polycracy
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C2 noun /ˈpɒliˌkreɪsi/

polycracy

policratie
Meaning
rule by many; government by multiple authorities
Example
The nation experienced a polycracy after decentralization reforms.
Le pays a connu une policratie après les réformes de décentralisation.
B1 adjective /ˈɜːrbən/

urban

urbain
Meaning
related to, characteristic of, or situated in a city or town
Example
Urban areas often have higher population density than rural areas.
Les zones urbaines ont souvent une densité de population plus élevée que les zones rurales.
B2 verb, noun /sniːz/

sneeze

éternuer
Meaning
to expel air involuntarily from the nose and mouth due to irritation; the act of sneezing
Example
I had to sneeze during the meeting.
J'ai dû éternuer pendant la réunion.
C1 noun ˌɔːɡ.menˈteɪ.ʃən

augmentation

augmentation ou expansion
Meaning
Increasing quantity, power or performance.
Example
The company invested in the augmentation of its workforce.
L'entreprise a investi dans l'augmentation de sa main-d'œuvre.
C2 verb /əˈbrɪdʒ/

abridge

abréger
Meaning
to shorten a text without losing its meaning
Example
The editor decided to abridge the long novel for young readers.
L'éditeur a décidé d'abréger le long roman pour les jeunes lecteurs.
C2 noun /ˌækwəˈpɒnɪks/

aquaponics

aquaponie
Meaning
A system of aquaculture in which the waste produced by farmed fish or other aquatic animals supplies nutrients for plants grown hydroponically.
Example
Aquaponics efficiently utilizes water by integrating fish and plant farming.
L'aquaponie utilise l'eau efficacement en intégrant l'élevage de poissons et la culture de plantes.
C1 verb /riːk/

wreak

causer des dégâts
Meaning
to cause or inflict something, especially damage or harm
Example
The storm wreaked havoc on the coastal villages.
La tempête a causé de grands dégâts dans les villages côtiers.
B2 noun /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən/

immigration

immigration
Meaning
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
Immigration policies vary from country to country.
Les politiques d'immigration varient d'un pays à l'autre.
A2 pronoun /ɪtˈsɛlf/

itself

lui-même
Meaning
Used to emphasize the thing just mentioned; by its own power or effort.
Example
The cat cleaned itself after eating.
Le chat s'est nettoyé lui-même après avoir mangé.
C2 noun /ˈveɪɡəri/

vagary

changement imprévu
Meaning
An unexpected and inexplicable change in a situation or someone's behavior.
Example
The vagaries of the weather made planning difficult.
Les caprices du temps ont rendu la planification difficile.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdərət/

inconsiderate

inconsidéré
Meaning
Thoughtless; showing a lack of concern for others.
Example
It was inconsiderate of him to play loud music late at night.
C'était inconsidéré de sa part de jouer de la musique forte tard dans la nuit.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsɪlər/

councilor

conseiller
Meaning
an elected member of a council, especially a local government body
Example
The councilor held a public meeting to discuss local issues.
Le conseiller a organisé une réunion publique pour discuter des problèmes locaux.
B1 noun /ˈtiːspuːn/

teaspoon

bonheur
Meaning
a small spoon used for stirring drinks or eating soft foods, or for measuring small amounts of ingredients.
Example
Add a teaspoon of sugar to the tea.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C2 verb /məʊlt/

molt

muet
Meaning
To shed old feathers, skin, or hair to make way for new growth.
Example
Birds molt their feathers once a year.
Les oiseaux muent leurs plumes une fois par an.
B2 adjective /suːˈpɜːrb/

superb

superbe
Meaning
extremely good; excellent
Example
The hotel provided superb service during our stay.
L'hôtel a fourni un service superbe pendant notre séjour.
B2 noun /ˌpɜː.sɪˈvɪə.rəns/

perseverance

persévérance
Meaning
Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in achieving success
Example
His perseverance helped him achieve his dreams.
Sa persévérance l'a aidé à réaliser ses rêves.
B2 noun /ˈveɪ.kən.si/

Vacancy

vacance; une position ou un espace vide
Meaning
an unoccupied position or job; an empty space or room
Example
There is a vacancy for a software engineer in our company.
Il y a une vacance pour un ingénieur logiciel dans notre entreprise.
A2 noun /ˈʌv.ən/

