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A1 verb /seɪ/

say

dire
Meaning
to speak words; to express something in words
Example
She said hello to me.
Elle m'a dit bonjour.
B1 adjective /ˈsʌm.wʌt/

Somewhat

quelque peu; légèrement; modérément
Meaning
to some extent; rather; moderately
Example
The movie was somewhat interesting but not great.
Le film était quelque peu intéressant, mais pas génial.
C2 noun/verb /ɡraʊtʃ/

grouch

râleur
Meaning
a person who complains a lot or to complain in a grumpy way
Example
He is such a grouch in the morning before coffee.
Il est toujours de mauvaise humeur avant le café.
C1 verb /ˈsʌkɪŋ/

sucking

sucer
Meaning
Drawing in a liquid, air, or other substance through the mouth or a tube by creating a vacuum; also used figuratively for something unpleasant or ineffective
Example
The baby is sucking on a pacifier.
Le bébé suce une tétine.
C1 noun /brɔːl/

brawl

bagarre
Meaning
a noisy fight in a public place
Example
A brawl broke out outside the bar late at night.
Une bagarre a éclaté dehors du bar tard dans la nuit.
B2 verb /straɪv/

strive

s'efforcer
Meaning
To make great efforts to achieve or obtain something.
Example
She strives to be the best student in her class.
Elle s'efforce d'être la meilleure élève de sa classe.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪdəˈlɑːtrɪəs/

idolatrious

idolâtre
Meaning
Excessively devoted or reverent towards idols or false gods.
Example
The ancient tribe was known for its idolatrious practices.
La tribu ancienne était connue pour ses pratiques idolâtres.
C1 noun /ˈpɪnəkəl/

pinnacle

sommet
Meaning
the highest point or peak of something, especially of success or achievement
Example
Winning the Nobel Prize was the pinnacle of her career.
Gagner le prix Nobel a été le pinacle de sa carrière.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpjuː.t̬ɪd/

Reputed

réputé; célèbre
Meaning
generally said or believed to be; having a particular reputation
Example
He is reputed to be one of the best doctors in the country.
Il est réputé être l'un des meilleurs médecins du pays.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɪb.ər/

gibber

parler de manière incompréhensible
Meaning
To speak rapidly and unintelligibly, typically through fear or shock.
Example
The frightened man began to gibber when he saw the ghost.
L'homme effrayé a commencé à parler de manière incompréhensible lorsqu'il a vu le fantôme.
C1 verb /riːl/

reel

trébucher / enrouler
Meaning
to lose balance and stagger; to wind or spin something onto a reel
Example
He reeled backward after being punched.
Il a trébuché en arrière après avoir été frappé.
C2 verb /ˈæktʃueɪt/

actuate

activer
Meaning
to put into action or motion; to motivate or activate
Example
The engineer actuated the machine with a simple switch.
L'ingénieur a activé la machine avec un simple interrupteur.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

divers
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
Le magasin vend des fruits, des vêtements et divers articles.
C2 noun /ɡreɪˈdeɪʃən/

gradation

gradation
Meaning
A gradual change from one stage, tone, or degree to another.
Example
The artist used subtle gradation of colors in her painting.
L'artiste a utilisé une gradation subtile des couleurs dans sa peinture.
C1 noun /ˈmɔːrtər/

mortar

mélange pour lier les briques / petit canon
Meaning
a mixture used in building to bond bricks or stones together; also, a small cannon for firing shells
Example
The workers applied mortar between the bricks.
Les travailleurs ont appliqué du mortier entre les briques.
B2 noun /ˈtrɪl.jən/

trillion

trillion
Meaning
a number equal to 1,000 billion, or 10^12
Example
The company's worth has risen to over a trillion dollars.
La valeur de l'entreprise a augmenté à plus d'un trillion de dollars.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

impunity

impunité
Meaning
freedom from punishment or harmful consequences for an action
Example
The dictator ruled with impunity, ignoring international laws.
Le dictateur a régné en toute impunité, ignorant les lois internationales.
C1 noun /woʊz/

woes

soucis
Meaning
great sorrow or distress; troubles
Example
The company faced financial woes after the market crash.
L'entreprise a fait face à des difficultés financières après l'effondrement du marché.
C2 noun /ˌnɛɡlɪˈʒeɪ/

