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B2 adjective /ˌsʌp.lɪˈmen.tər.i/

Supplementary

supplémentaire; supplémentaire; additionnel
Meaning
completing or making an addition to something; additional; extra
Example
Students need to buy supplementary books for the course.
Les étudiants doivent acheter des livres supplémentaires pour le cours.
B2 verb /ˈpɒndər/

ponder

réfléchir profondément
Meaning
to think about something carefully
Example
She pondered over the meaning of the poem.
Elle a réfléchi profondément au sens du poème.
B2 noun, verb /ˈpɛdəl/

pedal

levier actionné par le pied
Meaning
A foot-operated lever for powering or controlling a mechanism, especially on a bicycle.
Example
He pressed down hard on the bicycle pedal.
Il appuya fort sur la pédale du vélo.
B2 noun ˈnɒv.əl.ti

novelty

nouveauté
Meaning
The quality of being new, original, or unusual; a new or unfamiliar thing or experience.
Example
The novelty of the invention attracted investors.
La nouveauté de l'invention a attiré les investisseurs.
B2 noun /ˈriːzənɪŋ/

reasoning

raisonnement
Meaning
the process of thinking about something in a logical way in order to form a conclusion or judgment
Example
Her reasoning for leaving was clear and logical.
Son raisonnement pour partir était clair et logique.
B2 verb /paɪn/

pine

désirer profondément
Meaning
to long intensely for something or someone; to suffer from longing
Example
He pined for his hometown after moving abroad.
Après avoir déménagé à l'étranger, il ressentait profondément la nostalgie de sa ville natale.
B2 adjective /əˈkjuːt/

acute

aigu
Meaning
present or experienced to a severe or intense degree; having sharp perception
Example
The patient suffered from acute pain after the surgery.
Le patient a souffert d'une douleur aiguë après l'opération.
B2 noun/adjective /ˌædəˈlɛsənt/

adolescent

adolescent
Meaning
A young person in the process of developing from a child into an adult.
Example
Adolescents often experience rapid physical and emotional changes.
Les adolescents vivent souvent des changements physiques et émotionnels rapides.
B2 noun /ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃər/

expenditure

dépense
Meaning
The action of spending funds; an amount of money spent.
Example
Managing expenditure is critical for budgeting.
Gérer les dépenses est essentiel pour établir un budget.
B2 noun rɪˈpʌb.lɪk

republic

république
Meaning
A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, with an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
Example
A republic is governed by representatives of the people.
Une république est gouvernée par les représentants du peuple.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmjuːn/

immune

immunisé
Meaning
protected from disease or from the effects of something
Example
Children who are vaccinated are immune to many diseases.
Les enfants vaccinés sont immunisés contre de nombreuses maladies.
B2 noun /kɒt/

Cot

Lit de bébé
Meaning
a small bed, especially a portable one or one for a baby
Example
The baby sleeps peacefully in her cot.
Le bébé dort paisiblement dans son lit de bébé.
B2 adjective, noun, verb /ˈæb.strækt/

abstract

abstrait, résumé
Meaning
existing in thought or as an idea but not having physical or concrete existence; a summary of a text
Example
The artist is known for her abstract paintings.
L'artiste est connue pour ses peintures abstraites.
B2 adjective /ˈaʊtˌɡoʊɪŋ/

outgoing

sociable
Meaning
Friendly and sociable; inclined to mix with others.
Example
He is an outgoing person who loves meeting new people.
C'est une personne sociable qui aime rencontrer de nouvelles personnes.
B2 noun /kənˈfɛkʃəneri/

confectionery

confiserie
Meaning
sweets, candies, and other food items made with sugar
Example
The shop sells a wide variety of confectionery.
Le magasin vend une grande variété de confiserie.
B2 adjective /ˈsoʊʃəbəl/

