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C2 noun /sɒp/

sop

compromis
Meaning
a concession or appeasement to pacify someone; also a piece of bread dipped in liquid
Example
The manager offered a bonus as a sop to the unhappy employees.
Le directeur a offert une prime comme une concession aux employés mécontents.
C2 adjective /sʌbˈdʒeɪsənt/

subjacent

sous-jacent
Meaning
lying immediately beneath; underlying
Example
The geological survey revealed subjacent layers of rock.
L'enquête géologique a révélé des couches sous-jacentes de roche.
C2 noun /ˈsɒlɪˌsɪzəm/

solecism

solécisme
Meaning
a grammatical mistake in speech or writing; a breach of good manners or etiquette
Example
His speech was full of solecisms and awkward phrases.
Son discours était plein de solécismes et de phrases maladroites.
B2 noun /ˈspɛktrəm/

spectrum

spectre
Meaning
A range of different things, often related to colors, ideas, or classifications.
Example
The festival attracted people from across the political spectrum.
Le festival a attiré des gens de tout le spectre politique.
A2 adverb /ˈsloʊli/

slowly

lentement
Meaning
in a slow manner
Example
She walked slowly to the door.
Elle marcha lentement vers la porte.
B2 noun /səkˈses.ər/

Successor

successeur
Meaning
a person who succeeds another in office; someone who takes over a position or role
Example
The CEO announced his retirement and named his successor for the company.
Le PDG a annoncé sa retraite et a nommé son successeur pour l'entreprise.
C1 noun /swiːt.laɪm/

Sweetlime

citron doux
Meaning
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
Example
The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day.
Le jus de citron doux était rafraîchissant lors d'une journée chaude.
C1 noun /ˈskruːpəl/

scruple

scrupule
Meaning
A moral or ethical consideration that restrains actions.
Example
He had no scruples about lying to get ahead.
Il n'avait aucun scrupule à mentir pour avancer.
B2 adjective /ʃɪər/

Sheer

complet; absolu; transparent; très raide
Meaning
complete; absolute; transparent; very steep
Example
It was sheer luck that we found the place.
C'était une chance pure que nous ayons trouvé l'endroit.
B1 adjective /ˈsɪniər/

senior

senior
Meaning
having a higher rank or status; older or more experienced
Example
He is the senior manager in the department.
Il est le manager senior du département.
C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

bonbon de sucre
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
Les enfants ont adoré manger des bonbons sucrés colorés lors du festival.
B2 adjective /ˌsʌp.lɪˈmen.tər.i/

Supplementary

supplémentaire; supplémentaire; additionnel
Meaning
completing or making an addition to something; additional; extra
Example
Students need to buy supplementary books for the course.
Les étudiants doivent acheter des livres supplémentaires pour le cours.
C2 verb /ˈsɪbəleɪt/

sibilate

prononcer avec un sifflement
Meaning
To pronounce with a hissing sound.
Example
The actor sibilated his lines for dramatic effect.
L'acteur a prononcé ses répliques avec un sifflement pour un effet dramatique.
A2 adverb /ˈsʌm.deɪ/

someday

un jour
Meaning
at some time in the future
Example
Someday, I want to travel the world.
Un jour, je veux voyager à travers le monde.
C1 verb /siːð/

seethe

bouillir de colère
Meaning
To be filled with intense but unexpressed anger or agitation.
Example
She was seething with anger after the unfair decision.
Elle bouillait de colère après la décision injuste.
C1 verb/noun /ˈsɒldər/

solder

souder
Meaning
To join metal parts together by melting and putting a filler metal into the joint
Example
He soldered the broken wires back together.
Il a soudé les fils cassés.
C1 adjective /ˌsuː.pəˈsɒn.ɪk/