negligee

peignoir léger en soie
Meaning
A woman's light dressing gown, often made of thin or silky material.
Example
She wore a silk negligee before going to bed.
Elle portait un peignoir en soie avant de se coucher.
C1 verb /ˈkrʌmpəl/

crumple

froisser
Meaning
to crush something into folds or wrinkles
Example
He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin.
Il a froissé le papier et l'a jeté dans la poubelle.
C1 adjective /əˈblaɪdʒɪŋ/

obliging

serviable
Meaning
Willing to help or do favors; accommodating.
Example
The staff at the hotel were very obliging and friendly.
Le personnel de l'hôtel était très serviable et amical.
B2 noun /ˈdjuːəʊ/

duo

duo
Meaning
a pair of people or things, especially in music or entertainment
Example
The musical duo performed their latest hit at the concert.
Le duo musical a interprété son dernier succès lors du concert.
C2 noun /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛəriənɪzəm/

utilitarianism

utilitarisme
Meaning
The ethical theory that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of the majority.
Example
Utilitarianism suggests that we should act to maximize overall happiness.
L'utilitarisme suggère que nous devrions agir pour maximiser le bonheur global.
B2 noun /ˌsɛlf rɪˈspɛkt/

self-respect

estime de soi
Meaning
A feeling of pride and confidence in oneself; self-worth.
Example
She refused to compromise her self-respect by accepting unfair treatment.
Elle a refusé de compromettre son estime de soi en acceptant un traitement injuste.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪstrəfi/

antistrophe

antistrophé (un dispositif rhétorique)
Meaning
A rhetorical device in which a word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive clauses; in Greek choral poetry, the part of the ode sung by the chorus in return movement.
Example
The poet used antistrophe to emphasize the repeated phrase.
Le poète a utilisé l'antistrophé pour souligner la phrase répétée.
B2 adjective /əˈkjuːt/

acute

aigu
Meaning
present or experienced to a severe or intense degree; having sharp perception
Example
The patient suffered from acute pain after the surgery.
Le patient a souffert d'une douleur aiguë après l'opération.
B2 noun /əˈdʒʌstmənt/

adjustment

ajustement
Meaning
a small change made to improve something or make it work better
Example
The doctor made an adjustment to the patient’s medication.
Le docteur a fait un ajustement au médicament du patient.
B1 noun /əˈnaʊnsmənt/

announcement

annonce
Meaning
a public or formal statement giving information
Example
The principal made an important announcement about the new schedule.
Le directeur a fait une annonce importante concernant le nouveau programme.
C1 noun /ˈlɔː.meɪ.kər/

Lawmaker

législateur
Meaning
a person who writes and passes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The lawmakers voted on the new education bill.
Les législateurs ont voté sur le nouveau projet de loi sur l'éducation.
A2 noun /ˈtɛlɪfəʊn/

telephone

téléphone
Meaning
a system for transmitting voices over a distance using wire or radio, typically for communication.
Example
I need to make a telephone call to my friend.
J'ai besoin de passer un appel téléphonique à mon ami.
C1 noun nɪˈmɒnɪks

mnemonics

technique mnémotechnique, aide-mémoire
Meaning
A technique to aid memory; a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations
Example
Mnemonics help in remembering complex concepts easily.
Les mnémoniques aident à se souvenir des concepts complexes facilement.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːr.kjə.paɪn/

Porcupine

Porc-épic
Meaning
a large rodent with defensive spines or quills on its body
Example
The porcupine raised its quills when threatened.
Le porc-épic a levé ses piquants lorsqu'il a été menacé.
B1 noun /sʌm/

sum

somme
Meaning
the total amount resulting from the addition of two or more numbers or items
Example
The sum of 8 and 12 is 20.
La somme de 8 et 12 est 20.
C1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.rəl.səm/

