northern
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B1 adjective /ˈnɔːðərn/

northern

du nord
Meaning
relating to the north or situated in the north
Example
The northern part of the country is known for its cold climate.
La partie nord du pays est connue pour son climat froid.
B2 noun /ˈtʃer.i ˌblɒs.əm/

Cherry Blossom

fleur de cerisier
Meaning
the pink or white flowers of a cherry tree that bloom in spring
Example
The cherry blossoms bloom beautifully in April.
Les fleurs de cerisier fleurissent magnifiquement en avril.
C1 adverb /ˈaʊtwədli/

Outwardly

extérieurement; en apparence;
Meaning
on the surface; externally; in appearance
Example
Outwardly, he seemed calm, but inside he was nervous.
Extérieurement, il semblait calme, mais à l'intérieur, il était nerveux.
C2 noun /ˈæbɪs/

abbess

abbesse (femme responsable d'un couvent)
Meaning
the woman in charge of a convent of nuns
Example
The abbess welcomed the visitors to the convent.
L'abbesse a accueilli les visiteurs au couvent.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡɒn/

polygon

polygone
Meaning
a flat shape with three or more straight sides
Example
The artist drew a colorful polygon on the canvas.
L'artiste a dessiné un polygone coloré sur la toile.
C2 noun /ˈæp.ɪˌkʌl.tʃər/

apiculture

apiculture
Meaning
The practice of keeping and raising bees for honey and other products.
Example
Apiculture plays a vital role in agriculture by supporting pollination.
L'apiculture joue un rôle vital dans l'agriculture en soutenant la pollinisation.
C1 noun /ˈsɑːri/

Saree

sari
Meaning
a garment consisting of a length of cotton or silk elaborately draped around the body, traditionally worn by women from South Asia
Example
She looked elegant in her red silk saree at the festival.
Elle avait l'air élégante dans son sari en soie rouge lors du festival.
A2 noun /bɑːθ/

Bath

bain; baignoire
Meaning
the act of washing one's body; a container for bathing
Example
I take a hot bath every evening.
Je prends un bain chaud chaque soir.
B2 verb /ˈsɪmpəθaɪz/

sympathize

compatir
Meaning
to feel sorry for someone; to understand and share someone's feelings
Example
I sympathize with your loss.
Je compatis à ta perte.
C1 adjective /ˈdwɪndlɪŋ/

dwindling

diminution
Meaning
Gradually reducing in number, size, or strength.
Example
The villagers relied on dwindling water supplies.
Les villageois dépendaient des réserves d'eau en diminution.
B2 noun /ˈmæstərpiːs/

Masterpiece

chef-d'œuvre
Meaning
A work of outstanding artistry, skill, or workmanship
Example
The Mona Lisa is considered one of the greatest masterpieces of all time.
La Joconde est considérée comme l'une des plus grandes œuvres d'art de tous les temps.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnˌɑːpərˈtuːn/

inopportune

moment inopportun
Meaning
Happening at a bad or inconvenient time.
Example
His call came at the most inopportune moment.
Son appel est arrivé au moment le plus inopportun.
B1 noun/verb /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

hunting

chasse
Meaning
the activity of chasing and killing wild animals
Example
Hunting is strictly regulated in many countries.
La chasse est strictement régulée dans de nombreux pays.
C1 noun /ˈmɒk.ər.i/

Mockery

moquerie; raillerie;
Meaning
teasing and contemptuous language or behavior; ridicule
Example
His speech was met with mockery from the audience.
Son discours a été accueilli par des moqueries de l'audience.
C1 adjective /bəˈnɑːl/ or /ˈbeɪnəl/

banal

banal
Meaning
Lacking originality; boringly obvious and commonplace.
Example
His speech was full of banal clichés.
Son discours était plein de clichés banals.
C1 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈbloʊn/

overblown

exagéré
Meaning
excessively exaggerated or inflated
Example
The controversy was overblown by the media.
La controverse a été exagérée par les médias.
C1 noun /ˈvælər/

valor

valeur
Meaning
Great courage in the face of danger, especially in battle.
Example
The soldier was honored for his valor during the war.
Le soldat a été honoré pour sa valeur pendant la guerre.
B2 verb /dɪˈtekt/

