supercilious
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C2 adjective /ˌsuː.pɚˈsɪl.i.əs/

supercilious

arrogant
Meaning
Behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others; arrogant and disdainful.
Example
She gave him a supercilious smile as if he was beneath her.
Elle lui a fait un sourire arrogant comme s'il était en dessous d'elle.
B1 adjective /ˌstreɪt ˈfɔːr.wərd/

Straight forward

honnête et clair; pas compliqué; facile à comprendre
Meaning
honest and open; not complicated; easy to understand
Example
His explanation was very straightforward and easy to follow.
Son explication était très claire et facile à suivre.
C1 verb /smɜrk/

smirk

sourire d'un air suffisant
Meaning
to smile in a self-satisfied, smug, or silly way
Example
He smirked when he won the argument.
Il a souri lorsqu'il a gagné la dispute.
A2 noun /siːd/

seed

graine
Meaning
the small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant can grow
Example
I planted a seed in the garden.
J'ai planté une graine dans le jardin.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌltri/

sultry

chaud et humide, attrayant
Meaning
Uncomfortably hot and humid; also describes someone attractive in a passionate or sensual way.
Example
The sultry weather made it hard to focus on work.
Le temps chaud et humide rendait difficile de se concentrer sur le travail.
B2 noun /ˈsæksəfoʊn/

Saxophone

saxophone
Meaning
a wind musical instrument with a curved metal body and a single reed mouthpiece
Example
The jazz musician played a beautiful solo on his saxophone.
Le musicien de jazz a joué un magnifique solo sur son saxophone.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

serein et paisible
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Le lac avait une atmosphère sereine et paisible.
A2 noun /spɒt/

spot

endroit
Meaning
a particular place or position
Example
I found a great spot for a picnic in the park.
J'ai trouvé un excellent endroit pour un pique-nique dans le parc.
B2 verb /swaɪp/

swipe

balayer
Meaning
to move your finger across a touch screen or to hit with a sweeping motion
Example
He swiped left on the photo.
Il a swipé à gauche sur la photo.
B2 adjective /ˈʃæb.i/

Shabby

usé; en mauvais état; montrant des signes d'usure; injuste ou cruel
Meaning
worn out; in poor condition; showing signs of wear; unfair or mean
Example
His shabby clothes showed that he had been traveling for days.
Ses vêtements usés montraient qu'il voyageait depuis des jours.
B2 adjective /suːˈpriːm/

Supreme

suprême
Meaning
highest in rank, authority, or quality; greatest; most important
Example
The Supreme Court made the final decision.
La Cour suprême a pris la décision finale.
B2 noun /ˈʃɔːr.tɪdʒ/

Shortage

pénurie
Meaning
a lack or deficiency of something that is needed or expected
Example
There is a severe water shortage in the region.
Il y a une grave pénurie d'eau dans la région.
C1 adjective /ˈstæɡ.nənt/

Stagnant

stagnant; immobile; sans développement
Meaning
not moving or flowing; showing no activity or development
Example
The stagnant water in the pond was covered with algae.
L'eau stagnante dans l'étang était recouverte d'algues.
B1 adjective ˈsen.sɪ.tɪv

sensitive

sensible
Meaning
Quick to detect or respond to slight changes, signals, or influences.
Example
Sensitive systems require precise handling.
Les systèmes sensibles nécessitent une gestion précise.
B2 noun /strɔː/

straw

paille ou tige
Meaning
a thin tube for sucking up liquids; dried stalks of grain plants
Example
She drank the juice through a straw.
Elle a bu le jus à travers une paille.
C1 noun /sɪlt/

silt

limon
Meaning
Fine sand, clay, or other material carried by running water and deposited as a sediment.
Example
The river deposited layers of silt along its banks.
Le fleuve a déposé des couches de limon le long de ses rives.
C2 adjective /sʌbˈlɪŋɡwəl/

sublingual

sublingual
Meaning
situated or applied under the tongue
Example
The doctor prescribed a sublingual tablet for faster absorption.
Le médecin a prescrit un comprimé sublingual pour une absorption plus rapide.
C2 noun /ˈsɪŋkrəˌnɪzəm/