Supersonic

plus rapide que la vitesse du son; lié aux vitesses supérieures à celle du son
Meaning
faster than the speed of sound; relating to speeds greater than the speed of sound
Example
The supersonic jet broke the sound barrier.
Le jet supersonique a franchi le mur du son.
C1 noun /ˈstɒpɪdʒ/

stoppage

arrêt; interruption
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing; a halt in operation or activity
Example
The sudden stoppage of the train caused delays for all passengers.
L'arrêt soudain du train a provoqué des retards pour tous les passagers.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/

symphonic

symphonique
Meaning
relating to or having the character of a symphony or symphony orchestra
Example
The concert featured a symphonic masterpiece.
Le concert a présenté un chef-d'œuvre symphonique.
B2 noun /siːdʒ/

siege

siège
Meaning
A military operation in which a place is surrounded to force its surrender.
Example
The castle fell after a long siege.
Le château est tombé après un long siège.
B2 noun, verb /skruː/

screw

un dispositif métallique avec une hélice; fixer ou serrer quelque chose avec une vis
Meaning
a metal fastener with a helical ridge; to fasten or tighten something with a screw
Example
He screwed the shelf to the wall tightly.
Il a vissé l'étagère au mur fermement.
B2 adjective /ˌsɪm.pəˈθet.ɪk/

Sympathetic

compatissant; compréhensif; sensible;
Meaning
showing compassion or understanding for someone's feelings or situation
Example
She was very sympathetic when I told her about my problems.
Elle était très sympathique quand je lui ai parlé de mes problèmes.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

spatial
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
Le scientifique a étudié l'agencement spatial des étoiles.
B2 verb /səʊ/

sew

bonheur
Meaning
to join pieces of fabric or material together using a needle and thread
Example
She learned to sew her own clothes at an early age.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb/noun /skɒtʃ/

scotch

mettre fin à / whisky écossais
Meaning
to put an end to something; also a type of whisky
Example
The report scotched the rumors of a merger.
Le rapport a mis fin aux rumeurs de fusion.
C2 noun ˈsɒmnələns

somnolence

somnolence
Meaning
A state of drowsiness or sleepiness; inclination to sleep.
Example
The somnolence after a heavy meal made it hard to concentrate.
La somnolence après un repas copieux a rendu difficile la concentration.
C1 adjective /ˈskɪtɪʃ/

skittish

nerveux
Meaning
easily frightened or nervous; unpredictable
Example
The horse was too skittish to ride.
Le cheval était trop nerveux pour monter.
B1 noun ˈsɛʃənz

sessions

séances, réunions, période
Meaning
A meeting of an official body, especially a court of law, to conduct its business; a period devoted to a particular activity.
Example
The sessions lasted for three hours.
Les séances ont duré trois heures.
A1 noun /saɪd/

side

côté
Meaning
a position to the left or right of something
Example
The store is on the side of the road.
Le magasin est du côté de la route.
B2 noun /slæŋ/

Slang

argot; langage informel
Meaning
very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written
Example
The teenagers used slang that their parents couldn't understand.
Les adolescents ont utilisé du slang que leurs parents ne pouvaient pas comprendre.
B2 noun /ˈspɛk.tə.kəl/

spectacle

spectacle
Meaning
An impressive display or performance for viewers.
Example
The fireworks created a breathtaking spectacle in the night sky.
Les feux d'artifice ont créé un spectacle époustouflant dans le ciel nocturne.
C1 noun /ˈsɛvərəns/

severance

indemnité de licenciement
Meaning
the act of ending something, especially a relationship or employment; compensation paid upon termination
Example
The company offered him severance pay after his job ended.
L'entreprise lui a offert une indemnité de licenciement après la fin de son emploi.
B1 noun /ˈsɪɡ.nəl/

Signal

signal
Meaning
a gesture, action, or sound that conveys information or instruction
Example
The traffic signal turned red, so we stopped.
Le signal de circulation est devenu rouge, alors nous nous sommes arrêtés.
A2 adjective /streɪt/

Straight

droit; direct; honnête;
Meaning
extending or moving uniformly in one direction; not curved or bent; honest
Example
Draw a straight line from point A to point B.
Tracez une ligne droite du point A au point B.
C1 adjective /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

sanguine

optimiste
Meaning
Optimistic or positive, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
Despite the challenges, she remained sanguine about the future.
Malgré les défis, elle est restée optimiste quant à l'avenir.
B2 adjective /sə'spɪʃ.əs/