Sociable

sociable; amical; extraverti
Meaning
friendly and enjoys being with other people; outgoing
Example
She is very sociable and makes friends easily.
Elle est très sociable et se fait des amis facilement.
B2 noun ˌɪn.təˈven.ʃən

intervention

intervention
Meaning
The action or process of intervening; involvement in a situation to improve or help it.
Example
The intervention of the UN was crucial in resolving the conflict.
L'intervention de l'ONU a été cruciale pour résoudre le conflit.
B2 noun ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəlz

intellectuals

intellectuels
Meaning
People possessing a highly developed intellect; scholars or academics.
Example
Intellectuals protested against the dominance.
Les intellectuels ont protesté contre la domination.
B2 verb /ʌnˈveɪl/

unveil

dévoiler
Meaning
to reveal or disclose something, especially in a formal manner
Example
The company will unveil a new product next week.
L'entreprise dévoilera un nouveau produit la semaine prochaine.
B2 noun /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk ˈsɪs.təm/

economic system

système économique
Meaning
The organized framework for production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services in society.
Example
Capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies are types of economic systems.
Le capitalisme, le socialisme et les économies mixtes sont des types de systèmes économiques.
B2 noun /ˈdeɪ.tə briːtʃ/

data breach

violation de données
Meaning
Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information through security violation
Example
A data breach exposed millions of users' passwords.
Une violation de données a exposé les mots de passe de millions d'utilisateurs.
B2 noun /ˈblæk.smɪθ/

Blacksmith

forgeron
Meaning
a person who makes and repairs things made of iron
Example
The blacksmith hammered the hot iron into a horseshoe.
Le forgeron a martelé le fer chaud en un fer à cheval.
B2 noun /ˈvel.vɪt/

Velvet

velours
Meaning
a soft, luxurious fabric with a thick, short pile on one side
Example
The royal curtains were made of rich red velvet.
Les rideaux royaux étaient faits de riche velours rouge.
B2 noun /dɪsˈpoʊzl/

disposal

élimination
Meaning
the action or process of getting rid of something
Example
The disposal of waste is crucial for maintaining a clean environment.
L'élimination des déchets est cruciale pour maintenir un environnement propre.
B2 noun ˈdɪdʒɪtəl ˈfɔːrmæt

Digital Format

format numérique
Meaning
A format in which information is stored as electronic data.
Example
A digital format family tree can be shared online.
Un arbre généalogique en format numérique peut être partagé en ligne.
B2 adjective /əˈbʌndənt/

abundant

abondant
Meaning
existing or available in large quantities; plentiful
Example
The garden was abundant with colorful flowers.
Le jardin était plein de fleurs colorées.
B2 noun/adjective /səˈvɪliən/

civilian

civil
Meaning
a person not in the armed forces or police
Example
The area was evacuated to protect the civilians.
La zone a été évacuée pour protéger les civils.
B2 noun /ˈmoʊ.tɪv/

Motive

motif; raison; incitation
Meaning
a reason for doing something; what drives someone to act
Example
The police are investigating the motive for the crime.
La police enquête sur le motif du crime.
B2 adjective /ˈɛθnɪk/

ethnic

ethnique
Meaning
relating to a population subgroup with a common national or cultural tradition
Example
The festival celebrated the city's diverse ethnic communities.
Le festival a célébré les diverses communautés ethniques de la ville.
B2 verb /ˈɪr.ɪ.teɪt/

irritate

irriter
Meaning
To make someone annoyed or angry; to cause discomfort or inflammation.
Example
Rubbing your eyes can irritate them.
Se frotter les yeux peut les irriter.
B2 verb /ɪmˈbɛd/

embed

intégrer
Meaning
to fix something firmly into a surrounding mass or context
Example
The journalist was embedded with the military unit.
Le journaliste était intégré avec l'unité militaire.
B2 adjective /prɛsˈtɪdʒəs/

prestigious

prestigieux
Meaning
having a high reputation; respected
Example
Harvard University is one of the most prestigious universities in the world.
L'Université de Harvard est l'une des universités les plus prestigieuses du monde.
B2 verb, noun, adjective /streɪ/

stray

égarer
Meaning
to move away from the correct path or go off course; a person or animal that has wandered off; something that is not where it belongs
Example
The dog strayed from the yard and got lost.
Le chien s'est égaré du jardin et s'est perdu.
B2 adjective /ɡeɪ/

