smuggle
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B2 verb /ˈsmʌɡəl/

smuggle

faire passer en contrebande
Meaning
to move goods illegally into or out of a country
Example
The gang tried to smuggle gold across the border.
Le gang a essayé de faire passer de l'or à travers la frontière.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.di/

Seedy

plein de graines; sale et dégradant; en mauvais état
Meaning
squalid and disreputable; shabby and run-down; full of seeds
Example
They avoided walking through the seedy part of town at night.
Ils évitaient de marcher dans la partie sale et dégradante de la ville la nuit.
A2 noun /siːd/

seed

graine
Meaning
the small, hard part of a plant from which a new plant can grow
Example
I planted a seed in the garden.
J'ai planté une graine dans le jardin.
B1 verb /siːk/

seek

chercher
Meaning
to try to find or obtain something; to attempt or desire to achieve
Example
He decided to seek advice from his mentor.
Il a décidé de chercher des conseils auprès de son mentor.
B2 noun /ˈsiːkər/

seeker

chercheur
Meaning
a person who is looking for something, especially knowledge or truth
Example
The seeker traveled far to find the answers to his questions.
Le chercheur a voyagé loin pour trouver les réponses à ses questions.
B2 verb /swer/

swear

jurer
Meaning
to use offensive language; to promise solemnly; to take an oath
Example
I swear to tell the truth.
Je jure de dire la vérité.
B2 noun /swɪŋ/

Swing

balançoire
Meaning
move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an axis
Example
The children love to swing in the park.
Les enfants adorent se balancer dans le parc.
B2 verb /skrʌb/

scrub

frotter
Meaning
To rub hard so as to clean, typically with a brush and water.
Example
Excessive scrubbing of the eyes is harmful.
Se frotter les yeux de manière excessive est nuisible.
C1 noun/verb /ˈslʌmbər/

slumber

sommeil
Meaning
A state of sleep; to sleep lightly or rest.
Example
The child slumbered peacefully through the night.
L'enfant a dormi paisiblement toute la nuit.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

ferme, fidèle
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
Elle est une défenseure ferme de la protection de l'environnement.
A2 adjective /streɪt/

Straight

droit; direct; honnête;
Meaning
extending or moving uniformly in one direction; not curved or bent; honest
Example
Draw a straight line from point A to point B.
Tracez une ligne droite du point A au point B.
A2 noun ˈsɜːvɪsɪz

services

services
Meaning
The action of helping or doing work for someone.
Example
Services in the healthcare industry are essential for well-being.
Les services dans l'industrie de la santé sont essentiels au bien-être.
A2 verb /siːm/

seem

sembler
Meaning
to give the impression of being something or having a particular quality
Example
He seems tired after the long journey.
Il semble fatigué après le long voyage.
C2 noun /ʃiːt fɪʃ/

Sheat-fish

silure
Meaning
A large freshwater catfish with a broad flat head and long barbels
Example
The sheat-fish is one of the largest freshwater fish in South Asia.
Le silure est l’un des plus grands poissons d’eau douce d’Asie du Sud.
A2 adjective /ˈsɪr.i.əs/

Serious

sérieux; grave; important;
Meaning
thoughtful; grave; requiring careful consideration; not joking
Example
This is a serious matter that needs immediate attention.
C'est une question sérieuse qui nécessite une attention immédiate.
C2 adjective /ˈʃɑːpwɔːrn/

shopworn

usé / vieilli
Meaning
worn or faded from being displayed in a shop; no longer fresh or original
Example
The shopworn shoes were sold at a discount.
Les chaussures shopworn ont été vendues à prix réduit.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

scieur
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
Le scieur habile a coupé les bûches en planches.
A2 noun /sməʊk/

smoke

fumée
Meaning
A visible suspension of carbon or other particles in air, typically one emitted from a burning substance.
Example
Smoke from vehicles worsens air quality.
La fumée des véhicules aggrave la qualité de l'air.
C2 noun /ʃiːf/