synchronism

synchronisme
Meaning
The simultaneous occurrence of events or actions.
Example
The synchronism of the dancers' movements amazed the audience.
Le synchronisme des mouvements des danseurs a émerveillé le public.
A2 noun ˈsaɪəns

science

science
Meaning
The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
Example
Science continues to explore the unknown.
La science continue d'explorer l'inconnu.
C1 adjective ˌsɪmbɪˈɒtɪk

symbiotic

symbiotique
Meaning
Involving interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association.
Example
The relationship between the bee and the flower is symbiotic.
La relation entre l'abeille et la fleur est symbiotique.
A2 noun /ˈsɪstəm/

system

système
Meaning
a set of connected parts forming a complex whole; an organized method
Example
The education system needs major reforms.
Le système éducatif a besoin de réformes majeures.
C1 adjective /ˈsɛptɪk/

septic

infecté
Meaning
Infected with harmful bacteria; relating to or causing infection.
Example
The doctor treated the patient's septic wound immediately.
Le médecin a immédiatement traité la plaie septique du patient.
C2 adjective /ˈʃɪft.ləs/

shiftless

paresseux
Meaning
Lacking ambition or the ability to accomplish anything; lazy and unmotivated.
Example
He was seen as a shiftless young man with no goals.
Il a été vu comme un jeune homme paresseux sans objectifs.
B2 adjective /ˈskɛptɪkəl/

skeptical

sceptique
Meaning
not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations
Example
She was skeptical about the new plan.
Elle était sceptique à propos du nouveau plan.
B1 noun ˈstrʌɡ.əl

struggle

lutte
Meaning
A forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack; a determined effort under difficult circumstances.
Example
The struggle for independence united the nation.
La lutte pour l'indépendance a uni la nation.
A2 noun /siːn/

scene

scène
Meaning
a place or setting of an event or activity, or the part of a play or film
Example
The final scene of the movie was very emotional.
La scène finale du film était très émotive.
C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

désordre total
Meaning
a state of complete disorder or ruin
Example
After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.
Après la tempête, toute la ville était en désordre total.
B1 adverb /ˈʃɔːt.li/

Shortly

bientôt; dans peu de temps; brièvement
Meaning
soon; in a short time; briefly
Example
The meeting will begin shortly.
La réunion commencera bientôt.
C1 adjective /ˈstrɪndʒənt/

stringent

strict
Meaning
strict, precise, and exacting
Example
The government imposed stringent measures during the crisis.
Le gouvernement a imposé des mesures strictes pendant la crise.
C2 noun (plural, informal) /skædz/

scads

des tas
Meaning
A large number or quantity of something (informal).
Example
She has scads of friends in the city.
Elle a des tas d'amis en ville.
B2 noun /ˈsɛntəmənt/

Sentiment

sentiment
Meaning
a feeling or opinion, especially one based on emotion; tender feelings of affection
Example
Public sentiment was strongly against the new policy.
L'opinion publique était fortement opposée à la nouvelle politique.
B2 verb /ʃriːk/

shriek

crier
Meaning
to make a loud, high-pitched cry
Example
She shrieked when she saw the spider.
Elle a crié quand elle a vu l'araignée.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪnjuəs/

sinuous

sinueux
Meaning
Having many curves, bends, or turns; winding.
Example
The hikers followed a sinuous path through the forest.
Les randonneurs ont suivi un chemin sinueux à travers la forêt.
B1 noun ˈstrʌk.tʃər

structure

structure
Meaning
The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex.
Example
The structure is designed for safety and functionality.
La structure est conçue pour la sécurité et la fonctionnalité.
B2 noun ˈsʌbˌaɪtəlz

subtitles

sous-titre
Meaning
Captions displayed at the bottom of a movie or television screen that translate or transcribe the dialogue or narrative.
Example
Use subtitles for better understanding.
Utilisez des sous-titres pour une meilleure compréhension.
C1 verb /smɛlt/

