Pan
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A2 noun /pæn/

Pan

poêle
Meaning
a wide, flat-bottomed cooking utensil used for frying, searing, and browning foods
Example
Heat the oil in a large pan before adding the vegetables.
Chauffez l'huile dans une grande poêle avant d'ajouter les légumes.
C1 adjective /tɪˈrænɪkəl/

tyrannical

tyrannique
Meaning
exercising power in a cruel or arbitrary way
Example
The tyrannical ruler silenced all opposition.
Le dirigeant tyrannique a réduit au silence toute opposition.
C1 noun /ˈsmætərɪŋ/

smattering

connaissance superficielle
Meaning
A small amount or superficial knowledge of something.
Example
He has a smattering of Spanish.
Il a une connaissance superficielle de l'espagnol.
B2 noun /ˈɑːrm.pɪt/

Armpit

aisselle
Meaning
the hollow area under the arm where it joins the shoulder
Example
He applied deodorant to his armpit.
Il a appliqué du déodorant sur son aisselle.
B2 noun /ˈkwɒr.əl/

Quarrel

querelle; dispute
Meaning
an angry argument or disagreement between people
Example
They had a quarrel about money and stopped talking to each other.
Ils ont eu une querelle à propos de l'argent et ont cessé de se parler.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

inexcusable

inexcusable
Meaning
Too bad to be justified or overlooked; unforgivable.
Example
His rude behavior was inexcusable.
Son comportement impoli était inexcusable.
B2 noun /wɪt/

Wit

esprit
Meaning
mental sharpness and inventiveness; keen intelligence; a natural aptitude for using words in a clever and amusing way
Example
She has a sharp wit and quick sense of humor.
Elle a un esprit vif et un sens de l'humour rapide.
C1 noun /ˈɒptɪks/

optics

optique
Meaning
The branch of physics dealing with light and vision.
Example
She studied optics to understand how lenses work.
Elle a étudié l'optique pour comprendre comment fonctionnent les lentilles.
C2 verb /ˈtrʌk.əl/

truckle

se soumettre
Meaning
To submit or yield obsequiously to someone in power.
Example
He refused to truckle to the demands of the corrupt officials.
Il a refusé de se soumettre aux demandes des fonctionnaires corrompus.
C2 adjective /ˈkæp.ʃəs/

Captious

captieux; critique
Meaning
tending to find fault or raise petty objections; fault-finding; critical
Example
His captious remarks about every small detail made the meeting very unpleasant.
Ses remarques captieuses sur chaque petit détail ont rendu la réunion très désagréable.
B2 noun /ˌnɔːrθˈiːst/

northeast

nord-est
Meaning
the direction between north and east; a region or area located in that direction.
Example
The storm is moving toward the northeast.
La tempête se déplace vers le nord-est.
C2 adjective /ˈpliːnəri/

plenary

plénier
Meaning
complete in every way; fully attended or absolute
Example
The committee held a plenary session to discuss all matters of importance.
Le comité a tenu une séance plénière pour discuter de toutes les questions importantes.
C2 noun /ˈkeɪsiːn/

Casein

caséine
Meaning
the main protein found in milk and cheese, used in food production and supplements
Example
Casein protein powder is popular among athletes for muscle recovery.
La poudre de protéine de caséine est populaire parmi les athlètes pour la récupération musculaire.
C1 noun /hʌl/

hull

coque de navire / enveloppe de graine
Meaning
The outer covering of a seed or fruit; also the main body of a ship.
Example
The sailors inspected the ship’s hull for any damage.
Les marins ont inspecté la coque du navire pour détecter d'éventuels dommages.
C1 noun /ˈheɪˌdeɪ/

heyday

apogée
Meaning
The period of greatest success, popularity, or power.
Example
In its heyday, the company dominated the market.
À son apogée, l'entreprise dominait le marché.
B1 verb /əˈproʊtʃ/

approach

s'approcher / traiter avec
Meaning
to move closer to someone or something; to deal with a situation or problem
Example
The teacher approached the student to offer help.
Le professeur s'est approché de l'élève pour offrir de l'aide.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːvər/

disbeliever

incrédule
Meaning
a person who does not believe in something, especially a religion or idea
Example
He was called a disbeliever for rejecting the traditional faith.
Il a été appelé incrédule pour avoir rejeté la foi traditionnelle.
B2 verb /əˈweɪt/

await

attendre
Meaning
to wait for someone or something; to expect
Example
We await your response with great anticipation.
Nous attendons votre réponse avec grande anticipation.
C1 noun /səbˈmɜːrdʒəns/

submergence

immersion
Meaning
the act or process of being submerged or going underwater
Example
The submergence of coastal areas is a major concern due to rising sea levels.
L'immersion des zones côtières est une préoccupation majeure en raison de l'élévation du niveau de la mer.
C1 noun /hɑːrp/