Suspicious

suspect; douteux
Meaning
having or showing distrust; doubtful; questionable
Example
The police found his behavior very suspicious.
La police a trouvé son comportement très suspect.
C1 noun /ˈspaɪər/

spire

flèche
Meaning
a tall, pointed structure on top of a building, especially a church
Example
The church spire could be seen from miles away.
La flèche de l'église était visible de loin.
C1 noun /ˈstɪklər/

stickler

personne exigeante sur les règles
Meaning
a person who insists on a certain quality or standard of behavior
Example
He is a stickler for punctuality and never tolerates delays.
Il est très strict sur la ponctualité et ne tolère pas les retards.
C2 noun /ʃiːt fɪʃ/

Sheat-fish

silure
Meaning
A large freshwater catfish with a broad flat head and long barbels
Example
The sheat-fish is one of the largest freshwater fish in South Asia.
Le silure est l’un des plus grands poissons d’eau douce d’Asie du Sud.
C1 adjective /ˈskræpi/

scrappy

combattant / en désordre
Meaning
Determined and willing to fight or argue; also messy or disorganized.
Example
Despite being small, he was a scrappy fighter.
Malgré sa petite taille, il était un combattant déterminé.
B2 noun ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti

sensitivity

sensibilité
Meaning
The quality or condition of being sensitive; responsiveness to stimuli.
Example
Bose proved plant sensitivity through experiments.
Bose a prouvé la sensibilité des plantes par des expériences.
C2 adjective /ˈsmɑːrmi/

smarmy

flatteur / fausse politesse
Meaning
Excessively flattering or ingratiating, often insincerely.
Example
The salesman gave a smarmy pitch that felt fake.
Le vendeur a donné un discours flatteur qui semblait faux.
C2 noun /ˈseɪnjər/

seignior

seigneur féodal
Meaning
A feudal lord; a man of authority in medieval Europe.
Example
The seignior demanded taxes from the peasants.
Le seigneur féodal a exigé des taxes des paysans.
C1 verb /spɜːrn/

spurn

rejeter avec dédain
Meaning
To reject something or someone with disdain or contempt.
Example
She spurned his offer of help.
Elle a rejeté son offre d'aide avec mépris.
B1 noun /ˈsteɪt.mənt/

Statement

déclaration
Meaning
a definite or clear expression of something in speech or writing; an official account of facts
Example
The CEO issued a statement about the company's future plans.
Le PDG a publié une déclaration concernant les plans futurs de l'entreprise.
A2 verb /sɜːrv/

serve

servir
Meaning
to provide service; to work for; to offer food or drink
Example
She serves breakfast at 8 AM every morning.
Elle sert le petit-déjeuner à 8h tous les matins.
C2 adjective, noun /səbˈmɜːrsəbl/

submersible

submersible
Meaning
capable of being submerged; a small underwater craft
Example
The scientists explored the deep ocean using a submersible.
Les scientifiques ont exploré l'océan profond à l'aide d'un submersible.
B2 noun /ˈskʌlp.tər/

Sculptor

sculpteur
Meaning
an artist who creates sculptures by carving, modeling, or shaping materials
Example
The sculptor spent months creating a beautiful marble statue.
Le sculpteur a passé des mois à créer une belle statue en marbre.
C2 noun /stɛp/

steppe

steppe
Meaning
A large flat area of unforested grassland, especially in southeastern Europe or Siberia.
Example
The nomads traveled across the vast steppe with their herds.
Les nomades ont voyagé à travers la vaste steppe avec leurs troupeaux.
B2 verb, noun /sniːz/

sneeze

éternuer
Meaning
to expel air involuntarily from the nose and mouth due to irritation; the act of sneezing
Example
I had to sneeze during the meeting.
J'ai dû éternuer pendant la réunion.
B2 noun /ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti/

sexuality

sexualité
Meaning
a person's capacity for sexual feelings and orientation
Example
She spoke openly about her sexuality and identity.
Elle a parlé ouvertement de sa sexualité et de son identité.
B1 adjective /ˈsæt.ɪs.fæk.tər.i/