Quarrelsome

querelleur; conflictuel; bagarreur
Meaning
given to arguing and fighting; argumentative and confrontational
Example
His quarrelsome nature makes it difficult to work with him.
Sa nature querelleuse rend difficile de travailler avec lui.
A2 preposition /tɪl/

till

jusqu'à
Meaning
up to the time of; until
Example
She waited till midnight for his call.
Elle a attendu jusqu'à minuit pour son appel.
C2 adjective /fəˈsiːʃəs/

facetious

moqueur
Meaning
Treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor
Example
He was being facetious when he said he wanted to live on the moon.
Il était moqueur quand il a dit qu'il voulait vivre sur la lune.
B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

courtoisie; politesse;
Meaning
the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark
Example
He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.
Il a montré une grande courtoisie en tenant la porte ouverte pour les personnes âgées.
C2 noun /ˌɛksɪˈɡjuːɪti/

exiguity

insuffisance
Meaning
the quality of being scanty or meager in amount
Example
The exiguity of resources made the project difficult to complete.
L'insuffisance des ressources a rendu le projet difficile à terminer.
B2 adjective /ˈæbsəluːt/

absolute

absolu
Meaning
total, complete, or without restriction
Example
The dictator had absolute power over the nation.
Le dictateur avait un pouvoir absolu sur la nation.
C1 noun /əˈbɪs/

abyss

abîme
Meaning
a deep, immeasurable space, chasm, or void; something seemingly without end
Example
The climbers looked down into the dark abyss below.
Les grimpeurs ont regardé dans l'abîme sombre en dessous.
C1 verb /kəmˈprɛs/

compress

compresser
Meaning
to press or squeeze something so that it becomes smaller
Example
The file was compressed to save storage space.
Le fichier a été compressé pour économiser de l'espace de stockage.
A1 pronoun /hiː/

he

il (masculin)
Meaning
used to refer to a male person or animal already mentioned or easily identified
Example
He is my best friend.
Il est mon meilleur ami.
C1 verb /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/

culminate

culminer
Meaning
To reach the final or climactic stage of a process or activity.
Example
Years of hard work culminated in his success.
Des années de travail acharné ont culminé en son succès.
C2 noun /ɪˈnænɪti/

inanity

ineptie, absurdité
Meaning
a nonsensical remark or action; silliness; emptiness
Example
The speech was full of inanities that bored the audience.
Le discours était rempli d'inepties qui ennuyaient le public.
C2 noun /kænˈtɑː.tə/

cantata

cantate
Meaning
A vocal composition with instrumental accompaniment, typically in several movements, often involving a choir.
Example
The choir performed a beautiful cantata during the festival.
Le chœur a interprété une belle cantate pendant le festival.
B2 verb /swel/

swell

gonfler
Meaning
to become larger, rounder, or thicker; to increase in size
Example
Her ankle began to swell after the injury.
Sa cheville a commencé à enfler après la blessure.
B2 verb /fraʊn/

frown

froncer les sourcils
Meaning
to wrinkle one's brow in displeasure or concentration
Example
She frowned when she heard the bad news.
Elle fronça les sourcils lorsqu'elle entendit la mauvaise nouvelle.
C2 noun /ˈfɜːrnəri/

fernery

fernière, endroit où les fougères sont cultivées
Meaning
a place or greenhouse where ferns are cultivated
Example
The garden's fernery was full of exotic plants.
La ferniére du jardin était pleine de plantes exotiques.
C1 noun ˈnuːkliəs

nucleus

noyau
Meaning
The central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Example
The nucleus consists of protons.
Le noyau est constitué de protons.
C1 verb, noun /ɡɔːrdʒ/

gorge

manger avidement / vallée étroite entre les montagnes
Meaning
to eat greedily; a narrow valley between mountains or hills
Example
They gorged themselves on pizza after the hike.
Ils se sont gavés de pizza après la randonnée.
C1 adjective /flæmˈbɔɪənt/

flamboyant

flamboyant, coloré ou confiant
Meaning
showy, strikingly bold or colorful; confident and lively
Example
His flamboyant style drew everyone's attention at the party.
Son style flamboyant a attiré l'attention de tout le monde à la fête.
C1 noun /moʊt/

moat

fosse
Meaning
A deep, wide ditch surrounding a castle or town, often filled with water, for defense.
Example
The castle was protected by a wide moat filled with water.
Le château était protégé par un large fossé rempli d'eau.
B1 adjective /ˈdɪstənt/