sheaf

gerbe de blé
Meaning
a bundle of grain stalks laid lengthwise and tied together after reaping; a bundle of objects tied together
Example
The farmer carried a sheaf of wheat on his shoulder.
Le fermier portait une gerbe de blé sur son épaule.
C2 noun /ˌsɒ̃ˈfrwɑː/

sangfroid

sang-froid
Meaning
Composure or coolness under pressure.
Example
She impressed everyone with her sangfroid during the interview.
Elle a impressionné tout le monde par son sang-froid pendant l'entretien.
B2 verb /stɜːr/

stir

remuer
Meaning
to mix or move something in a circular motion, especially in liquid
Example
She stirred the soup to make sure it didn't burn.
Elle a remué la soupe pour s'assurer qu'elle ne brûle pas.
C2 adjective /sɪˈdɪʃəs/

seditious

séditieux
Meaning
Encouraging rebellion against authority.
Example
The activist spread seditious pamphlets among the crowd.
L'activiste a distribué des tracts séditieux parmi la foule.
B2 verb /spɪn/

spin

tourner
Meaning
To turn around quickly or cause something to rotate
Example
The dancer began to spin gracefully on the stage.
La danseuse a commencé à tourner gracieusement sur scène.
B2 noun /ˈspəʊkswɪmən/

spokeswoman

porte-parole femme
Meaning
a woman who speaks on behalf of a group or organization
Example
The spokeswoman for the company announced the new product.
La porte-parole de l'entreprise a annoncé le nouveau produit.
C1 adjective /səkˈsɪŋkt/

succinct

concis
Meaning
Briefly and clearly expressed; characterized by clear, precise expression in few words.
Example
His speech was succinct and impactful.
Son discours était concis et percutant.
B2 noun /sɔːrd/

Sword

épée
Meaning
a weapon with a long metal blade and a handle, used for fighting
Example
The knight drew his sword to defend the castle.
Le chevalier sortit son épée pour défendre le château.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

de mauvaise qualité
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
L'entrepreneur a fait un travail de mauvaise qualité lors des réparations.
B2 verb /soʊ/

sow

semer
Meaning
to plant seeds in the ground; to scatter seeds for growing
Example
The farmer will sow wheat seeds in the field tomorrow.
Le fermier plantera des graines de blé dans le champ demain.
A2 adjective /ˈspænɪʃ/

spanish

espagnol
Meaning
relating to Spain or the Spanish language
Example
She is fluent in Spanish and French.
Elle parle couramment l'espagnol et le français.
C2 adjective ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs

surreptitious

secret
Meaning
Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of; done stealthily.
Example
She took a surreptitious glance at his notes.
Elle jeta un regard furtif sur ses notes.
B2 noun /swiːt/

suite

suite
Meaning
a set of rooms designated for one person's or family's use or for a particular purpose
Example
They stayed in the presidential suite at the hotel.
Ils sont restés dans la suite présidentielle de l'hôtel.
C2 adjective /ˌsuː.pər.ɪˈrɑː.ɡə.tɔːr.i/

supererogatory

superflu
Meaning
Going beyond what is required or expected; more than necessary.
Example
His donation was supererogatory, far beyond what anyone had asked for.
Sa donation était superflue, bien au-delà de ce que quelqu'un avait demandé.
C2 noun /ˈspɒt.ɪd sneɪk hed/

Spotted snake head

poisson tête de serpent tachetée
Meaning
a type of freshwater fish with spotted markings and an elongated head resembling a snake
Example
The spotted snake head is a popular fish for aquaculture in South Asia.
Le poisson tête de serpent tachetée est populaire pour l'aquaculture en Asie du Sud.
B1 adverb /sɪnˈsɪrli/

sincerely

sincèrement
Meaning
with genuine feelings; honestly and truly
Example
I sincerely hope you recover soon.
J'espère sincèrement que vous vous rétablirez bientôt.
C1 verb /ˈʃrɪvəl/

shrivel

ridé
Meaning
To become dry, wrinkled, and smaller due to lack of moisture.
Example
The flowers shriveled under the hot sun.
Les fleurs se sont ridées sous le soleil chaud.
C1 verb /stoʊk/

