mane
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C1 noun /meɪn/

mane

crinière
Meaning
the long hair growing on the neck of a horse, lion, or other animal
Example
The lion shook its thick mane proudly.
Le lion secoua sa crinière épaisse avec fierté.
C2 noun /djuːˈɛnə/

duenna

gouvernante
Meaning
an older woman acting as a governess or chaperone, especially in Spanish families
Example
The young lady was accompanied by a duenna during the festival.
La jeune fille était accompagnée par une duéna pendant le festival.
C2 adjective /ˈsɑːdn/

sodden

saturé
Meaning
thoroughly soaked or saturated with liquid
Example
His clothes were sodden after the heavy rain.
Ses vêtements étaient saturés après la forte pluie.
B1 noun ˈsɛʃənz

sessions

séances, réunions, période
Meaning
A meeting of an official body, especially a court of law, to conduct its business; a period devoted to a particular activity.
Example
The sessions lasted for three hours.
Les séances ont duré trois heures.
C1 verb /ˈpærəfreɪz/

paraphrase

bonheur
Meaning
To express the meaning of something using different words, often to make it clearer.
Example
The teacher asked the students to paraphrase the poem in their own words.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

accompagnateur
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
L'enseignant a agi en tant qu'accompagnateur pendant le bal scolaire.
C2 noun /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/

palimpsest

palimpseste
Meaning
a manuscript or document that has been written over but still bears traces of earlier writing; something reused or altered but still retaining traces of its earlier form
Example
The ancient manuscript was a palimpsest, showing faint traces of previous texts beneath the new writing.
Le manuscrit ancien était un palimpseste, montrant des traces subtiles de textes précédents sous la nouvelle écriture.
C1 adjective /ˈræɡ.ɪd/

Ragged

déchiré; usé; en haillons
Meaning
torn; tattered; frayed; shabby
Example
The homeless man wore ragged clothes.
L'homme sans abri portait des vêtements déchirés.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/

enforcement

application de la loi
Meaning
the act of making sure that laws or rules are followed
Example
The police are responsible for law enforcement.
La police est responsable de l'application de la loi.
C1 verb /əˈbaʊnd/

abound

abonder
Meaning
To exist in large numbers or amounts.
Example
Opportunities abound in the field of technology.
Les opportunités abondent dans le domaine de la technologie.
A2 adjective /ˈjuːs.ləs/

Useless

inutile
Meaning
having no beneficial purpose; not useful
Example
This broken computer is completely useless.
Cet ordinateur cassé est complètement inutile.
C2 noun /dɪˈsweɪʒən/

dissuasion

dissuasion
Meaning
The act of persuading someone not to take a course of action.
Example
Her dissuasion prevented him from making a bad investment.
Sa dissuasion l'a empêché de faire un mauvais investissement.
A1 noun /ˈmʌni/

money

bonheur
Meaning
A medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes; wealth or financial resources.
Example
He saved enough money to buy a new car.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 noun /ˌref.jʊˈdʒiː/

Refugee

réfugié
Meaning
a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster
Example
The refugee camp provided temporary shelter for thousands of displaced families.
Le camp de réfugiés a fourni un abri temporaire pour des milliers de familles déplacées.
B2 noun /spaʊs/

spouse

conjoint
Meaning
a person's husband or wife
Example
Each employee may include their spouse in the health insurance plan.
Chaque employé peut inclure son conjoint dans le plan d'assurance santé.
C1 noun /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪtər/

speculator

spéculateur
Meaning
A person who forms theories without evidence, or invests in assets hoping for profit.
Example
The real estate speculator bought land hoping its value would rise.
Le spéculateur immobilier a acheté des terres en espérant que leur valeur augmenterait.
A1 verb /kɔːst/

cost

coûter
Meaning
to have a price of; to require payment; to cause loss
Example
This book will cost twenty dollars.
Ce livre coûtera vingt dollars.
B2 noun /ˈʃʌtəl/

shuttle

véhicule qui voyage régulièrement entre deux endroits
Meaning
a vehicle or craft that travels regularly between two places.
Example
The airport shuttle runs every 30 minutes.
La navette de l'aéroport circule toutes les 30 minutes.
C1 adjective prəˈvɪnʃəl

provincial

provincial
Meaning
Of or concerning a province of a country or empire.
Example
Bengali was not just a provincial language.
Le bengali n'était pas juste une langue provinciale.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

disjointed

désorganisé
Meaning
Lacking order, coherence, or connection; disconnected.
Example
The movie felt disjointed and hard to follow.
Le film semblait désorganisé et difficile à suivre.
C1 verb /ˈθiːəraɪz/

theorize

théoriser
Meaning
To form a theory or set of ideas to explain something.
Example
Scientists often theorize about the origins of the universe.
Les scientifiques théorisent souvent sur les origines de l'univers.
C2 noun /ˈdræɡˌnɛt/

dragnet

filtre
Meaning
A systematic search or investigation, often by police to catch criminals.
Example
The police launched a dragnet to capture the fugitives.
La police a lancé un filtre pour capturer les fugitifs.
C1 noun /ˈɡaɪ.zər/

geyser

geysers
Meaning
A natural hot spring that intermittently ejects a column of water and steam into the air.
Example
The geyser erupted, shooting water high into the sky.
Le geyser a éclaté, projetant de l'eau très haut dans le ciel.
B2 adverb /ˈkæʒ.u.ə.li/