detect

détecter
Meaning
to discover or identify the presence or existence of something; to notice something that is not immediately obvious
Example
The security system can detect movement in the building.
Le système de sécurité peut détecter le mouvement dans le bâtiment.
C2 noun /ˈhɛksəˌpɒd/

hexapod

hexapode
Meaning
An insect or other organism with six legs.
Example
The scientist observed a hexapod crawling on the leaf.
Le scientifique a observé un hexapode rampant sur la feuille.
A1 verb /bʌt/

but

donner un coup de tête
Meaning
to hit or push with the head or horns; to strike forcefully
Example
The goat butted against the fence.
La chèvre a donné un coup de tête contre la clôture.
B1 adjective /ˈskɪlfʊl/

Skilful

habile; expert; accompli
Meaning
having or showing skill; expert and accomplished
Example
The skilful surgeon performed the operation with great precision.
Le chirurgien habile a effectué l'opération avec une grande précision.
C1 adverb /suːˈpɜːb.li/

Superbly

de manière excellente
Meaning
in an excellent or outstanding manner
Example
She performed superbly in the dance competition.
Elle a excellé dans la compétition de danse.
B1 noun /əˈpɒlədʒi/

apology

excuse
Meaning
a statement expressing regret for something wrong or hurtful
Example
He offered an apology for being late to the meeting.
Il a présenté des excuses pour être en retard à la réunion.
C2 verb /rɪˈvaɪl/

revile

révérer
Meaning
to criticize in an abusive or angrily insulting manner
Example
The politician was reviled by the public for his corruption.
Le politicien a été révéré par le public pour sa corruption.
A2 adjective /ˈsɛntrəl/

central

central
Meaning
Situated in the middle; of the greatest importance.
Example
Water is central to human survival.
L'eau est centrale pour la survie humaine.
C1 adjective /ˌʌn.əˈdʌl.tə.reɪ.tɪd/

Unadulterated

pur
Meaning
not mixed or diluted with any different or extra elements; pure
Example
She felt unadulterated joy when she heard the news.
Elle a ressenti une joie pure lorsqu'elle a entendu la nouvelle.
B2 noun /ˈkɒŋɡrɛs/

congress

congrès
Meaning
a formal meeting or assembly, especially of representatives for discussion
Example
The international congress on climate change will be held next year.
Le congrès international sur le changement climatique aura lieu l'année prochaine.
C1 noun /ˈstætʃuːt/

statute

loi
Meaning
A written law passed by a legislative body.
Example
The new statute protects workers' rights.
La nouvelle loi protège les droits des travailleurs.
C2 noun /fɪˈlæt.əl.ɪst/

philatelist

collectionneur de timbres
Meaning
a person who collects or studies postage stamps
Example
The philatelist spent years building a rare stamp collection.
Le philatéliste a passé des années à constituer une collection rare de timbres.
A1 noun /ˈtɛnɪs/

tennis

tennis
Meaning
a sport played with rackets and a ball on a rectangular court
Example
He enjoys playing tennis with his friends on the weekends.
Il aime jouer au tennis avec ses amis le week-end.
C2 noun /ræŋˈɡuːn ˈkriːpər/

Rangoon creeper

Rangoon creeper
Meaning
A climbing vine with fragrant flowers that change color from white to pink to red
Example
The Rangoon creeper covered the entire fence with its sweet-smelling flowers.
Le Rangoon creeper a couvert toute la clôture avec ses fleurs parfumées.
C1 verb /ɜːr/

err

errer
Meaning
to make a mistake or be incorrect
Example
To err is human, to forgive divine.
Se tromper est humain, pardonner est divin.
B2 noun ˈfrʌn.tɪərz

frontiers

frontières
Meaning
The extreme limit of settled land beyond which lies wilderness; the limits of knowledge or achievement in a particular field.
Example
The project pushes the frontiers of space exploration.
Le projet repousse les frontières de l'exploration spatiale.
A2 noun /ˈɛndʒɪn/

engine

moteur
Meaning
A machine designed to convert energy into mechanical power.
Example
The car's engine failed on the highway.
Le moteur de la voiture a échoué sur l'autoroute.
C2 noun /ˈkjʊriˌoʊ/