stoke

attiser le feu; encourager ou augmenter un sentiment ou une activité forte
Meaning
To add fuel to a fire; to encourage or increase a strong feeling or activity.
Example
The politician’s speech stoked anger among the crowd.
Le discours du politicien a enflammé la colère parmi la foule.
C2 noun /sɪˈnɛrəsɪs/

syneresis

synthérèse
Meaning
The contraction of two adjacent vowels into a single syllable or the separation of liquid from a gel.
Example
The yogurt showed syneresis when liquid separated on top.
Le yaourt a montré une synthérèse lorsque le liquide s'est séparé sur le dessus.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌlən/

sullen

maussade
Meaning
bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful
Example
She gave him a sullen look and walked away.
Elle lui lança un regard maussade et s'éloigna.
B2 adverb /ˈsiː.mɪŋ.li/

seemingly

apparemment, de manière apparemment calme
Meaning
appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Example
He was seemingly calm despite the chaos around him.
Il était apparemment calme malgré le chaos autour de lui.
B2 noun sliːp ˌdɛprɪˈveɪʃən

sleep deprivation

manque de sommeil
Meaning
The condition of not having enough sleep; lack of adequate sleep.
Example
Sleep deprivation can severely impact mental health.
Le manque de sommeil peut avoir un impact grave sur la santé mentale.
B2 adjective /ˈstʌdid/

studied

réfléchi
Meaning
carefully considered, deliberate, or planned
Example
Her response was calm and studied, not impulsive.
Sa réponse était calme et réfléchie, pas impulsive.
B2 verb səˈpres

suppress

réprimer
Meaning
To forcibly put an end to; to restrain or subdue.
Example
Authorities must suppress criminal activities in campuses.
Les autorités doivent réprimer les activités criminelles dans les campus.
B2 verb /ˈstʌmbəl/

stumble

trébucher
Meaning
to trip or lose balance while walking or running; to make a mistake or falter
Example
He stumbled on the uneven pavement.
Il a trébuché sur le pavé inégal.
B2 noun /slæŋ/

Slang

argot; langage informel
Meaning
very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written
Example
The teenagers used slang that their parents couldn't understand.
Les adolescents ont utilisé du slang que leurs parents ne pouvaient pas comprendre.
B1 noun, verb /skiːm/

scheme

plan / complot
Meaning
a plan or arrangement, especially one that is secret or dishonest
Example
They devised a scheme to cheat investors.
Ils ont conçu un plan pour tromper les investisseurs.
B2 verb /sɜːrdʒ/

surge

surge
Meaning
to move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward
Example
The crowd surged forward when the gates opened.
La foule a surgi en avant lorsque les portes se sont ouvertes.
A1 verb /sliːp/

sleep

dormir
Meaning
to rest with eyes closed and reduced consciousness; to be inactive
Example
I need to sleep for eight hours every night.
J'ai besoin de dormir huit heures chaque nuit.
C1 noun səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

sophistication

niveau élevé de complexité ou de raffinement
Meaning
High level of complexity or refinement.
Example
The sophistication of modern AI technology is remarkable.
La sophistication de la technologie moderne de l'IA est remarquable.
C1 adjective ˈsek.tər spəˈsɪf.ɪk

sector-specific

sectoriel
Meaning
Relating to or designed for a particular sector or industry.
Example
Sector-specific policies attract targeted investments.
Les politiques sectorielles attirent les investissements ciblés.
B2 verb /ˈsʌfəkeɪt/

suffocate

s'étouffer
Meaning
to cause someone to die or have difficulty breathing by depriving them of air
Example
The child nearly suffocated when trapped in the locked room.
L'enfant a failli s'étouffer lorsqu'il a été piégé dans la pièce verrouillée.
B1 noun /slaɪs/

Slice

tranche; part
Meaning
a thin, flat piece cut from something larger
Example
Would you like a slice of pizza?
Voulez-vous une tranche de pizza ?
C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

solstice
Meaning
the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)
Example
People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.
Les gens célèbrent le solstice d'été avec des festivals et des rituels.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːzənəbəl/