Oven

four
Meaning
an enclosed compartment used for heating, baking, or drying food
Example
She baked cookies in the oven for thirty minutes.
Elle a cuit des biscuits dans le four pendant trente minutes.
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

illisible
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
L'écriture du médecin était presque illisible.
C1 noun ænˈtɪk.wə.ti

antiquity

antiquité
Meaning
The ancient past, especially the period of classical and other human civilizations before the Middle Ages.
Example
The ruins are a reminder of the city's antiquity.
Les ruines sont un rappel de l'antiquité de la ville.
B1 noun /ˈmɒr.əl/

Moral

moralité
Meaning
a lesson about right and wrong conduct; principles of right behavior
Example
The moral of the story is to always tell the truth.
La morale de l'histoire est toujours de dire la vérité.
C2 verb /ˈɡræn.jʊ.leɪt/

granulate

granuler
Meaning
To form or cause to form into grains or small particles.
Example
The sugar began to granulate as it cooled.
Le sucre a commencé à se granuler lorsqu'il a refroidi.
C2 noun /ˈæpəplɛksi/

apoplexy

Perte soudaine de conscience ou de contrôle due à un AVC ou à une colère extrême
Meaning
A sudden loss of consciousness or control due to stroke or extreme anger.
Example
The old man nearly had apoplexy when he heard the shocking news.
Le vieil homme a failli avoir une apoplexie lorsqu'il a entendu la nouvelle choquante.
C1 adjective /ˈdɒɡɪd/

dogged

obstiné
Meaning
showing stubborn determination and persistence
Example
She succeeded through dogged determination.
Elle a réussi grâce à sa détermination obstinée.
C2 noun /səˈlɪsɪˌtuːd/

solicitude

préoccupation, soin
Meaning
Care or concern for someone or something.
Example
His mother showed great solicitude for his safety.
Sa mère a montré une grande préoccupation pour sa sécurité.
C1 verb /ˌrevəˈluːʃənaɪz/

revolutionize

révolutionner
Meaning
Change (something) radically or fundamentally.
Example
Artificial intelligence is set to revolutionize the healthcare sector.
L'intelligence artificielle est prête à révolutionner le secteur de la santé.
C1 verb /lɜːrk/

lurk

guetter
Meaning
to remain hidden so as to wait for an opportunity to attack or observe
Example
A stranger lurked in the shadows.
Un étranger rôdait dans l'ombre.
B1 verb /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

provided

fourni
Meaning
gave or supplied something that was needed
Example
The hotel provided free breakfast for all guests.
L'hôtel a fourni un petit-déjeuner gratuit pour tous les invités.
C1 adjective /məˈlɪɡnənt/

malignant

malin
Meaning
dangerous or harmful in influence or effect; medically, tending to invade and destroy tissue
Example
Doctors confirmed that the tumor was malignant.
Les médecins ont confirmé que la tumeur était maligne.
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

citation
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
L'article de recherche comprenait une citation de Shakespeare.
B1 noun /kluː/

clue

indice
Meaning
a piece of evidence or information used in the detection of a crime or solving a puzzle
Example
The detective found a clue near the window.
Le détective a trouvé un indice près de la fenêtre.
C2 noun /ˈʌŋɡwənt/

unguent

onguent
Meaning
A soothing or healing ointment applied to the skin.
Example
The doctor applied an unguent to heal the burn.
Le médecin a appliqué un onguent pour guérir la brûlure.
B2 noun /fleɪm/

Flame

flamme
Meaning
a hot glowing body of ignited gas that is generated by something on fire
Example
The candle flame flickered gently in the evening breeze.
La flamme de la bougie vacillait doucement dans la brise du soir.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛndiˌɛri/

incendiary

incendiaire / provocateur
Meaning
designed to cause fires or stir up conflict
Example
The politician’s incendiary remarks angered the crowd.
Les remarques incendiaires du politicien ont mis en colère la foule.
A2 preposition /dɪˈspaɪt/

despite

malgré
Meaning
Without being affected by; in spite of.
Example
He continued his work despite the difficulties.
Il a continué son travail malgré les difficultés.
B2 noun /menˈtæləti/

