perfumery
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C1 noun /pəˈfjuː.mər.i/

perfumery

industrie de la parfumerie
Meaning
the art, business, or products of making perfumes
Example
She works in a perfumery that creates luxury scents.
Elle travaille dans une parfumerie qui crée des senteurs de luxe.
C1 noun /ˈbraɪ.dəl/

Bridle

bride; mors
Meaning
the headgear used to control a horse, consisting of buckled straps and a bit
Example
The rider adjusted the horse's bridle before mounting for the race.
Le cavalier a ajusté le filet du cheval avant de le monter pour la course.
C1 noun /məˈleɪz/

malaise

malaise
Meaning
a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify
Example
After the long journey, she felt a general malaise.
Après le long voyage, elle a ressenti un malaise général.
B2 verb /dɪˈplɔɪ/

deploy

déployer
Meaning
to position strategically; to use effectively
Example
The military will deploy troops to the border.
L'armée déploiera des troupes à la frontière.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

engrained

profondément enraciné, difficile à changer
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; difficult to change.
Example
Cultural practices are often deeply engrained in the fabric of society.
Les pratiques culturelles sont souvent profondément enracinées dans le tissu de la société.
C2 adjective /ˌæn.θrə.pəˈdʒen.ɪk/

anthropogenic

anthropogénique
Meaning
Originating in human activity; caused by humans.
Example
Climate change is largely due to anthropogenic activities.
Le changement climatique est en grande partie dû à des activités anthropogéniques.
A1 pronoun /ðoʊz/

those

ceux
Meaning
used to refer to people or things that are far away or distant in space, time, or thought
Example
Those are the shoes I want.
Ceux sont les chaussures que je veux.
C1 noun /kəˈpɪl.ər.iz/

capillaries

capillaires
Meaning
Any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.
Example
Broken capillaries cause dark circles.
Les capillaires cassés causent des cernes.
C2 noun /dɪˈmeɪn/

demesne

terres attachées à un manoir
Meaning
Land attached to a manor and retained for the owner's use.
Example
The castle was surrounded by its vast demesne.
Le château était entouré par ses vastes terres attachées à un manoir.
B2 noun /ˈpen neɪm/

Pen-name

pseudonyme
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name; a pseudonym
Example
Mark Twain was the pen-name of Samuel Clemens.
Mark Twain était le pseudonyme de Samuel Clemens.
C2 noun /ˌkiː ˈviːv/

qui vive

alerte
Meaning
A state of alertness or vigilance.
Example
The guards were on the qui vive during the night.
Les gardes étaient en alerte pendant la nuit.
A2 adjective /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/

european

européen
Meaning
Relating to Europe or its people.
Example
She studied European history at university.
Elle a étudié l'histoire européenne à l'université.
C2 noun ˈɛn.ɡræm

Engram

Signaux physiques dans le cerveau pour le stockage et la récupération de la mémoire
Meaning
Physical signs or patterns in the brain for memory storage and retrieval
Example
Scientists study engrams to understand how memories are stored.
Les scientifiques étudient les engrammes pour comprendre comment les souvenirs sont stockés.
A2 number /ˈfɪfti/

fifty

cinquante
Meaning
the number 50
Example
The stadium can hold fifty thousand people.
Le stade peut accueillir cinquante mille personnes.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑː.nɪʃ/

garnish

garnir
Meaning
To decorate food with small items for added flavor or visual appeal.
Example
She garnished the dish with fresh coriander leaves.
Elle a garni le plat avec des feuilles fraîches de coriandre.
B2 noun /ˈkætəlɔːɡ/

catalog

catalogue
Meaning
a complete list of items, typically arranged systematically
Example
The library provides an online catalog of all available books.
La bibliothèque offre un catalogue en ligne de tous les livres disponibles.
B2 adjective /ˈsɪvɪk/

civic

civique
Meaning
relating to a city, town, or the duties of its citizens
Example
The mayor encouraged people to take part in civic activities.
Le maire a encouragé les gens à participer aux activités civiques.
C2 adjective /ˈmɒn.teɪn/

montane

relatif aux régions montagneuses; trouvé dans les environnements montagneux
Meaning
Relating to mountainous regions; found in mountain environments.
Example
Montane forests host a variety of unique species.
Les forêts montagnardes abritent une variété d'espèces uniques.
A1 verb /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/

enjoy

apprécier
Meaning
to take pleasure in; to have a good time
Example
I enjoy reading books in my free time.
J'aime lire des livres pendant mon temps libre.
C1 noun /ˈlaɪk.nəs/

