perspiration
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C1 noun /ˌpɜːrspəˈreɪʃn/

perspiration

transpiration
Meaning
The process of sweating.
Example
Heavy exercise causes perspiration.
Un exercice intense provoque la transpiration.
C2 noun /ˈpʌndʒənsi/

pungency

pungence
Meaning
The quality of having a strong, sharp taste or smell.
Example
The pungency of garlic filled the kitchen.
La pungence de l'ail a rempli la cuisine.
C2 noun /ˈprɒvəndər/

provender

fourrage pour le bétail
Meaning
food or provisions, especially for livestock
Example
The barn was filled with provender for the cattle.
La grange était remplie de fourrage pour le bétail.
B2 noun /ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/

Phobia

peur irrationnelle; aversion
Meaning
an extreme or irrational fear of or aversion to something
Example
She has a phobia of spiders.
Elle a une phobie des araignées.
B2 adjective /fəˈnɒmɪnəl/

phenomenal

phénoménal
Meaning
extraordinary, remarkable, or exceptional in a way that is very impressive
Example
The team achieved phenomenal success in the tournament.
L'équipe a obtenu un succès phénoménal dans le tournoi.
C2 noun /ˈplɔːdɪts/

plaudits

éloges
Meaning
expressions of praise or approval
Example
The scientist received plaudits from the international community.
Le scientifique a reçu des éloges de la part de la communauté internationale.
B1 noun freɪzɪz

phrases

phrases
Meaning
A small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause.
Example
Learn common phrases for daily use.
Apprenez des phrases courantes pour un usage quotidien.
B2 noun /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/

psychology

psychologie
Meaning
the scientific study of the mind and behavior
Example
Psychology helps us understand how people think and act.
La psychologie nous aide à comprendre comment les gens pensent et agissent.
C2 noun /ˈpɒl.iˌθi.ɪz.əm/

polytheism

polythéisme
Meaning
the belief in or worship of multiple gods
Example
Ancient Greeks practiced polytheism, worshiping gods like Zeus and Athena.
Les anciens Grecs pratiquaient le polythéisme, en adorant des dieux comme Zeus et Athéna.
C1 verb /pɜːrtʃ/

perch

se poser sur quelque chose de haut ou étroit
Meaning
To sit or rest on something high or narrow.
Example
The bird perched on the fence.
L'oiseau s'est perché sur la clôture.
B2 noun /pliː/

Plea

plaidoyer; demande; excuse
Meaning
an urgent and emotional request; a defendant's formal response to a criminal charge; an excuse or justification
Example
She made a plea for help during the emergency.
Elle a fait une demande d'aide pendant l'urgence.
C1 adjective /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪˌteɪtɪd/

premeditated

prémédité
Meaning
planned in advance; done deliberately
Example
The crime was clearly premeditated.
Le crime était clairement prémédité.
B2 adjective /ˈpʌz.lɪŋ/

Puzzling

déroutant
Meaning
confusing; perplexing;
Example
The scientist found the results puzzling.
Le scientifique a trouvé les résultats déroutants.
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

prolonger
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
Les négociations ont été prolongées pendant plusieurs mois.
B2 noun /prəˈtɛktər/

protector

protecteur
Meaning
a person or thing that protects someone or something
Example
The dog was seen as the family's protector.
Le chien était considéré comme le protecteur de la famille.
A2 phrasal verb /pɪk ʌp/

pick up

ramasser; prendre; apprendre
Meaning
to lift something; to collect or receive someone or something; to learn or acquire gradually; to improve or increase
Example
She picked up the book from the floor.
Elle a ramassé le livre par terre.
C2 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɔːri/

prohibitory

interdisant
Meaning
Serving or tending to prohibit or forbid.
Example
The prohibitory laws were strictly enforced in the region.
Les lois interdisant ont été strictement appliquées dans la région.
C1 noun /ˈpræɡmətɪst/

pragmatist

pragmatique
Meaning
A person who deals with things in a practical and realistic way.
Example
He is a true pragmatist who values results over ideals.
Il est un véritable pragmatique qui valorise les résultats plus que les idéaux.
B1 verb /ˈpʌzəl/

