non-cooperation
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C1 noun ˌnɒn.kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən

non-cooperation

désobéissance
Meaning
The practice of refusing to cooperate, especially as a form of protest.
Example
The non-cooperation movement gained momentum.
Le mouvement de désobéissance a pris de l'élan.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɪəriəs/

imperious

impérieux
Meaning
Arrogantly domineering or overbearing.
Example
Her imperious tone made it hard for others to argue.
Son ton impérieux rendait difficile pour les autres de discuter.
A2 adjective /ˈwʊdən/

wooden

en bois
Meaning
made of wood
Example
The house had beautiful wooden floors.
La maison avait de beaux planchers en bois.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

Innermost

le plus profond; le plus personnel
Meaning
most private and secret; deepest; most personal
Example
She shared her innermost feelings with her closest friend.
Elle a partagé ses sentiments les plus profonds avec son ami le plus proche.
B2 noun /flɔː/

flaw

défaut
Meaning
a defect or imperfection in something
Example
The diamond had a small flaw that was barely visible.
Le diamant avait un petit défaut à peine visible.
B2 noun /əˈkɔːrdəns/

accordance

conformité
Meaning
agreement or harmony with something; compliance with rules, laws, or wishes
Example
The policy was implemented in accordance with international law.
La politique a été mise en œuvre conformément au droit international.
C2 noun /ˈɪɡ.nəˌmɪn.i/

ignominy

ignominie
Meaning
Public shame, disgrace, or dishonor.
Example
He lived the rest of his life in ignominy after the scandal.
Il a vécu le reste de sa vie dans l'ignominie après le scandale.
B1 noun /ˈjuːs.fəl.nəs/

Usefulness

utilité
Meaning
the quality of being useful; practical value or helpfulness
Example
The usefulness of this tool became apparent during the project.
L'utilité de cet outil est devenue évidente pendant le projet.
C2 adjective /ˈsæ.loʊ/

sallow

jaunâtre
Meaning
Of an unhealthy yellow or pale brown color, often referring to skin.
Example
His sallow complexion made him look tired and sickly.
Son teint jaunâtre le faisait paraître fatigué et malade.
B2 noun /buːθ/

booth

cabine
Meaning
a small enclosed space or area used for a specific purpose, such as voting or selling.
Example
He went into the voting booth to cast his ballot.
Il est allé dans la cabine de vote pour déposer son bulletin.
B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɛnsɪvli/

extensively

de manière extensive
Meaning
in a thorough or wide-ranging manner
Example
She traveled extensively across Europe for her research.
Elle a voyagé de manière extensive à travers l'Europe pour ses recherches.
B1 verb /daɪv/

dive

plonger
Meaning
to plunge headfirst into water or another substance
Example
He decided to dive into the pool on a hot day.
Il a décidé de plonger dans la piscine par une journée chaude.
B1 noun /ˈʃed.juːl/

Schedule

emploi du temps; programme;
Meaning
a plan that lists things or events and the times when they will happen; timetable
Example
Please check your schedule before confirming the meeting time.
Veuillez vérifier votre emploi du temps avant de confirmer l'heure de la réunion.
C1 noun ˈfeɪz.aʊt

phase-out

suppression progressive
Meaning
A gradual reduction and eventual elimination of something.
Example
A phase-out of fossil fuels was agreed upon.
Il a été convenu de la suppression progressive des combustibles fossiles.
C2 verb ˈɪn.kʌl.keɪt

inculcate

inculquer
Meaning
Instill an attitude, idea, or habit by persistent instruction; to teach and impress by frequent repetitions.
Example
Parents should inculcate good values in their children.
Les parents devraient inculquer de bonnes valeurs à leurs enfants.
B1 verb /stɛə/

stare

fixer
Meaning
to look at something with a fixed gaze
Example
She stared at the painting for hours.
Elle fixa le tableau pendant des heures.
B2 noun /ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

organic farming

agriculture biologique
Meaning
Farming method that avoids synthetic chemicals and fertilizers, using natural methods instead.
Example
Organic farming improves soil health and reduces pollution.
L'agriculture biologique améliore la santé des sols et réduit la pollution.
B2 adjective /ˈlɪb.ər.əl/

