most vulnerable nation
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C1 noun moʊst ˈvʌlnərəbəl ˈneɪʃən

most vulnerable nation

nation la plus vulnérable
Meaning
A country that is highly exposed to risks and lacks adequate protection or resilience.
Example
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
Le Bangladesh est l'un des pays les plus vulnérables aux changements climatiques.
C2 adjective /ˈməʊdɪʃ/

modish

à la mode
Meaning
conforming to or following current fashion or style
Example
She wore a modish outfit that caught everyone’s attention.
Elle portait une tenue modish qui attirait l'attention de tout le monde.
B2 noun /ˈmʌð.ər.hʊd/

Motherhood

maternité
Meaning
the state of being a mother; the qualities of a mother
Example
She embraced the joys and challenges of motherhood.
Elle a embrassé les joies et les défis de la maternité.
B2 noun /mɑːrz/

Mars

Mars
Meaning
The fourth planet from the Sun; the Roman god of war
Example
Scientists are planning a manned mission to Mars in the next decade.
Les scientifiques prévoient une mission habitée vers Mars dans la prochaine décennie.
A2 noun /ˈmɒn.stər/

Monster

monstre; personne cruelle
Meaning
a large, ugly, and frightening imaginary creature; a cruel person
Example
The children were scared of the monster under the bed.
Les enfants avaient peur du monstre sous le lit.
C1 noun /ˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/

mediation

médiation
Meaning
Intervention between parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or compromise.
Example
The mediation helped resolve the conflict between the two teams.
La médiation a aidé à résoudre le conflit entre les deux équipes.
C2 verb /ˈmɔːrtɪfaɪ/

mortify

mortifier
Meaning
to cause someone to feel great embarrassment or shame
Example
She was mortified when she tripped on stage.
Elle était mortifiée lorsqu'elle a trébuché sur scène.
B1 noun /məˈkænɪk/

mechanic

mécanicien
Meaning
a person who repairs and maintains machines or vehicles
Example
The mechanic fixed the engine in less than an hour.
Le mécanicien a réparé le moteur en moins d'une heure.
B2 noun ˈmɑːr.kɪt ɪˈkɒn.ə.mi

market economy

économie de marché
Meaning
An economic system where production and pricing decisions are controlled by individuals and based on supply and demand.
Example
A market economy allows businesses to compete freely.
Une économie de marché permet aux entreprises de concurrencer librement.
B2 verb /ˈmeməraɪz/

memorize

mémoriser
Meaning
to learn something by heart; to commit to memory
Example
Students need to memorize important formulas for the exam.
Les étudiants doivent mémoriser les formules importantes pour l'examen.
C2 noun /məˈdɒn.ə/

madonna

madonna (Vierge Marie)
Meaning
An artistic representation of the Virgin Mary; also used as a respectful form of address for a woman in Italian culture.
Example
The Renaissance painting depicts a Madonna holding child Jesus.
La peinture de la Renaissance dépeint une Madonna tenant l'enfant Jésus.
C1 noun /məˈnɒɡəmi/

monogamy

monogamie
Meaning
The practice of being married to or in a relationship with only one person at a time.
Example
Many cultures encourage monogamy as the ideal form of marriage.
De nombreuses cultures encouragent la monogamie comme la forme idéale de mariage.
C2 noun /mɪˌsɛdʒəˈneɪʃən/

miscegenation

métissage
Meaning
the interbreeding of people considered to be of different racial types
Example
The law once prohibited miscegenation in many countries.
La loi interdisait autrefois la miscegénation dans de nombreux pays.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

misrepresent

falsifier
Meaning
to give a false or misleading account of something
Example
The lawyer accused the witness of trying to misrepresent the facts.
L'avocat a accusé le témoin d'avoir tenté de déformer les faits.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌθiːɪzəm/

monotheism

monothéisme
Meaning
The belief in the existence of only one God.
Example
Islam and Christianity are religions based on monotheism.
L'islam et le christianisme sont des religions basées sur le monothéisme.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪkrəʊˌklaɪmæt/

microclimate

microclimat
Meaning
The climate of a small, specific area that may differ from the general climate of the surrounding region, often influenced by local factors like terrain, vegetation, or buildings.
Example
A microclimate can have a significant impact on plant growth.
Un microclimat peut avoir un impact significatif sur la croissance des plantes.
C1 noun /ˈmɒk.ər.i/