Likeness

ressemblance; similitude
Meaning
the fact or quality of being alike; resemblance; a portrait or representation
Example
The portrait shows a strong likeness to her grandmother.
Le portrait montre une forte ressemblance avec sa grand-mère.
B2 noun /ˈhæn.di.krɑːft/

Handicraft

artisanat
Meaning
an activity involving the making of decorative domestic or other objects with the hands; handmade artistic work
Example
The local market featured beautiful handicrafts made by skilled artisans from the region.
Le marché local présentait de magnifiques artisanats fabriqués par des artisans qualifiés de la région.
B2 adjective /ˈfeɪvərəbəl/

favorable

favorable
Meaning
expressing approval or support; advantageous
Example
The weather conditions were favorable for the outdoor event.
Les conditions météorologiques étaient favorables pour l'événement en plein air.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Unmanageable

ingérable; hors de contrôle
Meaning
difficult or impossible to control or handle
Example
The large class became unmanageable without proper supervision.
La grande classe est devenue ingérable sans une supervision adéquate.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnəˌreɪtɪd/

venerated

vénéré
Meaning
respected and admired deeply
Example
The venerated professor was honored with an award.
Le professeur vénéré a été honoré d'un prix.
C2 noun /əˈkwɪtəns/

acquittance

quittance
Meaning
a written receipt acknowledging payment or discharge of a debt
Example
He demanded an acquittance after paying the loan.
Il a exigé une quittance après avoir payé le prêt.
C2 adjective /droʊl/

droll

drôle
Meaning
curious or unusual in a way that provokes dry amusement
Example
He had a droll sense of humor that made everyone laugh.
Il avait un sens de l'humour drôle qui faisait rire tout le monde.
C2 noun /ˈmæl.kənˌtɛnt/

malcontent

personne mécontente
Meaning
A person who is dissatisfied or rebellious; one who is not content.
Example
The malcontent voiced his grievances against the government.
La personne mécontente a exprimé ses plaintes contre le gouvernement.
C2 adjective /juːˈdʒɛnɪk/

eugenic

génétique
Meaning
Relating to or aiming at improving the genetic quality of a population.
Example
In the early 20th century, some scientists supported eugenic policies.
Au début du 20e siècle, certains scientifiques ont soutenu les politiques eugénistes.
C2 adjective /ˌpɪkəˈrɛsk/

picaresque

histoire d'un héros malicieux
Meaning
relating to a style of fiction depicting the adventures of a roguish hero
Example
The novel is a picaresque tale of a clever vagabond.
Le roman est une histoire picaresque d'un vagabond rusé.
B2 adjective /ˈniː.di/

Needy

démuni; pauvre; nécessiteux
Meaning
requiring help or support; poor; lacking basic necessities
Example
The charity helps needy families during the winter.
La charité aide les familles nécessiteuses pendant l'hiver.
B2 noun /ˈtrædʒ.ə.di/

Tragedy

tragédie; catastrophe
Meaning
an event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress; a serious drama with an unhappy ending
Example
The earthquake was a tragedy that affected thousands of families.
Le tremblement de terre a été une tragédie qui a affecté des milliers de familles.
B2 noun /bluːz/

blues

blues
Meaning
a feeling of sadness; a style of music with melancholy themes
Example
Listening to blues music always calms him down.
Écouter de la musique blues le calme toujours.
B2 noun /ˈsiːkər/

seeker

chercheur
Meaning
a person who is looking for something, especially knowledge or truth
Example
The seeker traveled far to find the answers to his questions.
Le chercheur a voyagé loin pour trouver les réponses à ses questions.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪlkən/