Liberal

libéral; tolérant; généreux; progressiste dans la pensée
Meaning
open-minded; tolerant; generous; progressive in thinking
Example
She has a liberal attitude towards different cultures and beliefs.
Elle a une attitude libérale envers différentes cultures et croyances.
A2 noun /ˈmænɪdʒər/

manager

gestionnaire
Meaning
a person responsible for controlling or administering an organization or group of staff
Example
The manager approved the new project plan.
Le gestionnaire a approuvé le nouveau plan de projet.
C1 adjective /ˈpoʊləraɪzd/

polarized

polarisé
Meaning
divided into two sharply contrasting groups or opinions
Example
The debate polarized the community on the issue of climate change.
Le débat a polarisé la communauté sur la question du changement climatique.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

à carreaux
Meaning
Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.
Example
He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.
Il a eu une carrière à carreaux avec de nombreux hauts et bas.
C2 noun /ˈlɛtʃ.əri/

lechery

lubie
Meaning
excessive or offensive sexual desire; lustfulness
Example
The novel depicted the lechery of corrupt nobles.
Le roman dépeignait la lubricité des nobles corrompus.
C2 noun /riːm/

ream

rame
Meaning
A large quantity of paper (typically 500 sheets); informally, a large amount of something.
Example
The office ordered ten reams of paper.
Le bureau a commandé dix rames de papier.
B1 noun /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/

Unemployment

chômage
Meaning
the state of being unemployed; lack of paid work
Example
The unemployment rate has increased significantly this year.
Le taux de chômage a augmenté de manière significative cette année.
B2 noun /ˈælkəhɒlɪzəm/

alcoholism

alcoolisme
Meaning
A chronic disease characterized by uncontrolled drinking and preoccupation with alcohol.
Example
His alcoholism affected both his health and his family life.
Son alcoolisme a affecté sa santé et sa vie familiale.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrəriz/

contraries

choses opposées
Meaning
things that are completely different or opposite to each other
Example
Freedom and slavery are contraries in every sense.
La liberté et l'esclavage sont des contraires dans tous les sens.
B2 noun /ˌfiː.ɑːnˈseɪ/

Fiancee

fiancée
Meaning
a woman who is engaged to be married
Example
John bought a beautiful engagement ring for his fiancee.
John a acheté une belle bague de fiançailles pour sa fiancée.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkrɪˈdjuːləti/

incredulity

incrédulité
Meaning
the state of being unwilling or unable to believe something
Example
She looked at him with incredulity after hearing the strange story.
Elle le regarda avec incrédulité après avoir entendu l'histoire étrange.
C1 adjective /ˌwɛl tə ˈduː/

well-to-do

richissime
Meaning
Prosperous, wealthy, or financially comfortable.
Example
They belong to a well-to-do family in the city.
Ils font partie d'une famille riche dans la ville.
B2 noun /kənˈfɛkʃəneri/

confectionery

confiserie
Meaning
sweets, candies, and other food items made with sugar
Example
The shop sells a wide variety of confectionery.
Le magasin vend une grande variété de confiserie.
B1 verb /əˈkɜːr/

occur

se produire
Meaning
to happen or take place; to be found or present
Example
The accident occurred at the intersection during rush hour.
L'accident est survenu à l'intersection pendant l'heure de pointe.
C2 noun /broʊɡ/

brogue

chaussure robuste; accent
Meaning
A strong outdoor shoe; also a marked accent, especially Irish or Scottish.
Example
He bought a pair of stylish brogues for the wedding.
Il a acheté une paire de brogues élégantes pour le mariage.
C2 adjective ˌɪn.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs

inefficacious

inefficace
Meaning
Not producing any or the desired effect; ineffective.
Example
The treatment was inefficacious in curing the disease.
Le traitement a été inefficace pour guérir la maladie.
B2 noun /slæŋ/

