Successor
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B2 noun /səkˈses.ər/

Successor

successeur
Meaning
a person who succeeds another in office; someone who takes over a position or role
Example
The CEO announced his retirement and named his successor for the company.
Le PDG a annoncé sa retraite et a nommé son successeur pour l'entreprise.
B2 noun /ˈhedʒhɒɡ/

Hedge-hog

hérisson
Meaning
a small mammal with a spiny coat that can roll into a ball for defense
Example
The hedgehog rolled into a ball when it felt threatened.
Le hérisson s'est roulé en boule quand il s'est senti menacé.
B1 verb /ˈwɪsəl/

whistle

siffler
Meaning
to make a high-pitched sound by blowing air through lips or teeth
Example
He likes to whistle while working.
Il aime siffler en travaillant.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

sensibilité
Meaning
the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity
Example
Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.
Sa sensibilité artistique lui a permis d'apprécier les détails fins des peintures.
C2 noun /ˈtoʊ.di/

Toady

lèche-bottes
Meaning
a person who acts obsequiously to gain favor; a sycophant
Example
He was known as a toady who always agreed with the boss.
Il était connu comme un lèche-bottes qui était toujours d'accord avec le patron.
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

prolongé, long, étendu
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
Les négociations ont duré des mois.
C2 noun /ˈbʌskɪn/

buskin

botte épaisse
Meaning
A type of thick-soled boot that reaches halfway to the knee; also associated with tragic drama in ancient times.
Example
The actor wore a buskin as part of his classical costume.
L'acteur portait un buskin comme partie de son costume classique.
C2 adjective /səˈluːtəˌtɔri/

salutatory

discours de salutation
Meaning
Relating to or expressing a greeting or an address, especially at the beginning of a speech.
Example
She delivered a salutatory address at the graduation ceremony.
Elle a prononcé un discours de salutation lors de la cérémonie de remise des diplômes.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛzənənt/

resonant

résonnant
Meaning
Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or echo.
Example
The resonant voice of the speaker filled the hall.
La voix résonnante du conférencier remplissait la salle.
B2 verb /ˈɛmɪˌɡreɪt/

emigrate

émigrer
Meaning
To leave one's own country in order to settle permanently in another.
Example
Many people emigrated from Europe to America in the 19th century.
Beaucoup de gens ont émigré d'Europe vers l'Amérique au XIXe siècle.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛntrəl/

ventral

ventral
Meaning
relating to the underside or abdominal part of an animal or organ
Example
The fish has a white ventral surface.
Le poisson a une surface ventrale blanche.
C1 noun /prɪˈzʌmp.ʃən/

Presumption

présomption; supposition;
Meaning
an idea that is taken to be true without proof
Example
There is a presumption of innocence in the legal system.
Il y a une présomption d'innocence dans le système juridique.
B2 verb /ʃrɪŋk/

shrink

rétrécir
Meaning
to become smaller in size; to draw back in fear
Example
The sweater shrank after washing in hot water.
Le pull s'est rétréci après avoir été lavé dans de l'eau chaude.
B1 noun /ˈɛlɪmənt/

element

élément
Meaning
A basic or essential part of something; a simple substance that cannot be broken down further.
Example
Trust is a key element of any strong relationship.
La confiance est un élément clé de toute relation solide.
C1 adjective skiˈmæt.ɪk

Schematic

relatif à un schéma ou bref
Meaning
Presenting some framework or concept briefly
Example
The engineer provided a schematic diagram of the project.
L'ingénieur a fourni un diagramme schématique du projet.
A2 noun /stʌf/

stuff

affaires
Meaning
a collection of things or materials, typically unspecified or uncountable
Example
She packed all her stuff into the suitcase.
Elle a mis toutes ses affaires dans la valise.
C2 noun /ˈkwaɪəˌtuːd/

quietude

quiétude
Meaning
A state of stillness and tranquility.
Example
She enjoys the quietude of the countryside.
Elle profite de la quiétude de la campagne.
B2 noun səbˈstænʃəl ˈɪmpækt