Mentality

mentalité; état d'esprit
Meaning
The characteristic attitude of mind or way of thinking of a person or group
Example
The team needs to develop a winning mentality to succeed.
L'équipe doit développer une mentalité gagnante pour réussir.
C2 adjective /ɪmˌpɜːrˈsweɪdəbl/

impersuadable

impossible à persuader
Meaning
not able to be convinced or persuaded
Example
She remained impersuadable despite all our arguments.
Elle est restée impossible à persuader malgré tous nos arguments.
A2 verb /diːl/

deal

bonheur
Meaning
to distribute or give out something; to handle or manage
Example
He had to deal with many problems at work.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈnɒs.trɪl/

Nostril

narine
Meaning
either of the two openings in the nose through which air passes
Example
The doctor checked each nostril for any blockage.
Le médecin a vérifié chaque narine à la recherche de toute obstruction.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

conception; idée; fertilisation
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La conception de ce projet innovant a pris plusieurs mois de brainstorming.
C2 noun /aɪˈkɒnəklæst/

iconoclast

iconoclaste
Meaning
A person who attacks or criticizes cherished beliefs, traditions, or institutions.
Example
He was known as an iconoclast who challenged old traditions.
Il était connu comme un iconoclaste qui défiait les anciennes traditions.
C2 noun /ˈfɜːrnəri/

fernery

fernière, endroit où les fougères sont cultivées
Meaning
a place or greenhouse where ferns are cultivated
Example
The garden's fernery was full of exotic plants.
La ferniére du jardin était pleine de plantes exotiques.
C1 noun /ˌkʌl də ˈsæk/

cul de sac

impasse
Meaning
A street or passage closed at one end; a dead end.
Example
They bought a house at the end of a quiet cul de sac.
Ils ont acheté une maison au bout d'une impasse tranquille.
C2 adjective /ˈvɔːntɪd/

vaunted

excessivement vanté
Meaning
praised or boasted about, especially excessively
Example
The vaunted technology failed to deliver the expected results.
La technologie excessivement vantée n'a pas donné les résultats attendus.
C1 noun /ˈflæn.əl/

Flannel

flanelle
Meaning
a soft woven fabric, typically made of wool or cotton and slightly milled and raised
Example
He wore a warm flannel shirt in winter.
Il portait une chemise en flanelle chaude en hiver.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈlɒkjətər/

interlocutor

interlocuteur
Meaning
a person who takes part in a conversation or dialogue
Example
She was a skilled interlocutor during the debate.
Elle était une interlocutrice habile pendant le débat.
B2 noun /ˌek.spɪˈdɪʃ.ən/

Expedition

expédition
Meaning
a journey undertaken by a group of people with a particular purpose; organized trip for exploration
Example
The mountain climbing expedition required months of careful planning and preparation.
L'expédition d'escalade de montagne a nécessité des mois de planification et de préparation minutieuse.
B2 verb /ɒpt/

opt

choisir
Meaning
to choose or decide to do something instead of something else
Example
Many students opt to study abroad for better opportunities.
De nombreux étudiants choisissent d'étudier à l'étranger pour de meilleures opportunités.
C1 adjective /flæmˈbɔɪənt/

flamboyant

flamboyant, coloré ou confiant
Meaning
showy, strikingly bold or colorful; confident and lively
Example
His flamboyant style drew everyone's attention at the party.
Son style flamboyant a attiré l'attention de tout le monde à la fête.
C2 verb /əˈsweɪdʒ/

assuage

apaiser
Meaning
To make an unpleasant feeling less intense; to ease or relieve.
Example
The kind words helped assuage her anxiety.
Les mots gentils ont aidé à apaiser son anxiété.
C2 adjective /kənˈfɔːrməbl/

conformable

conforme
Meaning
Capable of being adapted or consistent with something; compliant.
Example
His actions were conformable to the rules of the institution.
Ses actions étaient conformes aux règles de l'institution.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˌlɪl.i/

