Trench
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C1 noun /trentʃ/

Trench

tranchée
Meaning
a long, narrow ditch; a deep furrow in the ground, especially one used for military defense
Example
The soldiers dug a trench for protection during the battle.
Les soldats ont creusé une tranchée pour se protéger pendant la bataille.
C1 noun ˌnɒn.kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən

non-cooperation

désobéissance
Meaning
The practice of refusing to cooperate, especially as a form of protest.
Example
The non-cooperation movement gained momentum.
Le mouvement de désobéissance a pris de l'élan.
C1 verb /bɔːl/

bawl

crier fort
Meaning
to shout or cry loudly
Example
The baby bawled all night, keeping everyone awake.
Le bébé a pleuré toute la nuit, empêchant tout le monde de dormir.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

critique acerbe
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
Le critique a écrit une critique acerbe du film.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɜːrnəbl/

discernible

discernable
Meaning
able to be seen, recognized, or understood
Example
There was a discernible change in his behavior.
Il y a eu un changement discernable dans son comportement.
C1 noun /ˈmedoʊ/

Meadow

prairie
Meaning
A piece of grassland, especially one used for hay
Example
The cows grazed peacefully in the green meadow.
Les vaches paissaient paisiblement dans la prairie verte.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

imiter
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
Il a été arrêté pour avoir tenté d'usurper l'identité d'un policier.
C1 verb /nɪˈɡeɪt/

negate

annuler, nier
Meaning
To cancel out or make ineffective; to deny the truth of something.
Example
The new evidence will negate the claims made earlier.
Les nouvelles preuves annuleront les affirmations faites précédemment.
C1 adjective /ˈtæti/

tatty

usé
Meaning
Worn out, shabby, or in poor condition.
Example
The sofa looked old and tatty after years of use.
Le canapé semblait vieux et usé après des années d'utilisation.
C1 noun /ˌdɛtəˈneɪʃən/

detonation

détonation
Meaning
The act of exploding or causing something to explode.
Example
The sudden detonation shook the entire building.
La détonation soudaine a secoué tout le bâtiment.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrɪkeɪt/

extricate

dégager
Meaning
To free someone or something from a constraint or difficulty.
Example
The firefighters extricated the passengers from the wrecked car.
Les pompiers ont extriqué les passagers de la voiture accidentée.
C1 adjective /səˈdɪs.tɪk/

sadistic

sadique
Meaning
Deriving pleasure from inflicting pain or suffering on others.
Example
The villain had a sadistic smile while hurting his enemies.
Le méchant avait un sourire sadique en infligeant de la douleur à ses ennemis.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪˈsɛkʃuəl/

asexual

asexuel
Meaning
Without sexual feelings, associations, or reproduction through sex.
Example
Many plants reproduce through asexual methods like budding or splitting.
De nombreuses plantes se reproduisent par des méthodes asexuées comme le bourgeonnement ou la division.
C1 noun /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/

psychosis

psychose
Meaning
A severe mental disorder in which thought and emotions are impaired, leading to a loss of contact with reality.
Example
The patient was diagnosed with psychosis after experiencing hallucinations.
Le patient a été diagnostiqué avec une psychose après avoir expérimenté des hallucinations.
C1 noun /əˈkuːstɪks/

acoustics

acoustique
Meaning
the science of sound, or the properties of a space that affect how sound is heard
Example
The hall’s excellent acoustics made the orchestra sound rich and clear.
L'acoustique exceptionnelle de la salle a permis à l'orchestre de sonner riche et clair.
C1 noun /spɛk/

speck

tache
Meaning
A very small spot, mark, or particle.
Example
There was a tiny speck of dust on the glass table.
Il y avait une petite tache de poussière sur la table en verre.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

instantané
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
Le changement de température a été presque instantané.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːʃən/

insertion

insertion
Meaning
the action of inserting something into something else
Example
The insertion of the new data was completed successfully.
L'insertion des nouvelles données a été complétée avec succès.
C1 noun /ˌriː.əˈdʒʌst.mənt/

readjustment

réajustement
Meaning
The act of changing or correcting something again to make it suitable or balanced.
Example
After moving to a new city, he went through a period of readjustment.
Après avoir déménagé dans une nouvelle ville, il a traversé une période de réajustement.
C1 adjective /ˈtɪərfəl/