Seasonable

saisonnière
Meaning
occurring at the right time; appropriate for the season; timely
Example
The seasonable rain helped the farmers with their crops.
La pluie saisonnière a aidé les agriculteurs avec leurs récoltes.
B2 noun /skɛtʃ/

sketch

croquis
Meaning
a simple, rough drawing or outline
Example
He made a quick sketch of the landscape.
Il a fait un croquis rapide du paysage.
B1 noun /ˈseɪ.lər/

Sailor

marin
Meaning
a person who works on a ship or boat; a member of a navy
Example
The experienced sailor navigated the ship through the storm.
Le marin expérimenté a navigué le navire à travers la tempête.
B1 verb səˈpɔːrtɪŋ

supporting

soutenir
Meaning
Giving assistance to; helping to bear the weight of something.
Example
Supporting education initiatives helps reduce child labour.
Soutenir les initiatives éducatives aide à réduire le travail des enfants.
A2 adjective /smuːð/

Smooth

lisse; sans difficulté; fluide
Meaning
having an even surface; without difficulties; flowing easily
Example
The road was smooth and comfortable to drive on.
La route était lisse et confortable pour conduire.
B1 adjective /ʃɛrd/

shared

partagé
Meaning
used, done, or experienced by two or more people together
Example
They live in a shared apartment near the university.
Ils vivent dans un appartement partagé près de l'université.
A2 adjective /ˈsɪmələr/

Similar

semblable; ayant des caractéristiques communes
Meaning
alike; having characteristics in common
Example
The two sisters have similar interests in music.
Les deux sœurs ont des intérêts similaires en musique.
B1 adjective /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

significant

significatif
Meaning
Sufficiently great or important to be worthy of attention; noteworthy.
Example
Social media has a significant impact on relationships.
Les réseaux sociaux ont un impact significatif sur les relations.
C1 adjective /sliːk/

sleek

élégant et brillant
Meaning
smooth, shiny, and stylish
Example
She drove a sleek black sports car.
Elle a conduit une voiture de sport brillante et élégante.
C1 noun /səˈsteɪnəbl ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/

sustainable agriculture

agriculture durable
Meaning
Farming practices that meet current food needs while preserving environmental resources and maintaining the ability to produce food for future generations through ecologically sound methods.
Example
Sustainable agriculture practices protect the environment while ensuring food security.
Les pratiques d'agriculture durable protègent l'environnement tout en assurant la sécurité alimentaire.
C1 noun ˈsæŋktɪti

sanctity

sainteté
Meaning
The state or quality of being holy, sacred, or saintly; ultimate importance.
Example
The sanctity of life should never be compromised.
La sainteté de la vie ne doit jamais être compromise.
B2 noun /ˈsliːpər/

sleeper

personne qui dort; quelque chose qui réussit de manière inattendue
Meaning
a person or thing that sleeps; something that unexpectedly succeeds
Example
The movie turned out to be a real sleeper hit.
Le film s'est avéré être un succès inattendu.
C1 adjective /sɛkˈtɛəriən/

sectarian

sectaire
Meaning
relating to or characterized by the differences between sects, often leading to conflict
Example
The region has been troubled by sectarian violence for decades.
La région a été troublée par la violence sectaire pendant des décennies.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːdʒɪkəl/

surgical

relatif à la chirurgie
Meaning
relating to or involving surgery
Example
She underwent surgical treatment to repair the damage.
Elle a subi un traitement chirurgical pour réparer les dégâts.
A2 noun /ˈsɪk.nəs/