gay

gay
Meaning
sexually attracted to people of the same sex; also used to mean cheerful or lively
Example
He came out as gay during college.
Il est sorti du placard comme gay pendant ses études.
B2 noun ˈfeɪs tə ˈfeɪs ˈbætl

face-to-face battle

bataille face à face
Meaning
A direct confrontation or fight between opposing forces.
Example
The warriors fought a face-to-face battle with the enemies.
Les guerriers ont mené une bataille face à face avec les ennemis.
B2 noun ˈbaɪ.əs

bias

biais, préjugé
Meaning
Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.
Example
The judge must remain free from bias.
Le juge doit rester libre de tout biais.
B2 verb/adjective /ɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

articulate

articuler
Meaning
to express thoughts or ideas clearly; having the ability to speak fluently and clearly
Example
She was able to articulate her ideas during the meeting.
Elle a pu articuler ses idées pendant la réunion.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

contamination
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
La contamination de l'air cause des problèmes de santé.
B2 verb /swaɪp/

swipe

balayer
Meaning
to move your finger across a touch screen or to hit with a sweeping motion
Example
He swiped left on the photo.
Il a swipé à gauche sur la photo.
B2 noun /rɪˈlaɪ.əns/

Reliance

dépendance
Meaning
the state of depending on something or someone for support or help
Example
His reliance on technology is concerning.
Sa dépendance à la technologie est préoccupante.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmɜːrdʒɪŋ/

emerging

émergent
Meaning
becoming known, developing, or starting to exist
Example
Bangladesh is one of the fastest emerging economies in the world.
Le Bangladesh est l'une des économies émergentes les plus rapides du monde.
B2 adjective /ˈfʌŋkʃənl/

functional

fonctionnel
Meaning
designed to be practical and useful, rather than just decorative
Example
The design of the chair is simple but highly functional.
Le design de la chaise est simple mais très fonctionnel.
B2 verb /skrʌb/

scrub

frotter
Meaning
To rub hard so as to clean, typically with a brush and water.
Example
Excessive scrubbing of the eyes is harmful.
Se frotter les yeux de manière excessive est nuisible.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈbʌmpər/

bumper

pare-chocs
Meaning
A protective bar at the front or back of a vehicle; also used to describe something unusually large or successful.
Example
The farmer celebrated a bumper harvest this year.
Le fermier a célébré une récolte exceptionnelle cette année.
B2 noun helθ ˈhæzərdz

health hazards

risques pour la santé
Meaning
Risks or dangers to physical health and well-being that can cause illness or injury.
Example
Plastic usage leads to significant health hazards.
L'utilisation du plastique entraîne des risques de santé importants.
B2 noun ˈæn.ɪk.doʊt

anecdote

une histoire courte et intéressante utilisée dans des discours ou des écrits
Meaning
A short interesting story used in speeches or writing.
Example
A well-placed anecdote makes a speech more relatable.
Une anecdote bien placée rend un discours plus relatable.
B2 noun /ˈlɪstɪŋ/

listing

liste
Meaning
a series of items or names written or printed in a specific order
Example
The listing of available jobs was updated daily.
La liste des emplois disponibles était mise à jour quotidiennement.
B2 noun /ɪnˈveɪʒən/

invasion

invasion
Meaning
An instance of invading a country, region, or personal space with armed force or unwelcome presence.
Example
The army prepared for the possibility of an invasion.
L'armée s'est préparée à la possibilité d'une invasion.
B2 noun /ˌveəriˈeɪʃən/

Variation

variation; changement; différence de condition ou de niveau
Meaning
a change or difference in condition, amount, or level; a different or distinct form or version of something
Example
There was a significant variation in temperature throughout the day.
Il y a eu une variation significative de la température tout au long de la journée.
B2 adjective /ˈfʌsi/

fussy

pointilleux
Meaning
hard to please; very concerned with details
Example
The child is very fussy about what she eats.
L'enfant est très pointilleux sur ce qu'il mange.
B2 verb /səˈsteɪn/

sustain

soutenir
Meaning
To support, maintain, or keep something going over time.
Example
The team worked hard to sustain their success.
L'équipe a travaillé dur pour soutenir leur succès.
B2 verb /kənˈfɔːrm/

conform

se conformer
Meaning
To comply with rules, standards, or laws.
Example
Students must conform to the school regulations.
Les étudiants doivent se conformer aux règlements scolaires.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈsɜːrtənli/

uncertainly

avec incertitude
Meaning
in a way that shows doubt or lack of certainty
Example
She glanced uncertainly at the complicated instructions.
Elle a regardé les instructions compliquées avec incertitude.
B2 noun /frɒk/