Water-lily

nénuphar
Meaning
a floating flower that grows on the surface of ponds and lakes
Example
The white water-lily floated gracefully on the pond.
Le nénuphar blanc flottait gracieusement sur l'étang.
C1 adjective ˌmiː.ti.ər.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

meteorological

météorologique
Meaning
Relating to weather conditions and atmospheric phenomena.
Example
Meteorological conditions affect farming cycles.
Les conditions météorologiques influent sur les cycles agricoles.
C2 adverb, noun /ˈwɛə.wɪð/

wherewith

moyens
Meaning
With which; the means or resources needed for something.
Example
He lacked the money wherewith to buy a new house.
Il n'avait pas l'argent avec lequel acheter une nouvelle maison.
C1 adjective /ˈrɪkɪti/

rickety

fragile
Meaning
Poorly made and likely to collapse; shaky.
Example
They crossed a rickety wooden bridge over the river.
Ils ont traversé un pont en bois fragile sur la rivière.
C2 noun /trɪˈplɪs.ə.ti/

triplicity

triplécité
Meaning
The state of being triple or consisting of three parts.
Example
The design shows a triplicity of forms combined harmoniously.
Le design montre une triplécité de formes combinées harmonieusement.
B1 adjective /ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk/

automatic

automatique
Meaning
working by itself without direct human control
Example
This car has an automatic transmission.
Cette voiture a une transmission automatique.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

insecticide
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
Le fermier a pulvérisé de l'insecticide sur ses cultures pour les protéger des insectes nuisibles.
B2 adjective /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Convincing

convaincant; crédible; persuasif; capable de faire croire quelque chose à quelqu'un
Meaning
believable; credible; persuasive; able to make someone believe something
Example
His convincing argument won over the entire jury.
Son argument convaincant a gagné l'ensemble du jury.
C2 noun /ˌɪnjuːˈɛndəʊ/

innuendo

sous-entendu
Meaning
An allusive or oblique remark or hint, typically a suggestive or disparaging one.
Example
The manager's innuendo was directed towards his competitor.
L'allusion du directeur était dirigée vers son concurrent.
C2 noun /ˈræŋ.kər/

rancor

rancune
Meaning
A feeling of deep and bitter anger or resentment.
Example
There was a rancor between the two rivals that never faded.
Il y avait une rancune entre les deux rivaux qui ne s'est jamais estompée.
B1 noun ˈpɒl.ə.si

policy

politique
Meaning
A course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual; a contract of insurance.
Example
Effective policies drive national development.
Les politiques efficaces favorisent le développement national.
C1 verb /əbˈzɒlv/

absolve

absoudre
Meaning
to free someone from blame, guilt, or responsibility; to pardon
Example
The priest absolved him of his sins.
Le prêtre l'a absous de ses péchés.
C2 noun /kərˈmʌdʒən/

curmudgeon

râleur
Meaning
a bad-tempered, cranky, or irritable person, usually old
Example
The old curmudgeon complained about everything in the neighborhood.
Le vieux râleur se plaignait de tout dans le quartier.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkoʊ.ɪt/ or /ɪnˈkoʊ.eɪt/

inchoate

incomplet
Meaning
Just begun and not fully formed; rudimentary.
Example
His inchoate ideas needed more research to be developed.
Ses idées incomplètes avaient besoin de plus de recherches pour être développées.
A1 adjective /kaɪnd/

Kind

gentil; compatissant
Meaning
gentle; caring; compassionate; showing sympathy
Example
He is a kind person who always helps others.
C'est une personne gentille qui aide toujours les autres.
B2 adjective /slɪk/

slick

glissant
Meaning
Smooth, clever, or efficient, often in a way that seems superficial.
Example
He gave a slick presentation to impress the investors.
Il a donné une présentation glissante pour impressionner les investisseurs.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːm/

infirm

fragile
Meaning
Weak, especially due to old age or illness.
Example
The infirm old man needed assistance to walk.
L'homme âgé et fragile avait besoin d'aide pour marcher.
C1 noun /ˈreɪ.vən/

