systematic savings
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C1 noun ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk ˈseɪvɪŋz

systematic savings

économies systématiques
Meaning
A structured and organized approach to regularly saving money according to a planned schedule
Example
Systematic savings can mitigate financial crises in old age.
Les économies systématiques peuvent atténuer les crises financières à un âge avancé.
A2 noun /tʌŋ/

Tongue

langue; organe musculaire dans la bouche utilisé pour goûter, parler et avaler; une langue
Meaning
the muscular organ in the mouth used for tasting, speaking, and swallowing; a language
Example
The doctor asked him to stick out his tongue for examination.
Le docteur lui a demandé de sortir sa langue pour l'examen.
C2 noun /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

commodification

marchandisation
Meaning
The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or social relations into market commodities.
Example
The commodification of education has increased tuition costs.
La marchandisation de l'éducation a augmenté les frais de scolarité.
B2 noun ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənt

antioxidant

antioxydant
Meaning
A substance that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage by neutralizing free radicals.
Example
Green tea contains powerful antioxidants that slow aging.
Le thé vert contient des antioxydants puissants qui ralentissent le vieillissement.
C1 noun /koʊˈhɪr.əns/

coherence

cohérence
Meaning
The quality of being logical and consistent; forming a unified whole.
Example
The essay lacked coherence, making it hard to follow.
L'essai manquait de cohérence, ce qui le rendait difficile à suivre.
B1 noun /θroʊt/

Throat

gorge; trachée; partie du cou
Meaning
the passage that leads from the back of the mouth to the stomach and lungs; the front part of the neck
Example
He had a sore throat and couldn't speak clearly.
Il avait mal à la gorge et ne pouvait pas parler clairement.
C2 adjective /ˈbreɪsɪŋ/

bracing

revigorant
Meaning
Invigorating, refreshing, or providing strength and energy.
Example
The hikers enjoyed the bracing mountain air.
Les randonneurs ont apprécié l'air vivifiant de la montagne.
C1 noun /rɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/

Retaliation

représailles
Meaning
the action of returning a military attack; counterattack; revenge for an injury or wrong
Example
The country threatened retaliation against any act of aggression.
Le pays a menacé de représailles contre tout acte d'agression.
B1 noun /ˈɡɑːr.bɪdʒ/

Garbage

ordures; déchets
Meaning
waste material; refuse or litter; something worthless or meaningless
Example
Please take out the garbage before the collection truck arrives tomorrow morning.
S'il vous plaît, sortez les poubelles avant que le camion de collecte n'arrive demain matin.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistant
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
Le vendeur était trop insistant, ce qui a fait fuir les clients.
C1 noun əˌsɪm.ɪˈleɪ.ʃən

Assimilation

assimilation
Meaning
Connecting new information with existing knowledge
Example
Proper assimilation of knowledge leads to effective learning.
Une bonne assimilation des connaissances conduit à un apprentissage efficace.
C2 noun /kəˈmɛstɪbəl/

comestible

comestible
Meaning
An item of food that can be eaten.
Example
The picnic basket was full of delicious comestibles.
Le panier de pique-nique était plein de délicieuses comestibles.
C1 adjective /məˈlɪʃəs/

Malicious

malveillant; nuisible
Meaning
having or showing a desire to cause harm to someone; spiteful
Example
The malicious software damaged many computers.
Le logiciel malveillant a endommagé de nombreux ordinateurs.
B1 adjective /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/

illegal

illégal
Meaning
Not allowed by law; unlawful.
Example
It is illegal to drive without a valid license.
Il est illégal de conduire sans une licence valide.
A1 noun /ˈbɛdruːm/

bedroom

chambre
Meaning
A room used for sleeping in.
Example
The children were playing in the bedroom.
Les enfants jouaient dans la chambre.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊmæd/

nomad

nomade
Meaning
A person who has no permanent home and moves from place to place.
Example
The desert was once home to nomads who lived by herding animals.
Le désert était autrefois la maison des nomades qui vivaient en élevant des animaux.
B2 noun /ˈɒpəreɪtər/

operator

opérateur
Meaning
a person who operates equipment, a business, or controls something
Example
The machine operator ensured that everything ran smoothly.
L'opérateur de la machine s'est assuré que tout fonctionnait correctement.
B1 noun/verb /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

hunting

chasse
Meaning
the activity of chasing and killing wild animals
Example
Hunting is strictly regulated in many countries.
La chasse est strictement régulée dans de nombreux pays.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

envieux
Meaning
causing envy; desirable
Example
Her success was enviable among her peers.
Son succès était enviable parmi ses collègues.
C1 noun /ˈɡreɪ.haʊnd/