curio

objet curieux
Meaning
a small unusual or interesting object, often collected for its rarity
Example
She bought a curio from the antique shop.
Elle a acheté un objet curieux dans le magasin d'antiquités.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpɛlənt/

repellent

répulsif
Meaning
Able to drive away something, especially insects or unpleasant things; causing disgust or distaste.
Example
This cream is highly effective as a mosquito repellent.
Cette crème est très efficace en tant que répulsif contre les moustiques.
B2 verb /suː/

sue

poursuivre
Meaning
to bring a lawsuit against someone in a court of law
Example
She decided to sue the company for damages.
Elle a décidé de poursuivre l'entreprise en justice pour dommages.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər hen/

Water hen

poule d'eau
Meaning
a waterbird with dark plumage that lives near ponds and wetlands
Example
The water hen swam gracefully across the pond.
La poule d'eau nagea gracieusement à travers l'étang.
C2 noun /ɪˌledʒ.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Illegibility

illégibilité
Meaning
the quality of being impossible or difficult to read; unclear writing or print
Example
The doctor's handwriting was famous for its illegibility among the pharmacy staff.
L'écriture du médecin était célèbre pour son illisibilité parmi le personnel de la pharmacie.
B2 noun /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/

distribution

distribution
Meaning
the act of sharing or delivering something to multiple people or places
Example
The company manages the distribution of food supplies to rural areas.
L'entreprise gère la distribution des fournitures alimentaires dans les zones rurales.
C2 adjective /stəˈkɑː.təʊ/

staccato

détaché
Meaning
short and detached in sound or style, often used in music
Example
The pianist played the notes in a staccato rhythm.
Le pianiste a joué les notes dans un rythme détaché.
B2 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈfɛkt/

disinfect

désinfecter
Meaning
to clean something thoroughly to destroy bacteria or viruses
Example
The nurse disinfected the wound before applying a bandage.
L'infirmière a désinfecté la plaie avant d'appliquer un pansement.
B2 noun /stjuːˈpɪdəti/

stupidity

stupidité
Meaning
lack of intelligence or common sense
Example
His stupidity caused a lot of problems for the team.
Sa stupidité a causé beaucoup de problèmes à l'équipe.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪrmənt/

endearment

mot d'affection
Meaning
A word or phrase expressing affection or love.
Example
She whispered a gentle endearment to her child.
Elle a murmuré un mot d'affection à son enfant.
B2 noun /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

suffering

souffrance
Meaning
the state of undergoing pain, distress, or hardship
Example
They tried to relieve his suffering with medicine.
Ils ont essayé de soulager sa souffrance avec des médicaments.
A2 adjective, noun /tʃaɪˈniːz/

chinese

chinois
Meaning
relating to China, its people, or its language
Example
We went to a Chinese restaurant last night.
Nous sommes allés dans un restaurant chinois hier soir.
C1 noun/verb ˈpɪv.ət

pivot

changement stratégique, pivot, changement de processus
Meaning
A significant change in business strategy or direction.
Example
The company decided to pivot its business strategy.
L'entreprise a décidé de modifier sa stratégie commerciale.
C1 verb dɪˈsɜːn

discern

distinguer
Meaning
To perceive or recognize something; to distinguish with difficulty by sight or with the other senses.
Example
He could barely discern the distant figure in the fog.
Il a à peine pu distinguer la silhouette lointaine dans le brouillard.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərəl/

temporal

temporel
Meaning
Relating to worldly affairs or to time rather than spiritual matters.
Example
The monk gave up his temporal possessions to live a simple life.
Le moine a renoncé à ses possessions temporelles pour vivre une vie simple.
B1 adjective rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl

reliable

fiable
Meaning
Consistently good in quality or performance; able to be trusted.
Example
Reliable systems ensure efficiency.
Les systèmes fiables garantissent l'efficacité.
C2 adjective /ˈhaɪd.baʊnd/

hidebound

borné
Meaning
unwilling or unable to change because of tradition or convention
Example
He is too hidebound to accept new ideas.
Il est trop borné pour accepter de nouvelles idées.
C1 noun /ˌæn.əˈnɪm.ə.ti/