substantial impact

impact substantiel
Meaning
A significant, considerable, and meaningful effect or influence.
Example
Substantial impact is possible even with a few hours of volunteering.
Un impact substantiel est possible même avec quelques heures de bénévolat.
B2 noun /ˌdiː.haɪˈdreɪʃən/

dehydration

déshydratation
Meaning
A condition in which the body or tissue lacks adequate water content.
Example
Dehydration can lead to fatigue and confusion.
La déshydratation peut entraîner de la fatigue et de la confusion.
C1 adjective /dʒəˈnɛrɪk/

generic

générique
Meaning
characteristic of or relating to a whole group or class; not specific
Example
This medicine is available in generic form.
Ce médicament est disponible sous forme générique.
C2 noun /noʊl/

Knoll

petite colline; monticule
Meaning
a small rounded hill or mound
Example
The old oak tree stood majestically on top of the grassy knoll.
Le vieux chêne se dressait majestueusement au sommet de la petite colline herbeuse.
A1 noun /ˈrɛst(ə)rɒnt/

restaurant

restaurant
Meaning
a place where meals are prepared and served to customers
Example
We went to the restaurant for dinner.
Nous sommes allés au restaurant pour le dîner.
A1 noun /speɪs/

space

espace
Meaning
The dimensions of height, depth, and width within which all things exist and move.
Example
Space exploration expands human knowledge.
L'exploration de l'espace élargit les connaissances humaines.
A2 adverb /ˈlaʊdli/

loudly

bruyamment
Meaning
in a way that produces a lot of sound; with a high volume
Example
He spoke loudly so everyone in the room could hear him.
Il a parlé bruyamment pour que tout le monde l'entende.
B2 verb /tiːz/

Tease

taquiner
Meaning
to make fun of someone in a playful or unkind way
Example
Children often tease their younger siblings playfully.
Les enfants se moquent souvent de leurs frères et sœurs plus jeunes de manière ludique.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

conception; idée; fertilisation
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La conception de ce projet innovant a pris plusieurs mois de brainstorming.
C1 adjective /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl/

existential

existentiel
Meaning
Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.
Example
She went through an existential crisis during her midlife.
Elle a traversé une crise existentielle pendant sa vie adulte.
C1 noun ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs

genesis

genèse, origine
Meaning
The origin or mode of formation of something.
Example
The genesis of the internet changed the world forever.
La genèse d'Internet a changé le monde à jamais.
A1 noun/verb /maɪnd/

mind

esprit / prendre soin
Meaning
the part of a person that enables them to think, feel, and reason; to pay attention or take care
Example
Please mind the gap between the train and the platform.
Veuillez faire attention à l'écart entre le train et le quai.
B2 adjective /njuːˈtrɪʃ.əs/

Nutritious

nutritif
Meaning
containing substances that help the body grow and stay healthy; nourishing
Example
Eating nutritious food helps maintain good health.
Manger des aliments nutritifs aide à maintenir une bonne santé.
C1 adjective /ˈbɔɪənt/ or /ˈbuːjənt/

buoyant

flottant, joyeux
Meaning
Able to float easily; cheerful and optimistic.
Example
She remained buoyant despite the difficulties.
Elle est restée joyeuse malgré les difficultés.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɒksɪkənt/

intoxicant

intoxiquant
Meaning
a substance, especially alcohol or a drug, that causes intoxication
Example
Alcohol is the most commonly used intoxicant in many cultures.
L'alcool est l'intoxicant le plus couramment utilisé dans de nombreuses cultures.
C1 adjective /ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl/

Suicidal

suicidaire
Meaning
relating to or having thoughts of killing oneself; extremely dangerous or harmful
Example
The reckless driving was suicidal behavior.
La conduite imprudente était un comportement suicidaire.
B1 adjective /ˌʌnˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

uninteresting

ennuyeux
Meaning
not holding attention or curiosity; boring
Example
The lecture was uninteresting and difficult to stay focused on.
La conférence était ennuyeuse et difficile à suivre.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɒlvənt/

insolvent

insolvable
Meaning
unable to pay debts owed
Example
The insolvent firm could not meet its financial obligations.
L'entreprise insolvable n'a pas pu remplir ses obligations financières.
A2 noun /ˈmeməri/