Greyhound

lévrier
Meaning
a tall, thin dog with long legs that can run very fast
Example
The greyhound won the race at the dog track.
Le lévrier a gagné la course sur la piste pour chiens.
C2 noun /ˌɛləˈkjuːʃn/

elocution

élocution
Meaning
The skill of clear and expressive speech, especially in public speaking.
Example
She improved her elocution through constant practice.
Elle a amélioré son élocution grâce à une pratique constante.
A2 noun /ɪmˈpɔːtəns/

importance

importance
Meaning
The quality or state of being important; consequence or significance.
Example
The importance of time management cannot be overstated.
L'importance de la gestion du temps ne peut être surestimée.
B2 noun /prɪˈskrɪpʃən/

prescription

ordonnance
Meaning
A written order from a doctor for the preparation and administration of a medicine; also, a recommendation or authoritative rule.
Example
The doctor gave her a prescription for antibiotics.
Le médecin lui a donné une ordonnance pour des antibiotiques.
C2 verb /prəˈpaʊnd/

propound

proposer
Meaning
To put forward an idea, theory, or point for consideration.
Example
The professor propounded a new theory on climate change.
Le professeur a proposé une nouvelle théorie sur le changement climatique.
B1 noun /ˌpɒp.jəˈlær.ə.ti/

Popularity

popularité
Meaning
the state of being liked, admired, or supported by many people
Example
The singer's popularity has grown rapidly this year.
La popularité du chanteur a augmenté rapidement cette année.
C2 noun /ˈmɛzməˌrɪzəm/

mesmerism

hypnotisme
Meaning
A state of fascination or hypnotism.
Example
The magician held the audience in a state of mesmerism.
Le magicien a maintenu l'audience dans un état de mesmerisme.
A1 verb /ɡes/

guess

deviner
Meaning
to give an answer or opinion without complete knowledge; to estimate
Example
Can you guess the answer?
Peux-tu deviner la réponse ?
B2 noun /ˈmɒtəʊ/

motto

devise
Meaning
A short sentence or phrase that expresses a guiding belief or principle.
Example
Her motto in life is 'never give up.'
Son devise dans la vie est 'ne jamais abandonner.'
A1 noun /ɡeɪm/

game

jeu
Meaning
An activity or sport played for amusement, competition, or skill.
Example
They played a football game in the afternoon.
Ils ont joué à un match de football l'après-midi.
B2 verb /ɪˈveɪd/

evade

évader
Meaning
To escape or avoid something, especially by cleverness or trickery.
Example
He tried to evade the question by changing the subject.
Il a essayé d'éviter la question en changeant de sujet.
C2 noun /əˈnɔɪnt.mənt/

anointment

onction
Meaning
The act of anointing, usually with oil, as part of a ritual or ceremony.
Example
The anointment of the new leader was a sacred ritual.
L'onction du nouveau leader était un rituel sacré.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

prétention, fausse apparence
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Sa prétention à être un expert a été rapidement exposée.
C2 noun /ˌbuː.ɡənˈvɪl.i.ə/

Bougainvillea

bougainvillée
Meaning
a tropical climbing plant with colorful bracts surrounding small flowers
Example
The bougainvillea climbing over the garden wall creates a beautiful purple display.
La bougainvillée grimpant sur le mur du jardin crée une belle exposition violette.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/

enforcement

application de la loi
Meaning
the act of making sure that laws or rules are followed
Example
The police are responsible for law enforcement.
La police est responsable de l'application de la loi.
C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

tristesse, douleur
Meaning
the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching
Example
The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.
La tristesse de l'adieu a fait couler des larmes dans les yeux de tout le monde.
B2 noun /əˈsʌmpʃən/