Tearful

en larmes; incliné à pleurer
Meaning
expressing or showing sadness and sorrow; inclined to weep
Example
She gave a tearful goodbye to her friends at the airport.
Elle a fait ses adieux en pleurant à ses amis à l'aéroport.
C1 noun ˌdɛɡrəˈdeɪʃən

degradation

dégradation
Meaning
The condition or process of degrading or being degraded.
Example
Soil degradation due to overuse is a growing issue.
La dégradation des sols due à une utilisation excessive est un problème croissant.
C1 verb /druːp/

droop

pencher
Meaning
to bend or hang downward; to become weak or tired
Example
The flowers began to droop in the heat.
Les fleurs ont commencé à se pencher sous la chaleur.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɪndʒ/

impinge

affecter
Meaning
to have an effect or impact on something; to encroach or infringe
Example
The noise from the construction site impinges on our daily activities.
Le bruit du chantier impacte nos activités quotidiennes.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈrɛpjətəbl̩/

disreputable

discrédité
Meaning
having a bad reputation; not considered respectable or trustworthy
Example
The journalist avoided staying in the disreputable part of town.
Le journaliste a évité de séjourner dans le quartier discrédité de la ville.
C1 verb koʊˈɜrs

coerce

contraindre
Meaning
To force someone to do something against their will using threats or intimidation.
Example
The manager tried to coerce the employees into working overtime.
Le directeur a tenté de contraindre les employés à faire des heures supplémentaires.
C1 noun /əˈdʒɪl.ɪ.ti/

agility

agilité
Meaning
Ability to work quickly and easily, both physically and mentally.
Example
Mental agility is essential for problem-solving.
L'agilité mentale est essentielle pour résoudre les problèmes.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜːki/

murky

trouble
Meaning
Dark, gloomy, and difficult to see through; obscure.
Example
We avoided swimming in the murky river.
Nous avons évité de nager dans la rivière trouble.
C1 noun /blɒˈkeɪd/

Blockade

blocus
Meaning
an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving
Example
The naval blockade prevented supplies from reaching the port.
Le blocus naval a empêché les fournitures d'atteindre le port.
C1 adjective /ˈkʌlpəbl̩/

culpable

coupable
Meaning
deserving blame or responsibility for a wrongdoing
Example
The judge found him culpable for the accident.
Le juge l'a jugé coupable de l'accident.
C1 noun /niːʃ/

Niche

niche de marché, segment spécialisé, marché cible
Meaning
A specialized segment of the market for a particular kind of product or service.
Example
Finding the right niche is key to a successful business.
Trouver le bon créneau est essentiel pour réussir dans les affaires.
C1 phrase ˌkæt.əˈɡɒr.ɪ.kəl.i rɪˈfjuː.tɪd

categorically refuted

totalement réfuté
Meaning
Completely and absolutely denied or disproved.
Example
The claims were categorically refuted by officials.
Les revendications ont été catégoriquement réfutées par les responsables.
C1 verb /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/

victimize

victimiser
Meaning
To make someone a victim, often by treating them unfairly or cruelly.
Example
The corrupt officials victimized the poor villagers.
Les fonctionnaires corrompus ont victimisé les pauvres villageois.
C1 noun /noʊz rɪŋ/