Mockery

moquerie; raillerie;
Meaning
teasing and contemptuous language or behavior; ridicule
Example
His speech was met with mockery from the audience.
Son discours a été accueilli par des moqueries de l'audience.
C1 adjective /ˈmjuːtɪd/

muted

atténué
Meaning
softened in sound, color, or effect; subdued
Example
The room was painted in muted shades of blue and grey.
La pièce a été peinte dans des nuances atténuées de bleu et de gris.
C1 adjective /ˌmed.iˈiː.vəl/

Mediaeval

médiéval
Meaning
relating to the Middle Ages; medieval
Example
The castle displayed mediaeval architecture and design.
Le château affichait une architecture et un design médiévaux.
A2 noun /ˈmaʊn.tɪn/

Mountain

montagne
Meaning
a large natural elevation of earth and rock rising above the ground
Example
They climbed the highest mountain in the region.
Ils ont escaladé la montagne la plus haute de la région.
C2 noun /mɪˈtɒnɪmi/

metonymy

métaphore par substitution
Meaning
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted with another closely related word or concept.
Example
In the phrase 'the crown will decide,' 'crown' is a metonymy for monarchy.
Dans l'expression 'la couronne décidera', 'couronne' est une métaphore par substitution pour la monarchie.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪ.trɪks/

matrix

matrice, structure
Meaning
An environment or structure in which something develops; also a mathematical array of numbers.
Example
The cultural matrix shaped his worldview.
La matrice culturelle a façonné sa vision du monde.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌlɒɡ/

monologue

monologue
Meaning
A long speech by one person, often in a play or performance.
Example
The actor delivered a powerful monologue on stage.
L'acteur a livré un puissant monologue sur scène.
A2 noun /ˈmʌŋki/

Monkey

singe
Meaning
a primate mammal that typically has a long tail and lives in trees
Example
The monkey swung from branch to branch in the jungle.
Le singe se balançait d'une branche à l'autre dans la jungle.
A2 noun /ˈmoʊ.tər ˌsaɪ.kəl/

Motor Cycle

moto
Meaning
a two-wheeled vehicle powered by an engine
Example
He rides his motorcycle to work every day.
Il roule en moto tous les jours pour aller au travail.
A1 modal verb/noun /maɪt/

might

pourrait / pouvoir
Meaning
used to express possibility; power or strength
Example
She might come to the party if she finishes work early.
Elle pourrait venir à la fête si elle termine le travail tôt.
B1 verb /ˈmoʊtɪˌveɪt/

motivate

motiver
Meaning
to encourage or stimulate interest or enthusiasm for doing something
Example
The coach's speech motivated the team to win the championship.
Le discours de l'entraîneur a motivé l'équipe à gagner le championnat.
A2 noun /mæθ/

math

mathématiques
Meaning
The study of numbers, quantities, and shapes, also called mathematics.
Example
She is very good at math.
Elle est très bonne en mathématiques.
C1 verb məˈnɒp.ə.laɪz

monopolize

monopoliser
Meaning
Control exclusively, dominate market.
Example
The company tried to monopolize the market.
L'entreprise a essayé de monopoliser le marché.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒdʒʊlər/

modular

modulaire
Meaning
Employing or involving a module or modules as the basis of design or construction.
Example
The modular design allows for easy customization and scalability.
La conception modulaire permet une personnalisation et une évolutivité faciles.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈmɑːrʃən/

martian

martien
Meaning
Related to the planet Mars; or an imaginary being from Mars.
Example
The movie showed a Martian visiting Earth.
Le film montrait un martien visitant la Terre.
C1 noun məˈnjʊər

manure

fumier, engrais organique
Meaning
Animal dung used for fertilizing land; organic matter used as fertilizer.
Example
Organic manure enhances soil fertility.
Le fumier organique améliore la fertilité du sol.
C1 noun nɪˈmɒnɪks

mnemonics

technique mnémotechnique, aide-mémoire
Meaning
A technique to aid memory; a device such as a pattern of letters, ideas, or associations
Example
Mnemonics help in remembering complex concepts easily.
Les mnémoniques aident à se souvenir des concepts complexes facilement.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪnd.fʊl.nəs/

mindfulness

pleine conscience
Meaning
The basic human ability to be fully present, aware of where we are and what we're doing.
Example
Mindfulness practices improve focus and emotional balance.
Les pratiques de mindfulness améliorent la concentration et l'équilibre émotionnel.
C1 adjective /ˌmer.ɪˈtɔː.ri.əs/

