Substantial
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B2 adjective /səbˈstæn.ʃəl/

Substantial

substantiel; important; considérable
Meaning
large in size, amount, or importance; considerable; significant
Example
There was a substantial increase in sales this quarter.
Il y a eu une augmentation substantielle des ventes ce trimestre.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

marshal

organiser
Meaning
To arrange or organize people, events, or resources in an orderly way.
Example
The teacher marshaled the students for the field trip.
Le professeur a organisé les élèves pour la sortie scolaire.
C2 noun /ˌrɛprəˈbeɪʃən/

reprobation

réprobation
Meaning
Strong disapproval or condemnation; rejection by God as beyond salvation.
Example
The teacher’s face showed clear reprobation at the student’s rude remark.
Le visage du professeur montrait une réprobation nette face à la remarque impolie de l'étudiant.
C2 noun /strəˈmoʊ.ni.əm ˌflaʊ.ər/

Stramonium flower

fleur de stramoine
Meaning
A trumpet-shaped white or purple flower from the jimsonweed plant, known for its toxic properties
Example
The stramonium flower blooms at night with a sweet fragrance.
La fleur de stramoine fleurit la nuit avec un parfum doux.
B2 adjective /ʌnˌkənˈfɜːmd/

Unconfirmed

non confirmé; non vérifié;
Meaning
not confirmed as true or definite; not verified or substantiated
Example
The report remains unconfirmed until we receive official verification.
Le rapport reste non confirmé jusqu'à ce que nous recevions la vérification officielle.
A2 noun /ˈɡʊdnəs/

goodness

bonté
Meaning
the quality of being morally good or virtuous
Example
Her goodness was evident in the way she treated others.
Sa bonté était évidente dans la manière dont elle traitait les autres.
B1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

Inexpensive

bon marché; abordable; économique
Meaning
not costing a lot of money; affordable; budget-friendly
Example
This restaurant offers delicious and inexpensive meals for students.
Ce restaurant propose des repas délicieux et bon marché pour les étudiants.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

indictment

acte d'accusation
Meaning
a formal charge or accusation of a serious crime
Example
The indictment accused the company of multiple violations.
L'acte d'accusation a accusé l'entreprise de multiples violations.
A2 verb /pruːv/

prove

prouver
Meaning
to show that something is true; to demonstrate
Example
The evidence will prove his innocence.
Les preuves prouveront son innocence.
B2 noun /ˈməʊtərɪst/

motorist

automobiliste
Meaning
a person who drives a motor vehicle, especially a car or motorcycle
Example
The motorist stopped to help after seeing the accident on the highway.
L'automobiliste s'est arrêté pour aider après avoir vu l'accident.
C1 verb /ɪˈdʒɛkt/

eject

expulser
Meaning
to force someone or something out, usually from a place or position
Example
The referee had to eject the player for unsportsmanlike behavior.
L'arbitre a dû expulser le joueur pour un comportement antisportif.
B2 adjective /ˈtɪm.ɪd/

Timid

timide; craintif
Meaning
shy and lacking confidence; easily frightened
Example
She was too timid to speak in public.
Elle était trop timide pour parler en public.
B1 adverb /ˈlɪtərəli/

literally

littéralement
Meaning
in a literal manner or sense; exactly
Example
He was literally running for three hours without stopping.
Il courait littéralement depuis trois heures sans s'arrêter.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪt/

inflate

gonfler
Meaning
to fill with air or gas so it expands; to increase excessively or artificially
Example
The mechanic inflated the tire to the correct pressure.
Le mécanicien a gonflé le pneu à la bonne pression.
C2 noun /ˌhæŋ.ki ˈpæŋ.ki/

Hanky-Panky

escroquerie; activité suspecte; comportement malhonnête; tromperie
Meaning
dishonest or suspicious activity; unethical behavior; trickery or deception
Example
The audit revealed some hanky-panky in the company's financial records.
L'audit a révélé de la fraude dans les registres financiers de l'entreprise.
C1 verb /ˈtɛðər/

tether

attacher
Meaning
To tie an animal with a rope or chain so it cannot move far.
Example
The farmer tethered the goat to a post.
Le fermier a attaché la chèvre à un poteau.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrdɪnəl/

ordinal

ordinal
Meaning
Relating to the order or position of something in a sequence (first, second, third, etc.).
Example
The ordinal number 'third' indicates position in a sequence.
Le numéro ordinal 'troisième' indique la position dans une séquence.
B2 noun /lɪm/

limb

membre
Meaning
an arm or leg of a person or animal; a large branch of a tree
Example
He broke a limb while climbing the tree.
Il s'est cassé un membre en grimpant à l'arbre.
B1 noun /ˈmɪʃ.ən/