Raven

corbeau
Meaning
a large, black bird with a thick bill and harsh croaking voice
Example
The raven perched on the old oak tree and cawed loudly.
Le corbeau s’est perché sur le vieux chêne et a croassé bruyamment.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjuːz/

infuse

infuser
Meaning
to fill or spread through something; to instill a quality, idea, or feeling
Example
The teacher tried to infuse her students with a love for reading.
Le professeur a essayé d'infuser à ses élèves un amour pour la lecture.
C1 noun /əˈkʌmplɪs/

accomplice

complice
Meaning
a person who helps another commit a crime
Example
The thief was arrested along with his accomplice.
Le voleur a été arrêté avec son complice.
C1 noun /ˈriːkɔːrs/

recourse

recours, aide
Meaning
a source of help or protection in a difficult situation
Example
The students had no recourse but to appeal to the principal.
Les étudiants n'avaient d'autre recours que de faire appel au directeur.
C2 noun /lækˈteɪʃən/

lactation

production de lait
Meaning
the secretion of milk by the mammary glands of female mammals
Example
The doctor explained that lactation is a natural process after childbirth.
Le médecin a expliqué que la lactation est un processus naturel après l'accouchement.
C2 noun /əbˈsɪdiən/

obsidian

obsidienne (roche volcanique noire et vitreuse)
Meaning
A hard, dark, glasslike volcanic rock formed by rapid solidification of lava.
Example
The knife was made from sharp obsidian.
Le couteau était fabriqué à partir d'obsidienne tranchante.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstiːmd/

Esteemed

estimé
Meaning
respected and admired; held in high regard
Example
He is an esteemed professor at the university.
Il est un professeur estimé à l'université.
C1 verb /əˈprɛs/

oppress

opprimer
Meaning
to keep someone down by harsh and unfair use of authority; to suppress
Example
The dictator oppressed the people for decades.
Le dictateur a opprimé les gens pendant des décennies.
C1 noun ˈledʒ.ɪ.slə.tʃər

legislature

législature
Meaning
The legislative body of a country or state; the branch of government that makes laws.
Example
The legislature drafts laws for governance.
Le législateur rédige des lois pour la gouvernance.
A2 verb /əˈtrækt/

attract

attirer
Meaning
to cause someone to have interest or draw something towards
Example
The flowers attract bees with their bright colors.
Les fleurs attirent les abeilles avec leurs couleurs vives.
C1 noun ˈlaɪv.li.hʊd

livelihood

moyen de subsistance
Meaning
A means of securing the necessities of life; a way of making a living.
Example
Fishing is the primary livelihood of coastal communities.
La pêche est le principal moyen de subsistance des communautés côtières.
B2 adjective /ɪˈreɡjələr/

irregular

irrégulier
Meaning
not even or consistent in shape, pattern, time, or behavior; not following normal rules
Example
His attendance at work has been irregular this month.
Sa présence au travail a été irrégulière ce mois-ci.
B2 adjective /hɑːˈspɪtəbəl/

Hospitable

accueillant et amical envers les étrangers ou les invités ; généreux dans l'accueil des invités
Meaning
friendly and welcoming to strangers or guests; generous in receiving guests
Example
The local people were very hospitable to the tourists.
Les habitants locaux étaient très accueillants envers les touristes.
C2 noun /ˈzel.ət/

zealot

fanatique
Meaning
A person who is fanatical and uncompromising in pursuit of their ideals.
Example
He was considered a zealot for his strict political views.
Il était considéré comme un fanatique en raison de ses opinions politiques strictes.
C1 noun /ˈɒktɪv/

octave

octave
Meaning
A series of eight musical notes, or the interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency.
Example
The singer's voice could easily reach the higher octave.
La voix du chanteur pourrait facilement atteindre l'octave supérieure.
B2 adjective /ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl̩/

biological

biologique
Meaning
relating to the science of biology or to life and living organisms
Example
She is studying biological sciences at university.
Elle étudie les sciences biologiques à l'université.
B1 adjective /rɔː/

Raw

cru; non transformé; dans son état naturel; inexpérimenté
Meaning
uncooked; not processed; in natural state; inexperienced
Example
The chef prefers to use raw vegetables in his salads.
Le chef préfère utiliser des légumes crus dans ses salades.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊtəm/

totem

symbole sacré
Meaning
A natural object, animal, or symbol that is revered as a spiritual emblem by a group or tribe.
Example
The eagle is considered a sacred totem in many cultures.
L'aigle est considéré comme un totem sacré dans de nombreuses cultures.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paléontologie
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Elle a décidé d'étudier la paléontologie à l'université.
A1 adverb /ɔːf/

off

éteint
Meaning
away from a place, position, or time; not functioning
Example
He turned off the light before leaving the room.
Il a éteint la lumière avant de quitter la pièce.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈstrʌktəbl/