Distant

lointain
Meaning
far away in space or time; remote
Example
We could see a distant mountain on the horizon.
Nous pouvions voir une montagne lointaine à l'horizon.
B2 verb /tʌk/

tuck

replier
Meaning
to push or fold something neatly into a particular place
Example
She tucked the blanket around the baby to keep him warm.
Elle a replié la couverture autour du bébé pour le garder au chaud.
A1 noun /ˈdɒktər/

doctor

médecin
Meaning
A qualified medical professional who treats illnesses and injuries.
Example
The doctor prescribed medicine for the patient.
Le médecin a prescrit des médicaments pour le patient.
B2 noun pəˈluː.tənts

pollutants

polluants
Meaning
A substance that pollutes or contaminates the environment.
Example
Pollutants contribute to environmental degradation.
Les polluants contribuent à la dégradation de l'environnement.
B2 noun ədˈvɑːns.mənt

advancement

avancement
Meaning
The process of promoting or moving forward; development or improvement in a particular area.
Example
Technological advancement shapes the future.
Les avancées technologiques façonnent l'avenir.
C1 noun /ˈtʌɡboʊt/

tugboat

remorqueur
Meaning
a small, powerful boat used for towing or pushing ships
Example
The tugboat guided the massive ship safely into the harbor.
Le remorqueur a guidé le grand navire en toute sécurité dans le port.
C1 noun /ˈmɜːrdʒər/

merger

fusion
Meaning
The combination of two or more companies into a single entity.
Example
The merger of the two firms created the largest bank in the region.
La fusion des deux entreprises a créé la plus grande banque de la région.
C1 noun /ˈtæntrəm/

tantrum

colère
Meaning
An uncontrolled outburst of anger and frustration, typically in a young child.
Example
The child threw a tantrum when he didn’t get the toy.
L'enfant a eu une colère quand il n'a pas eu le jouet.
C2 noun /pʌntʃ ˈfoʊrən/

Panch Phoron

panch phoron
Meaning
a Bengali spice blend containing five whole spices: cumin, fennel, fenugreek, nigella, and mustard seeds
Example
The aroma filled the kitchen when she heated panch phoron in oil.
L'arôme a rempli la cuisine lorsqu'elle a chauffé le panch phoron dans de l'huile.
C1 noun /dɪsˈɒn.ər/

Dishonour

honte
Meaning
a state of shame or disgrace; lack of honor or integrity; failure to fulfill obligations
Example
Breaking his promise brought dishonour to his name and family legacy.
Rompre sa promesse a apporté la honte à son nom et à l'héritage de sa famille.
B2 noun /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

suffering

souffrance
Meaning
the state of undergoing pain, distress, or hardship
Example
They tried to relieve his suffering with medicine.
Ils ont essayé de soulager sa souffrance avec des médicaments.
C2 noun /ˈɪntəˌkrɒpɪŋ/

intercropping

cultures intercalaires
Meaning
The agricultural practice of cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field to maximize land use efficiency and improve soil health.
Example
Intercropping can help improve soil fertility and pest control.
Les cultures intercalaires peuvent aider à améliorer la fertilité du sol et à contrôler les ravageurs.
C1 noun /dʒɛˈsteɪʃən/

gestation

gestation
Meaning
the process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth; the development of an idea or plan
Example
The gestation period of an elephant is nearly two years.
La période de gestation d'un éléphant dure près de deux ans.
C2 noun /ˈɡɜːrn.zi/

Guernsey

pull-over
Meaning
a knitted sweater; a type of woolen pullover
Example
He wore a warm guernsey during the cold winter evening.
Il portait un pull chaud lors de la froide soirée d'hiver.
C2 noun /blæk ˈkɑːr.də.məm/

Black Cardamom

cardamome noir
Meaning
a large aromatic spice pod with a smoky flavor, commonly used in Indian and Middle Eastern cooking
Example
Add black cardamom to the curry for a rich, smoky flavor.
Ajoutez du cardamome noir au curry pour une saveur riche et fumée.
B2 adjective /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/

implicit

implicite
Meaning
Suggested or understood without being directly stated.
Example
Her trust in him was implicit.
Sa confiance en lui était implicite.
A2 noun /ˈæk.sɪ.dənt/

accident

accident
Meaning
An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally.
Example
Safety measures aim to prevent accidents.
Les mesures de sécurité visent à prévenir les accidents.
C1 adjective /ˈpɛnɪtənt/