smelt

fondre
Meaning
to extract metal from its ore by heating and melting
Example
The workers smelt iron from its ore in the factory.
Les travailleurs fondent du fer de son minerai dans l'usine.
C2 noun /ˈstiː.vəˌdɔːr/

stevedore

dockeur
Meaning
A person employed to load and unload cargo from ships.
Example
The stevedores worked tirelessly to unload the cargo before dawn.
Les dockeurs ont travaillé sans relâche pour décharger la cargaison avant l'aube.
A2 adjective /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

single

unique
Meaning
only one; not one of several
Example
She bought a single ticket for the concert.
Elle a acheté un seul billet pour le concert.
C2 noun /ˈʃɑːdənfrɔɪdə/

schadenfreude

plaisir dérivé du malheur d'autrui
Meaning
pleasure derived from another person's misfortune
Example
He felt a sense of schadenfreude when his rival failed.
Il a ressenti un sentiment de schadenfreude lorsque son rival a échoué.
C2 adjective /ˈskʌr.ɪ.ləs/

scurrilous

calomnieux
Meaning
Using or expressed in coarse, abusive, or slanderous language.
Example
The politician faced criticism for his scurrilous remarks about his opponent.
Le politicien a fait face à des critiques pour ses remarques calomnieuses sur son adversaire.
B2 adjective /ˈstɪki/

sticky

collant
Meaning
having the quality of adhering or clinging; difficult to remove or deal with
Example
The candy is too sticky to eat with your hands.
Le bonbon est trop collant pour être mangé à la main.
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

immersion
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
L'immersion des zones côtières est une préoccupation majeure en raison de l'élévation du niveau de la mer.
A2 adjective /ˈsaɪ.lənt/

Silent

silencieux; calme; tranquille
Meaning
making no sound; quiet; not speaking
Example
The library was completely silent during study hours.
La bibliothèque était complètement silencieuse pendant les heures d'étude.
B1 noun /ˌsæt.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/

Satisfaction

satisfaction
Meaning
fulfillment of one's wishes, expectations, or needs
Example
She felt great satisfaction after completing the project.
Elle a ressenti une grande satisfaction après avoir terminé le projet.
C2 noun /ˌsuː.pər.əˈbʌn.dəns/

superabundance

superabondance
Meaning
An excessive or overflowing amount of something.
Example
The garden was filled with a superabundance of flowers.
Le jardin était rempli d'une superabondance de fleurs.
C2 noun /sneɪk ɡɔːrd/

Snake gourd

courge serpent
Meaning
a long, curved vegetable that resembles a snake, commonly used in South Asian cuisine
Example
The snake gourd grows in a twisted, serpentine shape in the garden.
La courge serpent pousse dans une forme tordue et serpentine dans le jardin.
B2 noun /stjuːˈpɪdəti/

stupidity

stupidité
Meaning
lack of intelligence or common sense
Example
His stupidity caused a lot of problems for the team.
Sa stupidité a causé beaucoup de problèmes à l'équipe.
C1 verb/noun /stuːp/

stoop

bonheur
Meaning
To bend one's body forward and downward; also a small porch or staircase at the entrance of a house
Example
He had to stoop to pick up the coin.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun /soʊp keɪs/

Soap case

boîte à savon
Meaning
a container used to store soap
Example
She bought a beautiful soap case for the bathroom.
Elle a acheté une belle boîte à savon pour la salle de bain.
C2 adjective /ˈseɪpiənt/

sapient

sage
Meaning
Wise, or appearing to be wise.
Example
The professor gave a sapient response to the complex question.
Le professeur a donné une réponse sage à la question complexe.
B2 verb /ˈstʌmbəl/

stumble

trébucher
Meaning
to trip or lose balance while walking or running; to make a mistake or falter
Example
He stumbled on the uneven pavement.
Il a trébuché sur le pavé inégal.
C2 noun /səˈnɛs.əns/

senescence

vieillissement
Meaning
The process of growing old or the condition of aging.
Example
The biologist studied senescence in plants to understand aging.
Le biologiste a étudié la sénescence des plantes pour comprendre le vieillissement.
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtɛnʃəs/