anonymity

anonymat
Meaning
The state of being anonymous; having one's identity kept secret or unknown.
Example
Online anonymity protects users from cyber threats.
L'anonymat en ligne protège les utilisateurs des menaces informatiques.
C2 noun /ˈkloʊðiər/

clothier

marchand de vêtements
Meaning
a person or company that makes, sells, or deals in clothes.
Example
The town’s clothier displayed fine suits in his shop window.
Le marchand de vêtements de la ville a exposé de beaux costumes dans la vitrine de son magasin.
A1 interjection /hɑː/

ha

Ha ! (Exclamation de surprise ou de joie)
Meaning
used to express amusement, surprise, or triumph
Example
Ha! I knew you couldn’t resist joining us.
Ha ! Je savais que tu ne pourrais pas résister à nous rejoindre.
A2 adjective, noun /ɡreɪ/

gray

bonheur
Meaning
A color between black and white; also describes dull or gloomy situations.
Example
The sky turned gray before the storm.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun /faɪˈnæn.ʃəl rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ə.ti/

financial responsibility

responsabilité financière
Meaning
The practice of managing money and other financial resources in a responsible and effective manner.
Example
Financial responsibility ensures long-term economic stability.
La responsabilité financière assure la stabilité économique à long terme.
C1 noun /ˈwɪtʃ.krɑːft/

witchcraft

sorcellerie
Meaning
the practice of magical skills, spells, and abilities
Example
In old times, many people believed in witchcraft.
Dans les temps anciens, de nombreuses personnes croyaient à la sorcellerie.
B2 verb, noun /ʃeɪv/

shave

raser
Meaning
To remove hair from the body, typically using a razor; the act of removing hair
Example
He likes to shave every morning before work.
Il aime se raser chaque matin avant le travail.
C1 adjective /ˈɡræn.jʊ.lər/

granular

granulaire
Meaning
Consisting of small grains or particles; detailed and specific.
Example
The report provided a granular analysis of the market data.
Le rapport a fourni une analyse détaillée des données du marché.
B2 noun /ˈpæs.taɪm/

Pastime

passe-temps
Meaning
an activity done regularly for enjoyment; a hobby or recreational activity
Example
Reading books is her favorite pastime during weekends.
Lire des livres est son passe-temps préféré pendant les week-ends.
C2 noun /ˈkæl.əm.ni/

Calumny

calomnie
Meaning
the making of false and defamatory statements about someone in order to damage their reputation
Example
The politician sued the newspaper for spreading calumny about his personal life.
Le politicien a poursuivi le journal pour avoir propagé des calomnies sur sa vie personnelle.
C1 noun /flæt fɪʃ/

Flat fish

poisson plat
Meaning
a type of fish with a flattened body that lives on the sea floor
Example
Flat fish like sole and flounder are excellent for grilling.
Les poissons plats comme la sole et la limande sont excellents pour le grill.
C1 verb /ləˈmɛnt/

lament

se lamenter
Meaning
to express grief, sorrow, or regret about something
Example
She lamented the loss of her childhood home.
Elle a lamenté la perte de sa maison d'enfance.
C1 noun /ˌsæl.jʊˈteɪ.ʃən/

Salutation

salutation; expression de bons vœux
Meaning
a greeting; an expression of goodwill
Example
The letter began with a formal salutation.
La lettre a commencé par une salutation formelle.
C1 noun /prəˈpoʊnənt/

proponent

partisan, promoteur
Meaning
a person who advocates for or supports a particular idea, cause, or plan
Example
She is a strong proponent of renewable energy.
Elle est une forte partisane de l'énergie renouvelable.
C1 noun /ˈsɪməli/

simile

comparaison
Meaning
A figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another using 'like' or 'as'.
Example
She used a simile to describe her eyes as bright as stars.
Elle a utilisé une comparaison pour décrire ses yeux aussi brillants que des étoiles.
B2 adjective /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd/

irritated

irrité
Meaning
feeling annoyed or impatient; having inflamed or sore physical condition
Example
She felt irritated by the constant noise outside her window.
Elle était irritée par le bruit constant à l’extérieur.
C1 adjective /ˈɡlɛrɪŋ/

glaring

éclatant / évident
Meaning
Extremely obvious or shining intensely.
Example
There was a glaring mistake in the report.
Il y avait une erreur évidente dans le rapport.
A2 noun /faɪl/