Satisfactory

satisfaisant
Meaning
acceptable; meeting requirements; adequate
Example
The test results were satisfactory.
Les résultats du test étaient satisfaisants.
B2 adjective /ˈspiː.di/

Speedy

rapide; prompt; agile;
Meaning
moving or happening quickly; fast
Example
The speedy delivery service arrived within an hour.
Le service de livraison rapide est arrivé en une heure.
B2 adjective /stɜːrn/

Stern

strict; sévère
Meaning
serious and demanding exact conformity to rules; strict and severe
Example
The teacher gave the students a stern warning about cheating.
L'enseignant a donné aux élèves un avertissement strict concernant la tricherie.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃər/

stature

stature, prestige
Meaning
A person's natural height or their reputation and importance.
Example
Her intellectual stature made her a respected figure in academia.
Sa stature intellectuelle a fait d'elle une figure respectée dans le monde académique.
B2 noun /spæm/

spam

spam
Meaning
unsolicited or unwanted electronic communication, typically in the form of email
Example
My inbox is full of spam emails that I need to delete.
Ma boîte de réception est pleine d'e-mails indésirables que je dois supprimer.
B1 noun /sɔːrs/

Source

source
Meaning
a place, person, or thing from which something originates; the origin of information
Example
The river's source is high in the mountains.
La source du fleuve est haute dans les montagnes.
B2 adjective /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/

striking

frappant
Meaning
very noticeable or impressive in appearance or effect
Example
Her striking beauty caught everyone's attention.
Sa beauté frappante a attiré l'attention de tout le monde.
C2 verb /ˈsʌn.dər/

sunder

séparer
Meaning
To split apart or separate, especially with force.
Example
The war sundered families and friends.
La guerre a séparé des familles et des amis.
B2 noun /ˈsɪmp.təmz/

symptoms

symptômes
Meaning
signs or indications of a disease or condition
Example
Fever and cough are common symptoms of the flu.
La fièvre et la toux sont des symptômes courants de la grippe.
B2 noun/verb /skræp/

scrap

morceau / jeter
Meaning
A small piece of something; to discard or get rid of something.
Example
He used a scrap of paper to jot down the number.
Il a utilisé un morceau de papier pour écrire le numéro.
C2 adjective /ˈsɛpərəbəl/

separable

séparable
Meaning
Capable of being separated or divided.
Example
The two issues are separable and should be discussed independently.
Les deux problèmes sont séparables et doivent être discutés indépendamment.
C1 adjective /ˈskrʌfi/

Scruffy

démodé ou en désordre dans son apparence; sale et usé
Meaning
untidy or unkempt in appearance; shabby and worn
Example
The scruffy old dog wandered through the streets looking for food.
Le chien sale se promenait dans les rues à la recherche de nourriture.
B2 noun /ˈsɛnət/

senate

sénat
Meaning
a legislative or governing body, typically the upper chamber in a bicameral legislature
Example
The senate voted in favor of the new healthcare bill.
Le sénat a voté en faveur du nouveau projet de loi sur la santé.
A2 verb /smel/

smell

sentir
Meaning
to perceive odor through the nose; to have an odor
Example
The flowers smell sweet.
Les fleurs sentent sucrées.
A2 noun /ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃən/

Situation

situation; état des choses
Meaning
a set of circumstances in which one finds oneself; a state of affairs
Example
We need to assess the current situation before making any decisions.
Nous devons évaluer la situation actuelle avant de prendre des décisions.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

