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A2 conjunction /nɔːr/

nor

ni
Meaning
used to introduce a negative clause after a negative statement
Example
He didn't call, nor did he send a message.
Il n'a pas appelé, ni il n'a envoyé de message.
C1 adjective /ˈzɛsti/

zesty

épicé
Meaning
Having a strong, pleasant, and somewhat spicy flavor; full of energy and enthusiasm.
Example
The dish had a zesty flavor that everyone loved.
Le plat avait une saveur épicée que tout le monde a adorée.
C2 noun ˌsɜːkəmˈspekʃən

circumspection

prudence, éviter les risques
Meaning
The quality of being wary and unwilling to take risks; prudence.
Example
His circumspection ensured no mistakes were made.
Sa prudence a garanti qu'aucune erreur n'a été commise.
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

clique
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
Les étudiants ont formé une clique qui excluait les autres.
C2 noun /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡrəfi/

lexicography

lexicographie
Meaning
The art or practice of compiling dictionaries.
Example
Lexicography requires both linguistic and cultural knowledge.
La lexicographie nécessite à la fois des connaissances linguistiques et culturelles.
C2 noun /ˈɪnsələns/

insolence

insolence
Meaning
rude or disrespectful behavior
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's insolence.
L'enseignant a été choqué par l'insolence de l'élève.
A2 noun, verb /ˈriːzən/

reason

raison, motif
Meaning
A cause, explanation, or justification for an action or event; to think or argue logically.
Example
There is no reason to be upset.
Il n'y a aucune raison d'être contrarié.
B2 noun /dɪsˈpoʊzl/

disposal

élimination
Meaning
the action or process of getting rid of something
Example
The disposal of waste is crucial for maintaining a clean environment.
L'élimination des déchets est cruciale pour maintenir un environnement propre.
A1 verb /dɪˈsaɪd/

decide

décider
Meaning
To make a choice or judgment about something.
Example
She decided to study abroad after graduation.
Elle a décidé d'étudier à l'étranger après l'obtention de son diplôme.
C2 noun ˈsɒmnələns

somnolence

somnolence
Meaning
A state of drowsiness or sleepiness; inclination to sleep.
Example
The somnolence after a heavy meal made it hard to concentrate.
La somnolence après un repas copieux a rendu difficile la concentration.
C2 adjective /ˌæntɪməˈrɪdiən/

antemeridian

avant midi
Meaning
Relating to the time before noon; occurring in the morning.
Example
She scheduled all her important meetings during the antemeridian hours.
Elle a planifié toutes ses réunions importantes pendant les heures avant midi.
B2 noun /vɪˈsɪn.ə.ti/

Vicinity

proximité; voisinage
Meaning
the area near or surrounding a particular place; neighborhood
Example
There are many shops in the vicinity of the school.
Il y a beaucoup de magasins près de l'école.
C2 verb /ˈmɒlikɒdl/

mollycoddle

gâter
Meaning
To treat someone in an overprotective and indulgent way.
Example
Parents should avoid mollycoddling their children too much.
Les parents devraient éviter de gâter trop leurs enfants.
C1 noun /ˈælɪbaɪ/

alibi

alibi
Meaning
A claim or piece of evidence that one was elsewhere when an act, typically a crime, was committed.
Example
She had a strong alibi that proved she was at the cinema during the theft.
Elle avait un alibi solide qui prouvait qu'elle était au cinéma au moment du vol.
C1 verb /ˈtɪpɪfaɪ/

typify

représenter
Meaning
to represent or be a typical example of something
Example
His leadership style typifies the new corporate culture.
Son style de leadership incarne la nouvelle culture d'entreprise.
C1 noun /ˈlɪməˌziːn/

limousine

une grande voiture de luxe conduite par un chauffeur
Meaning
a large, luxurious car driven by a chauffeur.
Example
The bride arrived in a white limousine.
La mariée est arrivée dans une limousine blanche.
C2 noun /ˌviːələnsɛloʊ/

violoncello

violoncelle
Meaning
The full name of the cello, a large string instrument played with a bow and held between the knees.
Example
He practiced the violoncello for hours each day.
Il a pratiqué le violoncelle pendant des heures chaque jour.
B2 noun ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɪˌfɛkt

greenhouse effect

effet de serre
Meaning
The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Example
The greenhouse effect is increasing global temperatures.
L'effet de serre augmente les températures mondiales.
A2 adjective /ˈskeəri/