Frock

robe
Meaning
a dress, especially a simple or casual one for women or children
Example
The little girl wore a pink frock to her birthday party.
La petite fille portait une robe rose à sa fête d'anniversaire.
B2 noun ˈəʊnəʃɪp

ownership

propriété
Meaning
The act, state, or right of possessing something; legal title to something.
Example
Ownership of resources was crucial.
La propriété des ressources était cruciale.
B2 noun ˈʃeɪdɪd ˈɛəriə

shaded area

zone ombragée
Meaning
An area that is protected from direct sunlight.
Example
We sat in a shaded area by the riverbank.
Nous nous sommes assis dans une zone ombragée près de la rive.
B2 noun /ˈsiːkər/

seeker

chercheur
Meaning
a person who is looking for something, especially knowledge or truth
Example
The seeker traveled far to find the answers to his questions.
Le chercheur a voyagé loin pour trouver les réponses à ses questions.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪtɪk/

critic

critique
Meaning
A person who judges the merits of something, especially art or literature
Example
The film critic praised the director's latest movie.
Le critique de cinéma a loué le dernier film du réalisateur.
B2 noun /dɪˈpen.dənt/

Dependent

dépendant; à charge
Meaning
a person who relies on another for financial support; someone who depends on others
Example
As a tax dependent, she could not file her own tax return separately.
En tant que personne à charge fiscale, elle n'a pas pu soumettre sa propre déclaration de revenus séparément.
B2 adjective /æpt/

apt

apte
Meaning
Appropriate or suitable; having a natural tendency or quick to learn.
Example
She is an apt student who quickly understands new concepts.
Elle est une élève apte qui comprend rapidement de nouveaux concepts.
B2 verb /ɡraɪnd/

grind

moudre
Meaning
to crush into small particles; to work hard
Example
She grinds coffee beans every morning.
Elle broie des grains de café tous les matins.
B2 adjective /ˈfɔːlti/

faulty

défectueux
Meaning
Having defects or imperfections; not working properly
Example
The device stopped working because it was faulty.
L'appareil a cessé de fonctionner parce qu'il était défectueux.
B2 verb /rɪˈliːv/

relieve

soulager
Meaning
to make pain, distress, or difficulty less severe or serious
Example
The medicine helped relieve his headache.
Le médicament a aidé à soulager son mal de tête.
B2 verb /hɔːlt/

halt

arrêter
Meaning
to stop or bring to a stop
Example
The train suddenly halted at the station.
Le train s'est arrêté soudainement à la station.
B2 noun /dɪkˈteɪtə/

dictator

dictateur
Meaning
a ruler with total power over a country, typically one who has obtained control by force
Example
The dictator ruled the country with an iron fist.
Le dictateur dirigeait le pays d'une main de fer.
B2 noun ˈɔː.bɪt

orbit

orbite
Meaning
The curved path of a celestial object around a star, planet, or moon.
Example
The satellite maintains its orbit around Earth.
Le satellite maintient son orbite autour de la Terre.
B2 adjective /kəˈmɛndəbl̩/

commendable

digne d'éloges
Meaning
deserving praise or approval
Example
Her dedication to the project was truly commendable.
Son engagement envers le projet était vraiment digne d'éloges.
B2 noun /traɪb/

tribe

tribu
Meaning
a social group consisting of people with common customs, language, and culture
Example
The tribe lived in harmony with nature.
La tribu vivait en harmonie avec la nature.
B2 verb /nɪt/

knit

tricoter
Meaning
To make clothes or fabric by interlocking loops of yarn with needles.
Example
She loves to knit scarves for her friends during the winter.
Elle aime tricoter des écharpes pour ses amis pendant l'hiver.
B2 noun /ˈsɪləbəs/