File

lime
Meaning
a tool with a rough surface for smoothing or shaping hard materials; a collection of papers or data
Example
He used a metal file to smooth the rough edges.
Il a utilisé une lime métallique pour lisser les bords rugueux.
B1 noun əbˈdʒek.tɪv

objective

objectif
Meaning
A thing aimed at or sought; a goal.
Example
The main objective is to test sustainability.
L'objectif principal est de tester la durabilité.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːs.ləs/

Ceaseless

incessant; continu
Meaning
continuing without pause or interruption; endless
Example
The ceaseless rain lasted for three days.
La pluie incessante a duré trois jours.
C2 adjective /daɪˈæfənəs/

diaphanous

diaphane
Meaning
Light, delicate, and translucent.
Example
She wore a diaphanous dress that shimmered in the sunlight.
Elle portait une robe diaphane qui scintillait sous la lumière du soleil.
A2 adverb /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

almost

presque
Meaning
very nearly, but not exactly or completely
Example
He almost missed the train.
Il a presque raté le train.
B1 verb /skɪp/

skip

sauter
Meaning
to omit or pass over something; to move lightly or quickly
Example
He decided to skip breakfast and go straight to work.
Il a décidé de sauter le petit-déjeuner et d'aller directement au travail.
B2 adjective /ˈdɛlɪkət/

delicate

délicat
Meaning
Easily broken or damaged; requiring careful handling.
Example
The vase is very delicate, so handle it with care.
Le vase est très délicat, alors manipulez-le avec soin.
C2 noun/verb /ˈkʌdʒ.əl/

cudgel

matraque
Meaning
A short, thick stick used as a weapon; to beat with a cudgel.
Example
The guard used a cudgel to chase away the thief.
Le garde a utilisé une matraque pour chasser le voleur.
C2 verb /leɪv/

lave

laver
Meaning
To wash or bathe.
Example
She laved her face with cool water.
Elle a lavé son visage avec de l'eau froide.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

décoloration
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
L'exposition au soleil provoque la décoloration des tissus.
B2 noun, verb /ˈblɒsəm/

blossom

fleurir
Meaning
a flower or mass of flowers on a tree or plant; to develop or flourish
Example
The small garden began to blossom in spring.
Le petit jardin a commencé à fleurir au printemps.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈluːbriəs/

insalubrious

insalubre
Meaning
Unhealthy or not conducive to well-being.
Example
They moved out of the insalubrious neighborhood for the sake of their health.
Ils ont déménagé du quartier insalubre pour leur santé
C1 adjective /ˌʌnɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

uninhibited

désinhibé
Meaning
Not restrained or restricted; free in behavior or expression.
Example
She gave an uninhibited laugh at the joke.
Elle a éclaté d'un rire désinhibé à la blague.
C2 noun /pɪˈnɒlədʒi/

penology

pénologie
Meaning
The study of prison management and criminal rehabilitation.
Example
He decided to specialize in penology to help improve the prison system.
Il a décidé de se spécialiser en pénologie pour améliorer le système pénitentiaire.
C2 verb /fɔːrˈdʒʌdʒ/

forejudge

juger à l'avance
Meaning
To judge beforehand without adequate information.
Example
It is unfair to forejudge someone without knowing the facts.
Il est injuste de juger quelqu'un sans connaître les faits.
C2 verb /ˈsɪbəleɪt/

sibilate

prononcer avec un sifflement
Meaning
To pronounce with a hissing sound.
Example
The actor sibilated his lines for dramatic effect.
L'acteur a prononcé ses répliques avec un sifflement pour un effet dramatique.
C1 adjective /bɪˈfɪt.ɪŋ/

Befitting

approprié; convenable; adapté à une situation ou à une personne particulière
Meaning
appropriate; suitable; proper for a particular situation or person
Example
He wore formal attire befitting the important occasion.
Il portait une tenue formelle appropriée pour l'occasion importante.
C1 noun /ˈheɪvən/

haven

havre
Meaning
a safe place or shelter
Example
The library became a haven for students during exams.
La bibliothèque est devenue un havre pour les étudiants pendant les examens.
A1 noun /ˈwɪn.doʊ/