Silken

en soie; doux; lisse;
Meaning
made of silk; smooth and soft like silk
Example
She wore a beautiful silken dress to the party.
Elle portait une belle robe en soie à la fête.
C2 noun /ˌɔːrdɪˈneɪʃən/

ordination

ordination
Meaning
The ceremony of conferring holy orders or official religious authority.
Example
The church held a special service for the ordination of new priests.
L'église a organisé un service spécial pour l'ordination de nouveaux prêtres.
C1 noun /ˈten.jər/

Tenure

mandat
Meaning
the period of time during which someone holds an office or position
Example
During his tenure as CEO, the company expanded globally.
Pendant son mandat en tant que PDG, l'entreprise s'est étendue à l'échelle mondiale.
C1 noun /pəˈsweɪsɪvnes/

persuasiveness

persuasion
Meaning
The quality of being good at persuading someone to do or believe something.
Example
Her persuasiveness convinced the team to follow her suggestions.
Sa persuasion a convaincu l'équipe de suivre ses suggestions.
C1 noun /əˈstuːt.nəs/

astuteness

astuce
Meaning
The ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage.
Example
His astuteness helped in negotiations.
Son astuce a aidé dans les négociations.
C2 noun /ˈtɜːrnkoʊt/

turncoat

traître
Meaning
a person who switches allegiance, often betraying a cause or group
Example
He was branded a turncoat after joining the rival political party.
Il a été qualifié de traître après avoir rejoint le parti politique rival.
A2 noun /ˈtel.ɪˌvɪʒ.ən/

Television

télévision
Meaning
an electronic device for receiving and displaying television broadcasts
Example
My family watches television together every evening.
Ma famille regarde la télévision ensemble chaque soir.
C1 verb, noun /lɜːrtʃ/

lurch

tituber, faire un mouvement brusque
Meaning
to make an abrupt, unsteady, or uncontrolled movement; a sudden movement or stagger
Example
The bus lurched forward as the driver hit the brakes.
Le bus a titubé en avant lorsque le conducteur a appuyé sur les freins.
C2 noun /ˈænɪməs/

animus

hostilité / but
Meaning
A strong feeling of hostility; motivation or purpose behind an action.
Example
His speech was driven by animus against the policy.
Son discours était motivé par l'hostilité envers la politique.
C2 noun /ˈproʊbɪti/

probity

probité
Meaning
The quality of having strong moral principles; honesty and decency.
Example
The judge was admired for his integrity and probity.
Le juge a été admiré pour son intégrité et sa probité.
C1 noun /rɪˈtrækʃən/

retraction

rétractation
Meaning
the act of taking back a statement, promise, or belief
Example
The newspaper issued a retraction of the false report.
Le journal a publié une rétractation du faux rapport.
C2 noun /kwɪˈɛsəns/

quiescence

quiescence
Meaning
A state of quietness, inactivity, or dormancy.
Example
The volcano has been in a state of quiescence for decades.
Le volcan est en état de quiescence depuis des décennies.
C2 verb /nɑːrl/

gnarl

torsader
Meaning
To twist into a knotted or distorted form.
Example
The tree roots began to gnarl around the stones.
Les racines de l'arbre ont commencé à se tordre autour des pierres.
C2 noun /ˈpraɪəri/

priory

prieuré
Meaning
a small monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress
Example
The old priory was converted into a museum.
L'ancien prieuré a été transformé en musée.
C1 verb /broʊtʃ/

broach

aborder
Meaning
to bring up a subject for discussion
Example
She decided to broach the topic of salary with her manager.
Elle a décidé d'aborder le sujet du salaire avec son responsable.
C1 noun /ˈprɒk.tər/

proctor

surveillant d'examen
Meaning
a person who supervises students during an examination
Example
The proctor reminded students to keep their phones switched off.
Le surveillant a rappelé aux étudiants d'éteindre leurs téléphones.
C1 adjective ɪnˈtrɪn.zɪk

intrinsic

intrinsèque, essentiel, naturel
Meaning
Belonging naturally; essential. Existing as a natural or basic part of something.
Example
Creativity is an intrinsic quality of a great artist.
La créativité est une qualité intrinsèque d'un grand artiste.
C1 noun /ˈek.saɪl/