Memory

mémoire
Meaning
The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information
Example
She has an excellent memory for faces and names.
Elle a une excellente mémoire pour les visages et les noms.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌθiːɪzəm/

monotheism

monothéisme
Meaning
The belief in the existence of only one God.
Example
Islam and Christianity are religions based on monotheism.
L'islam et le christianisme sont des religions basées sur le monothéisme.
B1 verb /məˈsɑːʒ/

massage

massager
Meaning
to rub and press muscles to relieve pain or tension; to manipulate information
Example
The therapist will massage your back to reduce muscle tension.
Le thérapeute massera votre dos pour réduire la tension musculaire.
B2 verb /feɪd/

fade

faner
Meaning
To gradually lose brightness, color, or strength.
Example
The colors of the old photo have started to fade.
Les couleurs de la vieille photo ont commencé à se faner.
B2 adjective /ˈpæʃənət/

passionate

passionné
Meaning
showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief
Example
He is passionate about environmental conservation.
Il est passionné par la conservation de l'environnement.
C1 adjective /kənˈdʒiːniəl/

congenial

chaleureux
Meaning
pleasant and friendly because of having similar interests or qualities
Example
They found the café a congenial place to meet and talk.
Ils ont trouvé le café un endroit chaleureux pour se rencontrer et discuter.
C2 adjective /ˈfæləbl/

fallible

capable de faire des erreurs
Meaning
capable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Even experts are fallible and can make errors.
Même les experts sont faillibles et peuvent faire des erreurs.
C2 verb /æbˈdʒʊər/

abjure

abjurer
Meaning
to formally renounce or give up a belief, cause, or claim
Example
He abjured his allegiance to the old regime.
Il renonça à sa fidélité au vieux régime.
B2 noun /ˈleɪaʊt/

layout

mise en page
Meaning
the arrangement or design of something, especially the arrangement of elements in a book, webpage, or room
Example
The designer presented a new layout for the website that was much more user-friendly.
Le designer a présenté une nouvelle mise en page pour le site web qui était beaucoup plus conviviale.
C1 adjective /hjuːˈmeɪn/

humane

humain
Meaning
Showing compassion or benevolence.
Example
The doctor provided humane treatment to the injured animals.
Le médecin a prodigué un traitement humain aux animaux blessés.
C2 adjective /ˈdɒdərɪŋ/

doddering

tremblant / faible
Meaning
Weak, shaky, or unsteady, especially due to old age.
Example
The doddering professor struggled to climb the stairs.
Le professeur doddering avait du mal à monter les escaliers.
C2 noun /ˌpɛkəˈdɪloʊ/

peccadillo

petite erreur
Meaning
a small or minor fault or sin
Example
Forgetting to call was just a small peccadillo, not a serious mistake.
Oublier de téléphoner était juste une petite erreur, pas une grosse faute.
B2 noun ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

efficiency

efficacité
Meaning
The state or quality of being efficient; achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Example
Efficiency in communication is crucial for businesses.
L'efficacité dans la communication est cruciale pour les entreprises.
C1 verb /ˈbɒɡəl/

boggle

sidérer
Meaning
to overwhelm or confuse; to be astonished or puzzled by something
Example
The complexity of the puzzle boggled his mind.
La complexité du puzzle a sidéré son esprit.
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

privatisation
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
La privatisation des entreprises publiques a augmenté l'efficacité.
A1 noun /lʌntʃ/

Lunch

déjeuner
Meaning
a meal eaten in the middle of the day, typically one that is lighter or less formal than an evening meal
Example
We had lunch at a nice restaurant downtown.
Nous avons déjeuné dans un bon restaurant en ville.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/

foliage

feuillage
Meaning
The leaves of a plant, collectively.
Example
The autumn foliage looked stunning in the park.
Le feuillage d'automne était impressionnant dans le parc.
C2 noun /ˌθiːəˈloʊdʒən/

theologian

théologien
Meaning
A person who studies or is an expert in theology.
Example
Theologians often debate complex questions of faith and morality.
Les théologiens débattent souvent de questions complexes de foi et de moralité.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsrɪˈpjuːt/