Window

fenêtre
Meaning
an opening in a wall fitted with glass to let in light and air
Example
Please open the window for fresh air.
s'il vous plaît ouvrez la fenêtre pour de l'air frais.
C2 adjective /ˈlɔːdəˌtɔːri/

laudatory

élogieux
Meaning
Expressing praise or admiration.
Example
She wrote a laudatory review of the new book.
Elle a écrit une critique élogieuse du nouveau livre.
B2 noun /ˈfæbrɪk/

fabric

tissu
Meaning
Cloth or material produced by weaving or knitting fibers.
Example
The tailor used silk fabric to make the dress.
Le tailleur a utilisé du tissu en soie pour fabriquer la robe.
B2 noun /ˌɔː.ri.enˈteɪ.ʃən/

orientation

orientation
Meaning
the process of becoming familiar with a new situation or environment
Example
The company provides an orientation for all new employees.
L'entreprise offre une orientation à tous les nouveaux employés.
B2 noun /pɪt/

pit

trou
Meaning
a large hole in the ground or a hollow area
Example
The workers dug a deep pit to build the foundation.
Les travailleurs ont creusé un grand trou pour construire les fondations.
B2 adjective ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk

organic

biologique
Meaning
Produced or involving production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial agents.
Example
Organic farming improves soil health and reduces pollution.
L'agriculture biologique améliore la santé du sol et réduit la pollution.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈlaɪk/

Unlike

différent; pas similaire
Meaning
different from; not similar to
Example
Unlike his brother, he prefers quiet activities.
Contrairement à son frère, il préfère les activités calmes.
C2 noun /ˈpætrɪˌmoʊni/

patrimony

patrimoine
Meaning
Property or inheritance passed down from one's father or ancestors.
Example
The castle was part of his patrimony from his noble ancestors.
Le château faisait partie de son patrimoine provenant de ses ancêtres nobles.
B1 noun ˈklaɪ.mət tʃeɪndʒ

climate change

changement climatique
Meaning
A change in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.
Example
Climate change is causing more natural disasters.
Le changement climatique provoque plus de catastrophes naturelles.
B2 noun /ˌtɜːrməˈnɑːlədʒi/

terminology

terminologie
Meaning
the set of technical or special words used in a particular subject
Example
Medical terminology can be difficult for new students to understand.
La terminologie médicale peut être difficile à comprendre pour les nouveaux étudiants.
C2 adjective ˌlæb.əˈrɪn.θaɪn

labyrinthine

labyrinthique
Meaning
Like a labyrinth; complicated and confusing; having many interconnected paths or passages.
Example
The old city streets were labyrinthine.
Les rues de la vieille ville étaient labyrinthiques.
B1 verb /ˈɒnər/

honour

honorer
Meaning
to show respect; to keep a promise
Example
We honour our veterans for their service.
Nous honorons nos vétérans pour leur service.
B2 adjective /ˈfruːt.fəl/

Fruitful

fructueux; bénéfique; réussi;
Meaning
productive; beneficial; successful;
Example
Our discussion was very fruitful and led to many new ideas.
Notre discussion a été très fructueuse et a conduit à de nombreuses nouvelles idées.
C1 noun /faɪˈnælɪti/

finality

finalité
Meaning
the quality of being final or irreversible; a sense of conclusiveness
Example
The judge's decision gave the case a sense of finality.
La décision du juge a donné au cas un sentiment de finalité.
C2 noun /seɪn/

seine

grand filet
Meaning
A large fishing net that hangs vertically in the water.
Example
The fishermen cast their seine into the river.
Les pêcheurs ont jeté leur grand filet dans la rivière.
C1 verb /ˈhʌsəl/

hustle

travailler dur / bouger rapidement
Meaning
to move quickly and energetically; to push or work hard to achieve something
Example
She had to hustle to finish the project on time.
Elle a dû travailler dur pour terminer le projet à temps.
C1 adjective /ˈrænsɪd/

rancid

rance
Meaning
having a bad taste or smell due to being old or spoiled (especially fats or oils)
Example
The butter had gone rancid after being left out too long.
Le beurre était devenu rance après être resté trop longtemps dehors.
B1 adjective /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