Harp

harpe
Meaning
a large triangular musical instrument with strings that are plucked
Example
The angel played a beautiful melody on the harp.
L'ange a joué une belle mélodie à la harpe.
C2 noun /ˈklæŋər/

clangor

bruit, fracas
Meaning
A loud, resonant, and continuous noise, often metallic.
Example
The clangor of the church bells filled the town square.
Le fracas des cloches de l'église remplissait la place du village.
B2 noun prəˈdʒɛk.ʃən

projection

projections de la voix
Meaning
The strength and range of voice when speaking.
Example
Proper projection ensures that every listener hears clearly.
Une projection appropriée garantit que chaque auditeur entend clairement.
C1 noun /tɪˈmɪdəti/

timidity

timidité
Meaning
lack of courage or self-confidence
Example
His timidity kept him from speaking up during the meeting.
Sa timidité l'a empêché de parler pendant la réunion.
C2 noun /ˈfɔːrʃɔːr/

foreshore

rivage
Meaning
The part of the shore between the high and low tide marks
Example
Children were playing on the foreshore, collecting shells.
Les enfants jouaient sur le rivage, ramassant des coquillages.
C2 noun /ˈhaʊsˌbreɪkɪŋ/

housebreaking

infraction de domicile
Meaning
the crime of breaking into a house with intent to steal
Example
The thief was arrested for housebreaking.
Le voleur a été arrêté pour infraction de domicile.
C1 verb /fɔrˈstɔl/

forestall

prévenir à l'avance
Meaning
to prevent by acting in advance; to anticipate and counter
Example
They forestalled the crisis by taking immediate action.
Ils ont évité la crise en prenant des mesures immédiates.
A2 verb /fərˈɡɪv/

forgive

pardonner
Meaning
to stop feeling angry or resentful toward someone; to pardon
Example
She decided to forgive him for his mistakes.
Elle a décidé de le pardonner pour ses erreurs.
B1 verb /braʊz/

browse

naviguer
Meaning
To look at or skim through casually, especially online or in a store
Example
She likes to browse books in the library.
Elle aime parcourir des livres à la bibliothèque.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɜːrtɪd/

concerted

concerté
Meaning
done with great effort, planned and performed together by multiple people
Example
The workers made a concerted effort to improve conditions.
Les travailleurs ont fait un effort concerté pour améliorer les conditions.
C1 noun /ˈdɒktrɪn/

doctrine

doctrine
Meaning
A set of beliefs or principles held and taught by a religious, political, or other group.
Example
The church follows a strict doctrine on moral values.
L'église suit une doctrine stricte sur les valeurs morales.
C2 noun /ˈhɑː.mə.li/

Homily

homélie; discours religieux
Meaning
a religious discourse delivered as part of a church service; a tedious moralizing lecture
Example
The priest delivered an inspiring homily about compassion and forgiveness during Sunday service.
Le prêtre a prononcé une homélie inspirante sur la compassion et le pardon lors du service du dimanche.
C1 verb /ʃɪə/

shear

couper
Meaning
to cut the wool off a sheep or to cut something with sharp tools like scissors or shears
Example
The farmer will shear the sheep in the spring.
L'agriculteur shear le mouton au printemps.
B1 noun /ɛr pəˈluːʃən/

air pollution

pollution de l'air
Meaning
The presence of harmful or poisonous substances in the air, typically caused by industrial processes, vehicle emissions, or other human activities.
Example
Air pollution from factories led to the first environmental movement.
La pollution de l'air provenant des usines a conduit au premier mouvement environnemental.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

forcé quelqu'un à rejoindre l'armée
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
Le gouvernement a conscrit des jeunes hommes pendant la guerre.
C1 adjective ʌnˈskruːpjʊləs

unscrupulous

démoralisé
Meaning
Having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair.
Example
Unscrupulous peers can lead adolescents to delinquency.
Les pairs démoralisés peuvent pousser les adolescents à la délinquance.
B1 noun /ˈtreɪdɪŋ/

trading

commerce
Meaning
the act or business of buying and selling goods or services
Example
She made a fortune through online trading.
Elle a fait une fortune grâce au commerce en ligne.
B2 adjective /rɪˈɡret.ə.bəl/