Slang

argot; langage informel
Meaning
very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written
Example
The teenagers used slang that their parents couldn't understand.
Les adolescents ont utilisé du slang que leurs parents ne pouvaient pas comprendre.
C1 noun /ˈtæpəstri/

tapestry

tapisserie
Meaning
A piece of thick textile fabric with pictures or designs woven into it, often hung on walls.
Example
The museum displayed an ancient tapestry from the 15th century.
Le musée a exposé une tapisserie ancienne du XVe siècle.
C1 noun /ˈprəʊ.lɒɡ/

prologue

prologue
Meaning
an introduction to a book, play, or event
Example
The novel begins with a short prologue set in the past.
Le roman commence par un court prologue situé dans le passé.
C1 noun /ˈkɒntrəbænd/

contraband

marchandises illégales
Meaning
goods that are illegal to import, export, or possess
Example
The police seized a shipment of contraband cigarettes.
La police a saisi une cargaison de cigarettes de contrebande.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpruː.dəns/

Imprudence

imprudence; négligence; témérité
Meaning
the quality of being imprudent; lack of care for consequences; recklessness
Example
His financial imprudence led to bankruptcy within just two years.
Son imprudence financière a conduit à la faillite en seulement deux ans.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnstənsi/

constancy

constance
Meaning
the quality of being faithful and dependable
Example
Her constancy in friendship is admirable.
Sa constance en amitié est admirable.
C2 noun ˌiːkwəˈnɪməti

equanimity

Calme mental, maîtrise de soi et équilibre, surtout dans une situation difficile
Meaning
Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
She handled the news with remarkable equanimity.
Elle a géré la nouvelle avec une equanimité remarquable.
C2 verb /ˈɡlaʊ.ər/

glower

regarder avec colère
Meaning
To look at someone with an angry or sullen expression.
Example
He glowered at his rival across the room.
Il regarda son rival de l'autre côté de la pièce avec colère.
C2 noun /nɛˈkroʊsɪs/

necrosis

nécrose
Meaning
the death of body tissue due to disease, injury, or lack of blood supply
Example
The doctor explained that the patient’s wound showed signs of necrosis.
Le médecin a expliqué que la blessure du patient montrait des signes de nécrose.
A2 noun /ʃɪp/

Ship

navire
Meaning
a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and seas
Example
The cargo ship departed from the port at dawn.
Le navire de fret a quitté le port à l'aube.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskjuːzəbl/

excusable

excusable
Meaning
Able to be forgiven or justified.
Example
Her mistake was excusable given the circumstances.
Son erreur était excusable étant donné les circonstances.
B1 noun ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv

alternative

alternative
Meaning
(Of one or more things) available as another possibility or choice.
Example
Finding an alternative to plastic is essential.
Trouver une alternative au plastique est essentiel.
C1 noun dɪˈtætʃ.mənt

detachment

détachement
Meaning
The state of being objective or aloof; not being emotionally involved.
Example
Buddhist philosophy encourages detachment from material desires.
La philosophie bouddhiste encourage le détachement des désirs matériels.
C2 noun /əˈrɔɪ.oʊ/

arroyo

ruisseau sec
Meaning
A dry creek or stream bed that temporarily fills with water after heavy rain.
Example
After the storm, the arroyo quickly filled with rushing water.
Après la tempête, le ruisseau s'est rapidement rempli d'eau.
B2 noun /əˈplɔːz/

applause

applaudissements
Meaning
the sound of people clapping their hands to show approval or enjoyment
Example
The actor received loud applause after his performance.
L'acteur a reçu de vifs applaudissements après sa performance.
C2 noun /ɪmˌprɒb.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Improbability

improbabilité
Meaning
the quality or state of being improbable; unlikely to be true or to happen
Example
The improbability of winning the lottery twice didn't stop her from buying tickets.
L'improbabilité de gagner à la loterie deux fois ne l'a pas empêchée d'acheter des billets.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/

iconoclastic

Caractérisé par l'attaque ou le rejet des croyances, des traditions ou des valeurs établies.
Meaning
Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.
Example
Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.
Ses vues iconoclastes ont défié la sagesse conventionnelle de l'industrie.
B2 noun /ˈwɔtər ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪər/