puzzle

casse-tête
Meaning
to confuse or perplex; to think hard about something
Example
The math problem will puzzle even the experts.
Le problème de mathématiques troublera même les experts.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪ.mər/ (US), /ˈprɪm.ər/ (UK)

primer

manuel introductif, apprêt
Meaning
A basic introductory book or a substance used to prepare a surface for painting.
Example
He read a primer on programming before starting his course.
Il a lu un manuel d'introduction à la programmation avant de commencer son cours.
C2 adjective /ˈpʌkɪʃ/

puckish

espiègle
Meaning
playfully mischievous
Example
The child gave a puckish grin before hiding the toy.
L'enfant a donné un sourire espiègle avant de cacher le jouet.
C1 verb pɚˈpɛtʃ.u.eɪt

perpetuate

maintenir quelque chose en fonctionnement continu ou le conserver pendant longtemps
Meaning
To keep something continuously running or maintain it for a long time.
Example
The media can sometimes perpetuate harmful stereotypes.
Les médias peuvent parfois perpétuer des stéréotypes nuisibles.
C2 adjective /pəˈrɒnɪməs/

paronymous

paronymes
Meaning
Words that are derived from the same root or sound alike.
Example
The words 'effect' and 'effective' are paronymous.
Les mots ‘effect’ et ‘effective’ sont des paronymes.
C1 adjective /pərˈmɪsəbl̩/

permissible

permis
Meaning
allowed or permitted by rules or law
Example
It is permissible to park here after 6 p.m.
Il est permis de se garer ici après 18h.
B2 noun /ˌpɛnɪˈtreɪʃən/

penetration

pénétration
Meaning
The act of piercing or entering into something.
Example
The company's market penetration grew rapidly.
La pénétration du marché de l'entreprise a rapidement augmenté.
C2 noun /paɪər/

pyre

bûcher funéraire
Meaning
A heap of combustible material, especially one used for burning a corpse as part of a funeral ceremony.
Example
The villagers built a pyre to honor the deceased.
Les villageois ont construit un bûcher pour honorer le défunt.
C2 verb /preɪt/

prate

bavarder de manière insensée
Meaning
to talk foolishly or at tedious length about something
Example
He would prate endlessly about his minor achievements.
Il parlait sans fin de ses petites réussites.
C2 adjective /ˈprɒmɪsəri/

promissory

promissoire
Meaning
Containing or conveying a promise, especially in writing.
Example
He signed a promissory note to repay the loan.
Il a signé un billet à ordre pour rembourser le prêt.
B2 noun /plæˈtoʊ/

plateau

plateau, zone plate élevée, période de peu de changement
Meaning
an elevated flat area of land or a period of little change
Example
After months of growth, sales reached a plateau.
Après des mois de croissance, les ventes ont atteint un plateau.
C1 adjective /ˈpjuːtrɪd/

putrid

pourri
Meaning
decayed and emitting a foul smell
Example
The garbage smelled putrid after days in the sun.
Les ordures sentaient pourries après plusieurs jours sous le soleil.
C1 adjective /ˈpen.ɪ.ləs/

Penniless

sans argent; extrêmement pauvre; complètement sans fonds
Meaning
having no money; extremely poor; completely without funds
Example
After losing his job, he became penniless.
Après avoir perdu son emploi, il est devenu sans argent.
B1 noun /piːtʃ/

Peach

pêche
Meaning
a soft round fruit with fuzzy skin, sweet flesh, and a large pit in the center
Example
The peach was perfectly ripe and juicy when I bit into it.
La pêche était parfaitement mûre et juteuse lorsque je l'ai mordue.
C1 verb /pərˈtɜːrb/

perturb

perturber
Meaning
To disturb or unsettle greatly in mind.
Example
The sudden noise perturbed the students during the exam.
Le bruit soudain a perturbé les étudiants pendant l'examen.
A2 verb /pʊʃ/

push

pousser
Meaning
to exert force to move something away from oneself; to press against
Example
Push the button to ring the bell.
Appuyez sur le bouton pour faire sonner la cloche.
C1 noun /pɒmp/

pomp

pompe, splendeur
Meaning
ceremonial display or splendor; grandeur
Example
The graduation ceremony was full of pomp and circumstance.
La cérémonie de remise des diplômes était pleine de pompe et de splendeur.
B2 adjective prɪˈlɪm.ɪ.nər.i

