providential
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C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

providentiel
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
Leur sauvetage opportun a été considéré comme providentiel.
C2 adjective /ˈtriːkli/

treacly

Excessivement sucré ou sentimental, comme de la mélasse.
Meaning
Excessively sweet or sentimental, like treacle.
Example
The movie was too treacly for my taste.
Le film était trop sirupeux pour mon goût.
C1 verb /rɪˈpjuː.di.eɪt/

repudiate

répudier
Meaning
to refuse to accept, recognize, or support something
Example
He repudiated the claim that he was involved in the scandal.
Il a répudié l'affirmation qu'il était impliqué dans le scandale.
B2 noun /ˌmɛθəˈdɑlədʒi/

methodology

méthodologie
Meaning
A system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity.
Example
The research was conducted using a new methodology.
La recherche a été menée en utilisant une nouvelle méthodologie.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

insouciant
Meaning
Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.
Example
He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.
Il a haussé les épaules de manière insouciante et est parti.
C2 noun /ˈpoʊtənˌteɪt/

potentate

potentat
Meaning
A monarch or ruler, especially one with absolute power.
Example
The ancient land was ruled by a powerful potentate.
L'ancienne terre était gouvernée par un puissant potentat.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

improbable
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
Il semble improbable qu'il arrive à l'heure.
B1 noun /kjuː/

Queue

file; rangée
Meaning
a line of people or things waiting for something; a sequence
Example
We had to wait in a long queue to buy tickets for the movie.
Nous avons dû attendre dans une longue file pour acheter des billets pour le film.
B1 verb /dɪˈzɜːrv/

deserve

mériter
Meaning
To be worthy of something, usually a reward or punishment.
Example
She worked hard and deserves recognition.
Elle a travaillé dur et mérite une reconnaissance.
C1 adjective /ˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/

Requisite

nécessaire; requis
Meaning
made necessary by particular circumstances; required
Example
Good communication skills are requisite for this job.
De bonnes compétences en communication sont nécessaires pour ce travail.
C1 adjective /ˈkoʊpiəs/

copious

copieux
Meaning
abundant in supply or quantity
Example
She took copious notes during the lecture.
Elle a pris des notes copieuses pendant la conférence.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛvərənt/

irreverent

irrévérencieux
Meaning
showing a lack of respect for people or things that are usually respected
Example
The comedian’s irreverent jokes offended some of the audience.
Les blagues irrévérencieuses du comédien ont offensé certains membres du public.
B1 noun /klɑːrk/

clerk

employé
Meaning
A person employed in an office or bank to keep records, accounts, and undertake other routine administrative duties.
Example
The clerk helped me find the correct form.
L'employé m'a aidé à trouver le formulaire correct.
C1 noun /ˈɛstjʊəri/

estuary

estuaire
Meaning
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream
Example
The city is located near the estuary of the river.
La ville est située près de l'estuaire du fleuve.
C2 noun /ˈɡoʊld.moʊ.hɜːr/

Goldmohur

Flamboyant
Meaning
A tropical tree with bright orange-red flowers, also known as flame tree or royal poinciana
Example
The goldmohur tree bloomed beautifully in the summer heat.
L'arbre flamboyant a fleuri magnifiquement sous la chaleur de l'été.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃ/

encroach

bonheur
Meaning
to gradually take over or intrude on someone’s rights, territory, or space
Example
The buildings began to encroach on the protected forest land.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C2 noun /ˌɛfləˈrɛsəns/

efflorescence

floraison
Meaning
the process of flowering or reaching an optimal stage of development
Example
The garden was at the peak of its efflorescence in spring.
Le jardin était au sommet de sa floraison au printemps.
C2 adjective /prəˈpʌlsɪv/

propulsive

propulsif
Meaning
Having the power to drive or push something forward.
Example
The propulsive force of the rocket lifted it off the ground.
La force propulsive de la fusée l'a soulevée du sol.
C2 verb /deɪn/

deign

agir en-dessous de sa dignité
Meaning
to do something considered beneath one's dignity
Example
The king did not deign to reply to the commoner.
Le roi ne daigna pas répondre au roturier.
A1 noun /lænd/