Sickness

maladie; affection
Meaning
the state of being ill; a disease or illness
Example
She took time off work due to sickness.
Elle a pris du temps libre du travail à cause de la maladie.
B2 verb /ˈsteɪ.bə.laɪz/

stabilize

stabiliser
Meaning
to make something steady, secure, or unlikely to change suddenly
Example
The government took measures to stabilize the economy.
Le gouvernement a pris des mesures pour stabiliser l'économie.
B2 adjective /ˈsteɪʃəˌneri/

stationary

immobile
Meaning
Not moving or not intended to be moved.
Example
The car remained stationary at the red light.
La voiture est restée immobile au feu rouge.
A2 adverb /ˈsloʊli/

slowly

lentement
Meaning
in a slow manner
Example
She walked slowly to the door.
Elle marcha lentement vers la porte.
B2 verb /ʃɛd/

shed

perdre
Meaning
to let something fall off naturally, such as leaves, hair, or tears
Example
Trees shed their leaves in autumn.
Les arbres perdent leurs feuilles en automne.
C1 noun /ˈsɒnɪt/

sonnet

sonnet
Meaning
A poem of 14 lines using formal rhyme schemes, often about love.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets about love and beauty.
Shakespeare a écrit de nombreux sonnets célèbres sur l'amour et la beauté.
B2 noun /səˈnɛərioʊ/

scenario

situation possible
Meaning
a possible situation or sequence of events
Example
The company prepared for the worst-case scenario.
L'entreprise s'est préparée au pire scénario.
C1 noun ˈstræt.ə.sfɪər

stratosphere

stratosphère
Meaning
The layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 50 km above the earth's surface.
Example
The stratosphere provides a unique environment.
La stratosphère offre un environnement unique.
C1 verb /ˈsætʃəˌreɪt/

saturate

saturer
Meaning
to fill completely with something until no more can be absorbed
Example
The heavy rain saturated the ground within minutes.
La forte pluie a saturé le sol en quelques minutes.
C1 verb /səˈkʌm/

succumb

céder
Meaning
To give in to pressure, temptation, or illness; to yield or fail to resist.
Example
He finally succumbed to his illness after a long struggle.
Il a finalement succombé à sa maladie après une longue lutte.
C1 noun /ˈsɪstərhʊd/

sisterhood

sororité
Meaning
The relationship between sisters, or a community of women united by shared experiences or goals.
Example
The feminist movement created a strong sense of sisterhood among women.
Le mouvement féministe a créé un fort sentiment de sororité parmi les femmes.
C2 noun /skɪf/

skiff

petit bateau
Meaning
a small, light boat usually for one person
Example
The fisherman paddled his skiff across the lake.
Le pêcheur a pagayé son petit bateau à travers le lac.
B1 adjective /ˈsɒlɪd/

solid

solide
Meaning
firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid
Example
The ground was solid underfoot.
Le sol était solide sous les pieds.
A2 noun /ˈsæd.nəs/

Sadness

tristesse, chagrin, douleur
Meaning
feeling of sorrow, unhappiness, or grief
Example
Her sadness was evident after hearing the bad news.
Sa tristesse était évidente après avoir entendu les mauvaises nouvelles.
B2 noun ˈstɪmjələs

stimulus

stimulus
Meaning
A thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.
Example
Plants respond to external stimulus.
Les plantes réagissent à un stimulus externe.
B2 noun sɛlf rɪˈlaɪ.əns

self-reliance

autonomie
Meaning
Reliance on one's own powers and resources rather than those of others; independence.
Example
Self-reliance helps build confidence.
L'autonomie aide à construire la confiance.
B2 verb /swiːp/

sweep

balayer
Meaning
to clean by brushing; to move quickly and smoothly
Example
She sweeps the floor every morning.
Elle balaie le sol chaque matin.
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

attelle
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
Le médecin a appliqué une attelle pour stabiliser le bras cassé du patient.
B1 noun /ʃɑːrk/

Shark

requin
Meaning
a large marine fish with sharp teeth and a cartilaginous skeleton
Example
The shark is a powerful predator of the ocean.
Le requin est un puissant prédateur de l’océan.
A2 noun/verb/adjective /ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/ (noun), /səbˈdʒɛkt/ (verb)

subject

sujet
Meaning
noun: a topic or theme; verb: to cause to undergo; adjective: dependent or under authority
Example
The teacher introduced a new subject in class.
Le professeur a introduit un nouveau sujet en classe.
C1 noun ˈsɛlfləsnɪs

selflessness

altruisme
Meaning
The quality of being concerned more with the needs of others than with one's own.
Example
Selflessness is a key value for community building.
L'altruisme est une valeur clé pour la construction de la communauté.
C2 verb /ʃʌk/

shuck

éplucher
Meaning
To remove the outer covering, such as the husk of corn or shell of shellfish.
Example
She learned how to shuck oysters quickly.
Elle a appris à ouvrir les huîtres rapidement.
C1 noun /ˌsɛnsəˈbɪləti/