éclat
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Il s'est coupé le doigt avec un éclat de verre.
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

somme, résumé
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
L'avocat a donné un puissant résumé de l'affaire.
A1 verb /sliːp/

sleep

dormir
Meaning
to rest with eyes closed and reduced consciousness; to be inactive
Example
I need to sleep for eight hours every night.
J'ai besoin de dormir huit heures chaque nuit.
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

stipuler
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
Le contrat stipule que le paiement doit être effectué dans les 30 jours.
B2 noun /siːdʒ/

Sieze

siège
Meaning
a military operation to capture a place by surrounding it and cutting off supplies
Example
The siege of the castle lasted for three months.
Le siège du château a duré trois mois.
A2 noun /ˈsuː.pəˌmɑː.kɪt/

supermarket

supermarché
Meaning
a large self-service store selling food and household goods
Example
She went to the supermarket to buy groceries.
Elle est allée au supermarché pour acheter des courses.
B2 noun /ˈswɛər wɜːrd/

swear-word

mots grossiers
Meaning
An offensive or rude word used to express anger or frustration.
Example
He shouted a swear-word when he hit his toe.
Il a crié un mot grossier quand il s'est frappé le orteil.
A1 noun /ˈsʌn.deɪ/

sunday

dimanche
Meaning
The day of the week between Saturday and Monday; often considered a day of rest or worship.
Example
We usually relax at home on Sunday.
Nous nous détendons généralement à la maison le dimanche.
B1 adjective ˈʃɔːrt.tɜːrm

short-term

à court terme
Meaning
Occurring over or involving a relatively short period of time.
Example
Investing in stocks can yield short-term profits.
Investir dans des actions peut générer des bénéfices à court terme.
C1 noun /ˈsʌnˌdaʊn/

sundown

coucher du soleil
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
Example
We planned to reach the village before sundown.
Nous avions prévu d'arriver au village avant le coucher du soleil.
C1 noun /stæɡˈneɪ.ʃən/

stagnation

stagnation
Meaning
A state of inactivity or lack of growth, especially in an economy.
Example
High unemployment led to economic stagnation.
Le chômage élevé a conduit à une stagnation économique.
C2 adjective /ˌsɪkəˈfæntɪk/

sycophantic

flatteur
Meaning
Behaving in a way that is excessively obedient or servile to gain favor.
Example
His sycophantic behavior annoyed his colleagues.
Son comportement flatteur agacé ses collègues.
C1 adjective /ˈstɔːlwərt/

stalwart

fidèle, robuste
Meaning
Loyal, reliable, and hardworking; strongly built or sturdy.
Example
She has always been a stalwart supporter of the community.
Elle a toujours été une fidèle partisane de la communauté.
C2 adjective /ˈsfɪŋks laɪk/

sphinx-like

mystérieux
Meaning
Mysterious, enigmatic, or difficult to interpret
Example
Her sphinx-like smile made it hard to guess what she was thinking.
Son sourire sphinx-like rendait difficile de deviner ce qu'elle pensait.
A1 adverb /soʊ/

so

tellement
Meaning
to such a degree or extent
Example
She was so happy with the gift.
Elle était tellement heureuse avec le cadeau.
B2 verb /saɪ/

sigh

soupirer
Meaning
to let out a long, deep breath as an expression of tiredness, relief, or sadness
Example
She sighed with relief when she heard the good news.
Elle a soupiré de soulagement lorsqu'elle a entendu la bonne nouvelle.
B2 noun /ˈsɪmbəl/

Symbol

symbole
Meaning
a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function, or process
Example
The dove is a symbol of peace.
La colombe est un symbole de la paix.
C1 verb /səbˈvɜːrt/

subvert

renverser
Meaning
to undermine or overthrow an established system, authority, or institution
Example
The rebels tried to subvert the government.
Les rebelles ont essayé de renverser le gouvernement.
C2 verb /ˈsnɪvəl/

snivel

pleurer ou se plaindre d'une manière faible ou agaçante
Meaning
to cry or complain in a weak or annoying way
Example
He began to snivel when he didn’t get his way.
Il a commencé à pleurer quand il n'a pas obtenu ce qu'il voulait.
B2 noun /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.ɪ.zəm/