indestructible

indestructible
Meaning
Impossible to destroy or break.
Example
The superhero's shield was said to be indestructible.
On disait que le bouclier du super-héros était indestructible.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈpleɪs/

misplace

mettre au mauvais endroit
Meaning
To put something in the wrong location and temporarily lose it.
Example
I often misplace my keys when I am in a hurry.
Je perds souvent mes clés quand je suis pressé.
C2 adjective /æbˈstiːmiəs/

abstemious

abstème
Meaning
not allowing oneself much food or drink; marked by moderation
Example
She lived an abstemious life, avoiding all luxuries.
Elle a vécu une vie abstemie, évitant tous les luxes.
C2 noun/verb /ˈpɪləri/

pillory

dispositif de châtiment public
Meaning
a device for publicly punishing someone / to expose to public ridicule
Example
The corrupt official was placed in the pillory for the town to jeer at.
Le fonctionnaire corrompu a été mis en pilori pour que la ville se moque de lui.
B1 noun /dɪˈlaɪt/

Delight

délice; plaisir
Meaning
a feeling of happiness or pleasure; something that gives great pleasure
Example
The children's laughter filled her heart with pure delight.
Le rire des enfants remplit son cœur de pur délice.
C1 adjective /ˌsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/

psychopathic

psychopathe
Meaning
Relating to or affected by psychopathy; showing chronic mental disorder with abnormal or violent behavior.
Example
The film portrayed a psychopathic killer with no sense of empathy.
Le film dépeignait un tueur psychopathe sans aucune empathie.
B2 adjective /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪdʒd/

disadvantaged

désavantagé
Meaning
Lacking the basic resources or conditions needed for a good standard of living or equal opportunities.
Example
The program provides support to disadvantaged children.
Le programme fournit un soutien aux enfants désavantagés.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒn.trər.i/

Contrary

contraire; opposé;
Meaning
opposite in nature, direction, or meaning; completely different
Example
Contrary to popular belief, cats can be very social animals.
Contrairement à la croyance populaire, les chats peuvent être des animaux très sociaux.
C2 adjective /ˌsæsərˈdoʊtl/

sacerdotal

sacerdotal
Meaning
Relating to priests or the priesthood.
Example
The ritual had a distinctly sacerdotal character.
Le rituel avait un caractère distinctement sacerdotal.
B1 verb /stretʃ/

stretch

étirer
Meaning
to extend or expand; to make or become longer or wider
Example
Athletes stretch their muscles before exercising.
Les athlètes étirent leurs muscles avant de s'exercer.
C2 adjective /ˈleɪ.baɪl/ or /ˈlæb.aɪl/

labile

instable
Meaning
easily altered or unstable; prone to change
Example
Her mood was so labile that it changed several times in an hour.
Son humeur était tellement instable qu'elle a changé plusieurs fois en une heure.
B1 noun /flæʃ/

Flash

éclair; éclat
Meaning
a sudden brief burst of bright light; a very brief moment
Example
There was a bright flash of lightning followed by thunder.
Il y a eu un éclair brillant suivi du tonnerre.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdefɪnət/

Indefinite

indéfini
Meaning
not clearly defined; uncertain; vague; unlimited in time
Example
The meeting has been postponed for an indefinite period.
La réunion a été reportée pour une période indéfinie.
C1 noun /ˈkleɪmənt/

claimant

demandeur
Meaning
a person who makes a claim, especially in a legal or financial context
Example
The claimant filed for compensation after the accident.
Le demandeur a déposé une demande de compensation après l'accident.
C1 verb /ˈkəʊ.dɪ.faɪ/

codify

codifier
Meaning
to arrange laws, rules, or ideas into a clear and systematic code
Example
The committee worked to codify the existing laws.
Le comité a travaillé pour codifier les lois existantes.
C2 noun /ˌrɛprɪˈhɛnʃən/

reprehension

réprimande
Meaning
The act of rebuking or criticizing severely.
Example
The teacher’s reprehension of the student’s behavior was justified.
La réprimande du comportement de l'élève par le professeur était justifiée.
A1 noun /ˈwɪn.doʊ/