preliminary

préliminaire
Meaning
Denoting an action or event preceding or done in preparation for something fuller or more important.
Example
Preliminary steps are crucial before the main project.
Les étapes préliminaires sont cruciales avant le projet principal.
A2 adjective /ˈprɒpər/

proper

approprié
Meaning
conforming to accepted standards of behavior or morality
Example
He made sure to wear proper attire for the interview.
Il s'est assuré de porter des vêtements appropriés pour l'entretien.
B2 noun /ˈpæθweɪ/

pathway

chemin
Meaning
a route or course along which something travels or progresses
Example
The narrow pathway led to the hidden garden.
Le chemin étroit menait au jardin caché.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/

personable

charmant
Meaning
having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly
Example
The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.
Le nouveau professeur est très charmant et facile à aborder.
C1 noun /ˈprɒv.ɜːb/

Proverb

bonheur
Meaning
a short saying that expresses a general truth or gives advice
Example
The proverb 'Early to bed, early to rise' teaches us about good habits.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 adjective /pjuːˈtrɛsənt/

putrescent

en décomposition
Meaning
undergoing the process of decay; rotting
Example
The putrescent odor made everyone leave the room.
L'odeur en décomposition fit fuir tout le monde hors de la pièce.
B1 adjective /ˈprɛɡnənt/

pregnant

enceinte; significatif
Meaning
having a child developing in the womb; also, full of meaning or significance
Example
She announced that she was three months pregnant.
Elle a annoncé qu'elle était enceinte de trois mois.
B2 noun /ˈpæd.ɪŋ/

padding

rembourrage / matelassage
Meaning
soft material added for comfort, protection, or to fill space
Example
The chair had extra padding for comfort.
La chaise avait des coussins supplémentaires pour plus de confort.
C2 noun /ˈpoʊltɪs/

poultice

cataplasme chaud aux herbes
Meaning
a soft, moist mass of material applied to the body to relieve soreness and inflammation
Example
The nurse applied a warm poultice to his injured leg.
L'infirmière a appliqué un cataplasme chaud sur sa jambe blessée.
B2 noun /ˈprɛmɪs/

premise

prémisse / bâtiment
Meaning
a statement or idea on which reasoning or an argument is based; also a building or property
Example
His argument was based on a false premise.
Son argument était basé sur une fausse prémisse.
B2 verb /ˌpɜːrsəˈvɪr/

persevere

persévérer
Meaning
to continue trying to achieve something despite difficulty or delay
Example
He persevered through many failures before succeeding.
Il persévéra à travers de nombreux échecs avant de réussir.
C1 noun /pɪˌdɛs.tri.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

pedestrianization

pédestrianisation
Meaning
Making areas pedestrian-friendly, closing any area to vehicle traffic and making it open only for pedestrians.
Example
The pedestrianization of city centers reduces pollution.
La piétonnisation des centres-villes réduit la pollution.
C2 noun /ˈpær.ɪ.saɪd/

parricide

parricide
Meaning
The act of killing one's father, mother, or other close relative.
Example
The court tried him for parricide after the tragic incident.
Le tribunal l'a jugé pour parricide après l'incident tragique.
B2 noun /ˈprəʊsesə/

processor

processeur
Meaning
a machine or device that processes something, especially a computer's central processing unit (CPU)
Example
The new laptop has a faster processor.
Le nouvel ordinateur portable possède un processeur plus rapide.
B1 noun ˈproʊtest

protest

protestation
Meaning
A statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something.
Example
Students organized a protest.
Les étudiants ont organisé une manifestation.
B2 adjective /ˈpæʃənət/

passionate

passionné
Meaning
showing or caused by strong feelings or a strong belief
Example
He is passionate about environmental conservation.
Il est passionné par la conservation de l'environnement.
B2 adjective /prəˈfaʊnd/

profound

profond
Meaning
Very great or intense; having deep insight or understanding.
Example
The speech had a profound impact on the audience.
Le discours a eu un impact profond sur l'auditoire.
C1 noun /ˌpændəˈmoʊniəm/