Land

terre; sol
Meaning
the part of the earth's surface that is not covered by water; an area of ground, soil, or earth
Example
The farmer worked hard to cultivate his land and grow healthy crops.
Le fermier a travaillé dur pour cultiver sa terre et faire pousser des récoltes saines.
C2 noun /sɑːrˈkɒfəɡəs/

sarcophagus

cercueil en pierre
Meaning
A stone coffin, often decorated, used in ancient times.
Example
The museum displayed a beautifully carved sarcophagus from ancient Egypt.
Le musée a exposé un cercueil en pierre magnifiquement sculpté de l'Égypte ancienne.
C1 noun /pækt/

Pact

pacte; accord
Meaning
a formal agreement between individuals or parties; a treaty or contract
Example
The two countries signed a peace pact to end the war.
Les deux pays ont signé un pacte de paix pour mettre fin à la guerre.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl/

Unusual

inhabituel; étrange;
Meaning
not typical; strange; different from what is normal
Example
She wore an unusual dress to the party.
Elle portait une robe inhabituelle à la fête.
C2 adjective /ˈdæpər/

dapper

élégant et soigné
Meaning
Neat, stylish, and well-dressed in appearance.
Example
He looked very dapper in his new suit.
Il avait l'air très élégant dans son nouveau costume.
C1 verb /bɪˈreɪt/

berate

gronder
Meaning
to scold or criticize angrily
Example
The teacher berated the student for being late.
Le professeur gronda l'élève pour être en retard.
A1 noun ˈfjuː.tʃər

future

futur
Meaning
The time or a period of time following the moment of speaking or writing; time regarded as still to come.
Example
Future projects depend on strategic planning.
Les projets futurs dépendent de la planification stratégique.
B2 adjective ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl

ethical

éthique
Meaning
Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
Example
Ethical considerations guide decisions.
Les considérations éthiques guident les décisions.
C2 noun /əˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

annunciation

annonce, bonne nouvelle
Meaning
The announcement of something; in Christianity, the announcement by the angel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive Jesus.
Example
The church celebrated the Feast of the Annunciation with a special service.
L'église a célébré la fête de l'Annonciation avec un service spécial.
C2 noun əˌdʌl.təˈreɪ.ʃən

adulteration

adultération
Meaning
The action of making something poorer in quality by the addition of another substance.
Example
Adulteration of food is a serious health risk.
L'adultération des aliments est un grave risque pour la santé.
A2 verb /sɔːrt/

sort

trier
Meaning
to arrange or categorize something
Example
Please sort the files by date.
Veuillez trier les fichiers par date.
C1 noun /mɔːˈtæləti/

mortality

mortalité
Meaning
the state of being subject to death; the death rate of a population
Example
Advancements in medicine have reduced child mortality significantly.
Les progrès de la médecine ont considérablement réduit la mortalité infantile.
B2 verb /ˌriː.kənˈsɪd.ər/

reconsider

reconsidérer
Meaning
to think about something again, especially to change a decision or opinion
Example
She decided to reconsider her decision about moving abroad.
Elle a décidé de reconsidérer sa décision concernant son déménagement à l'étranger.
C2 verb /ɡɪld/

gild

doré
Meaning
to cover something with a thin layer of gold or to make something appear more attractive than it really is
Example
The craftsman gilded the frame to give it a luxurious look.
L'artisan a doré le cadre pour lui donner un aspect luxueux.
C1 verb /sərˈmaɪz/

surmise

supposer
Meaning
to suppose something is true without having evidence
Example
She surmised that he was not coming to the meeting.
Elle a supposé qu'il ne viendrait pas à la réunion.
B2 verb /ˈpɛrɪʃ/

perish

périr
Meaning
To die, especially in a sudden or violent way.
Example
Many soldiers perished in the war.
Beaucoup de soldats sont morts dans la guerre.
B2 noun /wɜːrd fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

word formation

formation des mots
Meaning
the process by which new words are created or existing words are modified in a language
Example
Word formation helps learners understand how new vocabulary develops in English.
La formation des mots est importante en linguistique.
B2 noun /ʌnəˈbɪləti/