Regrettable

regrettable; déplorable; malheureux
Meaning
causing or deserving regret; unfortunate; deplorable
Example
It is regrettable that so many talented people left the company.
Il est regrettable que tant de personnes talentueuses aient quitté l'entreprise.
B2 noun /ˈɡreɪv.jɑːrd/

Graveyard

cimetière
Meaning
an area of land set aside for burial of the dead; a cemetery
Example
The old graveyard near the church dates back to the 18th century.
Le vieux cimetière près de l'église date du XVIIIe siècle.
B2 adjective /ˈsɜːrkjələr/

circular

circulaire
Meaning
shaped like a circle; round in form
Example
The kids sat in a circular arrangement around the campfire.
Les enfants étaient assis en disposition circulaire autour du feu de camp.
C1 adjective /ˈwɜːrkəbəl/

Workable

réalisable; praticable
Meaning
capable of being done or put into effect; practical
Example
We need a workable solution to solve this problem quickly.
Nous avons besoin d'une solution réalisable pour résoudre ce problème rapidement.
C1 adjective /hɜːrˈbɪv.ər.əs/

Herbivorous

herbivore
Meaning
feeding on plants; plant-eating
Example
Cows are herbivorous animals that graze on grass.
Les vaches sont des animaux herbivores qui paissent de l'herbe.
C1 verb /rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt/

reverberate

réverbérer
Meaning
To echo repeatedly or have continuing effects.
Example
The sound of the explosion reverberated through the valley.
Le son de l'explosion a réverbéré à travers la vallée.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən/

cosmopolitan

cosmopolite
Meaning
familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures
Example
He has a cosmopolitan outlook due to his extensive travels.
Il a une perspective cosmopolite grâce à ses nombreux voyages.
C2 adjective /ˈfjuːzəbl/

fusible

fusionnable
Meaning
Capable of being melted or fused.
Example
The engineer used a fusible alloy in the experiment.
L'ingénieur a utilisé un alliage fusionnable dans l'expérience.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

discussions secondaires
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Les discussions secondaires mènent souvent à des accords.
B2 noun, verb /striːk/

streak

trace ou ligne; se déplacer très rapidement dans une direction spécifiée
Meaning
a long, thin line or mark; to move very quickly in a specified direction
Example
Lightning streaked across the night sky.
Un éclair a traversé le ciel nocturne.
B2 noun ˈɔː.bɪt

orbit

orbite
Meaning
The curved path of a celestial object around a star, planet, or moon.
Example
The satellite maintains its orbit around Earth.
Le satellite maintient son orbite autour de la Terre.
B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zər/

Razor

rasoir
Meaning
a sharp-edged instrument used for shaving hair from the skin
Example
He shaved his beard with a sharp razor.
Il s'est rasé la barbe avec un rasoir tranchant.
C2 verb /ˈjuːləˌdʒaɪz/

eulogize

élogier
Meaning
To praise highly in speech or writing, especially in honor of someone who has died.
Example
They gathered to eulogize their beloved teacher.
Ils se sont réunis pour faire l'éloge de leur professeur bien-aimé.
B2 noun /ˈɡlɔː.ri/

Glory

gloire; honneur; splendeur
Meaning
magnificent beauty or splendor; praise, honor, and distinction; a state of absolute happiness
Example
The athlete basked in the glory of winning the Olympic gold medal.
L'athlète s'est réjoui de la gloire de remporter la médaille d'or olympique.
C2 adjective /ˈsɜː.kəm.spekt/

circumspect

prudent, réfléchi, circonspect
Meaning
Wary and unwilling to take risks; careful to consider all circumstances and possible consequences.
Example
Investors must be circumspect before making decisions.
Les investisseurs doivent être circonspects avant de prendre des décisions.
C1 adjective /ˌboʊnəˈfaɪdi/