syllabus

programme d'études
Meaning
An outline or summary of topics to be covered in a course of study.
Example
The professor handed out the syllabus on the first day of class.
Le professeur a distribué le programme d'études le premier jour du cours.
B2 noun /saɪˈkaɪətrɪst/

psychiatrist

psychiatre
Meaning
a medical doctor specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness
Example
The psychiatrist prescribed medication for the patient’s anxiety.
Le psychiatre a prescrit des médicaments pour l'anxiété du patient.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

councillor

conseiller municipal
Meaning
an elected member of a local council who helps make decisions and represent the community
Example
The councillor spoke to residents about improving local roads.
Le conseiller municipal a parlé des routes locales.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl/

Undesirable

indésirable; nuisible; désagréable
Meaning
not wanted or wished for; harmful or unpleasant
Example
The new policy had several undesirable consequences.
La nouvelle politique a eu plusieurs conséquences indésirables.
B2 noun ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃənz

allegations

allégations
Meaning
Claims or assertions that someone has done something illegal or wrong, typically without proof.
Example
The allegations were investigated by an international body.
Les allégations ont été examinées par un organisme international.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

se livrer
Meaning
to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively
Example
He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.
Il s'est adonné à un morceau de gâteau au chocolat après le dîner.
B2 verb /pərˈsɪst/

persist

persister
Meaning
to continue firmly in an action or opinion despite difficulty or opposition
Example
She decided to persist in her efforts to learn French.
Elle a décidé de persister dans ses efforts pour apprendre le français.
B2 adverb /kənˈsɪstəntli/

consistently

constamment
Meaning
in a way that does not vary; regularly and dependably
Example
She has been performing consistently well in her studies.
Elle a constamment bien performé dans ses études.
B2 noun /əˈlaʊəns/

Allowance

allocation
Meaning
a sum of money paid regularly to a person; permission to do something
Example
Children receive a weekly allowance for helping with chores.
Les enfants reçoivent une allocation hebdomadaire pour aider avec les corvées.
B2 adjective /ˈdæmɪdʒɪŋ/

damaging

prejudiciable
Meaning
causing harm or injury
Example
The storm caused damaging effects to the crops.
La tempête a provoqué des effets dommageables sur les cultures.
B2 adverb /ˈraɪtli/

Rightly

correctement; de manière appropriée; justement
Meaning
correctly; properly; justly
Example
She rightly pointed out the mistakes in the report.
Elle a justement souligné les erreurs dans le rapport.
B2 adjective /ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk/

psychiatric

psychiatrique
Meaning
relating to mental illness or its treatment
Example
The psychiatric hospital provides care for those with severe conditions.
L'hôpital psychiatrique fournit des soins à ceux qui souffrent de troubles graves.
B2 noun /ˈbætəlˌfiːld/

battlefield

champ de bataille
Meaning
a place where a battle is fought
Example
The battlefield was covered with the remnants of the fight.
Le champ de bataille était couvert des restes du combat.
B2 noun /ˈluː.nər ɪˈklɪps/

Lunar eclipse

éclipse lunaire
Meaning
an eclipse in which the moon appears darkened as it passes into the earth's shadow
Example
We watched the lunar eclipse from our backyard.
Nous avons observé l'éclipse lunaire depuis notre jardin.
B2 noun /ˈpriː.tɛns/ or /prɪˈtɛns/

pretense

prétention, faux-semblant
Meaning
A false appearance or claim; an act of pretending.
Example
His kindness was only a pretense to gain trust.
Sa gentillesse n'était qu'un faux-semblant pour gagner la confiance.
B2 noun, verb /ˈɑːrkaɪv/

archive

archive
Meaning
A collection of historical documents or records; to store or preserve information for future use.
Example
The library decided to archive all the old manuscripts.
La bibliothèque a décidé d'archiver tous les anciens manuscrits.
B2 noun /həˈræsmənt/

harassment

harcèlement
Meaning
aggressive pressure or intimidation; unwanted and repeated behavior causing discomfort
Example
The company has a strict policy against workplace harassment.
L'entreprise a une politique stricte contre le harcèlement au travail.
B2 noun /bɪˈliːvər/

believer

croyant
Meaning
a person who believes in something, especially a religious faith, idea, or principle
Example
She is a strong believer in hard work and honesty.
Elle est une fervente croyante du travail acharné et de l’honnêteté.
B2 noun /sɛnt/

scent

parfum
Meaning
a distinctive smell, especially a pleasant one
Example
The scent of roses filled the garden.
Le parfum des roses remplissait le jardin.
B2 noun /ˈpɒp.i/