scary

effrayant
Meaning
causing fear or making you feel frightened
Example
That horror movie was really scary.
Ce film d'horreur était vraiment effrayant.
C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

livre de série B
Meaning
a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value
Example
The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.
Le roman a été rejeté par les critiques comme un simple livre de série B.
B1 noun /ˈkærɪdʒ/

carriage

carrosse
Meaning
a vehicle, typically a four-wheeled one, used for transporting goods or people, especially in the past
Example
The royal family traveled in a beautiful carriage during parades.
La famille royale voyageait dans un beau carrosse pendant les défilés.
B2 verb ˈeksɪkjuːt

execute

exécuter
Meaning
To carry out or put into effect a plan, order, or course of action.
Example
NASA plans to execute the mission in three phases.
La NASA prévoit d'exécuter la mission en trois phases.
B2 noun /ˌɪnstəˈbɪləti/

instability

instabilité
Meaning
lack of stability or balance; tendency to change, fail, or collapse easily
Example
Political instability has slowed economic growth in the region.
L’instabilité politique a ralenti la croissance économique de la région.
B2 noun /ɪkˈsploʊʒən/

explosion

explosion
Meaning
a violent burst or release of energy, often causing damage and noise
Example
The explosion shook the entire neighborhood.
L'explosion a secoué tout le quartier.
C1 adjective ɔːˈspɪʃ.əs

auspicious

favorable
Meaning
Favorable or bringing good luck and success
Example
The wedding was held on an auspicious day.
Le mariage a eu lieu un jour favorable.
B1 noun /əˈfer/

Affair

affaire; événement;
Meaning
an event or situation; a matter that someone deals with
Example
The wedding was a grand affair with hundreds of guests.
Le mariage était un grand événement avec des centaines d'invités.
B1 adverb /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

Otherwise

autrement; sinon
Meaning
in a different way; if not; or else; apart from that
Example
Study hard, otherwise you will fail the exam.
Étudie dur, sinon tu échoueras à l'examen.
C1 adjective ˈfɔːr.mɪ.də.bəl

formidable

formidable
Meaning
Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable.
Example
The boxer was a formidable opponent in the ring.
Le boxeur était un adversaire formidable sur le ring.
C2 noun /ˈmɪs.kri.ənt/

Miscreant

mécréant; criminel
Meaning
A person who behaves badly or illegally; a villain or criminal
Example
The miscreant was caught stealing from the store.
Le mécréant a été attrapé en train de voler dans le magasin.
C2 adjective /ˈveɪpərəs/

Vaporous

vaporeux; vague
Meaning
consisting of vapor; vague or insubstantial
Example
The morning air was filled with vaporous mist.
L'air du matin était rempli de brume vaporeuse.
C1 verb /ɪnˈklaɪn/

incline

s'incliner
Meaning
to feel willing or favorably disposed toward something; to bend or tilt
Example
She is inclined to agree with the proposal.
Elle est inclinée à être d'accord avec la proposition.
A2 noun /kɔːrn/

Corn

maïs
Meaning
a tall cereal plant that produces kernels on large ears; maize
Example
We grilled corn on the cob for dinner.
Nous avons grillé du maïs sur l'épi pour le dîner.
C2 adjective /dɪsˈkɜrsɪv/

discursive

discursif
Meaning
Tending to digress or move from topic to topic; lengthy and rambling.
Example
His discursive style made the lecture hard to follow.
Son style discursif a rendu la conférence difficile à suivre.
B1 noun /əˈmjuːzmənt/

Amusement

amusement; joie; divertissement
Meaning
the state or experience of finding something funny; entertainment or recreational activities
Example
The children's laughter showed their amusement at the clown's performance.
Le rire des enfants a montré leur amusement lors de la performance du clown.
C1 adverb /ˌʌnkənˈvɛnʃənəli/

unconventionally

de manière non conventionnelle
Meaning
in a way that is not based on or conforming to accepted standards or norms
Example
She dresses unconventionally, mixing bold colors and patterns that surprise everyone.
Elle s'habille de manière non conventionnelle, mélangeant des couleurs et des motifs audacieux qui surprennent tout le monde.
B1 adjective /ˈkriːmi/

creamy

texture lisse et riche comme la crème
Meaning
having a smooth, rich texture like cream
Example
She poured a creamy sauce over the pasta.
Elle a versé une sauce crémeuse sur les pâtes.
C1 verb /ˈdæb.əl/

dabble

tâtonner
Meaning
To take part in an activity in a casual or superficial way.
Example
He dabbled in painting during his college days.
Il a dabblé dans la peinture pendant ses années universitaires.
B2 adjective /ˈnoʊ.ɪŋ/