Assumption

supposition
Meaning
a thing that is accepted as true without proof; a supposition
Example
His assumption about the weather proved to be wrong.
Sa supposition sur la météo s'est avérée incorrecte.
B2 noun, verb /dɪˈfɔːlt/

default

défaut
Meaning
failure to fulfill an obligation, especially to repay a loan
Example
The company defaulted on its loan payments.
L'entreprise a fait défaut sur ses paiements de prêt.
C1 noun /prɪˈrɒɡətɪv/

prerogative

privilège
Meaning
a special right or privilege exclusive to a particular person or group
Example
It is the manager’s prerogative to make the final decision.
C'est le privilège du manager de prendre la décision finale.
B1 noun /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/

investigation

enquête
Meaning
the process of inquiring into or examining something carefully to find the truth
Example
The investigation revealed new evidence about the fraud.
L'enquête a révélé de nouvelles preuves sur la fraude.
C1 noun /ˈsʌn.stroʊk/

Sunstroke

coup de chaleur
Meaning
a serious condition caused by overheating from prolonged exposure to high temperatures
Example
The worker suffered from sunstroke after working outside all day.
Le travailleur a souffert d'un coup de chaleur après avoir travaillé dehors toute la journée.
B2 verb /ˈsprɪŋkəl/

sprinkle

saupoudrer
Meaning
to scatter small drops or particles of a substance over a surface
Example
She sprinkled sugar on top of the cake.
Elle a saupoudré du sucre sur le gâteau.
C1 noun sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv

cemented grave

tombe cimentée
Meaning
A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.
Example
The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river.
La tombe cimentée des martyrs a été vue près de la rivière.
B1 adjective rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl

reliable

fiable
Meaning
Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.
Example
Reliable systems ensure efficiency.
Les systèmes fiables garantissent l'efficacité.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnrɪˈfaɪnd/

unrefined

non raffiné
Meaning
not processed or purified; lacking polish or sophistication
Example
The unrefined oil must be processed before it can be used as fuel.
Le pétrole non raffiné doit être traité avant d’être utilisé comme carburant.
C1 noun /dɪˈrɪʒən/

derision

mépris
Meaning
Contemptuous ridicule or mockery.
Example
His ideas were greeted with derision by the audience.
Ses idées ont été accueillies avec mépris par le public.
B2 noun /ˈrɛfjuːdʒ/

refuge

refuge
Meaning
a place that provides shelter or protection from danger or distress
Example
The villagers took refuge in the temple during the storm.
Les villageois ont trouvé refuge dans le temple pendant la tempête.
A2 noun /ˈkʌm.fərt/

Comfort

confort; commodité
Meaning
a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint; relief from distress or anxiety
Example
The soft sofa provided great comfort after a long day at work.
Le canapé doux a apporté un grand confort après une longue journée de travail.
B2 verb /skrʌb/

scrub

frotter
Meaning
To rub hard so as to clean, typically with a brush and water.
Example
Excessive scrubbing of the eyes is harmful.
Se frotter les yeux de manière excessive est nuisible.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛtroʊˈæktɪv/

retroactive

rétroactif
Meaning
applying to a period before it was enacted or established
Example
The new law was made retroactive to cover past cases.
La nouvelle loi a été rendue rétroactive pour couvrir les affaires passées.
A1 noun /ænt/

aunt

tante
Meaning
the sister of your father or mother, or the wife of your uncle
Example
My aunt always gives me gifts on my birthday.
Ma tante me donne toujours des cadeaux pour mon anniversaire.
C1 noun /ˈævətɑːr/

avatar

avatar
Meaning
an icon or figure representing a person in digital contexts; in Hinduism, a divine incarnation
Example
She changed her social media avatar to a new cartoon image.
Elle a changé son avatar sur les réseaux sociaux pour une nouvelle image de dessin animé.
B2 adjective /trɪm/