Water purifier

purificateur d'eau
Meaning
A device that removes contaminants and impurities from water to make it safe for drinking
Example
We installed a water purifier in our kitchen to ensure clean drinking water.
Nous avons installé un purificateur d'eau dans notre cuisine pour garantir une eau potable propre.
C2 noun /ɛθˈnɒlədʒi/

ethnology

ethnologie
Meaning
the study of the characteristics of different peoples and the differences and relationships between them
Example
She specialized in ethnology to better understand cultural diversity.
Elle s'est spécialisée en ethnologie pour mieux comprendre la diversité culturelle.
B2 noun /kwəʊˈteɪʃən/

quotation

citation; devis
Meaning
a group of words taken from a text or speech and repeated exactly; an estimated price given for goods or services
Example
The article opened with a famous quotation from Shakespeare.
L’article s’ouvrait par une citation célèbre de Shakespeare.
B2 noun /ˌɔːtəbaɪˈɒɡrəfi/

autobiography

autobiographie
Meaning
An account of a person's life written by that person.
Example
She published an autobiography about her journey to success.
Elle a publié une autobiographie sur son parcours vers le succès.
B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mət əˌdæp.teɪ.ʃən/

climate adaptation

adaptation climatique
Meaning
The process of adjusting to current or expected climate change and its effects.
Example
Climate adaptation ensures resilience to change.
L'adaptation climatique assure la résilience face au changement.
B1 noun /bʊl/

bull

taureau
Meaning
a male animal of the cattle family; sometimes refers to a strong or aggressive man
Example
The bull charged across the field towards the red flag.
Le taureau a chargé à travers le champ vers le drapeau rouge.
C1 adjective /ˈsɪlkən/

Silken

en soie; doux; lisse;
Meaning
made of silk; smooth and soft like silk
Example
She wore a beautiful silken dress to the party.
Elle portait une belle robe en soie à la fête.
C1 adjective /ˈrɪkɪti/

rickety

fragile
Meaning
Poorly made and likely to collapse; shaky.
Example
They crossed a rickety wooden bridge over the river.
Ils ont traversé un pont en bois fragile sur la rivière.
C2 verb /ˈtrʌk.əl/

truckle

se soumettre
Meaning
To submit or yield obsequiously to someone in power.
Example
He refused to truckle to the demands of the corrupt officials.
Il a refusé de se soumettre aux demandes des fonctionnaires corrompus.
C2 adjective /ˈroʊziət/

roseate

rosé, optimiste
Meaning
Having a pink color; optimistic or idealistic.
Example
She looked at the future with roseate optimism.
Elle regarda l'avenir avec un optimisme rose.
B2 adjective /ˈhʌm.bəl/

Humble

modeste
Meaning
modest; not proud; unassuming;
Example
Despite his success, he remained humble and kind.
Malgré son succès, il est resté modeste et gentil.
B2 verb (phrasal) /ˈpæs ˌɔːf/

pass-off

présenter quelque chose de faux comme réel; faire semblant
Meaning
to present something or someone falsely as something else; to pretend or deceive
Example
He tried to pass off the fake watch as a luxury brand.
Il a essayé de faire passer la montre contrefaite pour une marque de luxe.
B2 noun /ˈlaɪf.taɪm/

lifetime

durée de vie
Meaning
The duration of a person's life or the existence of something.
Example
She achieved more in her lifetime than most people dream of.
Elle a accompli plus dans sa vie que la plupart des gens n'osent rêver.
A2 noun /tiːm/

team

équipe
Meaning
a group of people working together towards a common goal
Example
Our team won the match after a great effort.
Notre équipe a gagné le match après un grand effort.
C1 noun /ˈtɛmptər/

tempter

tentateur
Meaning
a person or thing that entices someone into doing something wrong
Example
The tempter whispered false promises into his ear.
Le tentateur chuchota de fausses promesses à son oreille.
B2 noun /ˌɪntərˈfɪərəns/

interference

interférence
Meaning
the action of interfering with something
Example
The radio signal was disrupted due to interference from nearby electronics.
Le signal radio a été perturbé en raison de l'interférence des appareils électroniques à proximité.
B2 verb /ˈskræmbəl/

scramble

grimper ou mélanger rapidement
Meaning
to move or climb quickly using hands and feet; to mix or arrange in a hurried way
Example
The kids scrambled up the hill to catch the kite.
Les enfants ont grimpé rapidement la colline pour attraper le cerf-volant.
C2 noun /ˌfrɪdʒɪˈdɛːriəm/

frigidarium

bain froid
Meaning
a large cold pool in ancient Roman baths used for cooling off after hot baths
Example
The ruins of the Roman frigidarium are still visible today.
Les ruines du frigidarium romain sont encore visibles aujourd'hui.
A2 noun /ˌænɪˈvɜːrsəri/