socialism

socialisme
Meaning
An economic system where the means of production are owned by the state or community.
Example
In socialism, resources are distributed equally among citizens.
Dans le socialisme, les ressources sont réparties également parmi les citoyens.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

subordonné
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Il gère dix subordonnés dans son département.
C1 adjective /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/

scathing

critique acerbe
Meaning
severely critical; harshly scornful
Example
The critic wrote a scathing review of the movie.
Le critique a écrit une critique acerbe du film.
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

scintiller
Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
Le lac scintillait sous la lumière de la lune.
C2 noun /ˈsɒfɪst/

sophist

sophiste
Meaning
a person who uses clever but misleading arguments
Example
He was dismissed as a sophist who twisted facts to win debates.
Il a été rejeté comme un sophiste qui déformait les faits pour gagner des débats.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrəɡət/

surrogate

substitut
Meaning
A substitute, especially a person deputizing for another in a specific role or office.
Example
The surrogate mother gave birth to the child after carrying it for nine months.
La mère porteuse a donné naissance à l'enfant après l'avoir porté pendant neuf mois.
C1 noun /streɪt/

strait

détroit
Meaning
A narrow passage of water connecting two seas or two large areas of water.
Example
The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
Le détroit de Gibraltar relie l'océan Atlantique et la mer Méditerranée.
B1 noun /ˈsɛtɪŋ/

setting

décor
Meaning
the environment or place where something happens
Example
The setting of the movie was a beautiful beach.
Le décor du film était une belle plage.
C2 adjective /səˈpʌlkrəl/

sepulchral

relatif à un tombeau, lugubre
Meaning
Relating to a tomb or burial; gloomy, dismal.
Example
The abandoned house had a sepulchral silence about it.
La maison abandonnée avait un silence sepulcral.
B2 verb /stɪŋ/

sting

piquer
Meaning
to pierce with a sharp point; to cause sharp pain
Example
The bee stung him on his arm while he was gardening.
L'abeille l'a piqué au bras pendant qu'il jardinait.
C1 noun ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃən

saturation

saturation
Meaning
The state of being saturated; the degree or extent to which something is dissolved or absorbed
Example
The saturation of the market with similar products reduced sales.
La saturation du marché avec des produits similaires a réduit les ventes.
B1 verb /skrætʃ/

scratch

bonheur
Meaning
to rub a surface or skin with something sharp or rough, often to relieve itching
Example
The cat scratched the door to be let in.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.fəl/

Shameful

honteux; disgracieux; embarrassant
Meaning
causing shame; disgraceful; embarrassing
Example
His shameful behavior embarrassed the entire family.
Son comportement honteux a embarrassé toute la famille.
B2 noun /sɪv/

Seive

passoire
Meaning
a utensil consisting of a wire or plastic mesh held in a frame, used for straining solids from liquids
Example
She used a sieve to separate the flour from lumps.
Elle a utilisé une passoire pour séparer la farine des grumeaux.
A2 adjective /sər'praɪz.ɪŋ/

Surprising

surprenant; étonnant
Meaning
causing surprise; unexpected; remarkable
Example
It's surprising how quickly children learn new languages.
C'est surprenant de voir à quelle vitesse les enfants apprennent de nouvelles langues.
C1 noun səˈfɪʃənsi

sufficiency

suffisance
Meaning
The condition of being adequate or enough; adequacy.
Example
The sufficiency of food supply is critical for survival.
La suffisance de l'approvisionnement alimentaire est essentielle pour la survie.
C2 noun /sɪˈrɒkoʊ/

sirocco

vent chaud et sec
Meaning
A hot, dry wind blowing from North Africa across the Mediterranean to southern Europe.
Example
The sirocco made the city unbearably hot and dusty.
Le sirocco a rendu la ville insupportablement chaude et poussiéreuse.
A2 adjective /smuːð/