penitent

pénitent
Meaning
Feeling or showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
She was penitent after shouting at her friend.
Elle était pénitente après avoir crié sur son amie.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrpɪtreɪtər/

perpetrator

délinquant
Meaning
a person who commits a harmful, illegal, or immoral act
Example
The police arrested the perpetrator of the crime.
La police a arrêté le délinquant du crime.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪfɒn/

antiphon

antienne
Meaning
a short chant or verse sung responsively in Christian worship, typically sung before or after a psalm or canticle
Example
The choir sang the antiphon before beginning the main hymn.
Le chœur a chanté l'antienne avant de commencer l'hymne principal.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/

intriguing

très intéressant et inhabituel ; éveillant la curiosité
Meaning
very interesting and unusual; arousing curiosity
Example
The movie has an intriguing plot that keeps the audience hooked.
Le film a un scénario intrigant qui captive le public.
B2 noun helθ ˈhæzərdz

health hazards

risques pour la santé
Meaning
Risks or dangers to physical health and well-being that can cause illness or injury.
Example
Plastic usage leads to significant health hazards.
L'utilisation du plastique entraîne des risques de santé importants.
B1 noun /ˈbɜː.nɪŋ/

burning

brûler
Meaning
The process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (typically) smoke.
Example
Burning garbage exacerbates air pollution.
Brûler des ordures aggrave la pollution de l'air.
B2 noun /ˈvæljuː ˌprɒpəˈzɪʃən/

value proposition

une déclaration qui explique les avantages uniques ou la valeur qu'un produit ou service offre aux clients
Meaning
A statement that explains the unique benefits or value that a product or service offers to customers.
Example
A clear value proposition attracts more customers.
Une proposition de valeur claire attire plus de clients.
B2 adjective /əbˈsɜːrd/

absurd

absurde, irrationnel
Meaning
wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate
Example
It is absurd to think that the earth is flat.
Il est absurde de penser que la Terre est plate.
B2 noun /brɑːnz/

bronze

bronze
Meaning
a metal made by combining copper and tin, often used for statues and medals
Example
The statue was made of solid bronze.
La statue était faite de bronze solide.
C2 noun /məˈdɒn.ə/

madonna

madonna (Vierge Marie)
Meaning
An artistic representation of the Virgin Mary; also used as a respectful form of address for a woman in Italian culture.
Example
The Renaissance painting depicts a Madonna holding child Jesus.
La peinture de la Renaissance dépeint une Madonna tenant l'enfant Jésus.
B2 noun /ˌren.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

Renovation

rénovation; restauration
Meaning
the act of renovating; restoration to a former better state
Example
The old house underwent a complete renovation last year.
La vieille maison a subi une rénovation complète l'année dernière.
C2 noun /meɪndʒ/

mange

gale
Meaning
a skin disease in animals caused by parasitic mites, leading to hair loss and sores
Example
The stray dog was suffering from mange.
Le chien errant souffrait de gale.
B1 noun /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/

encouragement

encouragement
Meaning
the action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope
Example
Her encouragement helped me finish the project.
Son encouragement m'a aidé à finir le projet.
C2 noun /ˌdɛkləˈmeɪʃən/

declamation

déclamation
Meaning
a formal speech delivered with rhetorical or dramatic effect
Example
Her declamation captivated the audience at the competition.
Sa déclamation a captivé le public lors de la compétition.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.pi.ˌɛr.i/

apiary

ruche
Meaning
A place where beehives are kept, especially for commercial purposes.
Example
The farmer built a new apiary to produce organic honey.
L'agriculteur a construit une nouvelle ruche pour produire du miel biologique.
C1 noun ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈstrʌktʃər

geological structure

structure géologique
Meaning
The arrangement and composition of rocks, minerals, and landforms in the Earth's crust.
Example
Scientists will study the Moon's geological structure.
Les scientifiques étudieront la structure géologique de la lune.
A1 noun /ˈdʒænjuˌɛri/

january

janvier
Meaning
the first month of the year in the Gregorian calendar
Example
January is often the coldest month of the year.
Janvier est souvent le mois le plus froid.
B2 noun /slɒt/

slot

fente
Meaning
a narrow opening into which something fits or is placed
Example
Insert the card into the slot to open the door.
Insérez la carte dans la fente pour ouvrir la porte.
B2 noun /ˈseɡ.mənt/