Knowing

connaissance; perspicace; astucieux;
Meaning
showing awareness or understanding; perceptive; shrewd
Example
She gave him a knowing smile when he mentioned the secret.
Elle lui a donné un sourire complice quand il a mentionné le secret.
C1 adjective ˈdɔːn.tɪŋ

daunting

intimidant ou difficile
Meaning
Something that seems intimidating or challenging.
Example
The task seemed daunting, but she completed it successfully.
La tâche semblait intimidante, mais elle l'a terminée avec succès.
C2 noun /ˈtjuːtərʃɪp/

tutorship

tutorat
Meaning
The office or position of a tutor; guidance or instruction given by a tutor.
Example
He thrived under the tutorship of his mentor.
Il a prospéré sous le tutorat de son mentor.
C2 noun /bəˈsuːn/

bassoon

un type de hautbois (instrument à vent en bois de grande taille)
Meaning
a large woodwind instrument with a deep sound
Example
The orchestra featured a beautiful bassoon solo.
L'orchestre a présenté un magnifique solo de basson.
C2 noun /ˈɡʌl.i/

gully

ravin, fossé
Meaning
A narrow channel or ravine worn away by water.
Example
After the storm, the road was cut by a deep gully.
Après la tempête, la route a été coupée par un ravin profond.
B2 noun /ˈdaɪ.vər/

Diver

plongeur
Meaning
a type of water bird that dives underwater to catch fish
Example
The diver disappeared beneath the surface to catch a fish.
Le plongeur a disparu sous la surface pour attraper un poisson.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controversé
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
La question controversée a divisé les dirigeants mondiaux.
C2 noun vəˈlɪʃən

volition

volonté
Meaning
The faculty or power of using one's will; the power of choosing or determining.
Example
She left the job of her own volition.
Elle a quitté le travail de son propre gré.
B2 noun /ɒdz/

odds

probabilité
Meaning
the likelihood or probability of something happening; chances for or against something
Example
The odds of winning the lottery are very low.
Les chances de gagner à la loterie sont très faibles.
C2 verb, noun /ˈɡoʊld.brɪk/

goldbrick

éviter le travail
Meaning
to avoid work or duty; a person who shirks responsibility
Example
He was accused of goldbricking while the rest of the team worked hard.
Il a été accusé d'éviter le travail pendant que le reste de l'équipe travaillait dur.
C1 adverb /ˈhɛdˌlɔŋ/

headlong

à toute allure
Meaning
With the head leading; in a rush or without thinking.
Example
She rushed headlong into the new project.
Elle s'est précipitée à toute allure dans le nouveau projet.
B1 noun /prəˈduː.sər/

Producer

producteur
Meaning
a person who supervises the making of a film, play, or broadcast program; someone who creates or manufactures goods
Example
The film producer invested millions in the new movie project.
Le producteur de film a investi des millions dans le nouveau projet cinématographique.
C1 adjective /ˈstoʊɪk/

stoic

stoïque, implacable
Meaning
Showing little or no emotion, even in difficult situations.
Example
She remained stoic during the crisis, never showing fear or panic.
Elle est restée stoïque pendant la crise, sans montrer de peur ni de panique.
B1 noun /ˈsɛt ʌp/

set-up

installation
Meaning
The arrangement or organization of something; a planned structure or scheme
Example
The company presented a new set-up for the office layout.
L'entreprise a présenté un nouveau set-up pour l'agencement du bureau.
B2 noun ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən

revolution

révolution
Meaning
A forcible overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system.
Example
The story is set during the French Revolution.
L'histoire se déroule pendant la Révolution Française.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tjʊ.mə.si/

contumacy

désobéissance, entêtement
Meaning
stubborn refusal to obey authority
Example
His contumacy led to his suspension from the council.
Sa désobéissance a conduit à sa suspension du conseil.
B1 noun /ˈʃed.juːl/