Meritorious

méritoire
Meaning
deserving reward or praise; commendable; worthy of recognition
Example
His meritorious service to the community was recognized.
Son service méritoire à la communauté a été reconnu.
C1 adjective /ˈmæliəbl̩/

malleable

malléable
Meaning
Easily shaped or influenced; capable of being bent or adapted.
Example
Gold is a highly malleable metal used in jewelry.
L'or est un métal très malléable utilisé dans la bijouterie.
A2 noun /ˈmærɪdʒ/

marriage

bonheur
Meaning
The legally or formally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship.
Example
Their marriage lasted for over thirty years.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 adjective /məˈkænɪkəl/

mechanical

bonheur
Meaning
relating to machines or the way they work
Example
She has a good understanding of mechanical systems.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun/adjective /ˈmɪnətʃər/ or /ˈmɪniətʃʊr/

miniature

version miniature
Meaning
a very small version of something; small in scale or size
Example
The artist created a miniature model of the castle.
L'artiste a créé un modèle miniature du château.
C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ə.stər.i/

Monastery

monastère; ashram
Meaning
a building or group of buildings where monks live and worship
Example
The ancient monastery was built on a hilltop.
L'ancien monastère a été construit au sommet d'une colline.
C2 adjective /ˈmʌltɪfɔːrm/

multiform

multiforme
Meaning
Having many different forms or appearances.
Example
The festival was a multiform celebration of art, music, and culture.
Le festival était une célébration multiforme de l'art, de la musique et de la culture.
C1 noun /ˈmɪʃ.ən.ɛr.i/

Missionary

missionnaire
Meaning
A person sent on a religious mission to promote their faith in a foreign country
Example
The missionary spent years teaching and helping people in remote villages.
Le missionnaire a passé des années à enseigner et à aider les gens dans des villages éloignés.
B2 noun /ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃən/

moderation

modération
Meaning
The avoidance of excess or extremes; keeping balance or within reasonable limits.
Example
He drinks wine in moderation.
Il boit du vin avec modération.
B2 adjective /ˈmænɪdʒəbəl/

Manageable

gérable; contrôlable
Meaning
able to be controlled or dealt with; feasible
Example
The workload is manageable if we plan properly.
La charge de travail est gérable si nous planifions correctement.
B1 noun /ˈmʌs.əl/

Muscle

muscle
Meaning
a body tissue consisting of fibers that can contract to produce movement
Example
Regular exercise helps strengthen your muscle.
L'exercice régulier aide à renforcer votre muscle.
C1 adjective /mjuːˈnɪsɪpəl/

municipal

municipal
Meaning
relating to a city or town or its local government
Example
The municipal authority is responsible for maintaining the park.
L'autorité municipale est responsable de l'entretien du parc.
C1 noun /mjuːˈteɪʃn/

mutation

mutation, changement génétique
Meaning
A change in form, structure, or nature, especially in genetics.
Example
Scientists discovered a genetic mutation that caused the disorder.
Les scientifiques ont découvert une mutation génétique qui a causé le trouble.
A2 noun /mɛs/

mess

désordre
Meaning
A state of disorder or untidiness.
Example
The kids left the room in a complete mess.
Les enfants ont laissé la pièce dans un total désordre.
B1 noun /ˈmeʒərmənt/

measurement

mesure
Meaning
the size, length, or amount of something, as determined by measuring
Example
The tailor took my waist measurement before stitching the suit.
Le tailleur a pris mes mesures de taille avant de coudre le costume.
C2 noun /ˈmoʊlə ˈkɑrplɪt/