pandemonium

panique
Meaning
Wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.
Example
When the concert was canceled, pandemonium broke out among the crowd.
Lorsque le concert a été annulé, le pandémonium a éclaté parmi la foule.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

irritable
Meaning
Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.
Example
The child grew peevish when denied candy.
L'enfant est devenu irritable lorsqu'on lui a refusé des bonbons.
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

présumé
Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
Elle est la candidate présumée pour le parti.
A1 noun /ˈpɛərənt/

parent

parents
Meaning
a mother or father of a person or animal
Example
Both of his parents are teachers.
Les deux parents de cet enfant sont enseignants.
B2 adjective /ˈpæsɪv/

passive

passif; (grammaire) voix passive
Meaning
not actively responding or participating; in grammar, denoting the voice in which the subject undergoes the action
Example
Instead of taking charge, he remained passive during the meeting.
Au lieu de prendre les rênes, il est resté passif lors de la réunion.
B2 noun prəˈvɪʒ.ənz

provisions

dispositions
Meaning
A condition or requirement in a legal document; clauses or stipulations.
Example
Provisions must align with public aspirations.
Les dispositions doivent être en accord avec les aspirations publiques.
B2 noun ˈpeɪtriəˌtɪzəm

patriotism

patriotisme
Meaning
The quality of being patriotic; devotion to and vigorous support for one's country.
Example
Victory Day reflects the patriotism of the entire nation.
Le Jour de la Victoire reflète le patriotisme de toute la nation.
C2 noun /ˈfærɪsiː/

pharisee

personne hypocrite
Meaning
A member of an ancient Jewish sect; by extension, a self-righteous or hypocritical person.
Example
He acted like a pharisee, judging others while ignoring his own faults.
Il agissait comme un pharisien, jugeant les autres tout en ignorant ses propres défauts.
C2 noun /ˌpaɪrəˈmeɪniə/

pyromania

désir incontrôlable de mettre le feu à des choses
Meaning
An uncontrollable desire to set things on fire.
Example
The suspect was diagnosed with pyromania after repeated incidents of arson.
Le suspect a été diagnostiqué avec la pyromanie après plusieurs incidents d'incendie criminel.
C2 noun /ˈfænˌtæzəm/

phantasm

fantôme
Meaning
an illusion, ghost, or figment of the imagination
Example
The child claimed to see a phantasm in the old house.
L'enfant prétendait avoir vu un fantôme dans la vieille maison.
C2 adjective /ˈprəʊ.lɪks/

prolix

trop long
Meaning
using too many words; tediously lengthy
Example
The professor’s prolix lecture put many students to sleep.
Le cours prolixe du professeur a endormi de nombreux étudiants.
C1 adjective /ˌpæn.əˈmer.ɪ.kən/

Pan-American

Panaméricain
Meaning
relating to all the countries of North, Central, and South America
Example
The Pan-American Games bring together athletes from across the continent.
Les Jeux panaméricains rassemblent des athlètes de tout le continent.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

fleur de la passion
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vigne de la fleur de la passion a couvert le mur du jardin avec de magnifiques fleurs.
C2 adjective /ˌprɒvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

providential

providentiel
Meaning
occurring at a favorable or opportune time, as if guided by divine intervention
Example
Their timely rescue was considered providential.
Leur sauvetage opportun a été considéré comme providentiel.
B2 noun /ˈpred.ə.ses.ər/

Predecessor

prédécesseur
Meaning
a person who held a job or office before the current holder; something that came before another thing
Example
The new manager learned from his predecessor's mistakes.
Le nouveau manager a appris des erreurs de son prédécesseur.
A2 noun /ˈpjuːpəl/

pupil

élève; pupille
Meaning
a student, especially a young one; the central opening of the eye that lets in light
Example
The pupil listened carefully to the teacher during class.
L’élève a écouté attentivement le professeur.
C1 adjective /ˈpærəmaʊnt/

paramount

de la plus haute importance
Meaning
more important than anything else; supreme
Example
Safety is of paramount importance in this factory.
La sécurité est de la plus haute importance dans cette usine.
C2 noun /poʊˈzɜːr/

poseur

poseur
Meaning
A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to impress others.
Example
Many considered him a poseur because he exaggerated his accomplishments.
Beaucoup le considéraient comme un poseur parce qu'il exagérait ses réalisations.
C2 noun /ˈprɪvɪti/