Bonafide

authentique; légitime; véritable
Meaning
genuine; authentic; legitimate
Example
She is a bonafide expert in her field.
Elle est une véritable experte dans son domaine.
B2 noun /ˈreɪʃoʊ/

ratio

rapport
Meaning
a relationship between two numbers showing how many times the first number contains the second
Example
The ratio of boys to girls in the class is 2:1.
Le rapport entre les garçons et les filles dans la classe est de 2:1.
C2 noun /ˈɜːrtʃɪn/

urchin

gamin des rues
Meaning
a mischievous or poorly dressed child, often from the streets
Example
The ragged urchins played by the riverbank.
Les gamins en haillons jouaient au bord de la rivière.
A2 noun /pen stænd/

Pen stand

porte-stylo
Meaning
a container or holder designed to keep pens, pencils, and other writing instruments organized
Example
He organized his pens in the pen stand on his desk.
Il a organisé ses stylos dans le porte-stylo sur son bureau.
A2 adjective /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

single

unique
Meaning
only one; not one of several
Example
She bought a single ticket for the concert.
Elle a acheté un seul billet pour le concert.
C1 noun /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

deprivation

privation, pénurie, manque
Meaning
The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.
Example
Sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.
La privation de sommeil affecte la fonction cognitive.
C1 verb /ˈwɒb.l̩/

wobble

vaciller
Meaning
to move unsteadily from side to side; to shake or tremble slightly
Example
The table began to wobble when he leaned on it.
La table a commencé à vaciller lorsqu'il s'est penché dessus.
B1 noun, verb /strɪŋ/

string

ficelle
Meaning
a thin piece of cord or thread; to tie or fasten with a string
Example
She tied the package with a string.
Elle a attaché le paquet avec une ficelle.
C1 noun /ˈbʊzəm/

bosom

poitrine
Meaning
the human chest, especially a woman’s breast; also used metaphorically to refer to closeness or intimacy
Example
She kept the secret close to her bosom.
Elle a gardé le secret près de sa poitrine.
C1 adjective /rɪˈstreɪnd/

restrained

réservé
Meaning
characterized by reserve or self-control; held back
Example
Her restrained reaction surprised everyone.
Sa réaction réservée a surpris tout le monde.
B2 verb /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/

accomplish

accomplir
Meaning
to achieve or complete successfully
Example
She managed to accomplish all her goals for the year.
Elle a réussi à accomplir tous ses objectifs pour l'année.
C2 adjective /ˈkeəwɔːn/

careworn

fatigué et préoccupé
Meaning
Showing signs of worry, stress, or exhaustion.
Example
His careworn face revealed years of struggle.
Son visage fatigué révélait des années de lutte.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtʌtʃəbəl/

Untouchable

intouchable; au-delà de la critique ou de l'attaque
Meaning
not able to be touched or affected; beyond criticism or attack
Example
The CEO seemed untouchable despite the scandal.
Le PDG semblait intouchable malgré le scandale.
C1 noun /ˌlɛ.seɪ ˈfɛər/

laissez-faire

politique de non-intervention
Meaning
An economic policy where government does not intervene in business affairs.
Example
Laissez-faire policies encourage private enterprise.
Les politiques de laissez-faire encouragent l'entreprise privée.
C2 noun /ˈsɪlvər kɑrp/

Silver carp

carpe argentée
Meaning
a large freshwater fish with silvery scales, commonly farmed for food
Example
Silver carp is widely cultivated in fish farms across Asia.
La carpe argentée est largement cultivée dans les fermes piscicoles à travers l’Asie.
C1 noun kənˈɡlɒm.ər.ət

conglomerate

conglomérat
Meaning
A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms.
Example
The company grew into a multinational conglomerate.
L'entreprise est devenue un conglomérat multinational.
C2 noun /ˌluːkjʊˈbreɪʃən/

lucubration

étude nocturne
Meaning
study or meditation, especially at night
Example
His novel was the result of long lucubration.
Son roman était le résultat de longues études nocturnes.
A1 noun /eɡ/