disrepute

mépris
Meaning
the state of being held in low esteem or having a bad reputation
Example
The scandal brought the politician into disrepute.
Le scandale a mis le politicien dans le mépris.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/

extinguish

éteindre
Meaning
to put out a fire, light, or to end something
Example
The firefighters managed to extinguish the blaze within an hour.
Les pompiers ont réussi à éteindre l'incendie en une heure.
C2 noun /ˈæntiˌkraɪst/

antichrist

antéchrist
Meaning
A person regarded as the supreme opponent of Christ, often seen as a figure of ultimate evil.
Example
Some people fear the rise of an Antichrist in the future.
Certaines personnes redoutent l'ascension d'un Antéchrist dans le futur.
B2 noun /ˌdɛm.əˈɡræf.ɪks/

Demographics

Démographie
Meaning
Statistical data relating to the population and particular groups within it.
Example
Demographics help in targeted advertising.
La démographie aide à la publicité ciblée.
B2 noun /ˈmoʊ.tɪv/

Motive

motif; raison; incitation
Meaning
a reason for doing something; what drives someone to act
Example
The police are investigating the motive for the crime.
La police enquête sur le motif du crime.
B2 adjective /ˈfeɪtl/

fatal

fatal
Meaning
causing death; leading to disaster
Example
The accident proved fatal for the driver.
L'accident a été fatal pour le conducteur.
B2 verb /ˈmɑːdərət/

moderate

modéré
Meaning
to make less extreme or intense; to control or preside over
Example
She moderated the heated debate between the candidates.
Elle a modéré le débat animé entre les candidats.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər hen/

Water hen

poule d'eau
Meaning
a waterbird with dark plumage that lives near ponds and wetlands
Example
The water hen swam gracefully across the pond.
La poule d'eau nagea gracieusement à travers l'étang.
C1 noun /ˈhed.weɪ/

Headway

progrès; avancée; progression
Meaning
forward movement or progress, especially when this is slow or difficult
Example
Despite the challenges, the research team made significant headway in developing the new vaccine.
Malgré les défis, l'équipe de recherche a fait des progrès significatifs dans le développement du nouveau vaccin.
A1 noun /ˈpeɪ.pər/

paper

papier, document, travail de recherche
Meaning
A material manufactured in thin sheets from the pulp of wood or other fibrous substances, used for writing or printing on.
Example
The student submitted his research paper on artificial intelligence.
L'étudiant a soumis son article de recherche sur l'intelligence artificielle.
C2 noun /ˈʃæd.ək/

Shaddock

pomelo
Meaning
a large citrus fruit similar to grapefruit; pomelo
Example
The shaddock is the largest citrus fruit in the world.
Le shadok est le plus grand fruit agrume du monde.
B2 noun/verb /ˌbærɪˈkeɪd/

barricade

barricade
Meaning
a barrier erected to block or defend against movement; to block a passage with obstacles
Example
Protesters built a barricade across the street.
Les manifestants ont construit une barricade à travers la rue.
B1 noun pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.pənts

participants

participants
Meaning
People who take part in something; those involved in an activity or event.
Example
Participants will enjoy breathtaking views.
Les participants profiteront des vues à couper le souffle.
C2 noun /ˈkrɪsəndəm/

christendom

christendom
Meaning
the worldwide body or community of Christians
Example
The news spread quickly across Christendom.
La nouvelle s'est rapidement propagée à travers le christendom.
A2 adverb, conjunction /haʊˈɛvər/

however

cependant
Meaning
used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to contradict something previously said
Example
The journey was long; however, it was enjoyable.
Le voyage était long; cependant, il était agréable.
C1 adjective /ˈɒptɪk/

optic

optique
Meaning
Relating to the eye or vision.
Example
The optic nerve carries signals from the eye to the brain.
Le nerf optique transporte les signaux de l'œil au cerveau.
C2 adjective /ˈpɜːrviəs/

pervious

perméable
Meaning
Allowing water, air, or other substances to pass through; permeable.
Example
The soil here is pervious to rainwater.
Le sol ici est perméable à l'eau de pluie.
B2 verb /ʃɛd/