unability

incapacité
Meaning
the state of being unable to do something; incapacity
Example
His unability to solve the problem caused delays in the project.
Son incapacité à résoudre le problème a causé des retards dans le projet.
C1 adjective /ˈswɛltərɪŋ/

sweltering

accablant
Meaning
uncomfortably hot
Example
The sweltering heat made it hard to work.
La chaleur accablante rendait le travail difficile.
C2 noun /ˈɑːrbɪtər/

arbiter

arbitre
Meaning
a person who has the authority to settle a dispute or decide an issue
Example
The principal acted as the arbiter in the conflict between the students.
Le principal a agi en tant qu'arbitre dans le conflit entre les élèves.
C2 noun /ˈbɪbliəfaɪl/

bibliophile

bibliophile
Meaning
A person who loves or collects books.
Example
She is a true bibliophile who spends weekends at old bookstores.
Elle est une véritable bibliophile qui passe ses week-ends dans des librairies anciennes.
A2 noun /ˈpækɪdʒ/

package

paquet
Meaning
a container or wrapping in which something is packed
Example
He received a package in the mail.
Il a reçu un paquet par la poste.
C2 adjective /ˈfækʃəs/

factious

factionnel
Meaning
causing disagreement or division within a group; inclined to form factions
Example
The debate became factious, splitting the committee into rival camps.
Le débat est devenu factionnel, divisant le comité en camps rivaux.
C1 noun /stents/

stents

stents
Meaning
Small mesh tubes used to treat narrow or blocked arteries.
Example
Stents were successfully placed using robotic techniques.
Les stents ont été placés avec succès en utilisant des techniques robotiques.
C2 noun /ˈplɛbɪsaɪt/

plebiscite

référendum populaire
Meaning
a direct vote by the electorate on an important public question
Example
The government held a plebiscite to decide on the new constitution.
Le gouvernement a organisé un référendum populaire pour décider de la nouvelle constitution.
A2 noun /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

running

courir
Meaning
the action or sport of running
Example
Running every morning keeps me healthy.
Courir chaque matin me garde en bonne santé.
C2 noun /ˈhɛksəˌpɒd/

hexapod

hexapode
Meaning
An insect or other organism with six legs.
Example
The scientist observed a hexapod crawling on the leaf.
Le scientifique a observé un hexapode rampant sur la feuille.
B2 adjective /ˈdʒɔɪfəl/

joyful

joyeux
Meaning
full of joy and happiness; causing joy or delight
Example
She felt joyful when she heard the good news.
Elle s’est sentie joyeuse en entendant la bonne nouvelle.
B2 adjective /ˈkɑːmjənl/

communal

communautaire
Meaning
Shared by all members of a community; for common use.
Example
The villagers worked together in the communal garden.
Les villageois ont travaillé ensemble dans le jardin communautaire.
B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərmən/

chairman

bonheur
Meaning
the leader or head of a meeting, committee, or organization
Example
The chairman opened the meeting with a short speech.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C2 adjective /ˌeθ.noʊˈsen.trɪk/

ethnocentric

ethnocentrique
Meaning
evaluating other cultures according to the standards of one's own culture
Example
His ethnocentric attitude made it hard for him to appreciate foreign traditions.
Son attitude ethnocentrique lui rendait difficile d'apprécier les traditions étrangères.
C1 adjective /ˈluː.krə.tɪv/

lucrative

lucratif
Meaning
Producing a great deal of profit; highly profitable or financially rewarding.
Example
The real estate business is highly lucrative in urban areas.
Le marché immobilier est hautement lucratif dans les zones urbaines.
C1 verb /əˈprɛs/

oppress

opprimer
Meaning
to keep someone down by harsh and unfair use of authority; to suppress
Example
The dictator oppressed the people for decades.
Le dictateur a opprimé les gens pendant des décennies.
C1 noun /pəˈraɪə/

pariah

paria
Meaning
An outcast; someone who is rejected by society or a social group.
Example
After the scandal, he became a social pariah.
Après le scandale, il est devenu un paria social.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnseɪt/

insensate

insensible
Meaning
lacking physical sensation or empathy; without feeling or sensitivity
Example
The dictator's insensate cruelty shocked the world.
La cruauté insensible du dictateur a choqué le monde.
B2 verb /ˈkeɪtər/

cater

cuisiner
Meaning
To provide food, drinks, or services, usually for an event or group.
Example
The company catered the wedding reception.
L'entreprise a préparé le dîner pour la réception du mariage.
A2 verb /tʊr/