Mission

une tâche ou mission importante attribuée à une personne ou un groupe ; un but ou objectif spécifique
Meaning
An important task or assignment given to a person or group; a specific purpose or goal
Example
The astronauts completed their mission to the space station.
Les astronautes ont terminé leur mission vers la station spatiale.
A1 preposition /wɪð/

with

avec
Meaning
indicating the person or thing that is accompanying or involved with someone or something else
Example
She went to the market with her friend.
Elle est allée au marché avec son amie.
A2 noun,verb /kɔːrt/

court

tribunal ou chercher à attirer l'attention ou la faveur
Meaning
a place where legal cases are heard or to seek favor or attention
Example
He courted the judge with respect.
Il a courtisé le juge avec respect.
C1 verb /dɪsˈkleɪm/

disclaim

démentir
Meaning
to deny responsibility or connection with something
Example
The company disclaimed responsibility for the accident.
L'entreprise a démenti toute responsabilité pour l'accident.
B2 noun /ˈproʊtəkɔːl/

protocol

protocole
Meaning
an official procedure or system of rules
Example
The security team followed strict protocol during the event.
L'équipe de sécurité a suivi un protocole strict lors de l'événement.
B1 adjective /ˈvælɪd/

Valid

valide; acceptable légalement ou officiellement
Meaning
legally or officially acceptable; having a sound basis in logic or fact
Example
The passport is valid for ten years.
Le passeport est valide pour dix ans.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtrɛntʃt/

entrenched

enraciné
Meaning
Firmly established and unlikely to change.
Example
Corruption is deeply entrenched in the system.
La corruption est profondément enracinée dans le système.
C2 adjective /bɒmˈbæstɪk/

bombastic

pompeux
Meaning
using pompous or inflated language with little meaning
Example
The professor’s bombastic lecture impressed no one.
Le discours pompeux du professeur n'a impressionné personne.
C1 noun /ˈtriːtɪs/

treatise

traité
Meaning
a formal and systematic written work dealing with a subject in detail
Example
He wrote a treatise on modern economic theory.
Il a écrit un traité sur la théorie économique moderne.
C2 adjective /ræpˈtɔːriəl/

raptorial

rapace
Meaning
Relating to birds of prey or predatory behavior.
Example
The eagle is a raptorial bird with sharp talons.
L'aigle est un oiseau de proie avec des serres acérées.
C2 verb /skwɛltʃ/

squelch

faire un bruit mou, comme marcher dans la boue; réprimer ou faire taire
Meaning
to make a soft sucking sound, such as when walking on mud; to suppress or silence
Example
His boots squelched in the wet ground.
Ses bottes faisaient un bruit de squelch sur le sol mouillé.
C2 noun /ˌfɑːrməkəˈpiːə/

pharmacopoeia

pharmacopée
Meaning
An official book listing medicinal drugs, their effects, and directions for use.
Example
The doctor referred to the pharmacopoeia to check the drug's proper dosage.
Le médecin a consulté la pharmacopée pour vérifier la dose correcte du médicament.
A2 noun /ɡoʊl/

Goal

but; objectif; destination;
Meaning
the object of a person's ambition or effort; an aim or desired result; a point scored in sports
Example
Her goal is to become a doctor and help people in underserved communities.
Son but est de devenir médecin et d'aider les personnes dans les communautés défavorisées.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

imputer
Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
Ils ont imputé le succès de l'entreprise à un bon leadership.
C1 phrase ˌkæt.əˈɡɒr.ɪ.kəl.i rɪˈfjuː.tɪd

categorically refuted

totalement réfuté
Meaning
Completely and absolutely denied or disproved.
Example
The claims were categorically refuted by officials.
Les revendications ont été catégoriquement réfutées par les responsables.
C2 noun /fɪˈlændərər/

philanderer

volage
Meaning
a man who habitually engages in casual romantic or sexual affairs
Example
The politician was exposed as a notorious philanderer.
Le politicien a été exposé comme un célèbre volage.
B2 noun/verb /beɪt/

bait

nourriture ou appât utilisé pour attirer les poissons ou les animaux ; provoquer ou déranger délibérément.
Meaning
Food or lure used to attract fish or animals; to deliberately provoke or annoy.
Example
He used worms as bait to catch fish.
Il a utilisé des vers de terre comme appât pour attraper du poisson.
C2 adjective /ˈfɜːr.vɪd/