Mola carplet

poisson mola
Meaning
a small freshwater fish of the carp family, commonly found in South Asian rivers and ponds
Example
The mola carplet is a popular small fish used in Bengali cuisine.
Le poisson mola est un petit poisson populaire utilisé dans la cuisine bengalie.
C1 adjective /ˈməʊltən/

molten

fondu
Meaning
Made into liquid by heat; melted.
Example
The blacksmith poured molten metal into the mold.
Le forgeron a versé du métal fondu dans le moule.
C2 adjective /ˌmɛrəˈtrɪʃəs/

meretricious

artificiel
Meaning
apparently attractive but having no real value or integrity.
Example
The design was flashy but meretricious.
Le design était flashy mais artificiel.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪniæk/

maniac

maniaque
Meaning
a person who behaves in a wildly foolish, dangerous, or violent way
Example
The driver was speeding like a maniac.
Le conducteur roulait à toute vitesse comme un maniaque.
C1 noun/verb mælˈfʌŋk.ʃən

malfunction

panne
Meaning
A failure to function normally or satisfactorily; a defect or breakdown.
Example
The engine malfunctioned due to overheating.
Le moteur a dysfonctionné à cause de la surchauffe.
C2 noun /ˈmʌŋɡrəl/

mongrel

chien bâtard
Meaning
A dog of mixed breed; sometimes used to describe something mixed or of inferior quality.
Example
The stray dog was a friendly mongrel.
Le chien errant était un chien bâtard amical.
A2 verb /ˈmɑːrkɪt/

market

commercialiser
Meaning
to promote and sell products or services; to advertise
Example
The company will market their new product through social media.
L'entreprise commercialisera son nouveau produit via les médias sociaux.
C2 verb /ˈmæŋɡəl/

mangle

détruire
Meaning
to severely damage or mutilate something, often by tearing or crushing
Example
The car was mangled in the accident.
La voiture a été détruite dans l'accident.
C2 noun /ˈmoʊlər/

molar

molaire
Meaning
A large tooth at the back of the mouth used for grinding food.
Example
The dentist had to extract his wisdom molar.
Le dentiste a dû extraire sa dent de sagesse.
C1 noun /ˈmɛləˌdrɑːmə/

melodrama

mélodrame exagéré
Meaning
A dramatic piece with exaggerated characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions.
Example
The movie was criticized for its excessive melodrama.
Le film a été critiqué pour son excès de mélodrame.
B1 noun /ˈmaɪ.krəˌskoʊp/

microscope

microscope
Meaning
An optical instrument used for viewing very small objects, such as cells, by magnifying them.
Example
The scientist observed the bacteria under the microscope.
Le scientifique a observé les bactéries sous le microscope.
B2 adjective/noun /ˈmaɪ.nər/

minor

mineur / insignifiant
Meaning
less important, serious, or significant; a person under the legal age
Example
Luckily, the accident caused only minor injuries.
Heureusement, l'accident a causé seulement des blessures mineures.
C2 adjective /ˈmjuːlɪʃ/

mulish

têtu
Meaning
extremely stubborn or unwilling to change
Example
She remained mulish despite all the convincing arguments.
Elle resta obstinée malgré tous les arguments convaincants.
C2 noun /ˌmɒnəˈmeɪniə/

monomania

monomanie
Meaning
Excessive concentration or obsession with a single subject or idea.
Example
His monomania for collecting stamps worried his family.
Sa monomanie pour collectionner des timbres inquiétait sa famille.
C1 noun /ˈmæk.rəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts/

macronutrients

macronutriments
Meaning
Nutrients that are needed in large amounts to provide energy and building materials for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Example
Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are vital macronutrients.
Les protéines, les graisses et les glucides sont des macronutriments essentiels.
B1 noun /mæsk/

Mask

masque
Meaning
covering for the face or head; disguise or protection
Example
She wore a mask to protect herself from dust.
Elle portait un masque pour se protéger de la poussière.
C1 adjective /ˈmɪnəskjuːl/

minuscule

minuscule
Meaning
extremely small in size or importance
Example
She made only a minuscule contribution to the project.
Elle n'a fait qu'une contribution minuscule au projet.
B2 noun /ˌmedɪˈkeɪʃən/

medication

médicament
Meaning
a drug or other form of medicine used to treat or prevent disease
Example
The doctor prescribed medication for his headache.
Le médecin a prescrit des médicaments pour son mal de tête.
C2 noun /ˈmɛtrəˌnoʊm/

metronome

métronome
Meaning
A device that produces regular ticks or beats to help musicians maintain tempo.
Example
She practiced the piano with a metronome to keep steady timing.
Elle pratiquait le piano avec un métronome pour garder un rythme régulier.
C1 verb /mæʃ/

mash

écraser
Meaning
to crush or mix food into a soft mass, usually by pressing or beating
Example
She mashed the potatoes before serving dinner.
elle a écrasé les pommes de terre avant de servir le dîner.
B2 adjective /ˈmɒdɪst/

modest

modeste
Meaning
Having or showing a humble estimate of one’s importance; simple and not extravagant.
Example
She lives in a modest house in the countryside.
Elle vit dans une maison modeste à la campagne.
C1 noun /ˈmɪd.əl.mæn/