Poppy

coquelicot
Meaning
a bright red flower with black seeds, often used as a symbol of remembrance
Example
The red poppy bloomed beautifully in the garden.
Le coquelicot rouge a magnifiquement fleuri dans le jardin.
B2 noun /ˈpɑːs.tʃər/

Posture

bonheur
Meaning
the position in which someone holds their body; a particular attitude or approach
Example
Good posture is important for preventing back pain.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun /ˈskʌlp.tʃər/

Sculpture

sculpture; art de créer des objets par sculpture
Meaning
the art of making objects by carving; a work of art made by carving
Example
The museum displays ancient Greek sculpture.
Le musée présente une sculpture grecque ancienne.
B2 noun ˌsɛlf ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn

self-discipline

autodiscipline
Meaning
The ability to control one's emotions and behavior.
Example
Self-discipline is crucial for achieving long-term success.
L'autodiscipline est cruciale pour réussir à long terme.
B2 noun ˌjuːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən

utilization

utilisation
Meaning
The action of making practical and effective use of something.
Example
Increased plastic utilization calls for better waste management.
L'augmentation de l'utilisation du plastique nécessite une meilleure gestion des déchets.
B2 adjective /dɪm/

Dim

sombre; peu de lumière; faible
Meaning
not bright; having little light; faint
Example
The room was dim with only a small candle for light.
La pièce était sombre, avec seulement une petite bougie pour la lumière.
B2 noun /flɔː/

flaw

défaut
Meaning
a defect or imperfection in something
Example
The diamond had a small flaw that was barely visible.
Le diamant avait un petit défaut à peine visible.
B2 verb /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

lying

mentir
Meaning
the act of not telling the truth
Example
He was caught lying about his grades.
Il a été attrapé en train de mentir sur ses notes.
B2 noun hɛdʒ

hedge

stratégie de couverture
Meaning
A way of protecting oneself against financial loss or other adverse circumstances.
Example
Investors use hedging strategies to protect against market volatility.
Les investisseurs utilisent des stratégies de couverture pour se protéger contre la volatilité du marché.
B2 noun /pænˈdɛmɪk/

pandemic

pandémie
Meaning
An outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale.
Example
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the world dramatically.
La pandémie de COVID-19 a changé le monde de manière spectaculaire.
B2 noun /ˈklɒzɪt/

closet

armoire
Meaning
a small room or enclosed space used for storing clothes or other things
Example
She keeps her winter coats in the closet near the door.
Elle garde ses manteaux d'hiver dans l'armoire près de la porte.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈkaɪndli/

unkindly

cruellement
Meaning
in a cruel, harsh, or unsympathetic manner
Example
She spoke unkindly about her colleague during the meeting.
Elle a parlé cruellement de son collègue pendant la réunion.
B2 adjective /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/

tropical

tropical
Meaning
Relating to the tropics; characterized by hot and humid climate.
Example
The Amazon rainforest is home to many tropical species.
La forêt amazonienne abrite de nombreuses espèces tropicales.
B2 noun /ˌvʌl.nər.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

vulnerability

vulnérabilité
Meaning
The quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed.
Example
Addressing vulnerability is crucial for stability.
Aborder la vulnérabilité est crucial pour la stabilité.
B2 noun /ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/

evolution

évolution
Meaning
the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form
Example
The theory of evolution explains how species change over time.
La théorie de l'évolution explique comment les espèces changent au fil du temps.
B2 noun kəˈmɒd.ə.ti

commodity

marchandise
Meaning
A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold.
Example
Oil is a valuable commodity in the global market.
Le pétrole est une marchandise précieuse sur le marché mondial.
B2 adjective /rɪˈflektɪv/