Smooth

lisse; sans difficulté; fluide
Meaning
having an even surface; without difficulties; flowing easily
Example
The road was smooth and comfortable to drive on.
La route était lisse et confortable pour conduire.
C1 verb /ˈstoʊnwɔːl/

stonewall

entraver
Meaning
To delay or block progress by refusing to cooperate or answer
Example
The witness tried to stonewall during the investigation.
Le témoin a essayé de faire du stonewall lors de l'enquête.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

sacrilège
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
Le tableau a été critiqué comme étant sacrilège.
C1 adjective /ˌsɛlf əbˈzɔːrbd/

self-absorbed

égocentrique
Meaning
Excessively preoccupied with oneself and one’s own thoughts, feelings, or interests.
Example
He was too self-absorbed to notice his friend's distress.
Il était trop égocentrique pour remarquer la détresse de son ami.
B2 verb ˈstɪmjəleɪt

stimulate

stimuler
Meaning
To encourage or promote the development or growth of something
Example
Proper sunlight stimulates plant growth.
La lumière du soleil appropriée stimule la croissance des plantes.
C2 noun /ˈʃʊərəti/

surety

caution
Meaning
a person who takes responsibility for another's performance of an undertaking, such as appearing in court or paying a debt
Example
The landlord required a surety before renting the apartment.
Le propriétaire a exigé une caution avant de louer l'appartement.
C1 noun səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈpræktɪsɪz

sustainable practices

pratiques durables
Meaning
Methods and activities that can be maintained over time without depleting natural resources or harming the environment.
Example
Sustainable practices are vital for environmental preservation.
Les pratiques durables sont essentielles pour la préservation de l'environnement.
C2 noun /sɛkˈstɛt/

sextet

sextuor
Meaning
a group of six people playing music or a piece written for six performers
Example
The jazz sextet filled the small club with a warm, layered sound.
Le sextuor de jazz a rempli le petit club avec un son chaud et superposé.
B1 noun /ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

Spinach

épinard
Meaning
a vegetable with large dark green leaves that are eaten cooked or uncooked
Example
Fresh spinach is very nutritious.
Les épinards frais sont très nutritifs.
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

étaler / diffamer
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
L'enfant a étalé de la peinture sur le mur.
C1 adjective /snaɪd/

snide

moqueur
Meaning
mocking or insulting in an indirect way
Example
He couldn’t resist making a snide comment about her dress.
Il ne pouvait s'empêcher de faire un commentaire moqueur sur sa robe.
B2 adjective /səˈpɔːtɪv/

supportive

de soutien
Meaning
providing encouragement or emotional help to someone
Example
She was very supportive during my difficult times.
Elle était très supportive pendant mes moments difficiles.
B2 adjective /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/

statistical

statistique
Meaning
relating to the use or analysis of numerical data
Example
The report provides statistical data about population growth.
Le rapport fournit des données statistiques sur la croissance de la population.
B1 noun /ʃeɪm/

Shame

honte
Meaning
a painful feeling of humiliation or distress; something regrettable
Example
He felt deep shame for his dishonest behavior at work.
Il a ressenti une profonde honte pour son comportement malhonnête au travail.
C2 noun /ˈskɜː.vi/

scurvy

Scorbut
Meaning
A disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, leading to weakness, gum disease, and bleeding.
Example
Sailors often suffered from scurvy during long sea voyages without fresh fruits.
Les marins souffraient souvent du scorbut lors de longs voyages en mer sans fruits frais.
A1 verb /ˈstʌdi/

study

étudier
Meaning
to learn about something; to examine carefully; to research
Example
I study mathematics every evening.
J'étudie les mathématiques chaque soir.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

sororité
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
Le mouvement féministe a créé un fort sentiment de sororité parmi les femmes.
A1 adjective /seɪm/

same

identique
Meaning
identical; not different or changed
Example
We wore the same dress at the party.
Nous avons porté la même robe à la fête.
C1 verb /ˈskwɒbəl/

squabble

se disputer bruyamment pour quelque chose de trivial
Meaning
To argue noisily over something small or unimportant.
Example
The children squabbled over the last piece of cake.
Les enfants se disputaient pour le dernier morceau de gâteau.