artistic

artistique
Meaning
having or revealing natural creative skill
Example
She has an artistic sense of design.
Elle a un sens artistique du design.
C1 noun /ˌpɜːrmjuˈteɪʃən/

permutation

permutation
Meaning
An arrangement or reordering of elements, often in mathematics or logic.
Example
The puzzle can be solved by trying all possible permutations of the tiles.
Le puzzle peut être résolu en essayant toutes les permutations possibles des tuiles.
B2 noun; verb /ˈkætəlɒɡ/

catalogue

catalogue
Meaning
a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or systematic order; to make a systematic list of items
Example
The library decided to catalogue all new books digitally.
La bibliothèque a décidé de cataloguer tous les nouveaux livres numériquement.
C2 verb /ʧeɪf/

chafe

froter
Meaning
To make or become sore by rubbing; to feel irritation or impatience.
Example
The tight shoes began to chafe his heels.
Les chaussures serrées ont commencé à frotter ses talons.
B2 verb ˈɪmplɪment

implement

implémenter
Meaning
To put a decision or plan into effect; to execute or apply.
Example
Implementing educational policies is essential for progress.
Il est essentiel d'implémenter les politiques éducatives pour le progrès.
C2 adjective /ʌnˈflɛdʒd/

unfledged

inexpérimenté
Meaning
Inexperienced, immature, or not fully developed.
Example
The unfledged writer struggled to complete his first novel.
L'écrivain inexpérimenté a eu du mal à terminer son premier roman.
C1 adjective /ˈfɛrəl/

feral

sauvage
Meaning
existing in a wild or untamed state; not domesticated
Example
The feral cat roamed the streets at night.
Le chat sauvage errait dans les rues la nuit.
A2 noun /pəˈliːsmən/

policeman

policier
Meaning
a man whose job is to enforce the law and keep public order
Example
The policeman directed the traffic at the intersection.
Le policier a dirigé la circulation à l'intersection.
B1 adjective /ˈʌpər/

upper

supérieur
Meaning
higher in position or rank
Example
The upper floor of the building is under renovation.
Le étage supérieur du bâtiment est en rénovation.
B1 adjective /draɪd/

dried

sec
Meaning
without moisture; preserved by removing water
Example
She added some dried flowers to the vase for decoration.
Elle a ajouté des fleurs sèches dans le vase pour la décoration.
B1 noun ˈfæmɪli triː

Family Tree

Arbre généalogique
Meaning
A diagram showing the relationships between people in several generations of a family.
Example
Creating a family tree helps understand family history.
Créer un arbre généalogique aide à comprendre l'histoire familiale.
C1 noun /ˈskrɪmɪdʒ/

scrimmage

match d'entraînement
Meaning
A practice game or informal match, often in sports, especially football.
Example
The team had a scrimmage before the official season started.
L'équipe a joué un match d'entraînement avant que la saison officielle commence.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈdeɪn/

disdain

mépris
Meaning
The feeling that someone or something is unworthy of respect; to regard with contempt.
Example
She looked at the messy room with open disdain.
Elle regarda la chambre en désordre avec du mépris.
C2 adjective /pʌɡˈneɪʃəs/

pugnacious

agressif
Meaning
Having a quarrelsome or combative nature; eager to fight.
Example
His pugnacious attitude often got him into trouble.
Son attitude agressive le mettait souvent dans des ennuis.
B2 noun /ˈmeɪər/

mayor

maire
Meaning
The elected head of a city, town, or municipality.
Example
The mayor announced a new policy to improve public transport.
Le maire a annoncé une nouvelle politique pour améliorer les transports publics.
C2 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːrt/

controvert

contredire
Meaning
to dispute or argue against; to contradict
Example
The scientist controversed the previous research findings.
Le scientifique a contredit les résultats de la recherche précédente.
C1 adjective ˈriːdʒən spəˈsɪfɪk

region-specific

spécifique à la région
Meaning
Relating to or characteristic of a particular region or area.
Example
Climate change impacts are region-specific.
Les impacts du changement climatique sont spécifiques à la région.
C2 noun /roʊˈtʌn.də.ti/

rotundity

rondeur
Meaning
the quality of being round or plump
Example
The rotundity of the balloon made it float gracefully.
La rondeur du ballon l'a fait flotter gracieusement.