Middleman

intermédiaire
Meaning
A person who acts as an intermediary between two parties in a business transaction
Example
They decided to cut out the middleman and sell directly to customers.
Ils ont décidé de se passer de l'intermédiaire et de vendre directement aux clients.
C1 verb /mɑːr/

mar

abîmer
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance or quality of something
Example
The scratch will mar the beauty of the painting.
La rayure abîmera la beauté de la peinture.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˈriːd/

misread

mal lire
Meaning
to read something incorrectly or interpret wrongly
Example
He misread the instructions and built the shelf incorrectly.
Il a mal lu les instructions et a construit l'étagère incorrectement.
B2 adjective /ˌmɛtrəˈpɑːlɪtən/

metropolitan

métropolitain
Meaning
Relating to a large city, its surrounding areas, or its lifestyle.
Example
She moved to a metropolitan area for better job opportunities.
Elle a déménagé dans une zone métropolitaine pour de meilleures opportunités de travail.
B2 noun /ˈmaɪ.ɡrənt/

migrant

migrant
Meaning
A person who moves from one place to another, especially to find work or better living conditions.
Example
Many migrants travel long distances to find employment.
De nombreux migrants parcourent de longues distances pour trouver un emploi.
C2 adjective /ˌmælˈoʊdərəs/

malodorous

malodorant
Meaning
Having a very unpleasant smell.
Example
The malodorous room made everyone leave quickly.
La pièce malodorante a fait partir tout le monde rapidement.
C1 adjective ˌmiː.ti.ər.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl

meteorological

météorologique
Meaning
Relating to weather conditions and atmospheric phenomena.
Example
Meteorological conditions affect farming cycles.
Les conditions météorologiques influent sur les cycles agricoles.
C1 adjective /moʊv/

mauve

mauve clair
Meaning
a pale purple color with a grayish or bluish tinge
Example
She wore a beautiful mauve dress to the party.
Elle portait une magnifique robe mauve clair à la fête.
B2 adjective ˈmem.ər.ə.bəl

memorable

mémorable
Meaning
Worth remembering or easily remembered, especially because of being special or unusual.
Example
Memorable events inspire generations.
Les événements mémorables inspirent des générations.
A2 noun /ˈmædʒɪk/

magic

magie
Meaning
the use of mysterious or supernatural powers to influence events
Example
The magician amazed the crowd with his magic.
Le magicien a émerveillé la foule avec sa magie.
C2 noun /ˌmɛtəmˌsaɪˈkoʊsɪs/

metempsychosis

réincarnation de l'âme
Meaning
The supposed transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death.
Example
Ancient philosophers often debated the idea of metempsychosis.
Les anciens philosophes débattaient souvent de la réincarnation de l'âme.
B2 noun /mæt/

Mat

tapis
Meaning
a piece of coarse material placed on a floor for people to wipe their feet on
Example
Please wipe your feet on the mat before entering.
Veuillez essuyer vos pieds sur le tapis avant d'entrer.
C1 adjective /ˈmoʊmənˌteri/

momentary

momentané
Meaning
Lasting for only a short time.
Example
There was a momentary silence in the room.
Il y a eu un silence momentané dans la pièce.
A2 noun, verb /ˈmætər/

matter

question / importance
Meaning
A subject or situation under consideration; to be important.
Example
It doesn’t matter what others think.
Peu importe ce que pensent les autres.
C1 noun /məˈrɑːl/