Tour

faire une tournée
Meaning
to travel around a place for pleasure or to perform
Example
The band will tour several cities this summer.
Le groupe fera une tournée dans plusieurs villes cet été.
B1 noun /træp/

Trap

piège
Meaning
a device or enclosure designed to catch and retain animals, or a situation from which it is difficult to escape
Example
The mouse was caught in the trap overnight.
La souris a été capturée dans le piège pendant la nuit.
B2 noun /ˈpæm.flət/

pamphlet

prospectus
Meaning
a small booklet or brochure containing information or arguments about a subject
Example
The health department distributed a pamphlet about nutrition.
Le département de la santé a distribué un prospectus sur la nutrition.
C2 noun /ˌaɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/

ideation

Le processus de création et de développement de nouvelles idées ou concepts par la pensée créative et le brainstorming.
Meaning
The process of forming and developing new ideas or concepts through creative thinking and brainstorming.
Example
The team engaged in ideation sessions to generate new product ideas.
L'équipe a participé à des sessions de génération d'idées pour créer de nouvelles idées de produits.
C2 adjective /ɪˈlɪmɪtəbl/

illimitable

illimité
Meaning
Without limits or bounds.
Example
The universe is often described as illimitable.
L'univers est souvent décrit comme illimité.
B2 noun /θɛft/

theft

vol
Meaning
the action or crime of stealing
Example
The theft of his wallet was reported to the police.
Le vol de son portefeuille a été signalé à la police.
C2 noun /haɪˈdrɒmɪtər/

hydrometer

hydromètre
Meaning
An instrument used to measure the density or specific gravity of liquids.
Example
The brewer used a hydrometer to test the sugar content of the solution.
Le brasseur a utilisé un hydromètre pour tester la teneur en sucre de la solution.
B2 noun, verb /ˈriːteɪl/

retail

vente au détail
Meaning
the sale of goods to the public in small quantities for use or consumption rather than for resale
Example
The company specializes in the retail of clothing and accessories.
L'entreprise se spécialise dans la vente au détail de vêtements et d'accessoires.
C2 verb /ɛnˈdʒɔɪn/

enjoin

ordonner, interdire
Meaning
to instruct or urge someone to do something; to prohibit legally
Example
The judge enjoined the company from continuing its activities.
Le juge a interdit à l'entreprise de poursuivre ses activités.
B2 noun /ʌnˈkɒnʃəsnəs/

unconsciousness

inconscience
Meaning
the state of being unaware of and unable to respond to one's surroundings
Example
After the accident, he was in a state of unconsciousness for several hours.
Après l'accident, il était dans un état d'inconscience pendant plusieurs heures.
C2 noun /ɪkˈskrɛsəns/

excrescence

croissance anormale
Meaning
An abnormal outgrowth or lump, often considered unattractive.
Example
The building was considered an excrescence on the landscape.
Le bâtiment a été considéré comme une excroissance dans le paysage.
B2 verb /sɔːr/

soar

s'envoler / augmenter rapidement
Meaning
to fly or rise high in the air; to increase rapidly or dramatically
Example
The eagle soared high above the mountains.
L'aigle s'envola haut au-dessus des montagnes.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/

integument

revêtement externe
Meaning
A natural outer covering, such as skin, shell, or rind.
Example
The snake sheds its integument as it grows.
Le serpent mue de son revêtement externe à mesure qu'il grandit.
B1 noun kəˈpæs.ə.ti

capacity

capacité
Meaning
The maximum amount that something can contain or produce; the ability or power to do or understand something.
Example
The cable has the capacity to handle vast data traffic.
Le câble a la capacité de gérer un grand trafic de données.
C1 adjective /ˈpent ʌp/