Nose ring

anneau de nez
Meaning
a piece of jewelry worn through a piercing in the nose
Example
She got a small gold nose ring for her birthday.
Elle a obtenu un petit anneau en or pour son anniversaire.
C1 noun /ˌrɛstɪˈtjuːʃən/

restitution

restitution
Meaning
The act of restoring something to its rightful owner or compensating for loss
Example
The court ordered restitution to the victims of the fraud.
Le tribunal a ordonné la restitution aux victimes de la fraude.
C1 adjective /ˈɡriːvəs/

grievous

grave
Meaning
Causing great pain, suffering, or sorrow.
Example
The accident was a grievous blow to the community.
L'accident a été un coup grave pour la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈmætrəˌmoʊni/

matrimony

mariage
Meaning
The state of being married; marriage.
Example
They entered into matrimony after years of friendship.
Ils sont entrés dans le mariage après des années d'amitié.
C1 noun /rɪˈpɑːzɪtɔːri/

repository

dépôt
Meaning
a place where things are stored or kept for safekeeping
Example
The library serves as a repository of knowledge.
La bibliothèque sert de dépôt de savoir.
C1 adjective /pəˈnɪnsjələr/

peninsular

péninsulaire
Meaning
Relating to or resembling a peninsula.
Example
The peninsular region is surrounded by water on three sides.
La région péninsulaire est entourée d'eau sur trois côtés.
C1 noun /ɪnˈvɜːrʒən/

inversion

inversion
Meaning
A reversal of the normal order, position, or relationship.
Example
In poetry, inversion is often used to create emphasis.
Dans la poésie, l'inversion est souvent utilisée pour créer de l'emphase.
C1 noun ˌæmbɪˈɡjuːɪti

ambiguity

ambiguïté, incertitude
Meaning
The quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
Example
The ambiguity of the statement caused confusion among the team.
L'ambiguïté de la déclaration a causé de la confusion parmi l'équipe.
C1 noun əˈtrɒs.ɪ.tiz

atrocities

atrocités
Meaning
Extremely wicked or cruel acts, typically involving physical violence or injury.
Example
The atrocities shocked the international community.
Les atrocités ont choqué la communauté internationale.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛn.ɪ.trə.bəl/

impenetrable

impénétrable
Meaning
Impossible to pass through or enter; impossible to understand.
Example
The dense forest was nearly impenetrable.
La forêt dense était presque impénétrable.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈkɒn.sə.mət/

consummate

compléter ou perfectionner quelque chose avec une grande habileté
Meaning
To complete or perfect something with great skill
Example
He is a consummate artist with years of experience.
C'est un artiste consommé avec des années d'expérience.
C1 noun /rɪˈspɒndənt/

respondent

répondant
Meaning
A person who replies to something, especially in a survey or legal case
Example
The survey had over 1,000 respondents.
L'enquête a recueilli plus de 1000 répondants.
C1 noun /ˈbaɪoʊˌsfɪr/

Biosphere

biosphère
Meaning
the regions of the surface and atmosphere of the earth occupied by living organisms
Example
Climate change is affecting the entire biosphere.
Le changement climatique affecte l'ensemble de la biosphère.
C1 verb /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/

acclimate

s'acclimater
Meaning
To adapt or become accustomed to a new environment or situation
Example
It takes time to acclimate to a new climate.
Il faut du temps pour s'acclimater à un nouveau climat.
C1 adjective /əˈlʊr.ɪŋ/

Alluring

attirant et tentant; fascinant
Meaning
attractive and tempting; fascinating
Example
The alluring fragrance of roses filled the garden.
Le parfum attirant des roses a rempli le jardin.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊɡə/

toga

toge
Meaning
A loose outer garment worn in ancient Rome, typically draped over the shoulders and body.
Example
The senator wore a white toga during the ceremony.
Le sénateur portait une toge blanche pendant la cérémonie.
C1 adjective /ˈdʒiː.ni.əl/

genial

aimable
Meaning
friendly, cheerful, and pleasant
Example
She greeted us with a genial smile.
Elle nous a salués avec un sourire aimable.
C1 verb /ˈtɑːrnɪʃ/

tarnish

ternir
Meaning
To lose luster, especially as a result of exposure to air or moisture; to damage reputation.
Example
The silver jewelry tarnished quickly when left in the open air.
Les bijoux en argent se sont ternis rapidement lorsqu'ils ont été laissés à l'air libre.
C1 verb /bæsk/

bask

prendre un bain de soleil
Meaning
to lie in warmth and light; to enjoy something pleasurable
Example
The cat basks in the sunny window.
Le chat prend un bain de soleil dans la fenêtre ensoleillée.
C1 noun /ˈjuːnɪsən/

unison

à l'unisson
Meaning
Simultaneous performance or utterance of action or speech.
Example
The choir sang in unison.
Le chœur a chanté à l'unisson.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstætɪk/

ecstatic

extatique
Meaning
Feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or excitement.
Example
The fans were ecstatic after their team won the championship.
Les fans étaient extatiques après que leur équipe ait gagné le championnat.
C1 noun /wedʒ/