sententious

moraliste; qui donne des leçons
Meaning
Given to moralizing in a pompous or affected manner.
Example
His sententious remarks annoyed the audience.
Ses remarques moralisatrices ont agacé le public.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪlvən/

sylvan

boisé
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of the woods or forest.
Example
The cottage was set in a sylvan landscape full of tall trees.
Le chalet était situé dans un paysage boisé plein de grands arbres.
A1 noun /ʃɒp/

shop

magasin
Meaning
a place where goods are sold to customers
Example
I need to go to the shop to buy some groceries.
J'ai besoin d'aller au magasin pour acheter des courses.
B2 noun /stæns/

stance

position
Meaning
a person's attitude, opinion, or position on an issue
Example
The company took a strong stance on environmental protection.
L'entreprise a pris une position ferme sur la protection de l'environnement.
B2 noun /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪp/

stereotype

stéréotype
Meaning
A widely held but oversimplified and fixed idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
It is a stereotype that all gamers are antisocial.
C'est un stéréotype que tous les joueurs sont antisociaux.
B2 noun /səkˈses.ər/

Successor

successeur
Meaning
a person who succeeds another in office; someone who takes over a position or role
Example
The CEO announced his retirement and named his successor for the company.
Le PDG a annoncé sa retraite et a nommé son successeur pour l'entreprise.
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

ridé
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
Les fleurs se sont ridées sous le soleil chaud.
C2 adjective /stəˈkɑː.təʊ/

staccato

détaché
Meaning
short and detached in sound or style, often used in music
Example
The pianist played the notes in a staccato rhythm.
Le pianiste a joué les notes dans un rythme détaché.
B2 noun /slɒt/

slot

fente
Meaning
a narrow opening into which something fits or is placed
Example
Insert the card into the slot to open the door.
Insérez la carte dans la fente pour ouvrir la porte.
C1 verb /səˈlɪsɪt/

solicit

solliciter
Meaning
to ask for or try to obtain something from someone
Example
The charity is soliciting donations for flood victims.
La charité sollicite des dons pour les victimes des inondations.
C2 noun /spliːn/

spleen

rate; colère
Meaning
an organ in the body that produces lymphocytes and filters blood; also refers to bad temper or spite
Example
He vented his spleen on his coworkers after the meeting.
Il a exprimé sa colère sur ses collègues après la réunion.
C1 noun /ˈstænzə/

stanza

strophe
Meaning
a group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song
Example
The poem begins with a stanza describing nature.
Le poème commence par une strophe décrivant la nature.
C2 adjective /stɛnˈtɔːriən/

stentorian

tonitruant
Meaning
Extremely loud and powerful in sound.
Example
The teacher’s stentorian voice quieted the noisy classroom.
La voix tonitruante du professeur a calmé la classe bruyante.
B2 verb /sɔːr/

soar

s'envoler / augmenter rapidement
Meaning
to fly or rise high in the air; to increase rapidly or dramatically
Example
The eagle soared high above the mountains.
L'aigle s'envola haut au-dessus des montagnes.
B2 adjective /stɪf/

Stiff

rigide; ferme; dur
Meaning
not easily bent or changed; rigid; firm
Example
The old wooden board was too stiff to bend.
La vieille planche en bois était trop rigide pour se plier.
C1 /skwɒt/

squat

s'accroupir
Meaning
to crouch or sit with knees bent and body close to the ground
Example
He squatted down to tie his shoes.
Il s'est accroupi pour lacer ses chaussures.
C1 noun/verb /skɜːrdʒ/

scourge

fléau / malédiction
Meaning
A source of great pain or punishment; to whip or inflict suffering on someone.
Example
Disease and poverty remain a scourge in many regions.
La maladie et la pauvreté restent un fléau dans de nombreuses régions.
C1 noun /ˈstoʊəˌweɪ/

stowaway

passager clandestin
Meaning
A person who hides on a ship, plane, or other vehicle in order to travel secretly without paying.
Example
The crew discovered a stowaway hiding in the cargo hold.
L'équipage a découvert un passager clandestin caché dans la soute.
C1 noun /ˈstreɪnər/