Trim

soigné et bien rangé ; mince et en forme
Meaning
neat and orderly in appearance; slim and fit
Example
She keeps her garden very trim and tidy.
Elle garde son jardin très soigné et ordonné.
C1 adjective /dʒəˈnɛrɪk/

generic

générique
Meaning
characteristic of or relating to a whole group or class; not specific
Example
This medicine is available in generic form.
Ce médicament est disponible sous forme générique.
C2 noun /səˈlɪsɪˌtuːd/

solicitude

préoccupation, soin
Meaning
Care or concern for someone or something.
Example
His mother showed great solicitude for his safety.
Sa mère a montré une grande préoccupation pour sa sécurité.
A1 noun /ˈsæləd/

salad

salade
Meaning
a dish consisting of various ingredients, typically including vegetables, which are usually mixed with a dressing
Example
She made a fresh salad with lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers.
Elle a préparé une salade fraîche avec de la laitue, des tomates et des concombres.
B2 noun, verb /stiːm/

steam

vapeur
Meaning
the vapor into which water is converted when heated; to emit or treat with steam
Example
The kettle was steaming on the stove.
La bouilloire fumait sur la cuisinière.
C2 adjective /ˈɛkstənt/

extant

existent
Meaning
Still in existence; surviving.
Example
Only a few manuscripts from the ancient library are extant.
Seules quelques manuscrits de l'ancienne bibliothèque sont encore existants.
A2 proper noun /ˌsaʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə/

south america

Amérique du Sud
Meaning
a continent located in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere
Example
Brazil is the largest country in South America.
Le Brésil est le plus grand pays d'Amérique du Sud.
C2 noun /nɪmf/

Nymph

Nymphe
Meaning
a mythological spirit of nature; a beautiful young woman in classical mythology
Example
The water nymph appeared by the moonlit lake.
La nymphe de l'eau est apparue près du lac illuminé par la lune.
B2 noun /ˈsɪmptəm/

symptom

symptôme
Meaning
a sign or indication of something, especially of an illness
Example
Fever is a common symptom of the flu.
La fièvre est un symptôme courant de la grippe.
B1 noun /ˈplæt.fɔːm/

platform

plateforme
Meaning
A raised level surface on which people or things can stand.
Example
The platform was used to discuss collaboration.
La plate-forme a été utilisée pour discuter de la collaboration.
B1 adjective pəˈlɪtɪkəl

political

politique
Meaning
Relating to the government or public affairs of a country; relating to politics or political parties.
Example
The political agenda included autonomy.
L'agenda politique incluait l'autonomie.
B2 noun /ˈpraɪ.vət ˈtuː.tər/

Private tutor

tuteur privé
Meaning
a teacher who gives individual instruction to a student outside of regular school
Example
The private tutor helped the student improve his math skills.
Le tuteur privé a aidé l'étudiant à améliorer ses compétences en mathématiques.
A2 noun /ˈmæstər/

Master

maître; expert;
Meaning
A skilled practitioner of a particular art or activity; a teacher or expert
Example
Leonardo da Vinci was a master of both painting and sculpture.
Léonard de Vinci était un maître dans la peinture et la sculpture.
B1 noun /ˈlɪt.ər.ə.ʧər/

Literature

littérature
Meaning
written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit; books and writings published on a particular subject
Example
She studied English literature at university.
Elle a étudié la littérature anglaise à l'université.
B2 verb /ˈɪmɪteɪt/

imitate

imiter
Meaning
to copy the behavior or manner of someone or something
Example
Children often imitate their parents' behavior.
Les enfants imitent souvent le comportement de leurs parents.
A2 verb /rɪˈpiːt/

repeat

répéter
Meaning
to say or do something again
Example
Could you please repeat what you just said?
Pouvez-vous répéter ce que vous venez de dire ?
C1 noun /əˈpærəl/

apparel

vêtements
Meaning
Clothing, especially formal or special clothes.
Example
The store specializes in wedding apparel.
Le magasin se spécialise dans les vêtements de mariage.
C2 verb /ˈblʌdʒən/

bludgeon

frapper avec un gourdin
Meaning
to hit someone with a heavy object; to force someone into doing something
Example
The guard was bludgeoned by the attacker in the alley.
Le garde a été frappé avec un gourdin par l'attaquant dans la ruelle.
C2 noun /ˌdɛprɪˈdeɪʃən/