Wedge

coin; caler; fendre
Meaning
a triangular piece of wood or metal used for splitting or securing; a piece of cheese or cake
Example
He used a wooden wedge to split the log into smaller pieces.
Il a utilisé un coin en bois pour fendre le tronc en morceaux plus petits.
C1 noun /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/

genealogy

généalogie
Meaning
The study and tracing of lines of descent or family history.
Example
She spent years researching her family's genealogy.
Elle a passé des années à étudier la généalogie de sa famille.
C1 verb /ˌriː.kənˈviːn/

reconvene

se réunir à nouveau
Meaning
to gather or assemble again, especially for a meeting
Example
The committee will reconvene after lunch.
Le comité se réunira après le déjeuner.
C1 noun /ˈkænən/

canon

canon
Meaning
A general law, rule, principle, or collection of sacred books accepted as genuine.
Example
The book is now considered part of the literary canon.
Le livre est désormais considéré comme faisant partie du canon littéraire.
C1 adjective /ˈblʌdləs/

bloodless

sans effusion de sang
Meaning
without bloodshed; lacking violence or vitality
Example
The revolution was surprisingly bloodless.
La révolution était étonnamment sans effusion de sang.
C1 verb /ˈveɪpəraɪz/

vaporize

vaporiser
Meaning
to turn into vapor or gas
Example
The heat of the sun can vaporize water from the surface.
La chaleur du soleil peut vaporiser l'eau de la surface.
C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

fumer lentement
Meaning
to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion
Example
The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.
Le feu a fumé lentement pendant des heures avant de s'éteindre.
C1 adjective /ˈwɔːrˌlaɪk/

warlike

martial
Meaning
Having an aggressive or militant nature; inclined to fight or engage in war.
Example
The tribe was known for its warlike traditions.
La tribu était connue pour ses traditions martiales.
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

isotope
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
Le carbone-14 est un isotope radioactif utilisé pour dater les fossiles.
C1 noun /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/

righteousness

rectitude
Meaning
the quality of being morally right or justifiable
Example
His life was dedicated to righteousness and truth.
Sa vie était dédiée à la rectitude et à la vérité.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsələnt/

insolent

insolent, arrogant
Meaning
showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect
Example
The insolent student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
L'étudiant insolent a refusé de suivre les instructions du professeur.
C1 noun /ˈhɪr.seɪ/

Hearsay

rumeur
Meaning
information received from other people that one cannot adequately substantiate; rumor
Example
The accusations were based on hearsay rather than concrete evidence or eyewitness testimony.
Les accusations étaient basées sur des rumeurs plutôt que sur des preuves concrètes ou des témoignages oculaires.
C1 noun /bəˈtæljən/

battalion

bataillon
Meaning
A large body of soldiers ready for battle, typically consisting of several companies.
Example
The battalion was deployed to the front line.
Le bataillon a été déployé sur la ligne de front.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑːbəl/

gobble

engloutir
Meaning
to eat something quickly and greedily
Example
The children gobbled their food in minutes.
Les enfants engloutirent leur nourriture en quelques minutes.
C1 adjective /tɔːt/

taut

tendu
Meaning
stretched or pulled tight; tense
Example
The rope was pulled taut between the two poles.
La corde était tendue entre les deux poteaux.
C1 adjective /ˌfɑːrˈfetʃt/