Schedule

emploi du temps; programme;
Meaning
a plan that lists things or events and the times when they will happen; timetable
Example
Please check your schedule before confirming the meeting time.
Veuillez vérifier votre emploi du temps avant de confirmer l'heure de la réunion.
B1 adjective /ɪkˈstrɔːr.dɪ.nər.i/

Extraordinary

extraordinaire; remarquable;
Meaning
very unusual; remarkable; going beyond what is normal or expected
Example
The magician's performance was extraordinary and left everyone amazed.
La performance du magicien était extraordinaire et a laissé tout le monde émerveillé
B2 adjective + noun অ্যাডভার্স ইমপ্যাক্ট

adverse impact

impact négatif
Meaning
A negative or harmful effect or influence on something.
Example
Long screen time has an adverse impact on hand muscles.
Un long temps d'écran a un impact négatif sur les muscles des mains.
C1 adjective /ˈstɛr.aɪl/

sterile

stérile
Meaning
Free from bacteria or other living microorganisms; incapable of producing offspring.
Example
The surgeon worked in a sterile environment to avoid infection.
Le chirurgien a travaillé dans un environnement stérile pour éviter l'infection.
C1 adverb /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəli/

incidentally

d'ailleurs
Meaning
by the way; used to introduce a remark not directly related to the main subject
Example
Incidentally, did you know that she studied in Paris?
D'ailleurs, savais-tu qu'elle avait étudié à Paris ?
B2 noun /ˈɪdɪət/

idiot

idiot
Meaning
a person who acts in a way that is considered very stupid or foolish
Example
He acted like an idiot at the party last night.
Il a agi comme un idiot à la fête hier soir.
B2 noun /hʊd/

Hood

capuche
Meaning
the expandable neck region of certain snakes like cobras; a covering for the head
Example
The cobra spread its hood when it felt threatened.
Le cobra a étendu son capuchon lorsqu'il a ressenti une menace.
C1 adjective /bəˈzɜːrk/

berserk

fou
Meaning
Out of control with anger or excitement; wild or frenzied.
Example
The fans went berserk when their team won the championship.
Les fans sont devenus fous lorsque leur équipe a gagné le championnat.
C2 noun /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/

encyclical

Lettre encyclique
Meaning
a formal letter sent by the Pope to Catholic churches, usually addressing important issues
Example
The Pope issued an encyclical on climate change and moral responsibility.
Le Pape a publié une lettre encyclique sur le changement climatique et la responsabilité morale.
C1 noun /ˈbuːt.stræp.ɪŋ/

bootstrapping

autofinancement
Meaning
Starting a business with personal resources or small investments without external funding or venture capital.
Example
Many entrepreneurs rely on bootstrapping to launch their businesses.
Beaucoup d'entrepreneurs dépendent du bootstrapping pour lancer leurs entreprises.
C1 adjective /ˌsekənd ˈreɪt/

second-rate

de seconde zone
Meaning
Of mediocre or inferior quality.
Example
The movie was entertaining but clearly second-rate compared to the original.
Le film était divertissant mais clairement de seconde zone comparé à l'original.
A1 adjective /fɜːrst/

first

premier
Meaning
coming before all others in time, order, or importance
Example
She was the first to arrive at the meeting.
Elle était la première à arriver à la réunion.
C1 noun/verb /fliːs/

fleece

la laine de mouton
Meaning
The woolly covering of a sheep; as a verb, to swindle or cheat someone.
Example
The farmer sheared the sheep’s fleece carefully.
Le fermier a soigneusement tondu la laine de la brebis.
C1 verb /ɔːrˈdeɪn/

ordain

ordonner
Meaning
To officially make someone a priest or minister; to decree or order something officially.
Example
The bishop will ordain three new priests this Sunday.
L'évêque ordonnera trois nouveaux prêtres ce dimanche.
B2 adjective /veɪn/