Fervid

passionné; intensément enthousiaste; brûlant d'émotion
Meaning
passionate; intensely enthusiastic; burning with emotion
Example
She gave a fervid speech about environmental protection.
Elle a prononcé un discours fervide sur la protection de l'environnement.
C2 noun /ˈɡlæsi fɪʃ/

Glassy fish

poisson de verre
Meaning
a transparent freshwater fish with a glassy appearance, popular in aquariums
Example
The glassy fish is known for its transparent body and peaceful nature.
Le poisson de verre est connu pour son corps transparent et sa nature paisible.
C1 adjective /dɪˈvaʊt/

devout

dévoué
Meaning
Deeply religious or sincere.
Example
He is a devout believer who prays every day.
Il est un croyant dévoué qui prie chaque jour.
B1 adjective /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/

Convenient

pratique; commode; adapté;
Meaning
fitting in well with a person's needs, activities, and plans; suitable and practical
Example
The new shopping mall is very convenient for our family.
Le nouveau centre commercial est très pratique pour notre famille.
B2 noun /ˈsnoʊ.fɔːl/

Snowfall

chute de neige
Meaning
the process of snow falling from the sky; the amount of snow that falls
Example
The heavy snowfall blocked all the roads yesterday.
La forte chute de neige a bloqué toutes les routes hier.
A1 verb /tel/

tell

dire
Meaning
to say something to someone; to give information or instructions
Example
Can you tell me the time?
Peux-tu me dire l'heure ?
C2 adjective /ˈruːnɪk/

runic

relatif aux runes
Meaning
relating to or consisting of runes; mysterious or magical
Example
The old stone had strange runic carvings on it.
La vieille pierre avait des gravures runiques étranges.
C2 noun /ˈrɪɡməˌroʊl/

rigmarole

perte de temps
Meaning
a long, complicated, and confusing process or story
Example
Getting a visa was such a rigmarole of paperwork and interviews.
Obtenir un visa a été une perte de temps entre papiers et entretiens.
B1 noun /ˈspæroʊ/

Sparrow

moineau
Meaning
small brown and grey bird commonly found in cities and towns
Example
The sparrow chirped cheerfully from the tree branch.
Le moineau chantait joyeusement depuis la branche de l'arbre.
B2 noun /pænˈdɛmɪk/

pandemic

pandémie
Meaning
An outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale.
Example
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the world dramatically.
La pandémie de COVID-19 a changé le monde de manière spectaculaire.
C1 noun /ˈpʊlpɪt/

pulpit

chaire
Meaning
a raised platform in a church from which the preacher delivers a sermon
Example
The pastor stood at the pulpit to address the congregation.
Le pasteur s'est tenu à la chaire pour s'adresser à l'assemblée.
B2 verb /ʃrɪŋk/

shrink

rétrécir
Meaning
to become smaller in size; to draw back in fear
Example
The sweater shrank after washing in hot water.
Le pull s'est rétréci après avoir été lavé dans de l'eau chaude.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪŋɡwəl/

lingual

relatif à la langue
Meaning
Relating to the tongue or speech.
Example
The dentist examined the patient's lingual surface of the teeth.
Le dentiste a examiné la surface linguale des dents du patient.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdʌldʒ/

indulge

se livrer
Meaning
to allow oneself to enjoy something enjoyable, often excessively
Example
He indulged in a piece of chocolate cake after dinner.
Il s'est adonné à un morceau de gâteau au chocolat après le dîner.
A2 adjective /laɪt ɡriːn/

Light green

vert clair
Meaning
a pale shade of green color; not dark green
Example
She wore a light green dress to the garden party.
Elle portait une robe verte claire à la fête dans le jardin.
C2 noun /ˈpɑr.bəl/