farfetched

improbable ou peu probable
Meaning
unlikely to happen or be true; improbable
Example
His explanation for being late sounded farfetched.
Son explication pour son retard semblait invraisemblable.
C1 noun /ˈvɜːrtɪˌɡoʊ/

vertigo

bonheur
Meaning
A sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by problems in the inner ear or brain.
Example
She felt a sudden vertigo when she looked down from the tall building.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

ravin
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
La rivière a creusé un ravin profond à travers les montagnes.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

bourreau
Meaning
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
Example
The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.
Le bourreau a préparé la potence pour le prisonnier condamné.
C1 adjective /ˈfɜːrtɪv/

furtive

furtif
Meaning
Attempting to avoid notice or attention, typically because of guilt or a belief that discovery would lead to trouble.
Example
He cast a furtive glance at the door before leaving.
Il lança un regard furtif vers la porte avant de partir.
C1 noun /ˌpriːməˈnɪʃən/ or /ˌprɛm-/

premonition

prémonition
Meaning
a strong feeling that something is about to happen, often something negative
Example
She had a premonition of danger before the trip.
Elle avait une prémonition de danger avant le voyage.
C1 noun /sɪˈkluːʒən/

seclusion

isolement
Meaning
The state of being private, away from other people.
Example
She spent the weekend in complete seclusion in her cabin.
Elle a passé le week-end en complète isolement dans sa cabine.
C1 noun /bɪˈtreɪər/

Betrayer

traître; déloyal
Meaning
a person who betrays someone or something; one who is disloyal
Example
The betrayer was exposed and faced severe consequences.
Le traître a été exposé et a affronté de graves conséquences.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

descendance, progéniture, héritiers
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Les enseignements du philosophe ont influencé de nombreuses générations de progéniture.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruəs/

incongruous

incongru
Meaning
Not fitting in with or suitable for the surroundings.
Example
His jokes were incongruous during the serious meeting.
Ses blagues étaient incongrues lors de la réunion sérieuse.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæstrɪk/

gastric

gastrique / problèmes d'estomac
Meaning
Relating to the stomach.
Example
She was prescribed medicine for her gastric problems.
Elle a été prescrite des médicaments pour ses problèmes gastriques.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controversé
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
La question controversée a divisé les dirigeants mondiaux.
C1 noun /ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/

compilation

compilation
Meaning
a collection of things, especially pieces of writing or music, gathered together
Example
The book is a compilation of his best essays.
Le livre est une compilation de ses meilleurs essais.
C1 adjective /ˈɡraʊnd.ləs/

Groundless

sans fondement; infondé
Meaning
without foundation or justification; baseless
Example
His accusations against her were completely groundless.
Ses accusations contre elle étaient complètement infondées.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

en convalescence, en rétablissement après une maladie ou un traitement médical
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
L'hôpital dispose d'une salle spéciale pour les patients en convalescence.
C1 adjective /səbˈdʒɛktɪv/

subjective

subjectif
Meaning
based on personal feelings, tastes, or opinions rather than facts
Example
Beauty is often considered a subjective concept.
La beauté est souvent considérée comme un concept subjectif.
C1 adjective ˌmɒn.jʊˈmɛn.təl

monumental

de grande importance, d'ampleur ou de taille
Meaning
Great in importance, extent, or size; exceptionally great; forming or serving as a monument.
Example
The discovery of electricity was a monumental achievement.
La découverte de l'électricité fut une réalisation monumentale.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɔːn.dɪs/

jaundice

ictère
Meaning
A medical condition in which the skin and eyes become yellow due to liver problems.
Example
The doctor diagnosed the baby with jaundice.
Le médecin a diagnostiqué le bébé avec de l'ictère.
C1 noun /ɡlɔːs/