Egg

œuf
Meaning
an oval object laid by female birds, reptiles, fish, and insects, used as food
Example
I had scrambled eggs for breakfast this morning.
Ce matin, j'ai mangé des œufs brouillés au petit-déjeuner.
B2 adjective /rɪˈliːvd/

relieved

soulagé
Meaning
feeling happy and less worried after something stressful has been removed or resolved
Example
She felt relieved after hearing the good news.
Elle s'est sentie soulagée après avoir entendu la bonne nouvelle.
C1 noun /ˈleɪˌpɜːrsən/

layperson

la personne ordinaire
Meaning
A person who is not a member of the clergy or does not have specialized knowledge in a subject.
Example
The judge explained the law so that the layperson could understand.
Le juge a expliqué la loi de manière à ce que la personne ordinaire puisse la comprendre.
B2 verb /ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ/

simplify

simplifier
Meaning
to make easier to understand or do; to reduce complexity
Example
The teacher simplified the complex equation for the students.
Le professeur a simplifié l'équation complexe pour les étudiants.
C1 adjective ɪɡˈzɛmpləri

exemplary

exemplaire
Meaning
Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind.
Example
She was praised for her exemplary work ethic and dedication.
Elle a été félicitée pour son éthique de travail exemplaire et son dévouement.
C1 noun /ˈsteɪl.meɪt/

stalemate

impasse
Meaning
A situation in which no progress can be made or no party can win.
Example
Negotiations ended in a stalemate.
Les négociations se sont terminées par un impasse.
A2 adjective /hjuːdʒ/

huge

énorme
Meaning
extremely large in size or amount
Example
The stadium was filled with a huge crowd.
Le stade était rempli d'une énorme foule.
B2 noun (plural) /skræps/

scraps

restes
Meaning
Small pieces left over from something; also small fights or quarrels.
Example
The dog ate the scraps from the table.
Le chien a mangé les restes de la table.
C2 noun /ˈfɜːrnəri/

fernery

fernière, endroit où les fougères sont cultivées
Meaning
a place or greenhouse where ferns are cultivated
Example
The garden's fernery was full of exotic plants.
La ferniére du jardin était pleine de plantes exotiques.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

Innermost

le plus profond; le plus personnel
Meaning
most private and secret; deepest; most personal
Example
She shared her innermost feelings with her closest friend.
Elle a partagé ses sentiments les plus profonds avec son ami le plus proche.
B1 noun /təˈbækoʊ/

tobacco

tabac
Meaning
a plant grown for its leaves, which are used in making cigarettes and cigars
Example
He stopped smoking tobacco after his health scare.
Il a arrêté de fumer du tabac après ses problèmes de santé.
C2 noun /ˈtʃaɪ.nə bɑːks/

China box

jasmin d'oranger
Meaning
a small evergreen shrub with tiny white fragrant flowers
Example
The China box plant produced clusters of small white flowers.
La plante de jasmin d'oranger a produit des grappes de petites fleurs blanches.
C1 noun /ˈɑːr.sən.əl/

arsenal

arsenal
Meaning
A collection or storage place for weapons and military equipment.
Example
The army kept its weapons in a secure arsenal.
L'armée a gardé ses armes dans un arsenal sécurisé.
C2 noun /ˌdɛrɪˈlɪkʃən/

dereliction

négligence
Meaning
the state of being abandoned; neglect of duty
Example
The officer was charged with dereliction of duty.
L'officier a été accusé de négligence dans l'accomplissement de son devoir.
B1 verb ˈtrænsfər

transfer

transférer
Meaning
To move from one place to another; to hand over.
Example
Power transfer was necessary.
Le transfert de pouvoir était nécessaire.
C1 adjective /frəˈnɛtɪk/

frenetic

frenétique
Meaning
Fast and energetic in a wild or uncontrolled way.
Example
The stock market experienced frenetic trading after the announcement.
Le marché boursier a connu des transactions frénétiques après l'annonce.
B2 adjective /ˈtrʌst.wɜː.ði/