Window

fenêtre
Meaning
an opening in a wall fitted with glass to let in light and air
Example
Please open the window for fresh air.
s'il vous plaît ouvrez la fenêtre pour de l'air frais.
C1 noun /kuː/

coup

coup d'État
Meaning
a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government
Example
The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.
L'armée a organisé un coup d'État pour renverser le régime en place.
C2 noun /ˌhæŋ.ki ˈpæŋ.ki/

Hanky-Panky

escroquerie; activité suspecte; comportement malhonnête; tromperie
Meaning
dishonest or suspicious activity; unethical behavior; trickery or deception
Example
The audit revealed some hanky-panky in the company's financial records.
L'audit a révélé de la fraude dans les registres financiers de l'entreprise.
C1 adjective /ɒmˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Omnivorous

omnivore
Meaning
eating both plants and animals; feeding on various kinds of food
Example
Bears are omnivorous animals that eat both plants and meat.
Les ours sont des animaux omnivores qui mangent à la fois des plantes et de la viande.
C2 noun /ˈtjuːtərʃɪp/

tutorship

tutorat
Meaning
The office or position of a tutor; guidance or instruction given by a tutor.
Example
He thrived under the tutorship of his mentor.
Il a prospéré sous le tutorat de son mentor.
C2 noun /ˈhʌstɪŋz/

hustings

campagne électorale
Meaning
the political campaigning and speeches before an election
Example
The candidate gained popularity during the hustings.
Le candidat a gagné en popularité pendant la campagne électorale.
C2 noun /ˌself əˈbeɪs.mənt/

self-abasement

auto-humiliation
Meaning
The act of belittling or humiliating oneself.
Example
His constant self-abasement made others uncomfortable.
Son auto-humiliation constante mettait les autres mal à l'aise.
C1 noun /ˈæd.vənt/

advent

avènement
Meaning
The arrival of a notable person, thing, or event.
Example
The advent of the internet changed the way people communicate.
L'avènement de l'Internet a changé la façon dont les gens communiquent.
B2 adjective /kəˈrɛspɒndɪŋ/

corresponding

correspondant
Meaning
matching or related to something
Example
The corresponding page in the book explains the process in detail.
La page correspondante dans le livre explique le processus en détail.
B1 noun /ˈfɔːr.mæt/

Format

format
Meaning
the way in which something is arranged or set out; the shape, size, and presentation of a book or document
Example
Please submit your report in PDF format by the end of the week.
Veuillez soumettre votre rapport au format PDF d'ici la fin de la semaine.
C1 adjective /rɪˈsɛptɪv/

receptive

réceptif
Meaning
Willing to listen to or accept new ideas, suggestions, or experiences.
Example
She was receptive to feedback from her colleagues.
Elle était réceptive aux commentaires de ses collègues.
C1 noun, adjective, verb /səˈbɔːrdənət/ (noun/adjective), /səˈbɔːrdəˌneɪt/ (verb)

subordinate

subordonné
Meaning
lower in rank or position; to treat as less important
Example
He manages ten subordinates in his department.
Il gère dix subordonnés dans son département.
B2 adjective /ˈspiːtʃləs/

speechless

sans voix
Meaning
Unable to speak because of shock, surprise, or strong emotion.
Example
She was speechless when she received the award.
Elle est restée sans voix lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
A1 noun /skuːl/

school

école
Meaning
An institution for educating children; also a group of people sharing the same ideas or discipline.
Example
The children walked to school together.
Les enfants sont allés à l'école ensemble.
A1 adverb /əˈɡen/

Again

encore
Meaning
once more; another time; in addition
Example
I need to read this book again to understand it better.
Je dois relire ce livre encore une fois pour mieux le comprendre.
C1 noun /ˈrəʊ.bɒt əˈsɪs.tɪd prəˈsiː.dʒərz/

robot-assisted procedures

procédures assistées par robot
Meaning
Medical operations performed with the help of robotic systems to enhance precision and control.
Example
Robot-assisted procedures reduce human error.
Les procédures assistées par robot réduisent les erreurs humaines.
C2 noun /liːdʒ/

liege

seigneur féodal
Meaning
A feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service; a loyal subject.
Example
The knight pledged loyalty to his liege.
Le chevalier prêta allégeance à son seigneur féodal.