Sensibility

sensibilité
Meaning
the ability to appreciate and respond to complex emotional or aesthetic influences; sensitivity
Example
Her artistic sensibility made her appreciate fine details in paintings.
Sa sensibilité artistique lui a permis d'apprécier les détails fins des peintures.
B1 verb /slɪp/

slip

glisser
Meaning
to lose balance or fall while moving, or to accidentally slide from a position
Example
She slipped on the wet floor and fell.
Elle a glissé sur le sol mouillé et est tombée.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

impasse
Meaning
A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.
Example
Negotiations ended in a stalemate.
Les négociations se sont terminées par un impasse.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɪp.ʃeɪp/

Shipshape

propre et bien organisé; en bon ordre
Meaning
neat and tidy; in good order; well-organized
Example
Everything was shipshape before the inspection.
Tout était impeccable avant l'inspection.
B1 adjective /ˈsekənderi/

secondary

secondaire
Meaning
Less important than something else; derived from or dependent on something primary.
Example
Safety is our primary concern, while speed is only secondary.
La sécurité est notre principale préoccupation, tandis que la vitesse est seulement secondaire.
A1 pronoun /ˈsʌmwʌn/

someone

quelqu'un
Meaning
a person, but not specifically known or named
Example
Someone left their umbrella in the hallway.
Quelqu'un a laissé son parapluie dans le couloir.
C2 adjective /ˈʃɪft.ləs/

shiftless

paresseux
Meaning
Lacking ambition or the ability to accomplish anything; lazy and unmotivated.
Example
He was seen as a shiftless young man with no goals.
Il a été vu comme un jeune homme paresseux sans objectifs.
A2 noun /səˈpraɪz/

surprise

surprise
Meaning
a sudden and unexpected event or situation
Example
His arrival was a pleasant surprise.
Son arrivée a été une agréable surprise.
A2 verb /ˈstɑːtɪŋ/

starting

commencer
Meaning
beginning to do or experience something
Example
She is starting a new job next week.
Elle commence un nouveau travail la semaine prochaine.
A2 noun /skɪlz/

skills

compétences
Meaning
The ability to do something well; expertise.
Example
Learning new skills can increase personal and professional growth.
Apprendre de nouvelles compétences peut augmenter la croissance personnelle et professionnelle.
C1 verb /ˈsmoʊldər/

smolder

fumer lentement
Meaning
to burn slowly with smoke but no flame; to show suppressed anger or emotion
Example
The fire smoldered for hours before it went out.
Le feu a fumé lentement pendant des heures avant de s'éteindre.
A2 adjective /ˈsəʊʃəl/

social

social
Meaning
relating to society or its organization
Example
She has a very social personality and enjoys meeting new people.
Elle a une personnalité très sociale et aime rencontrer de nouvelles personnes.
B2 noun /ˈsæb.ə.tɑːʒ/

Sabotage

sabotage
Meaning
deliberate destruction of equipment or disruption of activities
Example
The factory was shut down due to an act of sabotage.
L'usine a été fermée à cause d'un acte de sabotage.
C1 verb /səbˈsɪst/

subsist

subsister
Meaning
To maintain or support oneself, especially at a minimal level.
Example
Many villagers still subsist on fishing and farming.
Beaucoup de villageois subsistent encore grâce à la pêche et à l'agriculture.
C2 noun /sfɪˈrɒmɪtər/

spherometer

sphéromètre
Meaning
An instrument used for measuring the curvature of spherical surfaces.
Example
The scientist used a spherometer to measure the lens curvature.
Le scientifique a utilisé un sphéromètre pour mesurer la courbure de la lentille.
C2 adjective /ˌseɪpiˈɛnʃəl/