anniversary

anniversaire
Meaning
the yearly recurrence of a date marking a past event
Example
They celebrated their wedding anniversary with a dinner.
Ils ont célébré leur anniversaire de mariage avec un dîner.
C1 noun ˈiː.pɒk

epoch

époque
Meaning
A period of time in history or a person's life, typically one marked by notable events or particular characteristics.
Example
The invention of the internet marked a new epoch in human history.
L'invention d'internet a marqué une nouvelle époque dans l'histoire humaine.
B2 noun /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdə(r)/

outsider

étranger
Meaning
a person who is not accepted as a member of a particular group or community
Example
As a new student, she often felt like an outsider at school.
En tant que nouvelle étudiante, elle se sentait souvent comme une étrangère à l'école.
C2 noun /fɪˈlændərər/

philanderer

volage
Meaning
a man who habitually engages in casual romantic or sexual affairs
Example
The politician was exposed as a notorious philanderer.
Le politicien a été exposé comme un célèbre volage.
B2 noun ɪnˈsɛntɪvz

incentives

incitations, incitatifs
Meaning
Things that motivate or encourage one to do something.
Example
Tax incentives are used to encourage investment in renewable energy.
Les incitations fiscales sont utilisées pour encourager les investissements dans l'énergie renouvelable.
C1 adjective /ˈræb.ɪd/

rabid

enragé
Meaning
Having extreme or fanatical support for something; relating to or suffering from rabies.
Example
He was a rabid fan of the football team.
Il était un fan enragé de l'équipe de football.
C2 verb /ˈbɜːrdʒən/

burgeon

croître rapidement
Meaning
To grow or develop rapidly; to flourish.
Example
The city's population began to burgeon after the new factory opened.
La population de la ville a commencé à croître rapidement après l'ouverture de la nouvelle usine.
B1 noun /ˌrɛzəˈluːʃən/

resolution

résolution, décision
Meaning
The action of solving a problem, dispute, or contentious matter.
Example
The resolution of the issue requires careful planning and action.
La résolution du problème nécessite une planification et une action minutieuses.
C1 noun /ˈmiːdieɪtər/

Mediator

médiateur
Meaning
A person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict agree
Example
The United Nations often acts as a mediator in international disputes.
Les Nations Unies agissent souvent comme médiateur dans les conflits internationaux.
C2 noun /ˈmæn.li.nəs/

manliness

virilité
Meaning
The quality of being manly; courage, strength, and honor associated with men.
Example
His manliness was admired by his peers.
Sa virilité a été admirée par ses pairs.
C2 adjective /ˈhaɪdrəs/

hydrous

hydraté
Meaning
Containing water, especially water of crystallization.
Example
The mineral is hydrous because it contains water molecules in its structure.
Le minéral est hydraté car il contient des molécules d'eau dans sa structure.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɒvɪdənt/

improvident

imprudent
Meaning
Not having or showing foresight; spending wastefully or without thought for the future.
Example
His improvident habits left him with no savings.
Ses habitudes imprudentes l'ont laissé sans économies.
B2 verb /kənˈfaɪd/

confide

confier
Meaning
To tell someone about a secret or private matter while trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
He confided his worries to his best friend.
Il a confié ses préoccupations à son meilleur ami.
B2 adjective /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/

exclusive

réservé à une personne, un groupe ou une zone particulière; non partagé avec d'autres
Meaning
restricted to a particular person, group, or area; not shared with others
Example
The hotel offers exclusive access to a private beach.
L'hôtel offre un accès exclusif à une plage privée.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

implausible
Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
L'histoire qu'elle a racontée était tellement implausible que personne ne l'a cru.
C2 noun /ˈdɛftnəs/

deftness

dextérité
Meaning
Skillfulness and quickness in action or thought.
Example
Her deftness with words impressed the audience.
Sa dextérité avec les mots a impressionné le public.
A1 noun/adjective/preposition /pɑːst/

past

passé
Meaning
the time before the present; gone by in time
Example
He often thinks about his past mistakes.
Il pense souvent à ses erreurs passées.
B1 adjective /ˈɜːrbən/

urban

urbain
Meaning
related to, characteristic of, or situated in a city or town
Example
Urban areas often have higher population density than rural areas.
Les zones urbaines ont souvent une densité de population plus élevée que les zones rurales.
C1 verb /ɪnˈkɑːrsəreɪt/

incarcerate

incarcérer
Meaning
to imprison or confine someone
Example
The authorities incarcerated the criminal after the trial.
Les autorités ont emprisonné le criminel après le procès.
B1 noun ˌkriː.eɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

creativity

créativité
Meaning
The ability to use imagination to produce original ideas or to make something new or imaginative.
Example
His creativity was evident in his artwork.
Sa créativité était évidente dans son art.
B1 adjective /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