Reflective

réfléchi; pensif; capable de refléter la lumière ou les images
Meaning
thoughtful; contemplative; able to reflect light or images
Example
After the meeting, he was in a reflective mood.
Après la réunion, il était dans un état d'esprit réfléchi.
B2 adjective /ˈstɛdi/

steady

stable
Meaning
firm, stable, and not likely to change suddenly
Example
He kept his hand steady while painting the picture.
Il a gardé sa main stable en peignant le tableau.
B2 adjective /suːˈpriːm/

Supreme

suprême
Meaning
highest in rank, authority, or quality; greatest; most important
Example
The Supreme Court made the final decision.
La Cour suprême a pris la décision finale.
B2 noun /trænˈzækʃən/

transaction

transaction
Meaning
an instance of buying or selling something; a business deal or exchange
Example
Every online transaction is recorded for security purposes.
Chaque transaction en ligne est enregistrée à des fins de sécurité.
B2 verb aɪˈdɛntɪfaɪd

identified

identifié
Meaning
To recognize or establish who or what someone or something is.
Example
The root causes of the issue need to be identified.
Les causes profondes du problème doivent être identifiées.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

crédible
Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
Son explication était suffisamment crédible pour convaincre le comité.
B2 adjective + noun æmˈbɪʃəs ɪnˈdevər

ambitious endeavor

effort ambitieux
Meaning
A bold and determined attempt to achieve something challenging.
Example
Artemis is an ambitious endeavor in space exploration.
Artemis est un effort ambitieux dans l'exploration spatiale.
B2 adjective /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idle

paresseux; inactif; ne travaillant pas
Meaning
lazy; inactive; not working or being used
Example
The factory workers were idle during the strike.
Les ouvriers de l'usine étaient inactifs pendant la grève.
B2 adjective /əˈfektɪd/

Affected

affecté; touché
Meaning
influenced; impacted; touched by something
Example
The flood-affected areas need immediate assistance.
Les zones touchées par les inondations ont besoin d'une assistance immédiate.
B2 adjective /hɑːˈspɪtəbəl/

Hospitable

accueillant et amical envers les étrangers ou les invités ; généreux dans l'accueil des invités
Meaning
friendly and welcoming to strangers or guests; generous in receiving guests
Example
The local people were very hospitable to the tourists.
Les habitants locaux étaient très accueillants envers les touristes.
B2 adjective /self səˈfɪʃənt/

Self-sufficient

autonome
Meaning
able to provide for oneself without depending on others
Example
The farm is completely self-sufficient in producing vegetables.
La ferme est complètement autonome pour la production de légumes.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəbəl/

unpredictable

imprévisible
Meaning
not able to be predicted; changing suddenly and unexpectedly
Example
The weather in this region is highly unpredictable.
Le climat de cette région est très imprévisible.
B2 noun /ɪˈmɜːrdʒəns/

emergence

émergence
Meaning
the process of coming into view, existence, or prominence
Example
The emergence of new technologies has transformed communication.
L'émergence de nouvelles technologies a transformé la communication.
B2 noun /ˈlaɪnˌʌp/

lineup

alignement
Meaning
a group of people or things arranged in a sequence
Example
The event featured a star-studded lineup of musicians.
L'événement mettait en vedette un alignement d'artistes de renommée internationale.
B2 adjective /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

Distinct

distinct; unique; clair; reconnaissable
Meaning
separate and different; clear and recognizable; unique
Example
Each painting has its own distinct style and character.
Chaque peinture a son propre style et caractère distinct.
B2 noun /ˈfriːˌlænsər/

freelancer

travailleur indépendant
Meaning
A person who works independently without being permanently employed by one organization.
Example
She works as a freelancer designing websites for different clients.
Elle travaille en tant que freelance en concevant des sites web pour différents clients.
B2 noun /ˈbɒdiɡɑːrd/

bodyguard

garde du corps
Meaning
a person employed to protect someone from harm
Example
The celebrity arrived with her bodyguard.
La célébrité est arrivée avec son garde du corps.