Exile

exil
Meaning
the state of being barred from one's native country; enforced removal from one's homeland
Example
The political leader was forced into exile after the military coup.
Le leader politique a été contraint à l'exil après le coup d'état militaire.
B1 noun ˈdʒʌstɪs

justice

justice
Meaning
Just behavior or treatment; the quality of being fair and reasonable.
Example
Justice is sought by the oppressed characters in the story.
La justice est recherchée par les personnages opprimés dans l'histoire.
C2 adjective /ˌpɒliˈæn.ɪ.ɪʃ/

pollyannaish

excessivement optimiste
Meaning
overly or blindly optimistic
Example
Her pollyannaish attitude ignored the obvious problems.
Son attitude excessivement optimiste ignorait les problèmes évidents.
B2 adjective /ˈpʌz.lɪŋ/

Puzzling

déroutant
Meaning
confusing; perplexing;
Example
The scientist found the results puzzling.
Le scientifique a trouvé les résultats déroutants.
A2 noun /ˈdʌst.bɪn/

Dustbin

poubelle
Meaning
a container for holding waste or garbage before disposal
Example
Please throw the paper into the dustbin after use.
Veuillez jeter le papier dans la poubelle après utilisation.
B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

d'après-guerre
Meaning
relating to the period after a war has ended
Example
The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.
Le pays a connu une croissance rapide dans les années d'après-guerre.
C1 noun /ˈvʌl.tʃər/

Vulture

vautour
Meaning
a large bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion
Example
The vulture circled overhead, waiting for its prey.
Le vautour volait en cercles au-dessus, attendant sa proie.
B1 noun /ˈfɛloʊ/

fellow

camarade
Meaning
a person who shares a common situation, interest, or activity with another
Example
He is a fellow student in my class.
Il est un camarade étudiant dans ma classe.
C1 noun əˈɡrɛriən səˈsaɪətiz

agrarian societies

sociétés agricoles
Meaning
Societies based on agriculture and farming as the primary economic activity.
Example
Agrarian societies emerged from a need for stable food sources.
Les sociétés agricoles ont émergé d'un besoin de sources alimentaires stables.
B1 noun /ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

Vehicles

véhicules
Meaning
machines used for transporting people or goods from one place to another
Example
There are many different types of vehicles on the road today.
Il y a beaucoup de types de véhicules sur la route aujourd'hui.
B2 adjective /ˈɡraʊndɪd/

grounded

équilibré
Meaning
Well balanced and sensible; having a sound basis in reality or fact.
Example
Staying grounded during difficult situations helps with resilience.
Rester grounded pendant les situations difficiles aide à la résilience.
C2 noun /ʃiːf/

sheaf

gerbe de blé
Meaning
a bundle of grain stalks laid lengthwise and tied together after reaping; a bundle of objects tied together
Example
The farmer carried a sheaf of wheat on his shoulder.
Le fermier portait une gerbe de blé sur son épaule.
B2 noun ˈprɑː.sest fuːdz

processed foods

aliments transformés
Meaning
Foods that have been altered from their natural state through various methods such as canning, freezing, refrigeration, dehydration and aseptic processing.
Example
Excessive consumption of processed foods leads to health issues.
La consommation excessive d'aliments transformés entraîne des problèmes de santé.
B1 noun /ˈprɪnsɪpl/

principle

principe
Meaning
A fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior.
Example
Honesty is a key principle of leadership.
L'honnêteté est un principe clé du leadership.
C1 noun sɪˈmɛntɪd ɡreɪv

cemented grave

tombe cimentée
Meaning
A grave that is constructed with cement for permanence.
Example
The cemented grave of the martyrs was seen near the river.
La tombe cimentée des martyrs a été vue près de la rivière.
B2 noun /ˈpɑːs.tʃər/