shed

perdre
Meaning
to let something fall off naturally, such as leaves, hair, or tears
Example
Trees shed their leaves in autumn.
Les arbres perdent leurs feuilles en automne.
B2 noun /ˈtɪmbər/

timber

bois
Meaning
wood prepared for use in building and carpentry
Example
The house was built entirely from local timber.
La maison a été construite entièrement avec du bois local.
B2 verb /fɔːrˈsiː/

foresee

prévoir
Meaning
To be aware of beforehand; to predict or expect.
Example
She could foresee the challenges ahead.
Elle pouvait prévoir les défis à venir.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

évangéliste
Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
L'évangéliste a voyagé à travers le pays en diffusant son message.
B1 noun /ʃeɪm/

Shame

honte
Meaning
a painful feeling of humiliation or distress; something regrettable
Example
He felt deep shame for his dishonest behavior at work.
Il a ressenti une profonde honte pour son comportement malhonnête au travail.
C2 verb /ˈæktʃueɪt/

actuate

activer
Meaning
to put into action or motion; to motivate or activate
Example
The engineer actuated the machine with a simple switch.
L'ingénieur a activé la machine avec un simple interrupteur.
C2 noun /ˈæk.rɪ.moʊ.ni/

acrimony

acrimonie
Meaning
Bitterness and anger, especially in speech or behavior.
Example
The divorce was filled with acrimony and disputes.
Le divorce était rempli d'acrimonie et de disputes.
C1 adjective /stiːpt/

steeped

imprégné
Meaning
Completely surrounded by or filled with a particular quality, influence, or experience.
Example
The town is steeped in history and tradition.
La ville est imprégnée d'histoire et de tradition.
C2 noun /rɪˈfræk.tər/

refractor

réfracteur
Meaning
A type of telescope that uses lenses to focus light.
Example
Refractor telescopes use lenses to focus light.
Les télescopes réfracteurs utilisent des lentilles pour focaliser la lumière.
B2 noun /ɡʊdz treɪn/

Goods train

train de marchandises
Meaning
a train designed to transport cargo and freight rather than passengers
Example
The long goods train carried containers from the port to the inland depot.
Le long train de marchandises a transporté des conteneurs du port au dépôt intérieur.
C1 verb /ˈɡloʊbəlaɪz/

globalize

mondialiser
Meaning
to make something worldwide in scope or application; to integrate into a global system
Example
Many companies globalize their operations to reach international markets.
De nombreuses entreprises mondialisent leurs activités pour atteindre des marchés internationaux.
B1 noun /ˈklɪn.ɪk/

clinic

clinique
Meaning
A place where people receive medical treatment without staying overnight.
Example
She went to the clinic for a health check-up.
Elle est allée à la clinique pour un examen médical.
C2 noun /ˈhɛptɑːrki/

heptarchy

héptarchie
Meaning
A group of seven rulers or governments, especially the seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in early England.
Example
The history book described the heptarchy of Anglo-Saxon England.
Le livre d'histoire a décrit la héptarchie de l'Angleterre anglo-saxonne.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

crédible
Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
Son explication était suffisamment crédible pour convaincre le comité.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnˈkɔːrdɪneɪtɪd/

uncoordinated

désordonné; non coordonné
Meaning
lacking coordination, not well-organized or clumsy in movement
Example
His movements were uncoordinated, making him prone to accidents.
Ses mouvements étaient désordonnés, ce qui le rendait sujet aux accidents.
B1 noun /ruːˈtiːn/

routine

routine, habitude, séquence fixe
Meaning
A sequence of actions regularly followed; a fixed program.
Example
A well-structured routine improves productivity.
Une routine bien structurée améliore la productivité.
C2 verb /ˈsʌpjʊˌreɪt/

suppurate

supurer
Meaning
to form or discharge pus, usually as a result of infection
Example
The wound began to suppurate after a few days.
La plaie a commencé à suppurer après quelques jours.
C2 verb /oʊˈpaɪn/

opine

exprimer une opinion
Meaning
to express an opinion or belief
Example
The professor opined that the policy would fail.
Le professeur a exprimé que la politique échouerait.
C2 noun /tækˈsɒnəmɪst/

taxonomist

taxonome
Meaning
A scientist who classifies organisms into groups based on their characteristics.
Example
The taxonomist discovered a new species of insect.
Le taxonome a découvert une nouvelle espèce d'insecte.
C1 noun /liːs/