Gloss

une couche brillante ou lustrée; gloss pour lèvres
Meaning
a shiny or lustrous surface finish; a superficially attractive appearance; lip gloss
Example
She applied a clear gloss to her lips to give them a shiny, healthy appearance.
Elle a appliqué un gloss transparent sur ses lèvres pour leur donner un aspect brillant et sain.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

incidentel
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Les dépenses incidentelles comme les collations et les pourboires ont été incluses dans la facture.
C1 verb /trænˈskraɪb/

transcribe

transcrire
Meaning
to make a written copy of spoken words or notes
Example
The secretary transcribed the meeting minutes.
La secrétaire a transcrit les procès-verbaux de la réunion.
C1 verb /ˌdiː.kəmˈprɛs/

decompress

décompresser
Meaning
To relax and recover from stress or pressure.
Example
Taking deep breaths helps to decompress after a stressful day.
Prendre de grandes respirations aide à se décompresser après une journée stressante.
C1 noun /brɪm/

Brim

bord; liseré
Meaning
the projecting edge of a hat; the edge or lip of something
Example
The wide brim of his hat protected him from the scorching sun.
Le large bord de son chapeau le protégeait du soleil brûlant.
C1 noun fɔːlt ˈtɒl.ər.əns

fault-tolerance

tolérance aux pannes
Meaning
The ability of a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.
Example
Fault-tolerance ensures dependable systems.
La tolérance aux pannes assure des systèmes fiables.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃən/

injunction

injonction
Meaning
A judicial order restraining a person from an action or compelling a certain act.
Example
The court issued an injunction to stop the company from polluting the river.
Le tribunal a émis une injonction pour empêcher l'entreprise de polluer la rivière.
C1 noun ɪˌræd.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

eradication

éradication
Meaning
The complete destruction or elimination of something unwanted.
Example
Carbon eradication is a key goal of the project.
L'éradication du carbone est un objectif clé du projet.
C1 verb /rɪˈmɪt/

remit

envoyer de l'argent / pardonner
Meaning
To send money in payment or as a gift; to cancel or refrain from exacting a debt or punishment.
Example
He promised to remit the payment by the end of the week.
Il a promis de remettre le paiement d'ici la fin de la semaine.
C1 noun /kwæk/

Quack

charlatan
Meaning
a person who pretends to be a doctor but has no medical training; the sound a duck makes
Example
People should be careful not to trust medical advice from a quack.
Les gens devraient faire attention à ne pas faire confiance aux conseils médicaux d'un charlatan.
C1 noun /kəmˈprɛʃn̩/

compression

compression
Meaning
The act of pressing or squeezing something into a smaller space.
Example
File compression helps reduce storage requirements.
La compression de fichiers aide à réduire les besoins en stockage.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈvɜːr.ʒən/

introversion

introversion
Meaning
The tendency to be inward-looking and shy, preferring solitary activities.
Example
Her introversion made it difficult for her to enjoy large parties.
Son introversion rendait difficile pour elle de profiter des grandes fêtes.
C1 adjective /ˌæbəˈrɪdʒənəl/

aboriginal

aborigène
Meaning
Relating to the original inhabitants of a region.
Example
The museum has a large collection of aboriginal art.
Le musée possède une grande collection d'art aborigène.
C1 noun ˌnæʃ.ən.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

nationalization

nationalisation
Meaning
The process of a government taking control of private property or industry.
Example
The nationalization of banks was aimed at stabilizing the economy.
La nationalisation des banques visait à stabiliser l'économie.
C1 verb /ˈræn.də.maɪz/

randomize

aléatoiriser
Meaning
To make something happen in a random order or manner.
Example
The software can randomize the order of questions.
Le logiciel peut randomiser l'ordre des questions.
C1 noun /ˈwiː.vər/

Weaver

tisserand
Meaning
a person who makes cloth by interlacing threads on a loom
Example
The skilled weaver created intricate patterns on the silk fabric.
Le tisserand habile a créé des motifs complexes sur le tissu en soie.
C1 noun /ˈdʒet.i/