Strainer

passoire
Meaning
a device having holes punched in it or made of crossed wires for separating solid matter from a liquid
Example
Use a strainer to drain the pasta water.
Utilisez une passoire pour égoutter l'eau des pâtes.
B2 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/

superficial

superficiel
Meaning
Existing or occurring at or on the surface; not thorough or deep.
Example
His understanding of the subject was rather superficial.
Sa compréhension du sujet était plutôt superficielle.
C2 noun/verb /ˈsoʊdʒɜrn/

sojourn

séjour temporaire
Meaning
A temporary stay at a place; to stay temporarily
Example
She enjoyed a brief sojourn in Paris during the summer.
Elle a apprécié un bref séjour à Paris pendant l'été.
C2 verb /ˈsʌli/

sully

salir
Meaning
to damage the purity, integrity, or reputation of something
Example
The scandal sullied the politician’s reputation.
Le scandale a sali la réputation du politicien.
A2 noun/verb /sɛns/

sense

sens
Meaning
A faculty by which the body perceives external stimuli; or to perceive something without being told.
Example
She had a strong sense of responsibility.
Elle avait un fort sens des responsabilités.
B2 noun /spekˈteɪtər/

Spectator

spectateur
Meaning
a person who watches at a show, game, or other event; an observer
Example
The stadium was filled with excited spectators.
Le stade était rempli de spectateurs enthousiastes.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈsiːzənd/

seasoned

expérimenté / assaisonné
Meaning
Experienced in a particular activity; also, flavored with spices.
Example
She is a seasoned teacher with over 20 years of experience.
Elle est une enseignante expérimentée avec plus de 20 ans d'expérience.
C1 noun ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk ˈstræt.ə.dʒi

systematic strategy

stratégie systématique
Meaning
A methodical and organized plan or approach to achieve specific objectives.
Example
A systematic strategy was employed to achieve objectives.
Une stratégie systématique a été employée pour atteindre les objectifs.
C1 noun səˈsteɪ.nə.bəl tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

sustainable technology

technologie durable
Meaning
Technology designed to meet present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs.
Example
Sustainable technology ensures a cleaner future.
La technologie durable assure un avenir plus propre.
C1 noun /ˈskwɒtər/

squatter

squatteur
Meaning
a person who unlawfully occupies an uninhabited building or unused land
Example
The police removed the squatters from the abandoned house.
La police a expulsé les squatteurs de la maison abandonnée.
C2 noun /ˈstrɪndʒənsi/

stringency

rigueur
Meaning
the quality of being strict, precise, or severe
Example
The stringency of the new rules surprised everyone.
La rigueur des nouvelles règles a surpris tout le monde.
C2 noun /skriːd/

screed

écrit long et ennuyeux
Meaning
a long, tedious piece of writing or speech; also a layer of material like cement spread on a surface
Example
He delivered a long screed against corruption.
Il a livré un long discours contre la corruption.
C2 noun /ˈseɪnjər/

seignior

seigneur féodal
Meaning
A feudal lord; a man of authority in medieval Europe.
Example
The seignior demanded taxes from the peasants.
Le seigneur féodal a exigé des taxes des paysans.
A2 adjective /sɪk/

Sick

malade; nauséeux; malade
Meaning
unwell; having a disease or illness; feeling nauseous
Example
She stayed home from work because she was feeling sick.
Elle est restée chez elle du travail car elle se sentait malade.
C1 adjective /ˈskænti/

Scanty

petit en taille ou en quantité; insuffisant; à peine suffisant
Meaning
small in size or amount; insufficient; barely adequate
Example
The refugee camp had scanty food supplies.
Le camp de réfugiés avait des provisions alimentaires insuffisantes.
B2 noun /ˈsuːpəvaɪzə(r)/

supervisor

superviseur
Meaning
a person who manages or directs the work of others
Example
The supervisor checked the progress of each employee.
Le superviseur a vérifié les progrès de chaque employé.
C1 adjective ˈskruː.pjʊ.ləs

scrupulous

scrupuleux
Meaning
Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having moral integrity; acting in strict regard for what is considered right or proper.
Example
He is known for being scrupulous in his work.
Il est connu pour être scrupuleux dans son travail.
B2 adjective /ˈʃæl.oʊ/

