reconnoiter
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C2 verb /ˌriː.kəˈnɔɪ.tər/

reconnoiter

reconnaître
Meaning
to make a preliminary inspection or survey, especially of an area for military or strategic purposes
Example
The soldiers reconnoitered the area before advancing.
Les soldats ont reconnoîté la zone avant d'avancer.
C1 adjective /ˈstrætɪfaɪd/

stratified

stratifié / stratifiée
Meaning
arranged or classified in layers or strata
Example
Society in the past was highly stratified based on class and wealth.
La société du passé était fortement stratifiée en fonction de la classe et de la richesse.
A2 verb /hɜːrt/

hurt

blesser
Meaning
to cause pain or injury; to feel pain physically or emotionally
Example
My back hurts from sitting too long.
Mon dos me fait mal après être resté assis trop longtemps.
C2 adjective /ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪk/

diabolic

diabolique
Meaning
Extremely evil or cruel; characteristic of the devil.
Example
The villain devised a diabolic scheme.
Le méchant a imaginé un plan diabolique.
B2 noun /ˈrɔɪəlti/

royalty

famille royale / redevance (revenus d'auteur)
Meaning
Members of a royal family or payment made to the owner of a patent, copyright, or natural resource.
Example
The author receives a royalty for every book sold.
L'auteur reçoit une redevance pour chaque livre vendu.
C2 adjective /dɪˈtɜːrmɪnət/

determinate

déterminé
Meaning
having exact and definite limits or form
Example
The contract is for a determinate period of two years.
Le contrat est pour une période déterminée de deux ans.
C1 verb /sərˈmaʊnt/

surmount

surmonter
Meaning
to overcome a difficulty or obstacle
Example
He surmounted all the challenges to achieve his dream.
Il a surmonté tous les défis pour atteindre son rêve.
C2 noun /dæmˈneɪ.ʃən/

Damnation

damnation éternelle; destruction
Meaning
condemnation to eternal punishment in hell; something that causes ruin or failure
Example
The preacher spoke about salvation and damnation in his sermon.
Le prédicateur a parlé du salut et de la damnation dans son sermon.
C2 noun /ˈbreɪziər/

Brazier

ouvrier en laiton
Meaning
a worker in brass; a portable container for burning charcoal or coal
Example
The brazier crafted beautiful brass ornaments.
L'ouvrier en laiton a fabriqué de magnifiques bijoux en laiton.
C2 noun ট্রোপোস্ফিয়ার

troposphere

trophosphère
Meaning
The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather phenomena occur.
Example
The troposphere is where weather phenomena occur.
La troposphère est là où se produisent les phénomènes météorologiques.
C1 noun /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪz.əm/

cynicism

cynisme
Meaning
An inclination to believe that people are motivated purely by self-interest; skepticism.
Example
His cynicism made it hard for him to trust anyone.
Son cynisme lui rendait difficile de faire confiance à quiconque.
C1 adjective /prəˈdɪdʒəs/

prodigious

prodigieux
Meaning
remarkably or impressively great in extent, size, or degree
Example
The team made a prodigious effort to complete the project on time.
L'équipe a fait un effort prodigieux pour terminer le projet à temps.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

criteria

critère
Meaning
Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.
Example
The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.
Les candidats ont été évalués en fonction de critères stricts.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæriət/

Chariot

char de guerre
Meaning
an ancient horse-drawn vehicle used in warfare and racing
Example
The warrior rode his chariot into battle with great courage.
Le guerrier monta son char de guerre avec un grand courage.
C1 adjective /ˈmɔːtəl/

Mortal

mortel; périssable; humain
Meaning
subject to death; having a limited lifespan; human
Example
All human beings are mortal and will eventually die.
Tous les êtres humains sont mortels et mourront éventuellement.
C1 noun /ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ væn/