Pent-up

réprimé; restreint; confiné
Meaning
suppressed; restrained; confined
Example
He had pent-up anger that finally exploded.
Il avait de la colère réprimée qui a finalement explosé.
C2 noun /əˈpɜːrtənənsɪz/

appurtenances

accessoires
Meaning
Additional items or accessories associated with something, often used in a legal or property context.
Example
The house was sold along with all its appurtenances, including the garage and garden.
La maison a été vendue avec tous ses accessoires, y compris le garage et le jardin.
C1 noun /tɔːrk/

torque

couple
Meaning
A twisting force that causes rotation.
Example
The mechanic measured the torque of the engine.
Le mecanicien a mesure le couple du moteur.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊdiətrɪst/

podiatrist

podiatre
Meaning
a doctor specializing in foot care
Example
I have an appointment with the podiatrist for my ankle pain.
J'ai un rendez-vous chez le podiatre pour la douleur à la cheville.
C2 verb /ˌmɪsæprɪˈhɛnd/

misapprehend

mal comprendre
Meaning
to misunderstand or misinterpret something
Example
He misapprehended the teacher’s instructions and did the task incorrectly.
Il a mal compris les instructions du professeur et a fait la tâche incorrectement.
C1 verb /ˈbəʊl.stər/

bolster

renforcer
Meaning
To support or strengthen; to prop up.
Example
The new policy aims to bolster economic growth.
La nouvelle politique vise à renforcer la croissance économique.
C2 verb /bɪˈweɪl/

bewail

déplorer
Meaning
to express deep sorrow or regret over something; to mourn openly
Example
She bewailed the loss of her childhood home.
Elle a déploré la perte de sa maison d’enfance.
A2 adjective /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/

Perfect

parfait; impeccable; excellent
Meaning
flawless; excellent; without fault
Example
She delivered a perfect performance on stage.
Elle a donné une performance parfaite sur scène.
C1 verb /ˈkrʌmpəl/

crumple

froisser
Meaning
to crush something into folds or wrinkles
Example
He crumpled the paper and threw it in the bin.
Il a froissé le papier et l'a jeté dans la poubelle.
C2 noun /ˈsʌbtrəˌhɛnd/

subtrahend

minuende
Meaning
a number that is to be subtracted from another number
Example
In the equation 10 - 4, the number 4 is the subtrahend.
Dans l'équation 10 - 4, le nombre 4 est le minuende.
B2 adjective /teɪm/

Tame

domestiqué; doux; docile
Meaning
domesticated and not wild; gentle and easy to control
Example
The tame lion performed tricks in the circus.
Le lion domestiqué a fait des tours dans le cirque.
B2 noun /ˈskændəl/

scandal

scandale
Meaning
an event or action that causes public outrage or damage to one's reputation
Example
The politician's affair became a public scandal.
L'affaire du politicien est devenue un scandale public.
C1 noun prəˈkjʊrmənt

procurement

acquisition
Meaning
The action of obtaining or procuring something, especially for official purposes.
Example
The procurement of modern equipment has improved research accuracy.
L'acquisition d'équipement moderne a amélioré la précision des recherches.
C1 noun /bɑːm/

balm

baume
Meaning
A soothing ointment or something that provides comfort or relief.
Example
The balm helped relieve the pain from her sunburn.
Le baume a aidé à soulager la douleur de son coup de soleil.
B2 noun ˈiːkoʊˌtʊrɪzəm

Eco-tourism

éco-tourisme
Meaning
A form of tourism involving responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.
Example
Eco-tourism promotes responsible travel to natural areas.
L'éco-tourisme promeut des voyages responsables vers des zones naturelles.
A1 verb pleɪ

play

jouer un rôle
Meaning
To have a role or function in a situation; to contribute to something.
Example
Artemis will play a crucial role in Mars exploration.
Artemis jouera un rôle crucial dans l'exploration de Mars.
B2 noun /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/

anthropology

anthropologie
Meaning
the scientific study of humans, their societies, cultures, and development
Example
She decided to major in anthropology at university.
Elle a décidé de se spécialiser en anthropologie à l'université.
B2 noun /buːθ/

booth

cabine
Meaning
a small enclosed space or area used for a specific purpose, such as voting or selling.
Example
He went into the voting booth to cast his ballot.
Il est allé dans la cabine de vote pour déposer son bulletin.
A2 adjective /ˈθɜːr.sti/