Shallow

superficiel; peu profond; manquant de profondeur de connaissance
Meaning
not deep; superficial; lacking depth of knowledge
Example
The shallow water is perfect for children to play.
L'eau peu profonde est parfaite pour que les enfants jouent.
C2 noun /ˌsuːpərɪnˈtɛndəns/

superintendence

supervision
Meaning
the act of overseeing, supervising, or managing
Example
The superintendence of the school is the principal’s duty.
La supervision de l'école est le devoir du principal.
C1 noun /ˈskaʊndrəl/

scoundrel

scélérat
Meaning
a dishonest or unscrupulous person; a villain
Example
That scoundrel cheated the old man out of his savings.
Ce scélérat a trompé le vieux monsieur et lui a volé ses économies.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.set/

Sunset

coucher du soleil
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun disappears below the horizon
Example
The romantic sunset painted the sky in golden colors.
Le coucher du soleil romantique a peint le ciel de couleurs dorées.
C2 noun /stɛp/

steppe

steppe
Meaning
A large flat area of unforested grassland, especially in southeastern Europe or Siberia.
Example
The nomads traveled across the vast steppe with their herds.
Les nomades ont voyagé à travers la vaste steppe avec leurs troupeaux.
B2 noun /ˈseɪf.ɡɑːrd/

Safeguard

sauvegarde
Meaning
measure or action designed to protect someone or something
Example
New safeguards were implemented to prevent data breaches.
De nouvelles sauvegardes ont été mises en place pour prévenir les violations de données.
C1 noun /ˈspɔɪlˌspɔːrt/

spoilsport

rabat-joie
Meaning
A person who ruins other people's enjoyment or fun.
Example
Don't be a spoilsport and let us enjoy the party.
Ne sois pas un rabat-joie et laisse-nous profiter de la fête.
B2 noun /ˈsaɪrən/

siren

sirène
Meaning
A device that makes a loud prolonged sound as a signal or warning; in mythology, a creature that lures sailors with enchanting songs.
Example
The police car passed with its siren blaring.
La voiture de police est passée en faisant retentir sa sirène.
C1 noun /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/

shaving

rasage
Meaning
the act of removing hair with a razor; a thin strip or piece shaved from something
Example
He bought a new cream for shaving.
Il a acheté une nouvelle crème pour le rasage.
A2 verb /ʃeɪk/

shake

secouer
Meaning
to move quickly back and forth; to tremble
Example
The earthquake made the building shake.
Le tremblement de terre a secoué le bâtiment.
B1 verb /spaɪ/

spy

espionner
Meaning
to secretly collect information about a person, group, or country
Example
He was caught spying on his neighbor through the window.
Il a été pris en flagrant délit d'espionnage sur son voisin à travers la fenêtre.
A2 noun /ˈsæd.nəs/

Sadness

tristesse, chagrin, douleur
Meaning
feeling of sorrow, unhappiness, or grief
Example
Her sadness was evident after hearing the bad news.
Sa tristesse était évidente après avoir entendu les mauvaises nouvelles.
C1 noun /səˈvænə/

savanna

savane (avec des arbres éparpillés)
Meaning
a grassy plain with scattered trees, typical of tropical and subtropical regions
Example
Giraffes browsed on acacia trees across the wide savanna.
Les girafes broutaient sur les arbres d'acacia à travers la large savane.
C1 verb /siːp/

seep

s'infiltrer lentement
Meaning
to flow or leak slowly through small openings or pores
Example
Water began to seep through the cracks in the wall.
L'eau a commencé à s'infiltrer à travers les fissures dans le mur.
C1 noun /ˌsæl.ɪ.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

salinization

augmentation de la salinité
Meaning
The process of increasing salt content in soil.
Example
Excessive irrigation can cause salinization of farmland.
L'irrigation excessive peut entraîner une augmentation de la salinité des terres agricoles.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

sermon
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
Le pasteur a donné un sermon émouvant sur la compassion et le pardon.
B1 verb /sɪˈlekt/

select

sélectionner
Meaning
to choose from a number of alternatives; to pick out
Example
Please select your favorite color.
Veuillez sélectionner votre couleur préférée.
C2 adjective /ˌsɛm.iˈsɪv.ə.laɪzd/

semicivilized

semi-civilisé
Meaning
Partially civilized; having some aspects of civilization but not fully developed.
Example
The tribe was described as semicivilized by early explorers.
La tribu a été décrite comme semi-civilisée par les premiers explorateurs.
B2 noun /ˈsʌ.plɪ.mənt/