Posture

bonheur
Meaning
the position in which someone holds their body; a particular attitude or approach
Example
Good posture is important for preventing back pain.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /poʊˈlær.ɪ.ti/

polarity

polarité
Meaning
the state of having two opposite or contradictory tendencies, opinions, or aspects
Example
The polarity between the two political parties is growing stronger.
La polarité entre les deux partis politiques devient de plus en plus forte.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnsaɪˈniː/

consignee

destinataire
Meaning
the person or company to whom goods are delivered
Example
The consignee received the shipment on time.
Le destinataire a reçu l'envoi à temps.
C1 noun ˈdɪk.ʃən

diction

prononciation et choix des mots
Meaning
The style of pronunciation and word choice in speaking or writing.
Example
A strong diction enhances communication skills.
Une forte diction améliore les compétences en communication.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/

insignificant

insignifiant
Meaning
Too small or unimportant to be worth considering.
Example
The cost was so insignificant that nobody noticed it.
Le coût était tellement insignifiant que personne ne l'a remarqué.
B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɛstɪmeɪt/

underestimate

sous-estimer
Meaning
To judge something as less important or smaller than it really is.
Example
Never underestimate the power of teamwork.
Ne sous-estimez jamais la puissance du travail d'équipe.
C2 adjective /ˈbɛərˌfeɪst/

barefaced

effronté
Meaning
shameless and undisguised; openly bold or unashamed
Example
He told a barefaced lie in front of everyone.
Il a raconté un mensonge effronté devant tout le monde.
B2 noun /ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/

termination

résiliation
Meaning
the act of ending something or the state of being ended
Example
The termination of the contract caused financial loss.
La résiliation du contrat a causé une perte financière.
B2 adjective /ˈrʌn daʊn/

run-down

délabré
Meaning
in a poor condition; worn out or neglected
Example
They live in a run-down house at the edge of town.
Ils vivent dans une maison délabrée à la périphérie de la ville.
C1 noun /fiˈæs.koʊ/

fiasco

échec total
Meaning
a complete failure, especially a ludicrous or humiliating one
Example
The event turned into a complete fiasco due to poor planning.
L'événement est devenu un échec total à cause d'une mauvaise planification.
C1 verb /ɪnˈɡreɪv/

engrave

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design, letter, or pattern into a hard surface
Example
The craftsman engraved her name on the silver ring.
L'artisan a gravé son nom sur la bague en argent.
C2 noun /ˈpruːdəri/

prudery

pruderie
Meaning
the behavior or attitude of people who are too easily shocked or offended by sexual matters
Example
His prudery often made others uncomfortable during open discussions.
Sa pruderie rendait souvent les autres mal à l'aise lors des discussions ouvertes.
C1 adjective /əˈvɜːrs/

averse

réticent
Meaning
having a strong dislike of or opposition to something
Example
He was averse to taking unnecessary risks.
Il était réticent à prendre des risques inutiles.
C1 adjective /ˈmænɪfoʊld/

Manifold

multiples
Meaning
many and of several different types; multiple; various
Example
The project has manifold benefits for the community.
Le projet présente de multiples avantages pour la communauté.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊ.baɪˈɒt.ɪks/

probiotics

probiotiques
Meaning
Live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits to the host, especially for digestive health.
Example
Probiotics improve digestion and enhance gut health.
Les probiotiques améliorent la digestion et favorisent la santé intestinale.
B2 noun /ˈpɒm.ɪˌɡræn.ɪt/

Pomegranate

grenade
Meaning
a round fruit with thick red skin containing many small red seeds with juice
Example
The pomegranate seeds were sweet and refreshing.
Les graines de grenade étaient sucrées et rafraîchissantes.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈtru/

Untrue

faux; incorrect
Meaning
not true; false; incorrect
Example
His statement about the incident was completely untrue.
Sa déclaration sur l'incident était complètement fausse.
C1 verb, noun /ˈɡrɪməs/

grimace

grimace
Meaning
to make an ugly, twisted expression on one's face, usually in disgust or pain
Example
He grimaced when he tasted the sour fruit.
Il grimace lorsqu'il goûta le fruit aigre.
B2 noun /ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdiə/

encyclopedia

encyclopédie
Meaning
a book or set of books containing information on many subjects, usually arranged alphabetically
Example
She used an encyclopedia to complete her school project.
Elle a utilisé une encyclopédie pour compléter son projet scolaire.
C2 noun /ɪˈpɪsəl/

epistle

épître
Meaning
A letter, especially a formal or didactic one; often used for letters in the New Testament.
Example
He wrote a long epistle to his friend about his travels.
Il a écrit une longue épître à son ami au sujet de ses voyages.
B1 verb /kəmˈpiːt/

compete

compéter
Meaning
to try to win or be more successful than others in a contest or activity
Example
Several companies compete for dominance in the market.
Plusieurs entreprises se battent pour la domination du marché.
C1 adjective daɪˈvɜː.dʒənt

divergent

divergent
Meaning
Tending to be different or develop in different directions
Example
Divergent policies create challenges in collaboration.
Les politiques divergentes créent des défis dans la collaboration.
C1 adjective /əbˈzɜːrvənt/