Thirsty

assoiffé
Meaning
feeling a need to drink; having a strong desire for something
Example
I am very thirsty after running in the heat.
Je suis très assoiffé après avoir couru sous la chaleur.
B1 noun /ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/

citizenship

citoyenneté
Meaning
the status of being a recognized member of a state or country, with rights and duties
Example
He applied for American citizenship after living there for ten years.
Il a demandé la citoyenneté américaine après y avoir vécu pendant dix ans.
C2 noun /ˌæŋɡləˈfoʊbiə/

anglophobia

anglophobie
Meaning
Dislike or fear of England, English people, or English culture.
Example
The politician was accused of promoting Anglophobia in his speeches.
Le politicien a été accusé de promouvoir l'anglophobie dans ses discours.
B2 noun /biːm/

beam

rayon / poutre
Meaning
a ray or shaft of light; a long piece of wood or metal used to support weight
Example
A beam of sunlight entered through the window.
Un rayon de lumière est entré par la fenêtre.
C2 adjective /bjuːˈkɒlɪk/

bucolic

bucolique
Meaning
Relating to the pleasant aspects of the countryside and country life.
Example
They enjoyed a bucolic picnic by the river.
Ils ont apprécié un pique-nique bucolique au bord de la rivière.
B1 noun /bɪˈliːf/

Belief

croyance; foi
Meaning
confidence in the truth or existence of something; trust or faith
Example
His belief in justice never wavered.
Sa croyance en la justice n'a jamais vacillé.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈduː/

overdo

exagérer
Meaning
to do something too much; to exaggerate or carry to excess
Example
Don't overdo the exercise on your first day at the gym.
Ne fais pas trop d'exercice le premier jour à la salle de sport.
C2 adjective /ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk/

esoteric

ésotérique
Meaning
intended for or understood by only a small number of people with special knowledge
Example
The professor gave an esoteric lecture on ancient philosophy.
Le professeur a donné une conférence ésotérique sur la philosophie ancienne.
B1 noun /koʊm/

Comb

peigne
Meaning
a toothed device for arranging or cleaning the hair
Example
She used a comb to style her hair before the party.
Elle a utilisé un peigne pour coiffer ses cheveux avant la fête.
C1 adjective /ˈəʊnərəs/

onerous

ardu
Meaning
involving a great deal of effort, difficulty, or burden
Example
Fulfilling the contract proved to be an onerous task for the company.
Accomplir le contrat s'est avéré être une tâche ardue pour l'entreprise.
B1 noun /ˈkæləri/

calorie

calorie
Meaning
A unit of energy, often used to measure the energy content of food and drink.
Example
She checks the calorie count before eating any packaged food.
Elle vérifie le nombre de calories avant de manger des aliments emballés.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒŋ.kriːt/

Concrete

solide; réel; tangible; spécifique
Meaning
solid; real; tangible; actual and specific
Example
We need concrete evidence to support our claims.
Nous avons besoin de preuves concrètes pour soutenir nos affirmations.
B2 adjective /ˈvɪv.ɪd/

Vivid

vif; brillant; clair;
Meaning
producing powerful feelings or strong, clear images in the mind; bright and intense
Example
She has vivid memories of her childhood in the countryside.
Elle a des souvenirs vivants de son enfance à la campagne.
C2 noun /pɪˈdɒl.ə.dʒi/

pedology

science des sols
Meaning
The study of soils in their natural environment.
Example
Pedology helps scientists understand soil fertility.
La pédologie aide les scientifiques à comprendre la fertilité du sol.
B2 noun /ˈpæd.ɪŋ/

padding

rembourrage / matelassage
Meaning
soft material added for comfort, protection, or to fill space
Example
The chair had extra padding for comfort.
La chaise avait des coussins supplémentaires pour plus de confort.
C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

pieux
Meaning
devoutly religious; showing reverence for God
Example
The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.
Le moine pieux passait des heures en prière chaque jour.
B2 noun /ˈfleɪvər/

flavor

goût
Meaning
The distinctive taste of a food or drink.
Example
This ice cream has a delicious mango flavor.
Cette glace a un délicieux goût de mangue.
A1 adjective /ˈpɒs.ə.bəl/