Parbal

courge pointue
Meaning
A green vegetable also known as pointed gourd, commonly used in South Asian cuisine
Example
Mother prepared parbal curry with fish.
Maman a préparé du curry de courge pointue avec du poisson.
C1 verb /ˈkɒŋɡrɪɡeɪt/

congregate

se rassembler, s'assembler
Meaning
to gather together in a group; to assemble
Example
People congregate in the town square every evening.
les gens se rassemblent sur la place du village chaque soir.
B2 noun /ˈpriː.tɛns/ or /prɪˈtɛns/

pretense

prétention, faux-semblant
Meaning
A false appearance or claim; an act of pretending.
Example
His kindness was only a pretense to gain trust.
Sa gentillesse n'était qu'un faux-semblant pour gagner la confiance.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

contenu interne
Meaning
The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.
Example
The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.
L'intension du mot 'chien' inclut être un mammifère et être domestiqué.
B1 noun /kæmˈpeɪn/

Campaign

campagne
Meaning
an organized course of action to achieve a particular goal; a series of military operations
Example
The environmental campaign successfully raised awareness about climate change.
La campagne environnementale a réussi à sensibiliser le public au changement climatique.
B2 noun /ˈluː.nər ɪˈklɪps/

Lunar eclipse

éclipse lunaire
Meaning
an eclipse in which the moon appears darkened as it passes into the earth's shadow
Example
We watched the lunar eclipse from our backyard.
Nous avons observé l'éclipse lunaire depuis notre jardin.
C1 noun /ˈrɛnɪˌɡeɪd/

renegade

renégat
Meaning
a person who deserts or betrays an organization, country, or principles
Example
He was labeled a renegade after leaving the party and criticizing its policies.
Il a été étiqueté comme un renégat après avoir quitté le parti et critiqué ses politiques.
C1 noun /wɪm/

whim

caprice
Meaning
a sudden or unpredictable idea, desire, or decision
Example
She bought the dress on a whim.
Elle a acheté la robe sur un caprice.
B1 noun /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dəns/

Confidence

confiance
Meaning
the feeling or belief that one can rely on someone or something; firm trust; self-assurance
Example
She spoke with great confidence during the job interview.
Elle a parlé avec une grande confiance pendant l'entretien d'embauche.
A2 adjective /ˈselfɪʃ/

Selfish

égoïste
Meaning
caring only about oneself rather than others
Example
He was too selfish to share his food with others.
Il était trop égoïste pour partager sa nourriture avec les autres.
C2 noun /sɪˈkwiːlə/

sequela

séquelle
Meaning
A condition that is the consequence of a previous disease or injury.
Example
Lung scarring can be a sequela of severe pneumonia.
Les cicatrices pulmonaires peuvent être une séquelle d'une pneumonie sévère.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

entraver
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
Le témoin a essayé de faire du stonewall lors de l'enquête.
C2 noun /hʊˈzɑːr/

hussar

hussard
Meaning
a member of a light cavalry regiment in European armies, especially the Hungarian cavalry
Example
The hussar rode swiftly across the battlefield.
Le hussard a chevauché rapidement à travers le champ de bataille.
C1 noun /plɔɪ/

ploy

ruse astucieuse
Meaning
a clever plan or action designed to gain an advantage
Example
She used a clever ploy to win the debate.
Elle a utilisé une ruse astucieuse pour gagner le débat.
B1 verb /dɪˈklɛər/

declare

déclarer
Meaning
To announce something formally or officially.
Example
The government declared a state of emergency.
Le gouvernement a déclaré l'état d'urgence.
B2 noun /ˈhæz.ərd/

Hazard

danger; risque
Meaning
a danger or risk; something that poses a threat to safety
Example
Smoking is a serious health hazard that can lead to lung cancer and heart disease.
Fumer est un grave danger pour la santé qui peut entraîner un cancer du poumon et des maladies cardiaques.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪnəns/

imminence

imminence, état de proximité
Meaning
the state of being about to happen
Example
The imminence of the storm forced people to take shelter.
L'imminence de la tempête a forcé les gens à chercher un abri.
B2 adjective ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl

gradual

progressif
Meaning
Taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees.
Example
Gradual changes are more sustainable.
Les changements progressifs sont plus durables.
A1 noun /koʊld drɪŋk/