Jetty

jetée
Meaning
a landing stage or small pier at which boats can dock or be moored
Example
The fishing boats were tied up at the wooden jetty near the harbor.
Les bateaux de pêche étaient amarrés à la jetée en bois près du port.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnfəməs/

infamous

infâme
Meaning
well known for some bad quality or deed
Example
The dictator was infamous for his cruelty.
Le dictateur était infâme pour sa cruauté.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɪkəbl/

despicable

méprisable
Meaning
Deserving hatred and contempt; vile or shameful.
Example
His despicable actions shocked the entire community.
Ses actions méprisables ont choqué toute la communauté.
C1 preposition /əˈtɒp/

atop

au sommet
Meaning
on the top of something
Example
A flag was placed atop the tower.
Un drapeau a été placé au sommet de la tour.
C1 verb /piːv/

peeve

agacer
Meaning
To annoy or irritate someone.
Example
His constant interruptions really peeve me.
Ses interruptions constantes me vexent vraiment.
C1 verb /kənˈtɛkstʃuəlaɪz/

contextualize

contextualiser
Meaning
to place something in a context or interpret it in relation to its surroundings
Example
The teacher contextualized the historical event to make it more relevant for students.
Le professeur a contextualisé l'événement historique pour le rendre plus pertinent pour les étudiants.
C1 noun ˌoʊ.vɚˈɡreɪ.zɪŋ

overgrazing

surpâturage
Meaning
The practice of allowing livestock to graze to the point of damaging vegetation.
Example
Overgrazing leads to soil erosion and loss of biodiversity.
Le surpâturage conduit à l'érosion des sols et à la perte de biodiversité.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈkwaɪət/

disquiet

inquiétude
Meaning
A feeling of worry or unease; to make someone feel anxious or uneasy.
Example
The strange silence filled the room with disquiet.
Le silence étrange a rempli la pièce d'inquiétude.
C1 adjective /ˈhæk.nid/

hackneyed

usé
Meaning
Used too often and therefore lacking originality or freshness.
Example
The speech was filled with hackneyed phrases that failed to inspire the audience.
Le discours était rempli de phrases usées qui n'ont pas réussi à inspirer le public.
C1 verb /ˈfɔːltər/

falter

hésiter ou perdre de la force ou de l'élan
Meaning
to hesitate or lose strength or momentum
Example
Her voice faltered as she delivered the speech.
Sa voix a faibli lorsqu'elle a prononcé son discours.
C1 noun /ˈhaɪdəweɪ/

hideaway

refuge
Meaning
A place used as a retreat or a place to hide.
Example
The cabin in the woods was their secret hideaway.
Le chalet dans les bois était leur cachette secrète.
C1 noun /ˌdez.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

Designation

désignation; titre; poste; statut officiel
Meaning
the action of choosing someone for a position; a name, title, or official status
Example
His designation as team leader came with additional responsibilities and authority.
Sa désignation en tant que leader d'équipe s'accompagnait de responsabilités supplémentaires et d'autorité.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /ʃæm/

sham

supercherie
Meaning
something that is not what it appears to be; a false or fake thing; to pretend
Example
The deal turned out to be a sham.
L'accord s'est avéré être une supercherie.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

effondrement de l'écosystème
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
La déforestation incontrôlée peut conduire à l'effondrement de l'écosystème.
C1 noun, verb /ˈskʌf.əl/

scuffle

bagarre
Meaning
a short, confused fight or struggle; to engage in such a fight
Example
Two players scuffled on the field after the foul.
Deux joueurs se sont battus sur le terrain après la faute.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛtroʊˌɡreɪd/

retrograde

rétrograde
Meaning
moving backward or returning to a worse condition
Example
The policy was seen as a retrograde step for human rights.
La politique a été vue comme un pas rétrograde pour les droits de l'homme.
C1 noun /ˈdaʊri/

dowry

dot
Meaning
Property or money brought by a bride to her husband at marriage.
Example
The dowry tradition is still followed in some cultures.
La tradition du dot est encore suivie dans certaines cultures.
C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

éviter
Meaning
to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility
Example
He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.
Il essaie toujours d'éviter ses responsabilités au travail.
C1 verb /ˈsætʃəˌreɪt/

saturate

saturer
Meaning
to fill completely with something until no more can be absorbed
Example
The heavy rain saturated the ground within minutes.
La forte pluie a saturé le sol en quelques minutes.