sapiential

relatif à la sagesse
Meaning
Relating to wisdom or knowledge, often in a religious or philosophical sense.
Example
The monk shared sapiential teachings with his students.
Le moine a partagé des enseignements relatifs à la sagesse avec ses étudiants.
B2 noun /səˈraʊn.dɪŋz/

surroundings

environnement
Meaning
The area around a person, place, or thing.
Example
She quickly adapted to her new surroundings.
Elle s'est rapidement adaptée à son nouvel environnement.
C2 noun /ˈseɪnjər/

seignior

seigneur féodal
Meaning
A feudal lord; a man of authority in medieval Europe.
Example
The seignior demanded taxes from the peasants.
Le seigneur féodal a exigé des taxes des paysans.
C1 noun/verb /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

skirmish

escarmouche
Meaning
a small or brief fight between groups of soldiers; to engage in such a fight
Example
The soldiers got into a skirmish near the border.
Les soldats se sont engagés dans une escarmouche près de la frontière.
C2 noun /ˌsɪɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

signification

signification
Meaning
the meaning or sense conveyed by a word, action, or symbol
Example
The signification of the gesture was misunderstood.
La signification du geste a été mal comprise.
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

cabane
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
Le pêcheur vivait dans une petite cabane près de la plage.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪnjuːi/

sinewy

musclé et fort
Meaning
Lean and muscular; strong and tough.
Example
The athlete had a sinewy build that showed his strength.
L'athlète avait une silhouette musclée qui montrait sa force.
B2 noun /ˈʃɔːr.tɪdʒ/

Shortage

pénurie
Meaning
a lack or deficiency of something that is needed or expected
Example
There is a severe water shortage in the region.
Il y a une grave pénurie d'eau dans la région.
C1 adjective /ˈsted.fæst/

Steadfast

ferme; déterminé; inébranlable
Meaning
firm in belief, determination, or adherence; unwavering
Example
She remained steadfast in her commitment to helping the poor.
Elle est restée ferme dans son engagement à aider les pauvres.
C1 verb ˈsɪn.ɚ.dʒaɪz

synergize

synergiser, combiner de manière à améliorer l'efficacité.
Meaning
combine in such a way as to enhance effectiveness.
Example
The departments must synergize to improve efficiency.
Les départements doivent synergie pour améliorer l'efficacité.
B1 verb /ʃaʊt/

shout

crier
Meaning
to say something very loudly
Example
He shouted at the top of his lungs to get their attention.
Il a crié aussi fort qu'il le pouvait pour attirer leur attention.
A2 adverb /ˈsɪm.pli/

Simply

simplement; juste;
Meaning
in a clear and easy way; merely; just
Example
I simply wanted to help you with your homework.
Je voulais simplement t'aider avec ton devoir.
B1 verb /skriːm/

scream

crier
Meaning
to make a loud, high-pitched sound, usually because of fear, pain, or excitement
Example
She screamed when she saw the spider.
Elle a crié quand elle a vu l'araignée.
B2 adjective /səkˈsɛsɪv/

Successive

successif; consécutif
Meaning
following one after the other in order; consecutive
Example
The team won three successive matches.
L'équipe a gagné trois matchs consécutifs.
B2 noun ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋz

shortcomings

lacunes
Meaning
A fault or failure to meet a certain standard; deficiencies.
Example
Institutional shortcomings affect student behavior negatively.
Les lacunes institutionnelles affectent négativement le comportement des étudiants.
B1 noun səˈluː.ʃənz

solutions

solutions
Meaning
A means of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation.
Example
Biotechnology provides solutions to environmental challenges.
La biotechnologie fournit des solutions aux défis environnementaux.
C2 adjective /ˈsɒmnələnt/

somnolent

somnolent
Meaning
Sleepy or drowsy; causing a desire to sleep.
Example
The somnolent lecture made half the class fall asleep.
Le cours somnolent a fait dormir la moitié de la classe.
B1 noun /ˈsɛkʃən/

section

section
Meaning
a distinct part or subdivision of something larger
Example
This section of the report needs further review.
Cette section du rapport nécessite un examen plus approfondi.