Luggage van

fourgon à bagages
Meaning
a vehicle designed for carrying luggage and cargo
Example
The luggage van carried all the passengers' suitcases.
Le fourgon à bagages a transporté toutes les valises des passagers.
C1 verb /ˈdæŋɡəl/

dangle

pendre
Meaning
to hang loosely or swing freely
Example
The keys dangled from his belt.
Les clés pendaient de sa ceinture.
C2 adjective /səˈlɪsɪtəs/

solicitous

solliciteux
Meaning
showing concern or care for someone's health, happiness, or comfort
Example
She was always solicitous about the well-being of her students.
Elle était toujours préoccupée par le bien-être de ses étudiants.
C1 noun /ˈliːvˌteɪ.kɪŋ/

leave-taking

adieu
Meaning
an act of saying goodbye; farewell
Example
His leave-taking from his friends was emotional.
Son adieu à ses amis était émotionnel.
C1 noun /pərˈveɪər/

purveyor

fournisseur
Meaning
a person or business that supplies goods, services, or information
Example
He is a well-known purveyor of fine wines.
Il est un fournisseur bien connu de vins fins.
B1 noun /ˈsɛtɪŋ/

setting

décor
Meaning
the environment or place where something happens
Example
The setting of the movie was a beautiful beach.
Le décor du film était une belle plage.
B1 noun /ˈær.əb/

arab

Arabe
Meaning
a person belonging to the Semitic people of the Middle East and North Africa
Example
He is an Arab living in Dubai.
Il est un Arabe vivant à Dubaï.
C1 noun /ˈfɛləni/

felony

crime grave
Meaning
a serious crime, usually punishable by imprisonment for more than one year
Example
He was convicted of a felony and sentenced to ten years in prison.
Il a été reconnu coupable d'un crime grave et condamné à dix ans de prison.
B2 noun /dɪsˈmɪsl̩/

dismissal

licenciement, rejet
Meaning
the act of removing someone from their job; the act of treating something as unimportant
Example
His unfair dismissal led to a lawsuit against the company.
Son licenciement injuste a entraîné une poursuite contre l'entreprise.
C1 noun ɪkˌstræp.əˈleɪ.ʃən

extrapolation

extrapolation
Meaning
The action of estimating or concluding something by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
His extrapolation of market trends helped in financial planning.
Son extrapolation des tendances du marché a aidé à la planification financière.
A2 noun /vəˈkæbjʊləri/

vocabulary

vocabulaire
Meaning
the set of words known and used by a person, group, or language; the words used in a particular field or subject
Example
Reading every day helps improve your vocabulary.
Lire chaque jour aide à améliorer votre vocabulaire.
B2 adverb /ˈlaɪtli/

lightly

légèrement
Meaning
gently or with little force or weight
Example
She touched the baby’s hand lightly.
Elle toucha la main du bébé légèrement.
C1 noun /məˈrɑːl/

Morale

moral; esprit
Meaning
the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group
Example
The team's morale improved after the victory.
La morale de l'équipe s'est améliorée après la victoire.
C2 adjective /ˌɪlˈneɪ.tʃəd/

ill-natured

de mauvaise nature
Meaning
Having a bad or unpleasant character; unkind or malicious.
Example
He made an ill-natured remark about his colleague.
Il a fait une remarque de mauvaise nature à propos de son collègue.
B2 noun /ˌkɑn.trəˈdɪk.ʃən/

Contradiction

contradiction; incohérence
Meaning
a combination of statements, ideas, or features which are opposed to one another; inconsistency
Example
There was a clear contradiction between his words and his actions.
Il y avait une contradiction claire entre ses paroles et ses actions.
C2 adjective /ˌhɛtərəʊˈmɔːrfɪk/

heteromorphic

hétéromorphique
Meaning
Having different forms or shapes, especially in the same species or organism.
Example
Butterflies are heteromorphic during their life cycle, changing forms from larva to adult.
Les papillons sont hétéromorphes pendant leur cycle de vie, changeant de forme de larve à adulte.
C2 noun /ˌɪmprəˈsɑːrioʊ/

impresario

impresario
Meaning
A person who organizes or finances concerts, plays, or operas.
Example
The impresario arranged a series of concerts for the rising star.
L'impresario a organisé une série de concerts pour la star montante.
B1 adjective ɪˈfek.tɪv

effective

efficace
Meaning
Successful in producing a desired or intended result; having the power to influence or produce a result.
Example
Effective policies drive organizational success.
Les politiques efficaces favorisent le succès organisationnel.
C1 noun /ˈvaɪ.pər/