Observant

observateur
Meaning
quick to notice things; watchful; attentive
Example
The observant detective noticed every small detail at the crime scene.
Le détective observateur a remarqué chaque petit détail sur la scène du crime.
B1 noun tɪk mɑːrk

tick mark

coche de vérification
Meaning
A mark (✓) used to indicate that something is correct or has been chosen, checked, or dealt with.
Example
I put a tick mark on all the completed tasks.
J'ai mis un coche de vérification sur toutes les tâches terminées.
C2 noun /ˈmɒrəlɪst/

moralist

moraliste
Meaning
A person who teaches or promotes moral principles and values.
Example
The author was known as a strict moralist in his writings.
L'auteur était connu comme un moraliste strict dans ses écrits.
B2 noun /tækˈseɪʃən/

taxation

taxation
Meaning
The system of imposing and collecting taxes.
Example
Taxation is necessary for funding public services.
La taxation est nécessaire pour financer les services publics.
C2 noun /ˌmælˈoʊdər/

malodor

mauvaise odeur
Meaning
An unpleasant smell; bad odor.
Example
The garbage bin gave off a terrible malodor.
La poubelle dégageait une terrible mauvaise odeur.
C1 noun /ˌɒk.sɪ.dʒɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

oxygenation

fourniture ou traitement d'oxygène
Meaning
The process of supplying or treating with oxygen.
Example
Deep breathing exercises improve oxygenation of the body.
Les exercices de respiration profonde améliorent l'oxygénation du corps.
B2 noun ɡrɪd

grid

réseau
Meaning
A network of interconnected lines or a system for distributing electricity over a wide area.
Example
The national power grid must be upgraded.
Le réseau national d'électricité doit être amélioré.
C1 adjective /ˈpʌlməˌneri/

pulmonary

pulmonaire
Meaning
relating to the lungs
Example
The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.
The patient suffered from a serious pulmonary infection.
C2 noun /ˈæltruɪst/

altruist

altruiste
Meaning
a person who has an unselfish concern for the welfare of others
Example
He is an altruist who always puts others' needs before his own.
Il est un altruiste qui met toujours les besoins des autres avant les siens.
B1 adverb /səkˈsɛsfəli/

successfully

avec succès
Meaning
in a way that achieves a desired result
Example
She passed the exam successfully after weeks of studying.
Elle a réussi l'examen avec succès après des semaines d'études.
C2 adjective /ˈnʌpʃəl/

nuptial

nuptial
Meaning
Relating to marriage or weddings.
Example
The couple prepared for their nuptial ceremony with great joy.
Le couple s'est préparé pour leur cérémonie nuptiale avec grande joie.
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

dépendant / contingent
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
La présence dépend de l'inscription préalable. / Un contingent d'étudiants a assisté à la conférence.
B2 adjective /ˈvɜːrtɪkl/

vertical

vertical
Meaning
Standing or pointing straight up; perpendicular to the ground.
Example
The skyscraper has a perfectly vertical design.
Le gratte-ciel a un design parfaitement vertical.
C2 noun /ˈsteɪsɪs/ or /ˈstæsɪs/

stasis

stase
Meaning
A state of inactivity or equilibrium; a situation where nothing changes.
Example
The negotiations reached a state of stasis with no progress made.
Les négociations ont atteint un état de stase sans progrès.
C2 adjective /ˈlæŋɡwɪd/