Morale

moral; esprit
Meaning
the confidence, enthusiasm, and discipline of a person or group
Example
The team's morale improved after the victory.
La morale de l'équipe s'est améliorée après la victoire.
B2 verb /maɪˈɡreɪt/

migrate

migrer
Meaning
To move from one region or habitat to another, especially regularly according to the seasons or for work.
Example
Birds migrate south during the winter.
Les oiseaux migrent vers le sud pendant l'hiver.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈmæksɪməm/

maximum

maximum
Meaning
the greatest or highest amount, value, or degree possible
Example
She scored the maximum marks in the exam.
Elle a obtenu la note maximale à l'examen.
C1 adjective /ˈmærɪtəl/

marital

conjugal
Meaning
Relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife.
Example
They sought counseling to resolve their marital issues.
Ils ont cherché des conseils pour résoudre leurs problèmes conjugaux.
C2 noun /ˈmʌskɪt/

musket

un type de fusil ancien
Meaning
a type of long gun used in the past, especially by infantry soldiers
Example
The soldiers carried muskets into the battlefield.
Les soldats ont porté des mousquets sur le champ de bataille.
B1 adjective /ˈmiː.nɪŋ.fəl/

Meaningful

significatif; intentionnel;
Meaning
having significance; purposeful; important
Example
She found meaningful work helping others.
Elle a trouvé un travail significatif en aidant les autres.
C1 noun /ˌmɛrɪˈtɒkrəsi/

meritocracy

méritocratie
Meaning
A system in which advancement is based on individual ability or achievement.
Example
In a true meritocracy, the most capable people rise to leadership positions.
Dans une véritable méritocratie, les personnes les plus compétentes accèdent aux positions de leadership.
C2 verb /ˈmɔːndər/

maunder

parler de manière incohérente
Meaning
To speak or move aimlessly and incoherently.
Example
He maundered on about his old memories.
Il parlait de manière incohérente de ses vieux souvenirs.
C1 noun /ˈmænɪkɪn/

mannequin

mannequin
Meaning
a life-sized model of a human figure used by shops to display clothes
Example
The mannequin in the shop window was dressed in a red gown.
Le mannequin dans la vitrine du magasin était habillé d'une robe rouge.
C2 noun /ˌmɪsˈtʃæns/

mischance

malchance
Meaning
An unfortunate accident or event; bad luck.
Example
By mischance, he missed the last train home.
Par malchance, il a raté le dernier train pour rentrer chez lui.
C1 noun /ˈmjuːtɪni/

mutiny

mutinerie
Meaning
an open rebellion against authority, especially by soldiers or sailors
Example
The sailors staged a mutiny against their captain.
Les marins ont organisé une mutinerie contre leur capitaine.
A1 pronoun /miː/

me

moi
Meaning
Used by a speaker to refer to themselves as the object of a verb or preposition.
Example
She gave me a beautiful gift.
Elle m'a donné un beau cadeau.
C2 adjective /ˈmiː.di.əl/

medial

médial
Meaning
Situated in or pertaining to the middle; located toward the midline of the body or structure.
Example
The medial side of the knee is more prone to injury.
Le côté médial du genou est plus sujet aux blessures.
B2 adjective /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔːr.i/

mandatory

obligatoire
Meaning
required by law or rules; compulsory
Example
Wearing seat belts is mandatory in most countries.
Le port de la ceinture de sécurité est obligatoire dans la plupart des pays.
B2 noun /ˈmɛtəfɔːr/

metaphor

bonheur
Meaning
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable.
Example
Time is a thief is a common metaphor for how quickly life passes.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B1 noun /mɑːsks/

masks

masque
Meaning
Coverings for all or part of the face, worn as a disguise, for protection, or for medical reasons.
Example
Masks can protect against polluted air.
Les masques peuvent protéger contre l'air pollué.
B2 noun /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

manufacturing

fabrication
Meaning
the process of making products on a large scale using machinery
Example
The country is investing heavily in the manufacturing sector.
Le pays investit massivement dans le secteur de la fabrication.
B2 noun /ˈmʌð.ər.lænd/

Motherland

mère patrie; pays d'origine
Meaning
the country where one was born or has citizenship; homeland
Example
He always spoke fondly of his motherland.
Il parlait toujours avec affection de sa patrie.
C1 noun ˌmʌn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

monetization

conversion d'un actif ou d'un service en une manière de gagner de l'argent
Meaning
Converting an asset or service into a way of earning money.
Example
YouTube allows content creators to earn money through monetization.
YouTube permet aux créateurs de contenu de gagner de l'argent grâce à la monétisation.
C1 verb, noun /mjuːz/