privity

relation privée, relation contractuelle
Meaning
A close, private, or special relationship; in law, the direct connection between parties to a contract.
Example
There was no privity of contract between the supplier and the customer.
Il n'y avait pas de relation contractuelle entre le fournisseur et le client.
C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

probité
Meaning
The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
Example
The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.
Le juge a été admiré pour son intégrité et sa probité.
B2 adjective /ˈpaʊərləs/

powerless

impuissant
Meaning
without ability, influence, or strength
Example
She felt powerless against the unfair system.
Elle se sentait impuissante contre le système injuste.
B1 noun pəˈfɔː.məns

performance

performance
Meaning
The action or process of carrying out or accomplishing an action, task, or function.
Example
Performance improvements boost confidence.
Les améliorations des performances augmentent la confiance.
B2 noun /pætʃ/

Patch

pièce
Meaning
a small piece of material used to mend a hole; a small area of something different
Example
She sewed a patch over the hole in her jeans.
Elle a cousu une pièce sur le trou dans son jean.
C1 adjective /ˈpæs.ə.bəl/

passable

passable
Meaning
good enough to be accepted, though not excellent
Example
The road is barely passable after the storm.
La route est à peine passable après la tempête.
A2 verb /pɒp/

pop

éclater
Meaning
to make a short, sharp sound, or to burst or break with such a sound
Example
The balloon popped when I accidentally pricked it with a pin.
Le ballon a éclaté lorsque je l'ai accidentellement piqué avec une épingle.
B2 adjective /prɪˈdɒmɪnənt/

predominant

prédominant
Meaning
Having superior strength, influence, or authority; most common or noticeable.
Example
The predominant color in the painting is blue.
La couleur prédominante dans la peinture est bleue.
C1 noun /ˈpəʊstˌskrɪpt/

postscript

post-scriptum
Meaning
an additional remark at the end of a letter or text, after the signature
Example
She added a brief postscript to thank him again.
Elle a ajouté une brève post-scriptum pour le remercier à nouveau.
C1 verb /prəˈkjʊər/

procure

acquérir
Meaning
to obtain something, especially with effort or difficulty
Example
They managed to procure enough supplies for the expedition.
Ils ont réussi à se procurer suffisamment de fournitures pour l'expédition.
B2 adjective /ˈpɔɪn.tɪd/

Pointed

pointu; direct et sans ambiguïté
Meaning
having a sharp end; direct and unambiguous
Example
She made a pointed remark about his behavior.
Elle a fait une remarque directe sur son comportement.
A2 adjective /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lər/

Popular

populaire
Meaning
liked or admired by many people; well-known and widely accepted
Example
This restaurant is very popular among young people.
Ce restaurant est très populaire parmi les jeunes.
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːɪsənt/

puissant

puissant
Meaning
having great power or influence; mighty
Example
The king was a puissant ruler whose word was law.
Le roi était un souverain puissant dont la parole faisait loi.
B2 noun/verb /preɪ/

prey

proie
Meaning
an animal hunted by another for food; to hunt and feed on
Example
Lions prey on zebras in the wild.
Les lions chassent les zèbres dans la nature.
C1 adjective prɪˈkeə.ri.əs

precarious

précaire
Meaning
Not securely held or in position; dependent on chance; uncertain.
Example
His financial situation is precarious.
Sa situation financière est précaire.
B2 verb /plʌk/

pluck

arracher, rassembler du courage
Meaning
to take hold of and quickly remove; to gather courage or determination
Example
She plucked a flower from the garden.
Elle a cueilli une fleur dans le jardin.
B2 noun /prɪˈdɪk.ʃən/

Prediction

prédiction
Meaning
a statement about what will happen in the future; a forecast
Example
The weather prediction says it will rain tomorrow.
La prédiction météorologique dit qu'il pleuvra demain.
C1 noun /ˈpraɪməsi/

primacy

primauté
Meaning
the state of being first in importance or authority
Example
The primacy of education cannot be denied.
La primauté de l'éducation ne peut être niée.
A2 noun /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/

painting

peinture
Meaning
a picture or design made using paint
Example
The painting on the wall was created by a famous artist.
La peinture sur le mur a été créée par un artiste célèbre.
B2 adjective /ˈpraɪ.ər/