Viper

vipère
Meaning
a venomous snake with large hinged fangs that typically has a thick body and gives birth to live young
Example
The viper coiled up when it sensed danger.
La vipère s'est enroulée lorsqu'elle a ressenti le danger.
C1 noun /ˈɛn.kleɪv/

enclave

enclave
Meaning
a distinct area or group enclosed within a larger one
Example
The city has a small Italian enclave where traditions are preserved.
La ville possède un petit enclave italien où les traditions sont préservées.
B1 verb /əˈkjuːz/

accuse

accuser
Meaning
to charge someone with a crime or wrongdoing
Example
She accused him of stealing her wallet.
Elle l'a accusé d'avoir volé son portefeuille.
B1 noun /ˈtriːtmənt/

Treatment

traitement
Meaning
medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury; the action of treating someone or something
Example
The doctor recommended a new treatment for her condition.
Le médecin a recommandé un nouveau traitement pour sa condition.
C1 verb /rænt/

rant

rager
Meaning
to speak or shout in an angry, uncontrolled way
Example
He ranted about the unfair treatment at work.
Il a crié à propos du traitement injuste au travail.
C2 noun /ˈhænd ˌrɪŋɪŋ/

hand-wringing

inquiétude excessive
Meaning
excessive worry or concern expressed in a visible or dramatic way.
Example
There was much hand-wringing over the political crisis.
Il y avait beaucoup de gestes dramatiques à propos de la crise politique.
C2 noun /ˌvælɪˈdɪkʃən/

valediction

discours d'adieu
Meaning
The act of saying farewell; a formal goodbye.
Example
The professor gave a touching valediction at his retirement ceremony.
Le professeur a prononcé un discours émouvant d'adieu lors de sa cérémonie de retraite.
B2 verb /swel/

swell

gonfler
Meaning
to become larger, rounder, or thicker; to increase in size
Example
Her ankle began to swell after the injury.
Sa cheville a commencé à enfler après la blessure.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɛlɪdʒəbl/

intelligible

intelligible
Meaning
Able to be understood; clear enough to be comprehended.
Example
Her speech was barely intelligible over the noise.
Son discours était à peine intelligible à cause du bruit.
C2 noun /ˈɑːm.lət/

Armlet

bracelet de bras
Meaning
a band worn around the upper arm as an ornament
Example
The traditional dancer wore golden armlets that gleamed in the spotlight.
La danseuse traditionnelle portait des bracelets dorés qui brillaient sous les projecteurs.
B2 noun (plural) /ˈtæk.tɪks/

tactics

stratégies
Meaning
specific methods or actions used to achieve a goal, especially in military or competition
Example
The team changed their tactics to win the game.
L'équipe a changé ses tactiques pour gagner le match.
B2 noun ˈrɛvənuː

revenue

revenus
Meaning
Income, especially when of a company or organization.
Example
The company's revenue grew by 10% this year.
Les revenus de l'entreprise ont augmenté de 10 % cette année.
C1 verb /smɪr/

smear

étaler / diffamer
Meaning
to spread or apply a substance messily; to damage someone's reputation with false or unfair words
Example
The child smeared paint across the wall.
L'enfant a étalé de la peinture sur le mur.
C1 verb /ˈstɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

stipulate

stipuler
Meaning
to demand or specify a condition in an agreement or contract
Example
The contract stipulates that payment must be made within 30 days.
Le contrat stipule que le paiement doit être effectué dans les 30 jours.
B2 noun /ˌriː.əˈʃʊr.əns/

Reassurance

réassurance
Meaning
comfort or confidence given to someone to remove their fears or doubts
Example
She needed reassurance that everything would be okay.
Elle avait besoin de réassurance que tout irait bien.
C1 verb /raɪð/

writhe

se tordre
Meaning
To twist or squirm in pain or discomfort.
Example
He writhed in pain after twisting his ankle.
Il se tordait de douleur après s'être foulé la cheville.
C2 adjective /ˈbɛərˌfeɪst/

barefaced

effronté
Meaning
shameless and undisguised; openly bold or unashamed
Example
He told a barefaced lie in front of everyone.
Il a raconté un mensonge effronté devant tout le monde.
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

corbeau
Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
Le corbeau croassa bruyamment depuis la branche de l'arbre.
A1 noun /ˈdɒktər/

doctor

médecin
Meaning
A qualified medical professional who treats illnesses and injuries.
Example
The doctor prescribed medicine for the patient.
Le médecin a prescrit des médicaments pour le patient.
C1 verb, noun /ˈbrɪsəl/

bristle

poils raides; réagir avec colère
Meaning
to react angrily or defensively; a short stiff hair or fiber
Example
The cat bristled when it saw the dog.
Le chat s'est hérissé quand il a vu le chien.
B2 adjective /ˌmʌl.tiˈpɜː.pəs/