Segment

section; portion; segment
Meaning
each of the parts into which something is divided; a section or portion
Example
The orange was divided into eight segments.
L'orange a été divisée en huit segments.
B1 noun /ˈvɜːr.ʒən/

Version

version; forme; récit
Meaning
a particular form or variation of something; an account of an event
Example
This is the latest version of the software.
C'est la dernière version du logiciel.
B2 adjective /ˈlɪtərɛri/

literary

littéraire
Meaning
concerning the writing, study, or content of literature
Example
She is a well-known figure in the literary world.
Elle est une figure bien connue dans le monde littéraire.
C2 noun /ˌdʒʊərɪsˈpruːdəns/

jurisprudence

jurisprudence
Meaning
The theory, philosophy, or science of law.
Example
She is a professor of jurisprudence at the university.
Elle est professeure de jurisprudence à l'université.
C2 adjective /ˈɪmənənt/

immanent

immanent
Meaning
existing or operating within; inherent
Example
He believed that moral values are immanent in human nature.
Il croyait que les valeurs morales sont immanentes dans la nature humaine.
B2 verb /wɪðˈstænd/

withstand

résister / supporter
Meaning
to resist or endure something without being harmed
Example
This building can withstand strong earthquakes.
Ce bâtiment peut résister à de forts tremblements de terre.
B1 noun /koʊm/

Comb

peigne
Meaning
a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair
Example
She used a comb to style her hair before the party.
Elle a utilisé un peigne pour coiffer ses cheveux avant la fête.
C1 adjective ˈdɪs.pər.ət

disparate

disparate
Meaning
containing elements very different from one another.
Example
Their opinions were disparate, leading to debates.
Leurs opinions étaient disparates, ce qui a conduit à des débats.
B2 verb, noun /ˈkɒntɛst/

contest

contester, défier
Meaning
verb: to compete or challenge; noun: a competition or dispute
Example
She decided to contest the election against the incumbent.
Elle a décidé de contester les élections contre le titulaire.
A2 noun /ˈɪn.sekt/

Insect

insecte
Meaning
a small invertebrate animal with six legs and usually one or two pairs of wings
Example
The butterfly is a beautiful insect that flies from flower to flower.
Le papillon est un bel insecte qui vole de fleur en fleur.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

eaux usées ou polluées
Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
Les effluents des usines contaminent les rivières et les lacs voisins.
C2 adjective /ˈpeɪli/

paly

rayé
Meaning
striped with different colors, usually used in heraldry
Example
The knight’s shield was decorated with paly stripes of red and gold.
Le bouclier du chevalier était décoré de rayures rayées rouges et dorées.
B2 noun /ˈʃepərd/

Shepherd

berger
Meaning
a person who tends and guards sheep
Example
The shepherd guided his flock to the green pasture.
Le berger guida son troupeau vers le pâturage vert.
C1 noun /ˈɔːrθədɑːksi/

orthodoxy

orthodoxie
Meaning
traditional or generally accepted beliefs and practices
Example
The religious leader defended the orthodoxy of the faith.
Le leader religieux a défendu l'orthodoxie de la foi.
C2 adjective ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs

surreptitious

secret
Meaning
Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of; done stealthily.
Example
She took a surreptitious glance at his notes.
Elle jeta un regard furtif sur ses notes.
A2 noun /ˈseɪf.ti/

Safety

sécurité
Meaning
condition of being protected from danger, risk, or injury
Example
The company prioritizes workplace safety above all else.
L'entreprise privilégie la sécurité au travail avant tout.
C1 noun /ˈdɪm.pəl/