muse

méditer / source d'inspiration
Meaning
to think deeply about something; a source of inspiration, especially for an artist or writer
Example
She sat by the window to muse about her future.
Elle s'est assise près de la fenêtre pour réfléchir à son avenir.
C2 adjective /ˌmɪsənˈθrɑːpɪk/

misanthropic

misanthropique
Meaning
having or showing a dislike of humankind
Example
His misanthropic attitude made it difficult for him to make friends.
Son attitude misanthropique rendait difficile de se faire des amis.
B2 adjective /ˈmɛʒərd/

measured

mesuré
Meaning
carefully considered and deliberate
Example
She spoke in a calm, measured tone.
Elle a parlé d'un ton calme et mesuré.
B1 noun /ˈmɪd.naɪt/

Midnight

minuit; le milieu de la nuit
Meaning
Twelve o'clock at night; the middle of the night
Example
The clock struck midnight and the new day began.
L'horloge a sonné minuit et le nouveau jour a commencé.
B2 noun ˈmaɪnd.set

mindset

état d’esprit
Meaning
The established set of attitudes held by someone.
Example
A growth mindset helps individuals embrace challenges.
Une mentalité de croissance aide les individus à relever les défis.
C2 verb /məˈtrɪkjʊˌleɪt/

matriculate

matriculer
Meaning
To enroll as a student in a college or university.
Example
She matriculated at Oxford University last year.
Elle s'est inscrite à l'Université d'Oxford l'année dernière.
C1 adverb /maɪˈnjuːtli/

Minutely

minutieusement
Meaning
in very small detail; extremely carefully
Example
The detective examined the evidence minutely.
Le détective a examiné la preuve minutieusement.
B2 noun /ˈmɛr.ɪt/

Merit

mérite; vertu; qualité d'être digne de reconnaissance
Meaning
The quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially deserving praise, reward, or attention
Example
She was promoted based on her merit and hard work.
Elle a été promue en fonction de son mérite et de son travail acharné.
A1 adjective /ˈmɛni/

many

beaucoup
Meaning
a large number of
Example
Many students attended the lecture.
Beaucoup d'étudiants ont assisté à la conférence.
C1 noun /ˈmænəˌrɪzəm/

Mannerism

manière
Meaning
A habitual gesture or way of speaking or behaving; an idiosyncrasy
Example
His constant throat clearing had become an annoying mannerism.
Son éternuement constant était devenu une manière agaçante.
B2 noun /mɪkst ˈkʌlər/

Mixed colour

couleur mélangée
Meaning
a color created by combining two or more different colors
Example
The mixed colour created a beautiful gradient on the canvas.
La couleur mélangée a créé un joli dégradé sur la toile.
C2 noun /məˈlæsɪz/

Molasses

mélasse
Meaning
thick, dark, sweet syrup made from sugar cane
Example
The recipe calls for molasses to give the bread a rich flavor.
La recette demande de la mélasse pour donner au pain une saveur riche.
C2 adjective /məˈlɛfɪsənt/

maleficent

maléfique
Meaning
Causing harm or destruction, especially by supernatural means.
Example
The maleficent witch cursed the young princess.
La sorcière maléfique a maudit la jeune princesse.
C1 adjective /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

martial

militaire
Meaning
Related to war, soldiers, or military life.
Example
The country imposed martial law during the crisis.
Le pays a imposé la loi martiale pendant la crise.
C2 adjective /ˈmjuːtəbl/

mutable

mutable
Meaning
Capable of change or alteration.
Example
Human emotions are mutable and can shift rapidly.
Les émotions humaines sont mutables et peuvent changer rapidement.
C2 verb /ˈmɪlɪˌteɪt/

militate

entraver
Meaning
to have a strong effect against something; to work as a powerful factor in preventing or influencing an outcome
Example
His lack of experience will militate against his promotion.
Son manque d'expérience nuira à sa promotion.
B1 noun, verb /ˈmɜːrdər/

murder

meurtre
Meaning
the unlawful killing of a person; to kill someone unlawfully and intentionally
Example
The detective investigated the murder that shocked the town.
Le détective a enquêté sur le meurtre qui a choqué la ville.
B2 noun /ˈmʌtn/

Mutton

viande de mouton
Meaning
meat from an adult sheep; lamb meat
Example
The restaurant serves delicious mutton curry with rice.
Le restaurant sert un délicieux curry de viande de mouton avec du riz.