depredation

pillage
Meaning
An act of attacking or plundering; damage caused by such acts.
Example
The villagers feared the depredation of wild animals at night.
Les villageois craignaient le pillage des animaux sauvages la nuit.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

contenu interne
Meaning
The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.
Example
The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.
L'intension du mot 'chien' inclut être un mammifère et être domestiqué.
B1 noun ˌrek.ə.menˈdeɪ.ʃənz

recommendations

recommandations
Meaning
Suggestions or proposals as to the best course of action.
Example
The commission submitted their recommendations.
La commission a présenté ses recommandations.
C2 adjective /trænzˈæl.paɪn/

transalpine

au-delà des Alpes
Meaning
situated beyond or across the Alps, especially from the viewpoint of Italy
Example
The Romans referred to France as Transalpine Gaul.
Les Romains appelaient la France la Gaule transalpine.
B2 noun, verb /ˈbʌŋkər/

bunker

bunker
Meaning
a reinforced underground shelter; to place or store something in a protected place
Example
They hid in a bunker during the air raid.
Ils se sont cachés dans un bunker pendant le raid aérien.
C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

surmonter
Meaning
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
Example
He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.
Il a surmonté tous les défis pour atteindre son rêve.
C1 noun /lɒft/

loft

loft
Meaning
An upper room or space, often under the roof of a building.
Example
She converted the old loft into a modern studio.
Elle a transformé l'ancien loft en un studio moderne.
B2 adverb /rɪˈɡɑrdləs/

regardless

indépendamment de
Meaning
without paying attention to the current situation or condition
Example
She will go to the party regardless of the weather.
Elle ira à la fête indépendamment de la météo.
C2 verb /ˈfɛtər/

fetter

entraver, restreindre
Meaning
to restrain or restrict someone’s freedom
Example
The strict rules fettered the creativity of the students.
Les règles strictes ont limité la créativité des étudiants.
B2 verb /prəˈhɪbɪt/

prohibit

interdire
Meaning
to forbid something by law, rule, or other authority
Example
The law prohibits smoking in public places.
La loi interdit de fumer dans les lieux publics.
C1 noun /ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ væn/

Luggage van

fourgon à bagages
Meaning
a vehicle designed for carrying luggage and cargo
Example
The luggage van carried all the passengers' suitcases.
Le fourgon à bagages a transporté toutes les valises des passagers.
C2 noun /ˈlɪbərəlɪst/

liberalist

libéraliste
Meaning
a person who supports liberal ideas and principles
Example
He is a well-known liberalist advocating human rights.
Il est un libéraliste bien connu qui défend les droits de l'homme.
A2 verb /ˈkʌvər/

cover

couvrir
Meaning
to put something over or upon something else to protect or conceal
Example
Please cover the food to keep it fresh.
Veuillez couvrir la nourriture pour la garder fraîche.
C1 verb /skʌlpt/

sculpt

bonheur
Meaning
to create or shape something by carving or molding
Example
The artist sculpted a beautiful statue from marble.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher sa joie lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 verb /ˈhɛktər/

hector

parler de manière intimidante
Meaning
To talk to someone in a bullying or intimidating way.
Example
The manager hectored the staff into working overtime.
Le manager a menacé le personnel de faire des heures supplémentaires.
B1 adjective /ˈmɑːrvələs/

Marvellous

merveilleux; extraordinaire; stupéfiant
Meaning
extremely good; wonderful; causing great wonder
Example
The view from the mountain was marvellous.
La vue depuis la montagne était merveilleuse.
B2 verb /ˈfæs.ɪ.neɪt/

fascinate

fasciner
Meaning
to attract and hold the attention of someone; to charm or captivate
Example
The magician's performance fascinated the audience.
La performance du magicien a fasciné le public.
B1 noun ˌkɒnsənˈtreɪʃən

concentration

concentration
Meaning
The action or power of focusing one's attention or mental effort on a particular object or activity
Example
Concentration is key to mastering any skill.
La concentration est essentielle pour maîtriser n'importe quelle compétence.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəkˈnɒlɪdʒd/

unacknowledged

non reconnu
Meaning
Not recognized, admitted, or accepted; ignored or unnoticed
Example
Her contributions to the project went unacknowledged.
Ses contributions au projet sont restées non reconnues.
C1 noun /ˈfæk.ʃən/