Dimple

fossette
Meaning
a small depression in the flesh, either one that exists permanently or one that forms when smiling
Example
Her charming dimples appeared whenever she smiled at the children.
Ses adorables fossettes apparaissaient chaque fois qu'elle souriait aux enfants.
B1 verb, noun, adjective /ˈmeltɪŋ/

melting

fusion
Meaning
the process of changing from solid to liquid due to heat; becoming softer or less rigid; emotionally moving or tender
Example
The ice is melting quickly under the hot sun.
La glace fond rapidement sous le soleil brûlant.
B2 noun /ˈfaɪbər/

fiber

fibre
Meaning
a thread or filament from which a textile is formed; dietary substance from plants that aids digestion
Example
Fruits and vegetables are high in fiber.
Les fruits et légumes sont riches en fibres.
C2 noun /ˈflɛkʃən/

flection

flexion
Meaning
The act of bending or the state of being bent, especially of a limb or joint.
Example
The doctor tested the patient's knee flection during the examination.
Le médecin a testé la flexion du genou du patient lors de l'examen.
B2 noun /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/

continuity

continuité
Meaning
the state of being continuous or connected; consistency over time
Example
Maintaining continuity in leadership is essential for organizational stability.
Maintenir la continuité dans le leadership est essentiel pour la stabilité organisationnelle.
B2 noun /ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃər/

expenditure

dépense
Meaning
The action of spending funds; an amount of money spent.
Example
Managing expenditure is critical for budgeting.
Gérer les dépenses est essentiel pour établir un budget.
C1 adjective /ˈbær.ən/

Barren

stérile; aride; désert; improductif
Meaning
sterile; unable to produce; desolate; unproductive
Example
The barren desert stretched for miles without any vegetation.
Le désert stérile s'étendait sur des kilomètres sans aucune végétation.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/

infinitesimal

infinitésimal
Meaning
Extremely small in size or amount; so tiny as to be almost negligible.
Example
The error was so infinitesimal that it didn’t affect the results.
L'erreur était si infinitésimale qu'elle n'a pas affecté les résultats.
C1 verb /ˈrɪdɪkjuːl/

ridicule

ridiculiser
Meaning
To make fun of someone or something in a cruel or dismissive way.
Example
He was ridiculed for his strange ideas.
Il a été ridiculisé pour ses idées étranges.
B2 adjective /ˈmaɪti/

mighty

puissant
Meaning
having great power or strength; very strong or impressive
Example
The mighty river flows through the heart of the country.
Le fleuve puissant traverse le cœur du pays.
C2 verb /ˈsʌplɪˌkeɪt/

supplicate

supplier
Meaning
To ask for something earnestly or humbly, often in a religious context.
Example
The villagers supplicated the gods for rain during the drought.
Les villageois supplièrent les dieux pour la pluie pendant la sécheresse.
B2 noun /ˈplæn.tɪn/

Plantain

planteur
Meaning
a large green banana-like fruit that is usually cooked before eating
Example
Plantain can be fried, boiled, or baked and is a staple food in many tropical countries.
Le plantain peut être frit, bouilli ou cuit au four, et c'est un aliment de base dans de nombreux pays tropicaux.
C2 noun /ˈæpəˌsteɪt/

apostate

apostat
Meaning
A person who renounces a religious or political belief or principle.
Example
He was labeled an apostate after abandoning the faith of his community.
Il a été étiqueté comme apostat après avoir abandonné la foi de sa communauté.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɒnɪsəns/

reconnaissance

reconnaissance
Meaning
A survey or exploration, especially for military or strategic purposes.
Example
The soldiers conducted a reconnaissance of the enemy camp.
Les soldats ont mené une reconnaissance du camp ennemi.
C2 adjective /ˈviːnəl/

venal

vénal
Meaning
willing to do dishonest things in return for money; corrupt
Example
The politician was accused of being venal and corrupt.
Le politicien a été accusé d'être vénal et corrompu.
B2 noun /ˈmɒtəʊ/

motto

devise
Meaning
A short sentence or phrase that expresses a guiding belief or principle.
Example
Her motto in life is 'never give up.'
Son devise dans la vie est 'ne jamais abandonner.'
C2 adjective /tʃəˈruːbɪk/

cherubic

angélique
Meaning
Innocent, sweet, and angelic, like a cherub.
Example
The baby had a cherubic smile that melted everyone’s heart.
Le bébé avait un sourire angélique qui faisait fondre le cœur de tout le monde.
B1 adjective /ˈkwɑː.lɪ.faɪd/

Qualified

qualifié; certifié
Meaning
having the necessary skills, knowledge, or experience for a particular job or activity; certified
Example
She is a qualified doctor with years of experience.
Elle est une médecin qualifiée avec des années d'expérience.