Vain

vaniteux; futile
Meaning
having excessive pride in one's appearance; futile or unsuccessful
Example
She spent hours in front of the mirror being quite vain.
Elle a passé des heures devant le miroir, étant assez vaniteuse.
B1 noun rɪˈdʌk.ʃən

reduction

réduction
Meaning
The action or fact of making a specified thing smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
Example
Greenhouse gas reduction is a primary global goal.
La réduction des gaz à effet de serre est un objectif mondial majeur.
C2 verb ˈlev.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ

levitating

lévitation
Meaning
Rising and hovering in the air, especially as a result of supernatural or magical power.
Example
The levitating structure is an engineering marvel.
La structure lévitante est une merveille d'ingénierie.
B1 preposition /rɪˈɡɑrdɪŋ/

regarding

concernant
Meaning
concerning or relating to
Example
The decision regarding the meeting will be made tomorrow.
La décision concernant la réunion sera prise demain.
C1 adjective /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/

analogous

analogue
Meaning
Comparable in certain respects, typically in a way that makes clearer the nature of things being compared.
Example
The human brain is analogous to a supercomputer.
Le cerveau humain est analogue à un superordinateur.
C1 noun /ˈdɪs.ə.nəns/

dissonance

dissonance
Meaning
Disagreement, lack of harmony, conflict between ideas or beliefs.
Example
The cultural dissonance created misunderstandings.
La dissonance culturelle a créé des malentendus.
C2 adjective /ˈpjuːɪsənt/

puissant

puissant
Meaning
having great power or influence; mighty
Example
The king was a puissant ruler whose word was law.
Le roi était un souverain puissant dont la parole faisait loi.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪfəˈrɛnʃəl/

differential

différentiel
Meaning
Relating to or showing a difference; involving a distinction.
Example
There is a differential treatment between the two groups.
Il existe un traitement différentiel entre les deux groupes.
C1 adverb, adjective /ˌɪnkɑːɡˈniːtoʊ/

incognito

incognito
Meaning
In disguise or with one's identity concealed.
Example
The celebrity traveled incognito to avoid the paparazzi.
La célébrité a voyagé incognito pour éviter les paparazzis.
B2 noun /ɡler/

Glare

un regard furieux ou en colère; une lumière forte et éblouissante
Meaning
a fierce or angry stare; a strong and dazzling light
Example
The teacher's stern glare silenced the noisy students immediately.
Le regard sévère du professeur a immédiatement fait taire les étudiants bruyants.
B2 noun /fəˈnɒmɪnən/

phenomenon

phénomène
Meaning
an observable event, fact, or occurrence, often unusual or remarkable
Example
The Northern Lights are a natural phenomenon.
Les Aurores boréales sont un phénomène naturel.
B1 adjective /əˈfɔːdəbl/

affordable

abordable
Meaning
inexpensive and within one's financial means
Example
This restaurant offers affordable meals for families.
Ce restaurant propose des repas abordables pour les familles.
C1 adjective səˈblaɪm

sublime

sublime, magnifique, majestueux
Meaning
Of such excellence, grandeur, or beauty as to inspire great admiration or awe.
Example
The sublime beauty of the mountain landscape took my breath away.
La beauté sublime du paysage montagneux m'a coupé le souffle.
B2 verb /rɪˈtriːt/

retreat

se retirer
Meaning
to move back or withdraw from a position or situation
Example
The soldiers had to retreat after losing the battle.
Les soldats ont dû se retirer après avoir perdu la bataille.
C1 noun /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/

countenance

visage, expression; soutien
Meaning
a person's face or expression; support or approval
Example
Her cheerful countenance brightened the room.
Son visage joyeux a éclairé la pièce.
A1 verb /læf/

laugh

rire
Meaning
to make sounds and movements expressing happiness or amusement
Example
The joke made everyone laugh.
La blague a fait rire tout le monde.
C1 noun mælˈnʌr.ɪʃ.mənt

malnourishment

malnutrition
Meaning
Lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.
Example
Children in poverty-stricken areas suffer from malnourishment.
Les enfants dans les zones appauvries souffrent de malnutrition.
B2 noun /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

autonomous vehicles

véhicules autonomes
Meaning
Vehicles that can operate and move without human intervention or control.
Example
Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing the future of transport.
Les véhicules autonomes révolutionnent l'avenir du transport.
B2 noun /rɒd/

rod

tige mince, surtout en métal ou bois
Meaning
a thin straight bar, especially of metal or wood
Example
He used an iron rod to support the structure.
Il a utilisé une tige en fer pour soutenir la structure.
C2 verb /ˌmɪsæprɪˈhɛnd/

misapprehend

mal comprendre
Meaning
to misunderstand or misinterpret something
Example
He misapprehended the teacher’s instructions and did the task incorrectly.
Il a mal compris les instructions du professeur et a fait la tâche incorrectement.
B1 noun /ruːt/