Faction

faction
Meaning
a small organized dissenting group within a larger one
Example
Different factions within the party disagreed about the new policy.
Différentes factions au sein du parti étaient en désaccord sur la nouvelle politique.
C2 verb /ˈvaɪtəlaɪz/

vitalize

vitaliser
Meaning
To give life, energy, or strength to something.
Example
Fresh air and exercise can vitalize the body and mind.
L'air frais et l'exercice peuvent vitaliser le corps et l'esprit.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improviser
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
L'acteur a dû improviser ses répliques lorsqu'il a oublié le script.
C2 noun /ˈstriːmlɪt/

streamlet

ruisseau
Meaning
a small stream; a tiny brook or rivulet
Example
A streamlet flowed through the meadow.
Un ruisseau coulait à travers la prairie.
A2 adjective /ɡreɪ/

Grey

gris
Meaning
having a color between black and white
Example
The grey clouds indicated that rain was coming.
Les nuages gris ont indiqué que la pluie arrivait.
B2 adjective /ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd/

calculated

calculé
Meaning
Done with full awareness of the consequences; deliberate or carefully planned.
Example
Her calculated move gave her an advantage over her competitors.
Son mouvement calculé lui a donné un avantage sur ses concurrents.
B2 noun, verb /rɪər/

rear

arrière / élever
Meaning
the back part of something; to bring up or raise children or animals
Example
The mother cat reared her kittens in a quiet corner.
La mère chatte a élevé ses chatons dans un coin tranquille.
B2 noun /ˈhændlɪŋ/

handling

gestion
Meaning
the act of managing or dealing with something or someone
Example
His handling of the situation was impressive.
Sa gestion de la situation était impressionnante.
B2 adjective /əˈbrʌpt/

abrupt

abrupt
Meaning
Sudden or unexpected, often without warning.
Example
The car came to an abrupt stop in the middle of the road.
La voiture s'est arrêtée brusquement au milieu de la route.
B2 adjective /ˈdɛntəl/

dental

dentaire
Meaning
relating to teeth or dentistry
Example
She goes for a dental checkup every six months.
Elle fait un contrôle dentaire tous les six mois.
B2 noun /ˈskʌlp.tər/

Sculptor

sculpteur
Meaning
an artist who creates sculptures by carving, modeling, or shaping materials
Example
The sculptor spent months creating a beautiful marble statue.
Le sculpteur a passé des mois à créer une belle statue en marbre.
C2 verb /əˈkluːd/

occlude

obstruer
Meaning
To block or close up an opening or passage.
Example
The pipe was occluded by mineral deposits.
Le tuyau était obstrué par des dépôts minéraux.
C2 noun /ˈskʌl.i.ən/

scullion

valet de cuisine
Meaning
a servant assigned the most menial kitchen tasks
Example
In medieval times, a scullion was responsible for cleaning pots and pans.
Au Moyen Âge, un scullion était responsable du nettoyage des casseroles et des poêles.
C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk/

picaresque

histoire d'un héros malicieux
Meaning
relating to a style of fiction depicting the adventures of a roguish hero
Example
The novel is a picaresque tale of a clever vagabond.
Le roman est une histoire picaresque d'un vagabond rusé.
C2 noun /ˌdɛkləˈmeɪʃən/

declamation

déclamation
Meaning
a formal speech delivered with rhetorical or dramatic effect
Example
Her declamation captivated the audience at the competition.
Sa déclamation a captivé le public lors de la compétition.
C1 verb /dɛlv/

delve

approfondir
Meaning
To investigate deeply; to dig into a subject or area.
Example
The researcher delved into ancient manuscripts to find clues.
Le chercheur a approfondi les manuscrits anciens pour trouver des indices.
B1 noun /ˈtreɪnər/

trainer

entraîneur
Meaning
a person who teaches skills or gives training
Example
The fitness trainer helped me improve my posture.
L'entraîneur de fitness m'a aidé à améliorer ma posture.
C2 adjective /ˌpaɪroʊˈtɛknɪk/