Multipurpose

polyvalent
Meaning
having multiple uses or functions; versatile
Example
This multipurpose tool can be used as a knife, screwdriver, and bottle opener.
Cet outil polyvalent peut être utilisé comme un couteau, un tournevis et un ouvre-bouteille.
B1 noun /weɪl/

Whale

baleine
Meaning
a very large marine mammal with a streamlined hairless body, a horizontal tail fin, and a blowhole on top of the head for breathing
Example
The blue whale is the largest animal ever known to have lived on Earth.
La baleine bleue est le plus grand animal ayant jamais vécu sur Terre.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

importun
Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
Le vendeur importun a continué à appeler malgré les refus répétés.
B2 adjective /ˈvaɪ.brənt/

Vibrant

vibrant; plein de vie; éclatant
Meaning
full of energy and life; bright and striking
Example
The vibrant colors of the sunset painted the sky beautifully.
Les couleurs vibrantes du coucher du soleil ont peint le ciel magnifiquement.
C1 verb /ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

codify

codifier
Meaning
to arrange laws, rules, or ideas into a clear and systematic code
Example
The committee worked to codify the existing laws.
Le comité a travaillé pour codifier les lois existantes.
B2 noun /ˈæl.oʊ ˈvɪər.ə/

Aloe Vera

aloe vera
Meaning
a succulent plant with thick fleshy leaves and medicinal properties; produces tubular flowers
Example
The aloe vera plant blooms with orange or yellow tubular flowers.
La plante d'aloe vera fleurit avec des fleurs tubulaires oranges ou jaunes.
C2 adjective /ˈtrɛntʃənt/

trenchant

tranchant
Meaning
expressed strongly, effectively, and clearly; sharp or cutting in style or expression
Example
Her trenchant criticism of the policy left no room for misunderstanding.
Sa critique tranchante de la politique n'a laissé aucune place à des malentendus.
C2 verb /əˈpraɪz/

apprise

informer
Meaning
to inform or notify someone
Example
The manager will apprise the staff of the new policies.
Le responsable informera le personnel des nouvelles politiques.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːsieɪ/

dossier

dossier
Meaning
A collection of documents about a particular person, event, or subject.
Example
The lawyer presented a dossier of evidence to the court.
L'avocat a présenté un dossier de preuves au tribunal.
C2 noun /əˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

agglomeration

agglomération
Meaning
A mass or collection of things, sometimes clustered together.
Example
The city is an agglomeration of diverse cultures and communities.
La ville est une agglomération de cultures et de communautés diverses.
B2 noun /ˈwɒrənti/

warranty

garantie
Meaning
A written guarantee given by a manufacturer or seller promising to repair or replace a product if necessary within a specified period.
Example
The laptop comes with a two-year warranty.
L'ordinateur portable vient avec une garantie de deux ans.
B2 noun ˈsəʊ.lər ˈen.ə.dʒi

solar energy

énergie solaire
Meaning
Energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.
Example
Solar energy is vital for reducing carbon emissions.
L'énergie solaire est vitale pour réduire les émissions de carbone.
A2 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/

Popular

populaire
Meaning
liked or admired by many people; well-known and widely accepted
Example
This restaurant is very popular among young people.
Ce restaurant est très populaire parmi les jeunes.
A2 verb /əkˈsɛpt/

accept

accepter
Meaning
to receive willingly; to believe or come to recognize
Example
She decided to accept the job offer.
Elle a décidé d'accepter l'offre d'emploi.
B2 verb /suː/

sue

poursuivre
Meaning
to bring a lawsuit against someone in a court of law
Example
She decided to sue the company for damages.
Elle a décidé de poursuivre l'entreprise en justice pour dommages.
C2 adjective /ˈdaʊti/

doughty

courageux
Meaning
brave, valiant, courageous
Example
The doughty soldier never backed down from a challenge.
Le soldat courageux n'a jamais reculé face à un défi.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈplækəbl/