Cold drink

boisson froide
Meaning
A chilled beverage; a refreshing drink served cold
Example
I ordered a cold drink to beat the summer heat.
J'ai commandé une boisson froide pour échapper à la chaleur de l'été.
C2 noun /pəˈlɛmɪk/

polemic

attaque polémique
Meaning
a strong verbal or written attack on someone or something
Example
The article was a fierce polemic against the government's policies.
L'article était une attaque polémique contre les politiques du gouvernement.
C2 noun /læŋ'ɡʊər/

Langoor

langour
Meaning
a long-tailed monkey found in Asia, especially India and Southeast Asia
Example
The langoor was sitting on the tree branch eating fruits.
Le langur était assis sur la branche de l'arbre en train de manger des fruits.
C2 adjective /ˈbreɪsɪŋ/

bracing

revigorant
Meaning
Invigorating, refreshing, or providing strength and energy.
Example
The hikers enjoyed the bracing mountain air.
Les randonneurs ont apprécié l'air vivifiant de la montagne.
B1 adverb /ˈleɪt.li/

Lately

récemment; dernièrement;
Meaning
recently; in the recent past; not long ago
Example
I haven't seen him lately, but I heard he got a new job.
Je ne l'ai pas vu récemment, mais j'ai entendu qu'il avait un nouveau travail.
A2 adjective /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

working

travaillant
Meaning
engaged in physical or mental effort to achieve a goal or task
Example
She is working on her project right now.
Elle travaille sur son projet en ce moment.
C2 noun /ˈsɪlvər kɑrp/

Silver carp

carpe argentée
Meaning
a large freshwater fish with silvery scales, commonly farmed for food
Example
Silver carp is widely cultivated in fish farms across Asia.
La carpe argentée est largement cultivée dans les fermes piscicoles à travers l’Asie.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊ.pæz/

Topaz

topaze
Meaning
a precious stone, typically colorless, yellow, or blue, used in jewelry
Example
The queen's crown was adorned with a magnificent blue topaz.
La couronne de la reine était décorée d'un magnifique topaze bleu.
B2 noun ˌkætəˈstrɒfɪk ɪˈvents

catastrophic events

événements catastrophiques
Meaning
Extremely destructive or damaging events that cause widespread devastation.
Example
Cyclones are catastrophic events in Bangladesh.
Les cyclones sont des événements catastrophiques au Bangladesh.
C2 noun /ˈlɪθəˌtaɪp/

lithotype

lithotype (surface d'impression)
Meaning
a printing surface or type made for lithography
Example
The printer used a lithotype to produce multiple copies of the design.
L'imprimante a utilisé un lithotype pour produire plusieurs copies du design.
C2 adjective /spɪk/

Spick

extrêmement propre et ordonné; immaculé
Meaning
extremely clean and neat; immaculate
Example
The house was spick and span after the cleaning.
La maison était parfaitement propre et ordonnée après le nettoyage.
C2 noun /ˌbʌkəˈnɪər/

buccaneer

pirate
Meaning
a pirate, especially one active in the Caribbean during the 17th and 18th centuries
Example
The buccaneer sailed across the Caribbean in search of treasure.
Le pirate a navigué à travers les Caraïbes à la recherche de trésors.
C1 verb ˈdiː.vi.eɪt

deviate

s'écarter
Meaning
To depart from an established course or normal pattern.
Example
He tends to deviate from the original plan.
Il a tendance à s'écarter du plan initial.
C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

fasciner
Meaning
to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration
Example
He was infatuated with her beauty.
Il était fasciné par sa beauté.
B1 noun /skɑːrf/

Scarf

écharpe
Meaning
a length of fabric worn around the neck or head for warmth, protection, or fashion
Example
She wrapped a warm scarf around her neck in the cold weather.
Elle a enroulé une écharpe chaude autour de son cou dans le temps froid.
A2 adjective, noun /tʃaɪˈniːz/

chinese

chinois
Meaning
relating to China, its people, or its language
Example
We went to a Chinese restaurant last night.
Nous sommes allés dans un restaurant chinois hier soir.
C1 verb /ˈrʌsl/

rustle

bruire
Meaning
To make a soft, light sound like leaves or paper moving.
Example
The leaves rustled gently in the evening breeze.
Les feuilles bruissaient doucement dans la brise du soir.
A1 noun /ˈjɛstərdeɪ/

yesterday

hier
Meaning
the day before today
Example
Yesterday, we went to the park.
Hier, nous sommes allés au parc.
B2 adjective /əˈfen.sɪv/