pyrotechnic

pyrotechnique
Meaning
Relating to fireworks or spectacular displays involving fire.
Example
The city celebrated with a grand pyrotechnic display on New Year's Eve.
La ville a célébré avec un grand spectacle pyrotechnique lors de la veille du Nouvel An.
C2 noun /ˈmɛtələ(r)dʒi/

metallurgy

métallurgie
Meaning
The science and technology of metals, including their extraction from ores and their processing.
Example
Metallurgy plays a vital role in industrial development.
La métallurgie joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement industriel.
C2 verb /ˈɛdɪfaɪ/

edify

édifier
Meaning
To instruct or improve someone morally or intellectually.
Example
Good books can both entertain and edify the reader.
Les bons livres peuvent à la fois divertir et édifier le lecteur.
B2 noun /ˈoʊ.vər ɡroʊθ/

Over growth

surcroissance
Meaning
excessive growth beyond normal size; too much development or expansion
Example
The overgrowth of weeds made the garden look untidy.
La surcroissance des mauvaises herbes a rendu le jardin désordonné.
C2 noun /lænˈtɑː.nə/

Lantana

lantana
Meaning
a tropical flowering plant with clusters of small colorful flowers
Example
The lantana flowers attract butterflies to the garden.
Les fleurs de lantana attirent les papillons dans le jardin.
C1 noun ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən

culmination

aboutissement. Le point culminant ou le plus élevé de quelque chose, généralement atteint après beaucoup de temps.
Meaning
The highest or climactic point of something, especially as attained after a long time.
Example
The project reached its culmination after years of effort.
Le projet a atteint son aboutissement après des années d'efforts.
C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.kɔː.dæt/

concordat

concordat
Meaning
An agreement or treaty, especially between the Vatican and a secular government.
Example
The concordat established the rights of the church within the country.
Le concordat a établi les droits de l'église dans le pays.
C2 verb /ˌmɪs.əˈtrɪb.juːt/

misattribute

mal attribuer
Meaning
to incorrectly credit something, such as a work or remark, to the wrong person or source
Example
The quote was misattributed to Shakespeare.
La citation a été mal attribuée à Shakespeare.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

poutre
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
Les poutres du vieux grenier étaient exposées.
B2 noun /kəˈrɪkjələm/

curriculum

programme d'études
Meaning
The subjects comprising a course of study in a school, college, or university.
Example
The school updated its curriculum to include more digital literacy courses.
L'école a mis à jour son programme d'études pour inclure davantage de cours de littératie numérique.
B1 adjective /ˈhoʊli/

Holy

sacré; dédié à Dieu ou à des fins religieuses; moralement et spirituellement excellent
Meaning
sacred; dedicated to God or religious purposes; morally and spiritually excellent
Example
The holy shrine attracts thousands of pilgrims every year.
Le sanctuaire sacré attire des milliers de pèlerins chaque année.
B2 noun ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti

integrity

intégrité
Meaning
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.
Example
Teachers' integrity fosters a positive learning environment.
L'intégrité des enseignants favorise un environnement d'apprentissage positif.
C1 verb /ˈkwɪvər/

quiver

trembler
Meaning
To tremble or shake with slight but rapid motion.
Example
Her lips began to quiver as she tried not to cry.
Ses lèvres ont commencé à trembler quand elle a essayé de ne pas pleurer.
B2 noun /ˈlɒtəri/

lottery

loterie
Meaning
A means of raising money by selling numbered tickets and giving prizes to the holders of numbers drawn at random.
Example
He won a car in the national lottery.
Il a gagné une voiture à la loterie nationale.
C2 verb /ˌdɛlɪˈkwɛs/

deliquesce

devenir liquide en absorbant l'humidité de l'air
Meaning
to become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air
Example
The salt began to deliquesce after being left in the humid room.
Le sel a commencé à se délier après avoir été laissé dans la pièce humide.
A2 noun /streŋθ/

Strength

force; puissance; résistance
Meaning
the quality or state of being physically strong; power or force
Example
Regular exercise helps build muscle strength.
L'exercice régulier aide à développer la force musculaire.