Root

racine; origine; base; cause
Meaning
the part of a plant that grows underground; the basic cause, source, or origin of something
Example
We need to find the root of this problem to solve it permanently.
Nous devons trouver la racine de ce problème pour le résoudre définitivement.
C1 noun /ˌpæn.əˈræm.ə/

panorama

panorama
Meaning
An unbroken view of the whole region surrounding an observer.
Example
From the hilltop, we enjoyed a breathtaking panorama of the city.
Depuis le sommet de la colline, nous avons apprécié un panorama époustouflant de la ville.
C1 noun /ˈmævərɪk/

maverick

personne indépendante
Meaning
An unorthodox or independent-minded person.
Example
The maverick scientist challenged established theories.
Le scientifique indépendant a défié les théories établies.
C1 adjective /ˈkræfti/

crafty

rusé, astucieux, sournois
Meaning
skilled at achieving goals through cunning or deceit; sly
Example
The crafty fox evaded the hunters again.
Le renard rusé a de nouveau échappé aux chasseurs.
C2 noun /hɔːɡ plʌm/

Hog plum

prune de hog
Meaning
tropical fruit with yellow skin and sour taste
Example
Hog plums are often used to make pickles and chutneys.
Les prunes de hog sont souvent utilisées pour faire des cornichons et des chutneys.
B1 noun /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/

ingredient

ingrédient
Meaning
A component part or element of something, especially in a recipe.
Example
Flour is a key ingredient in baking bread.
La farine est un ingrédient clé pour faire du pain.
C1 noun /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/

Disciple

disciple; partisan
Meaning
a follower and student of a teacher, leader, or philosopher; devoted follower
Example
The famous philosopher had many disciples who spread his teachings worldwide.
Le célèbre philosophe avait de nombreux disciples qui ont répandu ses enseignements dans le monde entier.
C1 noun /mjuːˈteɪʃn/

mutation

mutation, changement génétique
Meaning
A change in form, structure, or nature, especially in genetics.
Example
Scientists discovered a genetic mutation that caused the disorder.
Les scientifiques ont découvert une mutation génétique qui a causé le trouble.
A2 noun /ˈkɒlɪdʒ/

college

université
Meaning
An educational institution where students study for degrees or professional qualifications.
Example
She hopes to attend college in the city next year.
Elle espère fréquenter l'université en ville l'année prochaine.
C1 adjective /ˈmʌðərli/

Motherly

maternel
Meaning
having qualities characteristic of a mother; caring and protective
Example
She showed motherly care and affection towards all the children.
Elle a montré des soins et de l'affection maternels envers tous les enfants.
C1 adjective /ˈvendʒ.fəl/

Vengeful

vengéful
Meaning
seeking to harm someone in return for a perceived injury; vindictive
Example
She felt vengeful after her friend betrayed her trust.
Elle se sentit vengeresse après que son amie ait trahi sa confiance.
B2 adjective ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən.əl

constitutional

constitutionnel
Meaning
Relating to an established set of principles governing a state; in accordance with a political constitution.
Example
Constitutional reforms ensure fairness in the system.
Les réformes constitutionnelles assurent l'équité dans le système.
C2 verb /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːrt/

controvert

contredire
Meaning
to dispute or argue against; to contradict
Example
The scientist controversed the previous research findings.
Le scientifique a contredit les résultats de la recherche précédente.
B2 adjective /ˈfræʤaɪl/

fragile

fragile
Meaning
Easily broken or damaged; delicate.
Example
Be careful with that vase, it's very fragile.
Faites attention avec ce vase, il est très fragile.
C1 noun /ˌdaɪəˈrɑːmə/

diorama

diorama
Meaning
a three-dimensional model representing a scene, often with miniature figures
Example
The museum displayed a diorama of an ancient village.
Le musée a exposé un diorama d'un village ancien.
A1 conjunction /bɪˈkɔːz/

because

parce que
Meaning
for the reason that; since
Example
He stayed home because it was raining.
Il est resté à la maison parce qu'il pleuvait.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsaɪzər/

incisor

incisive
Meaning
a narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting
Example
The dentist noted that his upper left incisor was chipped.
Le dentiste a remarqué que son incisif supérieur gauche était fissuré.
C2 noun /ˌɛərəˈstætɪks/

aerostatics

aérostatique
Meaning
The branch of physics that deals with the equilibrium of air and gases and the forces acting on bodies in them.
Example
Aerostatics is essential for understanding how balloons float.
L'aérostatique est essentielle pour comprendre comment les ballons flottent.
A2 noun ˈhæpɪnəs

happiness

bonheur
Meaning
The feeling or state of being happy; a pleasurable or satisfying experience; contentment and joy.
Example
Happiness lies in enjoying the small things in life.
Le bonheur réside dans le fait de profiter des petites choses de la vie.
C2 noun /mɪlk raɪs/