implacable

implacable
Meaning
unable to be appeased, calmed, or pacified
Example
The soldiers faced an implacable enemy who refused to surrender.
Les soldats ont affronté un ennemi implacable qui a refusé de se rendre.
B2 verb /ˈmɒdənaɪz/

modernize

moderniser
Meaning
To adapt something to modern needs or styles; to update or improve.
Example
The company plans to modernize its IT infrastructure.
L'entreprise prévoit de moderniser son infrastructure informatique.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

entourer
Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
Les manifestants ont entouré le bâtiment dans une chaîne humaine.
A1 verb (past participle of 'bear'), adjective /bɔːrn/

born

né
Meaning
To come into life; brought into existence.
Example
He was born in Dhaka in 1995.
Il est né à Dhaka en 1995.
B2 noun /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

autobiography

autobiographie
Meaning
An account of a person's life written by that person.
Example
She published an autobiography about her journey to success.
Elle a publié une autobiographie sur son parcours vers le succès.
B2 verb /ˈbraɪtən/

brighten

illuminer
Meaning
to make something lighter or more colorful; to improve mood or make happier
Example
A few kind words can brighten someone's day.
Quelques mots gentils peuvent illuminer la journée de quelqu'un.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈhɪntərlændz/

hinterlands

zones reculées
Meaning
Plural of hinterland; remote or less developed regions.
Example
Explorers traveled deep into the hinterlands of the country.
Les explorateurs ont voyagé profondément dans les zones reculées du pays.
C2 adjective /aɪˈdɒlətrəs/

idolatrous

idolatrique
Meaning
Excessively admiring or worshipping someone or something as an idol.
Example
The king was criticized for his idolatrous devotion to wealth.
Le roi a été critiqué pour sa dévotion idolâtrique à la richesse.
B2 noun /ˌsɛkʃuˈæləti/

sexuality

sexualité
Meaning
a person's capacity for sexual feelings and orientation
Example
She spoke openly about her sexuality and identity.
Elle a parlé ouvertement de sa sexualité et de son identité.
C1 verb /ˌaʊtˈstrɪp/

outstrip

dépasser
Meaning
To go faster or do better than someone or something; to surpass.
Example
The company outstripped its competitors in sales last year.
L'entreprise a dépassé ses concurrents en ventes l'année dernière.
C1 noun /mɪˈlɪʃə/

militia

milice
Meaning
a group of ordinary people who are trained to act as soldiers in emergencies
Example
The village formed a militia to defend against attacks.
Le village a formé une milice pour se défendre contre les attaques.
B2 noun /səˈspɪʃən/

Suspicion

suspicion
Meaning
a feeling or thought that someone is guilty of an illegal or dishonest activity
Example
The police arrested him on suspicion of theft.
La police l'a arrêté sous suspicion de vol.
C2 adjective /ˈfuːlˌhɑːrdi/

foolhardy

audacieux imprudent
Meaning
Recklessly bold or rash; taking foolish risks.
Example
It was foolhardy of him to climb the mountain without proper gear.
C'était audacieux de sa part de gravir la montagne sans l'équipement approprié.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈsmoʊ.kɪŋ/

smoking

fumer
Meaning
The act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or other substances; wearing a tuxedo (adjective, formal context).
Example
Smoking is prohibited inside the building.
Il est interdit de fumer à l'intérieur du bâtiment.
B2 noun /ɪnˈventər/

inventor

inventeur
Meaning
a person who creates or designs something new, especially a device, method, or process
Example
The inventor patented her new medical device.
L’inventeur a breveté son nouveau dispositif médical.
C1 verb, noun /mɛʃ/

mesh

maille, entrelacer
Meaning
To fit or work together properly; or a material made of interlaced threads.
Example
The two gears mesh perfectly to keep the machine running smoothly.
Les deux engrenages s'emboîtent parfaitement pour faire fonctionner la machine en douceur.
A1 adjective /hɑːrd/

hard

dur
Meaning
solid, firm, or difficult to do or endure
Example
The exam was very hard for most students.
L'examen était très difficile pour la plupart des étudiants.
C2 noun (plural) /ˌmæk.ɪˈneɪ.ʃənz/