Trustworthy

fiable
Meaning
able to be relied on as honest or truthful; deserving of trust
Example
He is a trustworthy friend who always keeps his promises.
C'est un ami digne de confiance qui tient toujours ses promesses.
B2 noun ˈvaɪtəl rɪˈsɔːrsɪz

vital resources

ressources vitales
Meaning
Essential assets or supplies that are crucial for survival and development.
Example
Water is one of Bangladesh's vital resources.
L'eau est l'une des ressources vitales du Bangladesh.
C1 adjective/adverb /ɡəˈlɔːr/

galore

abondant
Meaning
In large amounts; abundant or plentiful.
Example
There were books galore in the old library.
Il y avait des livres en abondance dans la vieille bibliothèque.
A2 verb /rɪˈkwaɪər/

require

nécessiter
Meaning
to need something; to demand or insist on
Example
This job requires excellent communication skills.
Ce travail nécessite d'excellentes compétences en communication.
B1 adjective ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt

established

établi
Meaning
Having been in existence for a long time and therefore recognized and generally accepted; set up on a firm or permanent basis.
Example
Democracy was established under strong leadership.
La démocratie a été établie sous une forte direction.
A1 noun/verb /ˈraɪ.tɪŋ/

writing

bonheur
Meaning
The activity of putting words on paper or composing text; the written form of communication.
Example
She spends hours every day on her creative writing.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 verb /aʊtˈlæst/

outlast

durer plus longtemps que
Meaning
to continue longer than; to endure beyond someone or something else
Example
The old castle has outlasted many generations.
Le vieux château a duré plus longtemps que de nombreuses générations.
C2 noun səˈtaɪ.ə.ti

satiety

satiété
Meaning
The feeling of being satisfied or full, especially with regard to food.
Example
High-fiber foods provide longer satiety.
Les aliments riches en fibres procurent une plus grande satiété.
C2 adjective /ˌdɒktrɪˈnɛər/

doctrinaire

doctrinaire
Meaning
stubbornly devoted to a theory or doctrine without regard to practical considerations
Example
His doctrinaire approach to politics alienated many supporters.
Son approche doctrinaire de la politique a aliéné de nombreux partisans.
C1 noun /ˈhʌbʌb/

hubbub

tumulte
Meaning
a loud noise caused by a crowd of people talking or shouting
Example
There was a hubbub in the market as the sale began.
Il y avait un tumulte sur le marché lorsque la vente a commencé.
B1 adverb /trəˈdɪʃənəli/

traditionally

traditionnellement
Meaning
according to custom or long-established practice
Example
Bangladesh is traditionally known for its hospitality.
Le Bangladesh est traditionnellement connu pour son hospitalité.
B2 noun /suː.pɪər.iˈɔːr.ə.ti/

Superiority

supériorité
Meaning
the quality or state of being superior; higher rank or quality
Example
His superiority in mathematics was evident from his test scores.
Sa supériorité en mathématiques était évidente à partir de ses résultats de test.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈneɪtl/

antenatal

prénatal
Meaning
Relating to the medical care and treatment given to a pregnant woman before the birth of her child.
Example
She attended regular antenatal checkups throughout her pregnancy.
Elle a assisté à des consultations prénatales régulières tout au long de sa grossesse.
C1 verb /ɡoʊd/

goad

inciter
Meaning
to provoke, annoy, or urge someone to take action
Example
He tried to goad his opponent into making a mistake.
Il a essayé d'inciter son adversaire à faire une erreur.
C2 noun /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪks/

metaphysics

métaphysique
Meaning
The branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality, existence, and the relationship between mind and matter.
Example
She studied metaphysics to understand the principles of existence beyond physical science.
Elle a étudié la métaphysique pour comprendre les principes de l'existence au-delà de la science physique.
B2 noun /bɪzˈnɛs sʌˈsɛs/

business success

succès commercial
Meaning
The achievement of desired outcomes in business operations, typically measured by profitability, growth, and sustainability.
Example
Innovation drives business success.
L'innovation conduit au succès commercial.
C2 noun /ˈsɛm.ɪ.nɛr.i/

seminary

séminaire
Meaning
A school or college for training priests, ministers, or rabbis.
Example
He decided to enroll in a seminary to study theology.
Il a décidé de s'inscrire dans un séminaire pour étudier la théologie.
C2 noun /ˈvoʊtəri/

votary

dévot
Meaning
A devoted follower or admirer of someone or something.
Example
He is a votary of classical music and attends every concert.
Il est un dévot de la musique classique et assiste à chaque concert.
C2 noun /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.zəns/

cognizance

connaissance
Meaning
Awareness, knowledge, or understanding of something; conscious perception.
Example
The judge took cognizance of the new evidence.
Le juge a pris connaissance de la nouvelle preuve.
A1 noun /hæt/