United

unis; ensemble; d'accord
Meaning
joined together for a common purpose; in agreement
Example
The team was united in their goal to win.
L'équipe était unie dans son objectif de gagner.
C2 adjective /ˈrɪbɔːld/

ribald

blagues vulgaires
Meaning
Referring to sexual matters in a humorous or vulgar way.
Example
The comedian’s ribald jokes made the audience laugh uncomfortably.
Les blagues vulgaires du comédien ont fait rire le public de manière inconfortable.
C2 adjective /prɪˈzʌmptɪv/

presumptive

présumé
Meaning
Based on probability or assumption rather than proof.
Example
She is the presumptive nominee for the party.
Elle est la candidate présumée pour le parti.
A2 noun /ɡʌn/

Gun

arme à feu
Meaning
a weapon that fires bullets or other projectiles from a metal tube
Example
The soldier cleaned his gun after the training session.
Le soldat a nettoyé son arme après la session d'entraînement.
B2 noun ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən

preservation

préservation
Meaning
The action of maintaining something in its original or existing state; protection from harm or damage.
Example
Proper preservation extends the lifespan of machinery.
Une bonne préservation prolonge la durée de vie des machines.
C1 noun /ˈækwɪˌdʌkt/

aqueduct

aqueduc
Meaning
a structure built to carry water over long distances
Example
The Romans built aqueducts to supply water to their cities.
Les Romains ont construit des aqueducs pour fournir de l'eau à leurs villes.
B2 verb /ˈæɡ.rə.veɪt/

aggravate

aggraver
Meaning
To make a situation worse or more serious.
Example
Scratching the rash will only aggravate the condition.
Gratter l'éruption ne fera qu'aggraver la condition.
B1 noun /blæk ˈpep.ər/

Black Pepper

poivre noir
Meaning
a hot-tasting spice made from dried peppercorns, widely used for seasoning food
Example
Season the steak with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Assaisonnez le steak avec du sel et du poivre noir fraîchement moulu.
C2 adjective /ˈfæləbl/

fallible

capable de faire des erreurs
Meaning
capable of making mistakes or being wrong
Example
Even experts are fallible and can make errors.
Même les experts sont faillibles et peuvent faire des erreurs.
C2 adjective /sɒmˈnɪfərəs/

somniferous

somnifère
Meaning
Tending to induce sleep; soporific.
Example
The professor's somniferous lecture put half the class to sleep.
Le cours somnifère du professeur a endormi la moitié de la classe.
B2 noun /ˈsen.tɪ.piːd/

Centipede

centipède
Meaning
a long thin creature with many legs that lives in dark places
Example
I found a centipede crawling under the rock.
J'ai trouvé un centipède rampant sous la roche.
B2 noun ˈæt.rɪ.bjuːt

attribute

attribut
Meaning
A quality or feature regarded as a characteristic or inherent part of someone or something.
Example
An important attribute of wood is its flexibility.
Une caractéristique importante du bois est sa flexibilité.
C1 noun ˈɪn.fər.əns

inference

inférence
Meaning
A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning; logical deduction.
Example
Scientists make inferences based on experimental data.
Les scientifiques font des inférences basées sur des données expérimentales.
B2 noun /ˈrɛlɪvəns/

relevance

pertinence
Meaning
the quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate
Example
The relevance of the information was clear to everyone.
La pertinence de l'information était claire pour tout le monde.
C2 noun /ˈhʌk.stər/

huckster

vendeur ambulant
Meaning
A person who sells small items aggressively, often in a showy or dishonest way.
Example
The huckster loudly promoted his goods in the busy marketplace.
Le vendeur ambulant a bruyamment promu ses marchandises dans le marché bondé.
B2 noun /sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kəns/