machinations

machinations
Meaning
complicated and secret plans, often intended to cause harm
Example
The politician was brought down by his own machinations.
Le politicien a été abattu par ses propres machinations.
C1 verb /ɡliːn/

glean

récolter
Meaning
to collect or gather slowly and bit by bit, especially information or crops left after harvest
Example
The journalist gleaned facts from several sources.
Le journaliste a recueilli des faits provenant de plusieurs sources.
B1 noun /pɑːrˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

participation

participation
Meaning
the action of taking part in something
Example
Her participation in the competition was commendable.
Sa participation au concours était remarquable.
C2 adjective /ˈmiːliˌmaʊðd/

mealymouthed

parler de manière évasive
Meaning
not willing to speak directly and honestly; evasive in speech
Example
The politician gave a mealymouthed response to the tough question.
Le politicien a donné une réponse évasive à la question difficile.
C1 adjective /ˈdeɪnti/

dainty

délicat et joli
Meaning
Delicately small, pretty, and often considered elegant.
Example
She wore a dainty necklace made of pearls.
Elle portait un collier délicat fait de perles.
C1 noun /ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

darwinism

darwinisme
Meaning
the theory of biological evolution developed by Charles Darwin, emphasizing natural selection
Example
Darwinism revolutionized the way scientists understood the origin of species.
Le darwinisme a révolutionné la façon dont les scientifiques comprenaient l'origine des espèces.
C1 noun /fɑːrs/

farce

farce
Meaning
a comic dramatic work using buffoonery and horseplay, or a ridiculous situation
Example
The meeting turned into a complete farce with everyone arguing.
La réunion est devenue une vraie farce avec tout le monde qui se disputait.
C1 verb /blæntʃ/

blanch

blêmir
Meaning
to turn pale from shock, fear, or to briefly boil food to remove skin or prepare it
Example
She blanched at the sight of blood.
Elle est devenue toute pâle en voyant le sang.
A2 noun ˈmɛdɪsɪn

medicine

médicament
Meaning
A compound or preparation used for the treatment or prevention of disease.
Example
Modern medicine has made great strides in treating diseases.
La médecine moderne a fait de grands progrès dans le traitement des maladies.
C1 verb /pɜːrtʃ/

perch

se poser sur quelque chose de haut ou étroit
Meaning
To sit or rest on something high or narrow.
Example
The bird perched on the fence.
L'oiseau s'est perché sur la clôture.
C2 noun /ˈdɛvɪltrɪ/

deviltry

mauvais tours
Meaning
Cruel or malicious behavior; mischief with an evil aspect.
Example
The villain’s deviltry terrified the townsfolk.
Les mauvais tours du méchant ont terrifié les habitants du village.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪzər/

miser

avare
Meaning
A person who hoards wealth and spends as little money as possible.
Example
The old miser refused to donate even a penny to charity.
Le vieux avare a refusé de donner même un centime à la charité.
C2 verb /ˈʌndərˌraɪt/

underwrite

garantir un soutien financier
Meaning
To guarantee financial support, especially by agreeing to cover losses or risks; in insurance, to assess and accept risks.
Example
The bank agreed to underwrite the company's new bond issue.
La banque a accepté de souscrire à la nouvelle émission d'obligations de l'entreprise.
B2 noun /heə(r)/

Hare

lièvre
Meaning
a fast-running long-eared mammal that resembles a large rabbit
Example
The hare quickly ran across the field.
Le lièvre a couru rapidement à travers le champ.
B1 noun /ˈɝːθ.kweɪk/

earthquake

séisme
Meaning
A sudden and violent shaking of the ground as a result of movements within the earth's crust.
Example
A powerful earthquake struck Japan last night.
Un puissant séisme a frappé le Japon la nuit dernière.
C1 noun /əˌsaɪˈniː/

assignee

personne assignée
Meaning
a person to whom a right or property is legally transferred
Example
The assignee of the contract is responsible for all future obligations.
L'assigné du contrat est responsable de toutes les obligations futures.
A2 preposition/conjunction /ɪkˈsɛpt/

except

sauf
Meaning
not including; other than
Example
Everyone was invited except John.
Tout le monde a été invité sauf John.
C2 noun /ˈɛksplətɪv/