Possible

possible
Meaning
able to be done or achieved; likely to happen; feasible
Example
It is possible to learn a new language at any age.
Il est possible d'apprendre une nouvelle langue à tout âge.
B2 noun /braʊ/

brow

front
Meaning
the part of the face above the eyes; forehead
Example
She wiped the sweat from her brow.
Elle essuya la sueur de son front.
C1 noun /tɪˈmɪdəti/

timidity

timidité
Meaning
lack of courage or self-confidence
Example
His timidity kept him from speaking up during the meeting.
Sa timidité l'a empêché de parler pendant la réunion.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈhɜːd/

Unheard

inouï; inconnu
Meaning
not heard or listened to; not given a hearing; unknown or unfamiliar
Example
His complaints went unheard by the management.
Ses plaintes sont passées inaperçues par la direction.
C1 noun /ˌsɛlf əˌfɜːˈmeɪʃən/

self-affirmation

auto-affirmation
Meaning
The practice of affirming one's own worthiness and value as an individual.
Example
Daily self-affirmation can boost your confidence.
L'auto-affirmation quotidienne peut augmenter votre confiance.
C1 noun dɪˈsʌɪsɪvnɪs

decisiveness

capacité de décision
Meaning
The ability to make decisions quickly and effectively.
Example
His decisiveness during the crisis saved the company.
Sa capacité à prendre des décisions pendant la crise a sauvé l'entreprise.
B2 noun prəˈdʒɛk.ʃən

projection

projections de la voix
Meaning
The strength and range of voice when speaking.
Example
Proper projection ensures that every listener hears clearly.
Une projection appropriée garantit que chaque auditeur entend clairement.
B2 adjective /rɪˈzɪstənt/

resistant

résistant
Meaning
not affected by something; able to oppose or withstand
Example
This fabric is resistant to water and stains.
Ce tissu est résistant à l'eau et aux taches.
B2 noun /ˈes.əns/

Essence

essence
Meaning
the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something
Example
The essence of good teaching is the ability to inspire students.
L'essence de la bonne enseignement est la capacité d'inspirer les étudiants.
B2 noun /ˈstɑːrt.ʌp/

startup

nouvelle entreprise
Meaning
A newly established business, especially a small technology or business company that is just beginning operations.
Example
The startup secured funding from investors.
La startup a sécurisé des fonds auprès des investisseurs.
B2 verb /ˈdɑːrkən/

darken

assombrir
Meaning
to make or become dark; to reduce brightness or light
Example
The clouds began to darken the sky before the storm.
Les nuages ont commencé à assombrir le ciel avant la tempête.
B1 adjective /ˈdiː.teɪld/

detailed

détaillé
Meaning
Having many details; very thorough.
Example
The report provided a detailed analysis of the situation.
Le rapport a fourni une analyse détaillée de la situation.
C1 noun /ˈboʊ.ə/

Boa

boa constrictor
Meaning
a large non-venomous snake that kills prey by constriction
Example
The boa constrictor wrapped around its prey.
Le boa constrictor s'est enroulé autour de sa proie.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃəbl̩/

insatiable

insatiable
Meaning
impossible to satisfy; always wanting more
Example
Her insatiable curiosity drove her to read every book in the library.
Sa curiosité insatiable l'a poussée à lire tous les livres de la bibliothèque.
C1 noun ɪmˈpɛə(r)mənt

impairment

dommages, handicap
Meaning
The state of being damaged or weakened; a disability or handicap.
Example
Hearing impairment can be caused by long-term exposure to loud noise.
La perte auditive peut être causée par une exposition prolongée à des bruits forts.
C1 verb /rɪɡ/

rig

truquer
Meaning
to manipulate or control something dishonestly; to set up equipment
Example
The election was rigged by corrupt officials.
L'élection a été truquée par des fonctionnaires corrompus.
A2 noun /ˈɛndɪŋ/

ending

fin
Meaning
the final part of something, such as a story, event, or period of time
Example
The movie had a surprising ending that no one expected.
Le film avait une fin surprenante que personne n'attendait.