Casually

casuellement; de manière détendue et informelle
Meaning
in a relaxed and informal way; without much thought or preparation
Example
He casually mentioned that he was leaving.
Il a mentionné cela de manière décontractée.
B1 adjective /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbəl/

Unbelievable

incroyable
Meaning
impossible to believe; extremely surprising or remarkable
Example
The magician's performance was absolutely unbelievable.
La performance du magicien était absolument incroyable.
B1 noun /ˈtʃiːtər/

cheater

tricheur
Meaning
a person who cheats or acts dishonestly to gain an advantage
Example
He was caught and labeled as a cheater during the exam.
Il a été traité de tricheur pendant l'examen.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

bonheur
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈnoʊmæd/

nomad

nomade
Meaning
A person who has no permanent home and moves from place to place.
Example
The desert was once home to nomads who lived by herding animals.
Le désert était autrefois la maison des nomades qui vivaient en élevant des animaux.
B2 noun /ɔːrˈɡæn.ɪk ˈfɑːr.mɪŋ/

organic farming

agriculture biologique
Meaning
Farming method that avoids synthetic chemicals and fertilizers, using natural methods instead.
Example
Organic farming improves soil health and reduces pollution.
L'agriculture biologique améliore la santé des sols et réduit la pollution.
B2 verb /ˈtɑːləreɪt/

tolerate

tolérer
Meaning
to accept or endure something unpleasant without complaining; to allow something to exist
Example
I cannot tolerate such rude behavior in my classroom.
Je ne peux pas tolérer un tel comportement impoli dans ma classe.
B2 noun sɛlf rɪˈlaɪ.əns

self-reliance

autonomie
Meaning
Reliance on one's own powers and resources rather than those of others; independence.
Example
Self-reliance helps build confidence.
L'autonomie aide à construire la confiance.
C1 adjective /səˈriːn/

serene

serein et paisible
Meaning
Calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil.
Example
The lake had a serene and peaceful atmosphere.
Le lac avait une atmosphère sereine et paisible.
B2 noun /ˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Genius

génie
Meaning
exceptional intellectual or creative power or other natural ability; a person who has such ability
Example
Einstein was recognized as a genius for his groundbreaking contributions to physics.
Einstein a été reconnu comme un génie pour ses contributions révolutionnaires à la physique.
C1 adjective /ˈstɪndʒi/

stingy

avare
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; miserly
Example
He is too stingy to buy a gift for his friend.
Il est trop avare pour acheter un cadeau pour son ami.
B2 noun /ˌæn.ɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/

Animation

animation
Meaning
the technique of making inanimate objects appear to move; liveliness and enthusiasm
Example
The animation in this movie is incredibly detailed.
L'animation dans ce film est incroyablement détaillée.
C2 noun /kəˈrɒn.də/

Karonda

karonda
Meaning
a small dark purple berry-like fruit that is sour and used in pickles
Example
Karonda is often used to make pickles and preserves.
Le karonda est souvent utilisé pour préparer des cornichons et des confitures.
B2 noun /suː.pɪər.iˈɔːr.ə.ti/

Superiority

supériorité
Meaning
the quality or state of being superior; higher rank or quality
Example
His superiority in mathematics was evident from his test scores.
Sa supériorité en mathématiques était évidente à partir de ses résultats de test.
C1 noun /voʊɡ/

vogue

mode
Meaning
the prevailing fashion, style, or trend at a particular time
Example
Minimalist design is currently in vogue.
Le design minimaliste est actuellement à la mode.
B1 verb /ʃuːt/

shoot

tirer / prendre une photo
Meaning
to fire a bullet or arrow from a weapon; to take a photograph or film
Example
He learned how to shoot a bow and arrow.
Il a appris à tirer à l'arc et à la flèche.
B2 adverb /wɒtˈsəʊɛvər/

whatsoever

pas du tout
Meaning
used for emphasis after a negative statement to mean 'at all'
Example
She has no interest in the matter whatsoever.
Elle n'a aucun intérêt dans cette affaire, pas du tout.
C2 noun /hæɡ/