Prior

préalable
Meaning
existing or coming before in time; previous; earlier
Example
You need prior approval before making any changes to the system.
Vous avez besoin d'une approbation préalable avant d'apporter des modifications au système.
C1 noun /ˈprɒvɪdəns/

providence

providence divine
Meaning
the protective care of God or nature as a spiritual power; foresight or prudence
Example
They believed their survival was due to divine providence.
Ils croyaient que leur survie était due à la providence divine.
C2 noun /ˌprɪnsɪˈpæləti/

principality

principauté
Meaning
a state ruled by a prince
Example
Monaco is a famous principality in Europe.
Monaco est une principauté célèbre en Europe.
C1 verb /priːn/

preen

se préparer
Meaning
To groom or dress oneself with care; to show pride in one's appearance.
Example
She preened in front of the mirror before leaving for the party.
Elle se préparait devant le miroir avant de partir pour la fête.
C1 adjective /ˈpɔːrəs/

porous

poreux
Meaning
Having tiny holes that allow liquid or air to pass through.
Example
The soil is very porous and drains quickly.
Le sol est très poreux et draine rapidement.
C1 noun prɪˈdɪk.ə.mənt

predicament

situation difficile
Meaning
A difficult, unpleasant, or embarrassing situation.
Example
Losing both jobs put him in a financial predicament.
Perdre les deux emplois l'a mis dans une situation financière difficile.
C2 noun /ˈpɜːrljuː/

purlieu

zone périphérique
Meaning
The area near or surrounding a place; an outlying or neighboring district.
Example
They spent the afternoon exploring the purlieus of the ancient city.
Ils ont passé l'après-midi à explorer les purlieus de la ville ancienne.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistant
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
Le vendeur était trop insistant, ce qui a fait fuir les clients.
B2 noun /prəˈvɪʒ.ən/

Provision

provision
Meaning
supplies of food and other necessary things; arrangement or preparation
Example
The government made provision for emergency supplies during the flood.
Le gouvernement a pris des dispositions pour les fournitures d'urgence pendant l'inondation.
B1 noun /pəˈsɪf.ɪk ˈoʊ.ʃən/

Pacific Ocean

Océan Pacifique
Meaning
The largest and deepest ocean on Earth, stretching from Asia to the Americas.
Example
The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean on Earth.
L'océan Pacifique est le plus grand océan de la Terre.
C1 noun/verb /ˈprɛdɪkət/ (noun), /ˈprɛdɪkeɪt/ (verb)

predicate

prédicat / fonder sur
Meaning
noun: the part of a sentence that tells something about the subject; verb: to base or establish something on a particular idea
Example
His theory is predicated on sound research.
Sa théorie est fondée sur des recherches solides.
C1 noun prəˈkjʊrmənt

procurement

acquisition
Meaning
The action of obtaining or procuring something, especially for official purposes.
Example
The procurement of modern equipment has improved research accuracy.
L'acquisition d'équipement moderne a amélioré la précision des recherches.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊl.stɑːr/

Polestar

étoile polaire
Meaning
a bright star that appears to stay in the same position in the sky and is used for navigation
Example
Sailors used the polestar to navigate across the ocean.
Les marins ont utilisé l'étoile polaire pour naviguer à travers l'océan.
C2 noun /pʌntʃ ˈfoʊrən/

Panch Phoron

panch phoron
Meaning
a Bengali spice blend containing five whole spices: cumin, fennel, fenugreek, nigella, and mustard seeds
Example
The aroma filled the kitchen when she heated panch phoron in oil.
L'arôme a rempli la cuisine lorsqu'elle a chauffé le panch phoron dans de l'huile.
C2 noun ˌpɜː.tɪˈnæs.ɪ.ti

pertinacity

détermination ferme et persévérance
Meaning
Firm determination and persistence in achieving something.
Example
His pertinacity in achieving his goals was inspiring.
Sa détermination inébranlable à atteindre ses objectifs était inspirante.
C2 noun ˈfaɪ.təʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts

phytonutrients

phytonutriments
Meaning
Bioactive compounds found in plants that have health benefits beyond basic nutrition.
Example
Green tea contains powerful phytonutrients.
Le thé vert contient des phytonutriments puissants.
C1 adjective pərˈnɪʃəs

pernicious

nocif, pernicieux
Meaning
Having a harmful effect, especially in a gradual or subtle way.
Example
The pernicious effects of smoking are well-documented.
Les effets nuisibles du tabagisme sont bien documentés.
C1 adjective /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

physiological

relatif aux fonctions et activités corporelles
Meaning
Relating to bodily functions and activities.
Example
Exercise improves physiological functions of the body.
L'exercice améliore les fonctions physiologiques du corps.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɪdiəs/

perfidious

traître
Meaning
deceitful and untrustworthy
Example
The spy was executed for his perfidious actions.
L'espion a été exécuté pour ses actions perfides.
B2 noun /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/

physicist

physicien
Meaning
a scientist who studies or specializes in physics
Example
The physicist explained the theory of relativity to the students.
Le physicien a expliqué la théorie de la relativité aux étudiants.
C1 adverb /ˈpiːs.miːl/

Piecemeal

par morceaux; en petits morceaux
Meaning
done or made gradually, one piece at a time; fragmentary; unsystematic
Example
The renovation was done piecemeal over several years due to budget constraints.
La rénovation a été faite petit à petit sur plusieurs années en raison des contraintes budgétaires.
C2 adjective /ˌfærɪˈseɪɪkəl/

pharisaical

pharisaïque
Meaning
Excessively concerned with formal rules or outward show of morality, often in a hypocritical way.
Example
His pharisaical behavior made people doubt his sincerity.
Son comportement pharisaïque a fait douter les gens de sa sincérité.
C2 noun /ˈpæsɪt/

Passet

fromage blanc
Meaning
Fresh cheese curds; cottage cheese made from curdled milk
Example
The cook prepared fresh passet by curdling warm milk with lemon juice.
Le cuisinier a préparé du fromage blanc frais en caillant du lait chaud avec du jus de citron.
B2 noun /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/

partnership

partenariat
Meaning
the state of being a partner or a group of partners
Example
Our partnership has helped both companies grow.
Notre partenariat a aidé les deux entreprises à se développer.
C1 noun /ˈprɒmɪnəns/

prominence

notoriété
Meaning
The state of being important, famous, or easily noticed.
Example
Her work gained prominence after the award.
Son travail a gagné en notoriété après le prix.
B1 noun /ˈpɑr.dən/

Pardon

pardon; excuse;
Meaning
forgiveness; the action of forgiving or being forgiven for an error or offense
Example
I beg your pardon for interrupting the meeting.
Je vous demande pardon pour avoir interrompu la réunion.
C2 noun /ˈpɛtrəˌɡræf/

petrograph

description des roches
Meaning
a description or representation of rocks, especially in detailed scientific writing
Example
The scientist studied the petrograph to understand the rock composition.
Le scientifique a étudié le pétrographe pour comprendre la composition de la roche.
B2 verb /pɔːˈtreɪ/

portray

dépeindre
Meaning
to describe or represent something or someone in a work of art or literature
Example
The novel portrays a vivid picture of life in the countryside.
Le roman dépeint une image vivante de la vie à la campagne.
C2 adjective /ˈprɪɡɪʃ/

priggish

moraliste et prétentieux
Meaning
self-righteously moralistic and superior
Example
He came across as priggish when correcting everyone's manners.
Il semblait moraliste et prétentieux lorsqu'il corrigeait les manières de tout le monde.
B2 verb /ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ/

purify

purifier
Meaning
to make clean or pure; to remove impurities
Example
This filter will purify the water effectively.
Ce filtre purifiera l'eau de manière efficace.
C1 verb /ˌpriːdɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

predetermine

prédéterminer
Meaning
to establish or decide something in advance
Example
The outcome of the match seemed predetermined.
Le résultat du match semblait prédéterminé.
C2 noun /prɪˈpɒndərəns/

preponderance

prépondérance
Meaning
The quality or fact of being greater in number, quantity, or importance.
Example
There was a preponderance of evidence against the defendant.
Il y avait une prépondérance de preuves contre l'accusé.