Supplement

complément
Meaning
something that completes or adds to something else; a dietary product
Example
She takes vitamin supplements to maintain her health.
Elle prend des compléments vitaminiques pour maintenir sa santé.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

scieur
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
Le scieur habile a coupé les bûches en planches.
B2 verb /ˈstræŋɡəl/

strangle

étrangler
Meaning
to kill or stop someone or something by squeezing the throat or restricting flow
Example
The villain tried to strangle his opponent in the dark alley.
Le méchant a essayé d'étrangler son adversaire dans la ruelle sombre.
B2 noun /ˈsɜr.neɪm/

Surname

nom de famille
Meaning
a hereditary name common to all members of a family; family name
Example
Please write your first name and surname on the form.
Veuillez inscrire votre prénom et votre nom de famille sur le formulaire.
B2 noun səˈsteɪnəbl dɪˈvɛləpmənt

Sustainable Development

développement durable
Meaning
Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Example
Eco-tourism contributes to sustainable development in local communities.
L'écotourisme contribue au développement durable des communautés locales.
C1 verb /skɒf/

scoff

se moquer
Meaning
to speak about something in a mocking or dismissive way
Example
He scoffed at the idea of moving abroad.
Il s'est moqué de l'idée de déménager à l'étranger.
C2 verb /ˈsʌpjʊˌreɪt/

suppurate

supurer
Meaning
to form or discharge pus, usually as a result of infection
Example
The wound began to suppurate after a few days.
La plaie a commencé à suppurer après quelques jours.
C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

diminuer
Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
Après la tempête, les eaux de l'inondation ont commencé à diminuer.
A2 adverb /ˈstrɒŋɡli/

strongly

fortement
Meaning
in a strong manner or to a great extent
Example
She strongly believes in the power of positive thinking.
Elle croit fortement au pouvoir de la pensée positive.
C1 adjective /ˈsaɪt.ləs/

Sightless

aveugle; sans vision
Meaning
unable to see; blind; lacking vision
Example
The sightless man navigated the street with his guide dog.
L'homme aveugle a navigué dans la rue avec son chien-guide.
B2 noun /slɛdʒ/

sledge

traîneau
Meaning
a vehicle for traveling over snow, often pulled by animals
Example
The children rode a sledge down the snowy hill.
Les enfants ont monté un traîneau sur la colline enneigée.
C1 noun /səbˈmɪtəl/

submittal

soumission
Meaning
the act of submitting something, especially a document for consideration or approval
Example
The contractor sent the submittal to the client for approval.
L'entrepreneur a envoyé la soumission au client pour approbation.
B1 verb /swɪtʃ/

switch

changer
Meaning
to change from one thing to another; to exchange or replace
Example
I switched from coffee to tea.
J'ai changé de café à thé.
C1 verb /ʃɜːrk/

shirk

éviter
Meaning
to avoid or neglect a duty or responsibility
Example
He always tries to shirk his responsibilities at work.
Il essaie toujours d'éviter ses responsabilités au travail.
A2 noun/verb/adjective /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ (noun), /səbˈdʒɛkt/ (verb)

subject

sujet
Meaning
noun: a topic or theme; verb: to cause to undergo; adjective: dependent or under authority
Example
The teacher introduced a new subject in class.
Le professeur a introduit un nouveau sujet en classe.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvɪsəbl/

serviceable

utilisable
Meaning
fit for use; usable; in working order
Example
The old bicycle is still serviceable despite its age.
Le vieux vélo est encore utilisable malgré son âge.