expletive

gros mot
Meaning
a word or phrase used as an exclamation, often offensive or profane
Example
He shouted an expletive when he dropped the hammer on his foot.
Il a crié un gros mot lorsqu'il a laissé tomber le marteau sur son pied.
C1 noun /ˈæntənɪm/

antonym

antonyme
Meaning
A word opposite in meaning to another.
Example
‘Hot’ is the antonym of ‘cold’.
‘Hot’ est l'antonyme de ‘cold’.
C2 verb /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛs/

convalesce

se rétablir, récupérer la santé et la force après une maladie ou un traitement médical
Meaning
to recover health and strength after illness or medical treatment
Example
After the surgery, she spent several weeks convalescing at home.
Après l'opération, elle a passé plusieurs semaines à récupérer chez elle.
B1 noun /ɪmˈpruːvmənt/

improvement

amélioration
Meaning
the act of making something better
Example
There has been a significant improvement in his health.
Il y a eu une amélioration significative de sa santé.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnhɒˈspɪtəbl/

inhospitable

inhospitalier
Meaning
Harsh and difficult to live in; unfriendly or unwelcoming to guests.
Example
The desert is an inhospitable environment for most plants.
Le désert est un environnement inhospitalier pour la plupart des plantes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɜːrmənəbl/

interminable

interminable
Meaning
Seemingly endless; having no apparent end.
Example
The meeting felt interminable and exhausting.
La réunion semblait interminable et épuisante.
B1 adjective /ˈvɛəriəs/

Various

divers; plusieurs types de
Meaning
several different; many different types of
Example
She has lived in various countries around the world.
Elle a vécu dans plusieurs pays autour du monde.
B1 adverb /ˈrʌfli/

Roughly

approximativement; de manière violente ou dure
Meaning
approximately; in a harsh or violent way
Example
The project will take roughly three months to complete.
Le projet prendra environ trois mois pour être terminé.
C2 verb (past tense, past participle), adjective /ˈhæmstrʌŋ/

hamstrung

paralysé ou limité
Meaning
crippled or severely restricted in movement or progress.
Example
The team was hamstrung by lack of resources.
L'équipe était limitée par un manque de ressources.
B1 noun /ˈneɪʃən/

nation

nation
Meaning
a large group of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language
Example
The nation celebrated its independence day with pride.
La nation a célébré son jour d'indépendance avec fierté.
A2 verb /ɪnˈkluːd/

include

inclure
Meaning
to have as part of a whole; to contain or comprise
Example
The price includes all taxes.
Le prix inclut toutes les taxes.
B2 noun /ˈtek.staɪl/

textile

tissu
Meaning
a type of cloth or woven fabric made by knitting or weaving fibers
Example
Bangladesh is famous for its high-quality textile industry.
Le Bangladesh est célèbre pour son industrie textile de haute qualité.
B2 noun /ɪɡˌzædʒ.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

Exaggeration

exagération
Meaning
a statement that represents something as better or worse than it really is
Example
His story about the fish he caught was clearly an exaggeration.
Son histoire sur le poisson qu'il a attrapé était clairement une exagération.
B1 noun /treɪl/

trail

sentier
Meaning
a path or track left by something that has passed
Example
The hikers followed the trail through the forest.
Les randonneurs ont suivi le sentier à travers la forêt.
A2 adverb, adjective, verb, noun /ˈfɔːrwərd/

forward

en avant
Meaning
toward the front; to advance or send ahead; an onward position or direction
Example
The troops moved forward to secure the bridge.
Les troupes ont avancé pour sécuriser le pont.
C1 noun /bruːˈtæləti/

brutality

brutalité
Meaning
extreme cruelty or violence; savage or inhumane treatment
Example
The brutality of the attack shocked the entire community.
La brutalité de l'attaque a choqué toute la communauté.
C1 verb /ˈhaɪtən/

heighten

accentuer
Meaning
to make or become greater in intensity or degree
Example
The announcement served to heighten the excitement in the room.
L'annonce a servi à accentuer l'excitation dans la pièce.
C2 noun /ˈɒlɪv brɑːntʃ/

olive-branch

branche d'olivier
Meaning
A symbol of peace or reconciliation; an offer to end conflict.
Example
He extended an olive-branch to his rival after years of hostility.
Il a tendu une branche d'olivier à son rival après des années d'hostilité.