Significance

signification
Meaning
the quality of being worthy of attention; importance
Example
The discovery has great significance for medical research.
La découverte a une grande importance pour la recherche médicale.
C1 adjective /ˈʃɑːdi/

shoddy

de mauvaise qualité
Meaning
badly made or done; of poor quality
Example
The contractor did a shoddy job on the repairs.
L'entrepreneur a fait un travail de mauvaise qualité lors des réparations.
C1 adjective /dʒuːˈdɪʃ.əl/

judicial

judiciaire
Meaning
relating to judges, courts, or the administration of justice
Example
The new law faced strong judicial review before implementation.
La nouvelle loi a été soumise à un examen judiciaire rigoureux avant son application.
C1 noun ˈsɒl.vən.si

solvency

la possession d'actifs supérieurs aux passifs; capacité à rembourser les dettes
Meaning
The possession of assets in excess of liabilities; ability to pay debts.
Example
The company's solvency improved after restructuring.
La solvabilité de l'entreprise s'est améliorée après la restructuration.
C2 adjective /əˈbɑː.mə.nə.bəl/

abominable

abominable
Meaning
causing moral revulsion; extremely unpleasant
Example
The prisoners were kept in abominable conditions.
Les prisonniers ont été gardés dans des conditions abominables.
B2 adjective /dɪˈbeɪtəbl̩/

debatable

débatable
Meaning
open to discussion or doubt; not certain
Example
It is debatable whether the policy will work.
Il est débattable que la politique fonctionne.
C1 noun /rɪˈteɪnər/

retainer

avance / appareil de maintien
Meaning
a fee paid in advance to secure someone's services, or a device that holds something in place
Example
The lawyer asked for a retainer before taking the case.
L'avocat a demandé un avance avant de prendre l'affaire.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/

Rigidity

rigidité
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
La rigidité de l'ancien système a empêché toute innovation.
B2 noun /ˌɒn.trə.prəˈnɜːr/

Entrepreneur

personne qui organise et dirige une entreprise ou des entreprises
Meaning
a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses
Example
The young entrepreneur started her own tech company at age 22.
La jeune entrepreneuse a démarré sa propre entreprise technologique à l'âge de 22 ans.
C1 noun /dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/

denunciation

dénonciation / accusation publique
Meaning
the public condemnation or accusation of someone or something
Example
The journalist's article was a strong denunciation of corruption.
L'article du journaliste était une forte dénonciation de la corruption.
C1 adjective /ˌɒmnɪˈprezənt/

omnipresent

omniprésent
Meaning
(of God) present everywhere at the same time.
Example
Social media has become an omnipresent force in modern society.
Les médias sociaux sont devenus une force omniprésente dans la société moderne.
A2 adverb/adjective/verb /ˈfɜːrðər/

further

avancer
Meaning
At a greater distance; to advance or promote something.
Example
She studied hard to further her career.
Elle a étudié dur pour faire avancer sa carrière.
A2 verb /ˈmænɪdʒ/

manage

gérer
Meaning
to control or organize something; to succeed in doing something difficult
Example
He manages a team of twenty employees effectively.
Il gère une équipe de vingt employés de manière efficace.
B2 noun /ˈkɜːr.tə.si/

Courtesy

courtoisie; politesse;
Meaning
the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others; a polite gesture or remark
Example
He showed great courtesy by holding the door open for elderly people.
Il a montré une grande courtoisie en tenant la porte ouverte pour les personnes âgées.
B2 adjective /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt/

subsequent

subséquent
Meaning
Coming after something in time; following in time or order.
Example
Subsequent events clarified the outcomes.
Les événements subséquents ont clarifié les résultats.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

relatif à la croissance ou aux processus fondamentaux de la vie
Meaning
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
Example
The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.
Le patient est resté dans un état végétatif après l'accident.
C1 noun ˈlɪniɪdʒ

Lineage

lignée
Meaning
Direct descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree.
Example
Tracing your lineage can reveal unknown ancestors.
Tracer votre lignée peut révéler des ancêtres inconnus.
A2 adjective ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl

physical

physique
Meaning
Relating to things perceived through the senses as opposed to the mind; tangible or concrete.
Example
Physical components form the system's base.
Les composants physiques forment la base du système.