Offensive

offensant; insultant; agressif
Meaning
causing displeasure or resentment; insulting; aggressive
Example
His offensive remarks hurt everyone's feelings.
Ses remarques offensantes ont blessé les sentiments de tout le monde.
C2 adjective /ɑːlˈfæktəri/

olfactory

olfactif
Meaning
Relating to the sense of smell.
Example
The perfume activated her olfactory nerves immediately.
Le parfum a immédiatement activé ses nerfs olfactifs.
A2 noun /tɛkst/

text

texte
Meaning
a written or printed work or passage, especially a book or document
Example
The teacher asked us to read the text on page 50.
L'enseignant nous a demandé de lire le texte à la page 50.
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrθˌraɪt/

forthright

direct
Meaning
Direct and honest in speech or behavior; straightforward.
Example
She was forthright in her criticism of the policy.
Elle a été directe dans sa critique de la politique.
C2 noun /ˌmæk.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Machination

machination; intrigue;
Meaning
a clever scheme or artful plot, usually with evil intent; crafty designing or plotting
Example
The villain's machinations were finally exposed.
Les machinations du méchant ont finalement été exposées.
A1 noun ˈfjuː.tʃər

future

futur
Meaning
The time or a period of time following the moment of speaking or writing; time regarded as still to come.
Example
Future projects depend on strategic planning.
Les projets futurs dépendent de la planification stratégique.
C1 verb ˌsɝː.kəmˈvent

circumvent

éviter habilement ou contourner des obstacles ou des règles
Meaning
To cleverly avoid or find a way around obstacles or rules.
Example
He tried to circumvent the security system.
Il a essayé de contourner le système de sécurité.
B2 noun /ˈmʊzlɪm/

muslim

musulman
Meaning
a follower of Islam
Example
He is a devout Muslim.
Il est un musulman dévoué.
B2 adjective /ˈkaʊntləs/

countless

innombrable
Meaning
too many to be counted; innumerable
Example
There are countless stars in the sky.
Il y a des étoiles innombrables dans le ciel.
C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

spécifique à la région
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.
Example
Climate change impacts are region-specific.
Les impacts du changement climatique sont spécifiques à la région.
C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

stoïcisme
Meaning
The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.
Example
His stoicism during hardship was admirable.
Son stoïcisme pendant les épreuves était admirable.
C1 adjective /ˈpræk.tɪ.kə.bəl/

practicable

praticable
Meaning
able to be done or put into practice successfully
Example
The plan is not practicable without more resources.
Le plan n'est pas praticable sans plus de ressources.
B2 noun /ˈruːdnəs/

Rudeness

impolitesse
Meaning
the quality of being impolite, discourteous, or offensive in behavior or speech
Example
His rudeness shocked everyone at the dinner party.
Son impolitesse a choqué tout le monde lors de la fête de dîner.
C2 noun /rɪˈsɪdɪˌvɪzəm/

recidivism

récidivisme
Meaning
The tendency of a convicted criminal to reoffend or relapse into criminal behavior.
Example
The government introduced new programs to reduce recidivism among former inmates.
Le gouvernement a mis en place de nouveaux programmes pour réduire le récidivisme chez les anciens détenus.
C2 adjective /ˈmiːli ˌmaʊðd/

mealy-mouthed

hypocrite
Meaning
Unwilling to speak directly and honestly; insincere or evasive in speech.
Example
The manager gave a mealy-mouthed excuse instead of admitting the mistake.
Le gestionnaire a donné une excuse hypocrite au lieu d'admettre l'erreur.
B2 verb /ˌriː.kənˈstrʌkt/

reconstruct

reconstruire
Meaning
to build or form something again after it has been damaged or destroyed
Example
The city was reconstructed after the earthquake.
La ville a été reconstruite après le tremblement de terre.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɔːrs ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/

resource-efficient

économe en ressources
Meaning
Using resources in a way that minimizes waste and maximizes productivity.
Example
Resource-efficient farming conserves water and energy.
L'agriculture économe en ressources conserve l'eau et l'énergie.
B1 noun /nuːn/

noon

midi
Meaning
12 o'clock in the daytime; midday
Example
The meeting will start at noon.
La réunion commencera à midi.
B1 adjective /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪŋ/

challenging

difficile
Meaning
difficult in a way that tests one's abilities
Example
The mountain climb was challenging but rewarding.
L'escalade de la montagne était difficile mais gratifiante.
C1 adjective /ˈteɪn.tɪd/