Lease

bail; contrat de location
Meaning
a contract by which one party conveys land, property, services, etc. to another for a specified time, usually in return for a periodic payment
Example
They signed a two-year lease for the apartment.
Ils ont signé un bail de deux ans pour l'appartement.
B1 adjective /ˌstreɪt ˈfɔːr.wərd/

Straight forward

honnête et clair; pas compliqué; facile à comprendre
Meaning
honest and open; not complicated; easy to understand
Example
His explanation was very straightforward and easy to follow.
Son explication était très claire et facile à suivre.
C1 noun ˈdaɪ.nə.sti

dynasty

dynastie
Meaning
A line of hereditary rulers of a country; a succession of people from the same family who play a prominent role in business, politics, or another field.
Example
The Ming dynasty ruled China for centuries.
La dynastie Ming a régné sur la Chine pendant des siècles.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌveɪl/

intervale

terre basse le long d'une rivière, généralement fertile et plate
Meaning
A low-lying tract of land along a river, usually fertile and flat.
Example
The farmers cultivated crops on the lush intervale by the river.
Les agriculteurs ont cultivé des cultures dans l'intervalle fertile près de la rivière.
C2 noun /ˈtælɪzmən/

talisman

talisman
Meaning
An object believed to have magical powers or bring good luck.
Example
He always carried a small talisman in his pocket for luck.
Il portait toujours un petit talisman dans sa poche pour la chance.
A2 verb kriˈeɪt

create

créer
Meaning
To bring something into existence; to make or produce something new.
Example
Unmanaged growth can create complex challenges.
La croissance non gérée peut créer des défis complexes.
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

citation
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
L'article de recherche comprenait une citation de Shakespeare.
B2 verb /wɪp/

whip

fouetter
Meaning
to strike or beat with a flexible instrument such as a rope or cord
Example
The trainer whipped the horse to make it run faster.
L'entraîneur a fouetté le cheval pour le faire courir plus vite.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

traître
Meaning
deceitful and untrustworthy
Example
The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.
L'espion a été exécuté pour ses actions perfides.
C2 noun /ˈɪrɪtənsi/

irritancy

irritation
Meaning
the quality or state of causing irritation; legal or formal invalidation
Example
The constant noise became an irritancy to the neighbors.
Le bruit constant est devenu une irritation pour les voisins.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

expérimentation
Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
L'expérimentation mène à des produits révolutionnaires.
B2 noun /ˈbækˌsaɪd/

backside

arrière
Meaning
the rear part or surface of something; informal term for the buttocks
Example
The kids slid down the hill on their backside.
Les enfants ont glissé sur la colline sur leur arrière.
C1 noun /frɪˈvɒləti/

frivolity

frivolité
Meaning
Lack of seriousness; silly or trivial behavior.
Example
The teacher discouraged frivolity during the exam.
Le professeur a découragé la frivolité pendant l'examen.
A2 adjective /ˈdɜː.ti/

Dirty

sale; taché; désagréable; moralement corrompu
Meaning
not clean; covered with dirt; unpleasant; morally corrupt
Example
The kitchen was dirty after cooking.
La cuisine était sale après la cuisson.
B1 verb /kənˈsɪst/

consist

consister
Meaning
to be made up or composed of certain parts or elements
Example
The committee consists of five members.
Le comité est composé de cinq membres.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛksərəbl/

inexorable

inexorable
Meaning
Impossible to stop or prevent; relentless.
Example
The inexorable rise of technology is changing every aspect of life.
La montée inexorable de la technologie change chaque aspect de la vie.
B2 noun ˈhɛr.ɪ.tɪdʒ

heritage

patrimoine
Meaning
Property that is or may be inherited; something transmitted by or acquired from a predecessor; cultural traditions and practices that are passed down.
Example
Bangladesh has a rich cultural heritage.
Le Bangladesh a un riche patrimoine culturel.
C2 noun /ˈdʒɒs.stɪk/

