreuses personnes.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈvæmp/

revamp

rénover
Meaning
To give a new and improved form, structure, or appearance to something.
Example
The company decided to revamp its website for a modern look.
L'entreprise a décidé de rénover son site web pour lui donner un look moderne.
C1 noun /maɪm/

Mime

mime; acteur de mime
Meaning
A performer who acts without words, using only gestures and body movements
Example
The street mime entertained the crowd with his invisible box routine.
Le mime de rue a diverti la foule avec sa routine de boîte invisible.
C1 noun /ˈbreɪkər/

breaker

disjoncteur (quelque chose qui casse, une vague de mer qui se brise en mousse près du rivage, ou un appareil qui interrompt un circuit électrique)
Meaning
A person or thing that breaks something; a large sea wave that breaks into foam near the shore; a device that interrupts an electric circuit.
Example
The breaker tripped during the storm, cutting off electricity.
Le disjoncteur a sauté pendant la tempête, coupant l'électricité.
C1 verb /ɪnˈklaɪn/

incline

s'incliner
Meaning
to feel willing or favorably disposed toward something; to bend or tilt
Example
She is inclined to agree with the proposal.
Elle est inclinée à être d'accord avec la proposition.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæsiəs/

gaseous

gazeux
Meaning
Relating to or having the form of gas.
Example
Carbon dioxide is a gaseous substance.
Le dioxyde de carbone est une substance gazeuse.
C1 adjective /əˈdɒptɪv/

adoptive

adoptif
Meaning
relating to the adoption of a child or the act of taking something as one’s own
Example
She grew up in a loving adoptive family.
Elle a grandi dans une famille adoptive aimante.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

château français
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Ils sont restés dans un magnifique château en France.
C1 verb /kənˈtraɪv/

contrive

concevoir
Meaning
to plan or devise cleverly or skillfully
Example
She contrived a clever plan to surprise her friends.
Elle a conçu un plan ingénieux pour surprendre ses amis.
C1 noun /ˈfreɪlti/

frailty

fragilité
Meaning
The condition of being weak, delicate, or easily broken.
Example
Old age often comes with physical frailty.
La vieillesse vient souvent avec une fragilité physique.
C1 adjective /ˈærɪd/

arid

aride
Meaning
extremely dry; lacking in interest or excitement
Example
The desert is known for its arid climate.
Le désert est connu pour son climat aride.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

concerté
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
Les travailleurs ont fait un effort concerté pour améliorer les conditions.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡʌlf/

engulf

engloutir
Meaning
to completely surround or cover something or someone
Example
The village was engulfed by floodwaters.
Le village a été englouti par les eaux de crue.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/

injurious

nuisible
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage.
Example
Smoking is injurious to health.
Fumer est nuisible à la santé.
C1 noun /ˌtɛstɪˈməʊnɪəlz/

testimonials

témoignages, lettres de recommandation
Meaning
Written or spoken statements of praise or recommendation from clients or customers.
Example
Positive testimonials can enhance a company's reputation.
Des témoignages positifs peuvent améliorer la réputation d'une entreprise.
C1 verb /dɪsˈbænd/

disband

dissoudre
Meaning
to break up and stop functioning as a group or organization
Example
The club decided to disband after twenty years of activity.
Le club a décidé de se dissoudre après vingt ans d'activité.
C1 adjective /pəˈdæntɪk/

pedantic

excessivement préoccupé par les détails mineurs ou les règles
Meaning
Excessively concerned with minor details or rules; overly academic or bookish.
Example
Her pedantic explanations made the lecture dull.
Ses explications pédantes ont rendu la conférence ennuyeuse.
C1 noun /səbˈmɪtəl/

submittal

soumission
Meaning
the act of submitting something, especially a document for consideration or approval
Example
The contractor sent the submittal to the client for approval.
L'entrepreneur a envoyé la soumission au client pour approbation.