Hat

chapeau
Meaning
a covering for the head, typically with a brim and worn outdoors
Example
He always wears a hat when working in the garden.
Il porte toujours un chapeau quand il travaille dans le jardin.
C2 adjective /hɛkˈsæŋɡjələr/

hexangular

hexagonal
Meaning
Having six angles or corners.
Example
The artist designed a hexangular frame for the mirror.
L'artiste a conçu un cadre hexagonal pour le miroir.
B2 adjective, noun /ˈɛəriəl/

aerial

aérien / antenne
Meaning
As an adjective: existing or happening in the air. As a noun: an antenna for receiving radio or television signals.
Example
The pilot performed an amazing aerial maneuver.
Le pilote a effectué une manœuvre aérienne incroyable.
C1 adjective /ˈneɡ.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

Negligible

négligeable
Meaning
so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant
Example
The side effects of this medicine are negligible.
Les effets secondaires de ce médicament sont négligeables.
C1 noun /ˈwɪmzi/

whimsy

fantaisie
Meaning
playful or fanciful behavior or humor
Example
Her stories were full of whimsy and imagination.
Ses histoires étaient pleines de fantaisie et d'imagination.
B2 noun /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/

philosophy

philosophie
Meaning
the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Example
Her philosophy emphasizes kindness and empathy.
Sa philosophie met l'accent sur la gentillesse et l'empathie.
C1 noun /ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt/

affidavit

déclaration sous serment
Meaning
a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court
Example
The witness submitted an affidavit to the court.
Le témoin a soumis un affidavit au tribunal.
C2 adjective /ˈtʃɜːrlɪʃ/

churlish

rude
Meaning
Rude in a mean-spirited and surly way.
Example
It would be churlish to refuse her kind invitation.
Ce serait impoli de refuser son aimable invitation.
B2 noun /ˈkwɔː.tərz/

Quarters

logement; quartiers; logement militaire
Meaning
living accommodation; lodgings; military housing
Example
The soldiers returned to their quarters after the training exercise.
Les soldats sont retournés à leurs quartiers après l'exercice d'entraînement.
C2 verb /ˈproʊtjuːbəreɪt/

protuberate

gonfler
Meaning
To swell out or bulge.
Example
The roots began to protuberate from the ground.
Les racines ont commencé à gonfler du sol.
B2 noun /ˈspɛk.tə.kəl/

spectacle

spectacle
Meaning
An impressive display or performance for viewers.
Example
The fireworks created a breathtaking spectacle in the night sky.
Les feux d'artifice ont créé un spectacle époustouflant dans le ciel nocturne.
B1 noun /ˈtʃiːtər/

cheater

tricheur
Meaning
a person who cheats or acts dishonestly to gain an advantage
Example
He was caught and labeled as a cheater during the exam.
Il a été traité de tricheur pendant l'examen.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpruː.dəns/

Imprudence

imprudence; négligence; témérité
Meaning
the quality of being imprudent; lack of care for consequences; recklessness
Example
His financial imprudence led to bankruptcy within just two years.
Son imprudence financière a conduit à la faillite en seulement deux ans.
B1 noun /swet/

Sweat

transpiration
Meaning
moisture exuded through the pores of the skin, typically as a reaction to heat, physical exertion, fever, or fear
Example
After running for an hour, he was covered in sweat.
Après avoir couru pendant une heure, il était couvert de transpiration.
C2 adjective ˌlæb.əˈrɪn.θaɪn

labyrinthine

labyrinthique
Meaning
Like a labyrinth; complicated and confusing; having many interconnected paths or passages.
Example
The old city streets were labyrinthine.
Les rues de la vieille ville étaient labyrinthiques.
A1 noun /skuːl/

school

école
Meaning
An institution for educating children; also a group of people sharing the same ideas or discipline.
Example
The children walked to school together.
Les enfants sont allés à l'école ensemble.
B1 adjective /ˈsɔːlti/

Salty

salé
Meaning
having the taste of salt; containing salt; tasting of seawater
Example
The salty ocean water made her thirsty.
L'eau salée de l'océan lui donna soif.
C2 verb /bɪˈfuːl/

befool

tromper
Meaning
to deceive or trick someone into believing something false; to make someone appear foolish
Example
The scammer tried to befool innocent people with fake promises.
L'escroc a essayé de tromper des personnes innocentes avec de fausses promesses.