Joss-stick

encens
Meaning
a thin stick of incense that is burned for its pleasant smell, especially in religious ceremonies
Example
She lit a joss-stick in the temple during her prayers.
Elle a allumé un bâton d'encens dans le temple pendant ses prières.
A1 noun /hɔːrs/

Horse

cheval
Meaning
a large domesticated mammal used for riding and pulling loads
Example
The horse galloped across the field with great speed.
Le cheval a galopé à travers le champ à grande vitesse.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəʊˌkʌltʃər/

monoculture

monoculture
Meaning
The agricultural practice of growing only one type of crop over a large area and for many consecutive years, which can lead to increased vulnerability to pests and diseases.
Example
Monoculture can lead to soil depletion and increased pest vulnerability.
La monoculture peut entraîner l'épuisement des sols et une vulnérabilité accrue aux ravageurs.
C1 adjective /hɜːrˈbɪv.ər.əs/

Herbivorous

herbivore
Meaning
feeding on plants; plant-eating
Example
Cows are herbivorous animals that graze on grass.
Les vaches sont des animaux herbivores qui paissent de l'herbe.
C2 noun /ˈbiːtənd raɪs/

Beatened rice

riz battu
Meaning
flattened rice; rice that has been parboiled, dried, and beaten into flat flakes
Example
Beaten rice is commonly eaten with milk and sugar for breakfast.
Le riz battu est généralement mangé avec du lait et du sucre au petit-déjeuner.
B1 noun /ˈtriːtmənt/

Treatment

traitement
Meaning
medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury; the action of treating someone or something
Example
The doctor recommended a new treatment for her condition.
Le médecin a recommandé un nouveau traitement pour sa condition.
B2 noun /fʌs/

Fuss

agitation; raffut; souci inutile
Meaning
unnecessary worry or bother about something; agitated excitement over a trivial matter
Example
She made such a fuss about the small stain on her dress that everyone noticed.
Elle a fait tout un raffut à propos de la petite tache sur sa robe que tout le monde l'a remarquée.
B2 verb, noun /ˈtæk.əl/

tackle

résoudre, arrêter
Meaning
to try to deal with or solve a difficult problem; to physically stop someone in sports by knocking them down
Example
The coach taught the players how to tackle properly.
L'entraîneur a appris aux joueurs à tacler correctement.
A1 noun /sɔːŋ/

song

chanson
Meaning
a short piece of music with words that are sung
Example
She sang a beautiful song at the concert.
Elle a chanté une belle chanson lors du concert.
C1 adjective /ˌhaɪdroʊɪˈlɛktrɪk/

hydroelectric

hydroélectrique
Meaning
Relating to or denoting the generation of electricity using flowing water.
Example
The country invested heavily in hydroelectric power plants.
Le pays a investi massivement dans des centrales hydroélectriques.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈlæps/

relapse

rechute
Meaning
to return to a worse condition, especially after improvement; a deterioration after recovery
Example
After months of progress, he suffered a relapse.
Après des mois de progrès, il a subi une rechute.
C2 noun /ˈpɒntɪf/

pontiff

pape ou un évêque de haut rang
Meaning
the pope or a high-ranking bishop in the Christian church
Example
The pontiff addressed the nation in a televised speech.
Le pape a adressé la nation dans un discours télévisé.
B2 adverb /ˈθɪkli/

Thickly

densément
Meaning
in a thick manner; densely; heavily
Example
The forest was thickly wooded with tall pine trees.
La forêt était densément boisée de grands pins.
A2 noun /ˈprɪzən/

prison

prison
Meaning
a building where people are kept as punishment for a crime or while waiting for trial
Example
He was sent to prison for his crimes.
Il a été envoyé en prison pour ses crimes.
B1 noun /θʌm/

Thumb

pouce
Meaning
the short thick finger of the human hand
Example
She gave me a thumbs up to show her approval.
Elle m'a fait un pouce en l'air pour montrer son approbation.