Languid

languide; paresseux; faible
Meaning
lacking energy or vitality; slow and relaxed; weak or faint
Example
After the long journey, she felt languid and needed to rest.
Après le long voyage, elle se sentait languissante et avait besoin de repos.
C1 noun ˈsɛlf pəˈzɪʃən

self-possession

maîtrise de soi
Meaning
The quality of being calm and confident and in control of one's emotions; composure.
Example
His self-possession during the crisis was remarkable.
Son self-possession pendant la crise était remarquable.
C1 noun /ˌpɜː.mɪˈæbɪlɪti/

permeability

perméabilité, la qualité ou l'état d'être perméable, permettant aux liquides ou aux gaz de passer à travers
Meaning
The quality or state of being permeable; allowing liquids or gases to pass through.
Example
The permeability of the soil affects water retention.
La perméabilité du sol affecte la rétention d'eau.
C1 adjective /ˈswoʊlən/

swollen

enflé
Meaning
Enlarged or puffed up, usually due to injury, inflammation, or fluid accumulation
Example
Her ankle was swollen after she twisted it during the hike.
Sa cheville était enflée après s'être foulée pendant la randonnée.
A2 noun ˈɡʌvəmənt

government

gouvernement
Meaning
The governing body of a nation, state, or community; the system by which a state or community is governed.
Example
The government rejected the demands.
Le gouvernement a rejeté les demandes.
B1 noun /əˈsaɪnmənt/

assignment

tâche
Meaning
a task or piece of work given to someone as part of their duties
Example
The students completed their homework assignment on time.
Les étudiants ont terminé leur devoir à temps.
B2 verb /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/

constitute

constituer
Meaning
To make up, form, or establish something.
Example
These documents constitute the legal agreement between the two parties.
Ces documents constituent l'accord légal entre les deux parties.
C2 adjective /pɔːrˈtɛntəs/

portentous

portentueux, grave
Meaning
Giving a sign or warning that something, often bad or serious, is going to happen; or overly solemn and pompous.
Example
His portentous tone made everyone nervous about the news.
Son ton porteur de présages a rendu tout le monde nerveux à propos des nouvelles.
C1 verb /dɪsˈbænd/

disband

dissoudre
Meaning
to break up and stop functioning as a group or organization
Example
The club decided to disband after twenty years of activity.
Le club a décidé de se dissoudre après vingt ans d'activité.
C2 noun /əbˈdʌktər/

abductor

ravisseur
Meaning
a person who kidnaps or forcibly takes someone away
Example
The police arrested the abductor after a nationwide search.
La police a arrêté le ravisseur après une longue recherche.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒntɪnənt/

incontinent

incontinent
Meaning
lacking control over urination or defecation; lacking self-restraint
Example
The patient was incontinent after surgery.
Le patient était incontinent après l'opération.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

grimper avec effort
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Les enfants ont grimpé sur les rochers pour atteindre la grotte.
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

une douleur aiguë ou un malaise émotionnel soudain
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
Elle a ressenti un pang de culpabilité après la dispute.
B1 adjective /rʌf/

Rough

rugueux; rugueux; dur
Meaning
having an uneven surface; not smooth; harsh
Example
The rough surface of the rock hurt my hands.
La surface rugueuse de la roche m'a blessé les mains.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

poutre
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
Les poutres du vieux grenier étaient exposées.
B2 verb /ˈkɪdnæp/

kidnap

kidnapper
Meaning
to take someone away illegally by force
Example
The criminals kidnapped the wealthy businessman.
Les criminels ont kidnappé le riche homme d'affaires.
B1 noun /ˈsiː.hɔːrs/

Sea-horse

hippocampe
Meaning
a small marine fish with segmented bony armor, an upright posture, and a curled prehensile tail
Example
The seahorse gracefully floated among the coral reefs.
L'hippocampe flottait gracieusement parmi les récifs coralliens.
C1 verb /ˈmiː.di.eɪt/

mediate

médiater
Meaning
To act as an intermediary in bringing about agreement or reconciliation between parties.
Example
She was asked to mediate between the two companies.
Elle a été demandée de médiater entre les deux entreprises.
C2 noun /kənˌdʒiː.niˈæl.ə.t̬i/

congeniality

affabilité
Meaning
The quality of being pleasant, friendly, and easy to talk to.
Example
His congeniality makes him popular among friends.
Son affabilité le rend populaire parmi ses amis.
C1 verb /dɪsˈkʌlər/

discolor

décolorer
Meaning
to change color, especially in a way that spoils the original appearance
Example
The fabric began to discolor after being left in the sun.
Le tissu a commencé à se décolorer après avoir été laissé au soleil.