Milk rice

riz au lait
Meaning
A sweet dessert made from rice cooked with milk and sugar
Example
My grandmother makes delicious milk rice for special occasions.
Ma grand-mère prépare un délicieux riz au lait pour des occasions spéciales.
B2 verb /dɪˈtekt/

detect

détecter
Meaning
to discover or identify the presence or existence of something; to notice something that is not immediately obvious
Example
The security system can detect movement in the building.
Le système de sécurité peut détecter le mouvement dans le bâtiment.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.əs/

Envious

envieux/envieuse; jaloux/jalouse
Meaning
feeling or showing envy; jealous
Example
She felt envious of her friend's new car.
Elle se sentait envieuse de la nouvelle voiture de son amie.
B1 noun /səˈdʒes.tʃən/

Suggestion

suggestion; conseil
Meaning
an idea or plan put forward for consideration; advice or recommendation
Example
Do you have any suggestions for improving our team's productivity?
Avez-vous des suggestions pour améliorer la productivité de notre équipe?
B2 noun /ˈtɛrərɪst/

terrorist

terroriste
Meaning
a person who uses violence or threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes
Example
The terrorist was arrested by the police after the attack.
Le terroriste a été arrêté par la police après l'attaque.
C2 noun /ˈtændʒənsi/

tangency

tangence
Meaning
the condition of touching but not intersecting, especially in geometry
Example
The circle and the line are in a state of tangency at one point.
Le cercle et la ligne sont en état de tangence en un point.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒŋɡruənt/

incongruent

incongruente
Meaning
Not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects.
Example
His casual outfit looked incongruent at the formal dinner.
Sa tenue décontractée semblait incongruente lors du dîner formel.
B2 noun ˈlɒŋ tɜːm ˈmɛm.ər.i

Long-term memory

mémoire à long terme
Meaning
Such memory that remains stored in the brain for a long time
Example
Repeated practice helps transfer information into long-term memory.
La pratique répétée aide à transférer les informations dans la mémoire à long terme.
C2 verb /ˈbɒtənaɪz/

botanize

étudier les plantes
Meaning
to study plants in their natural environment
Example
They went to the forest to botanize during their vacation.
Ils sont allés dans la forêt pour étudier les plantes pendant leurs vacances.
B2 noun /ˈsʌm.ɪt/

summit

sommet
Meaning
A high-level meeting between leaders, especially of governments; a conference.
Example
The summit addressed pressing global issues.
Le sommet a abordé des questions mondiales pressantes.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊniˌɪzəm/

cronyism

népotisme
Meaning
The practice of favoring friends or associates, especially in political appointments or business deals.
Example
The company was accused of cronyism in hiring practices.
L'entreprise a été accusée de népotisme dans ses pratiques de recrutement.
B2 adjective /poʊˈɛt.ɪk/

poetic

poétique
Meaning
having qualities of poetry; expressive, beautiful, or imaginative
Example
Her speech had a poetic rhythm that captivated the audience.
Son discours avait un rythme poétique qui captivait l'auditoire.
B2 noun /ˈɪn.flu.ən.sər/

Influencer

influenceur, personne qui recommande des produits
Meaning
A person with the ability to influence potential buyers of a product or service by promoting or recommending the items on social media.
Example
Social media influencers shape consumer preferences.
Les influenceurs des réseaux sociaux façonnent les préférences des consommateurs.
C2 noun /ˌbuː.ɡənˈvɪl.i.ə/

Bougainvillea

bougainvillée
Meaning
a tropical climbing plant with colorful bracts surrounding small flowers
Example
The bougainvillea climbing over the garden wall creates a beautiful purple display.
La bougainvillée grimpant sur le mur du jardin crée une belle exposition violette.
C1 verb /rɪˈklaɪn/

recline

se replier
Meaning
To lean or lie back in a relaxed position.
Example
She reclined on the sofa with a book.
Elle s'est allongée sur le canapé avec un livre.