Tainted

contaminé; taché
Meaning
contaminated or affected by something bad or undesirable
Example
The water supply was tainted with harmful chemicals.
L'approvisionnement en eau a été contaminé par des produits chimiques nuisibles.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋli/

unwillingly

à contrecœur
Meaning
in a way that shows reluctance or lack of desire; not willingly
Example
She unwillingly agreed to attend the meeting.
Elle a accepté à contrecœur d'assister à la réunion.
C2 noun /məˈbɒkrəsi/

mobocracy

gouvernance par la foule
Meaning
Rule or control by a mob or mass of people, often disorderly.
Example
The protest turned into mobocracy when the crowd started destroying property.
La protestation s'est transformée en mobocratie lorsque la foule a commencé à détruire des biens.
C1 noun /ˈbærɪˌtoʊn/

baritone

voix masculine grave
Meaning
a male singing voice between tenor and bass
Example
The singer’s baritone voice impressed the audience.
La voix de baryton du chanteur a impressionné le public.
A2 adjective /ˈnɔːti/

naughty

espiègle
Meaning
Disobedient or mischievous, often in a playful or mildly bad way.
Example
The naughty child drew on the walls with crayons.
L'enfant espiègle a dessiné sur les murs avec des crayons.
C2 adjective /ˈdʌktaɪl/

ductile

ductile
Meaning
capable of being stretched into a thin wire without breaking; easily influenced
Example
Gold is a very ductile metal.
L'or est un métal très ductile.
C1 verb /dʒɒt/

jot

écrire rapidement et brièvement
Meaning
to write something quickly and briefly
Example
She jotted down his phone number on a napkin.
Elle a noté rapidement son numéro de téléphone sur un serviette.
A1 adjective /smɔːl/

Small

petit; limité; étroit
Meaning
little in size; not large; limited in extent or amount
Example
She lives in a small apartment near the university.
Elle vit dans un petit appartement près de l'université.
C2 noun /θiˈɒkrəsi/

theocrasy

théocratie
Meaning
Government or rule by religious leaders or clergy.
Example
Theocrasy often merges religious authority with political power.
La théocratie fusionne souvent l'autorité religieuse avec le pouvoir politique.
C2 adjective /ˈroʊziət/

roseate

rosé, optimiste
Meaning
Having a pink color; optimistic or idealistic.
Example
She looked at the future with roseate optimism.
Elle regarda l'avenir avec un optimisme rose.
C2 noun /kəˈlɒsəs/

colossus

colosse
Meaning
A person or thing of enormous size, importance, or ability.
Example
Einstein was a colossus in the world of science.
Einstein était un colosse dans le monde de la science.
B1 noun /ˈtreɪ.dər/

Trader

commerçant
Meaning
a person who buys and sells goods or financial securities for profit
Example
The trader made a good profit from selling imported goods.
Le commerçant a réalisé un bon profit en vendant des biens importés.
C1 adjective /ˈhɛlθfəl/

healthful

salubre
Meaning
Promoting good health; beneficial to health.
Example
A healthful diet includes fresh fruits and vegetables.
Un régime salubre comprend des fruits et des légumes frais.
B2 noun, adjective /hjuːˌmænɪˈtɛəriən/

humanitarian

humanitaire
Meaning
A person who seeks to promote human welfare, or something relating to human welfare and compassion.
Example
The organization provides humanitarian aid to disaster victims.
L'organisation fournit une aide humanitaire aux victimes de catastrophes.
A1 noun/verb /ˈraɪ.tɪŋ/

writing

bonheur
Meaning
The activity of putting words on paper or composing text; the written form of communication.
Example
She spends hours every day on her creative writing.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C2 noun /ˈæltruɪst/

altruist

altruiste
Meaning
a person who has an unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Example
He is an altruist who always puts others' needs before his own.
Il est un altruiste qui met toujours les besoins des autres avant les siens.