Hag

sorcière
Meaning
an ugly old woman, especially a vicious or malicious one; a witch
Example
In the fairy tale, the wicked hag lived alone in a cottage deep in the forest.
Dans le conte de fées, la méchante sorcière vivait seule dans une cabane au fond de la forêt.
B1 verb /træk/

track

suivre
Meaning
To follow or trace the course or progress of something.
Example
Someone can easily track your location on social media.
Quelqu'un peut facilement suivre votre emplacement sur les réseaux sociaux.
B1 noun /ˈsʌn.raɪz/

Sunrise

lever du soleil
Meaning
the time in the morning when the sun appears above the horizon
Example
We watched the beautiful sunrise from the mountain top.
Nous avons regardé le beau lever du soleil depuis le sommet de la montagne.
C1 adjective vəˈreɪ.ʃəs

voracious

vorace
Meaning
Having a very eager approach to an activity; wanting or devouring great quantities of food or having an insatiable appetite.
Example
He has a voracious appetite for knowledge.
Il a un appétit vorace pour la connaissance.
B2 noun /ˈnæʃənəl ˈænθəm/

national anthem

hymne national
Meaning
an official patriotic song of a country, performed at national events and ceremonies
Example
The national anthem was played before the international match.
L’hymne national a été joué avant le match international.
B2 verb /əbˈteɪn/

obtain

obtenir
Meaning
to get or acquire something
Example
You need to obtain a visa before traveling abroad.
Vous devez obtenir un visa avant de partir à l'étranger.
C1 noun /ˈrʌp.tʃər/

Rupture

rupture; effondrement des relations
Meaning
breaking or bursting apart; breakdown of relations
Example
The rupture in the pipeline caused a massive oil spill.
La rupture dans le pipeline a causé un déversement massif de pétrole.
B2 noun ədˈvɜː.sɪ.ti

adversity

adversité
Meaning
Difficulties; misfortune; a difficult or unpleasant situation.
Example
He remained strong in the face of adversity.
Il est resté fort face à l'adversité.
B1 noun /ˈtʃɛərˌwʊmən/

chairwoman

présidente
Meaning
a woman who presides over a meeting, committee, or organization; a female leader of a board or council
Example
She was elected chairwoman of the company after years of experience.
Elle a été élue présidente de l’entreprise après des années d’expérience.
B2 noun /ˈep.ɪk/

Epic

épopée
Meaning
a long poem telling of heroic deeds; something heroic or grand in scale
Example
The Iliad is one of the most famous epics in world literature.
L'Iliade est l'un des plus célèbres épopées de la littérature mondiale.
C2 noun /kwɪˈɛsəns/

quiescence

quiescence
Meaning
A state of quietness, inactivity, or dormancy.
Example
The volcano has been in a state of quiescence for decades.
Le volcan est en état de quiescence depuis des décennies.
B1 noun /ˈbeɪ.kɪŋ ˈsoʊ.də/

Baking Soda

bicarbonate de soude
Meaning
sodium bicarbonate used in cooking and baking as a leavening agent
Example
Add a teaspoon of baking soda to make the cake fluffy.
Ajoutez une cuillère à café de bicarbonate de soude pour rendre le gâteau moelleux.
C2 verb /ˈkrɪŋ.kəl/

crinkle

froncer
Meaning
To form small creases or wrinkles.
Example
She crinkled her nose at the strange smell.
Elle a froncé son nez à l'odeur étrange.
A1 adjective/adverb /ɪˈnʌf/

enough

suffisant
Meaning
as much or as many as required
Example
We have enough food for everyone.
Nous avons suffisamment de nourriture pour tout le monde.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪtəlmənt/

entitlement

droit
Meaning
the belief that one is inherently deserving of privileges or special treatment; a right to benefits
Example
The program provides entitlement to health care.
Le programme accorde un droit aux soins de santé.
C1 adjective dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl

dysfunctional

dysfonctionnel
Meaning
Not operating normally or properly.
Example
The dysfunctional system led to numerous delays and errors.
Le système dysfonctionnel a provoqué de nombreux retards et erreurs.
A2 adjective /ˈbeɪ.sɪk/

Basic

de base; fondamental;
Meaning
fundamental; essential; forming the foundation or starting point
Example
Learning basic English grammar is essential for beginners.
Apprendre la grammaire de base en anglais est essentiel pour les débutants.
C1 verb /kənˈstrɪkt/

constrict

constrict
Meaning
to make narrower or tighter; to shrink or compress
Example
The snake constricted its prey before swallowing.
Le serpent a contracté sa proie avant de l'avaler.
C2 noun /poʊˈzɜːr/

poseur

poseur
Meaning
A person who pretends to be something they are not, often to impress others.
Example
Many considered him a poseur because he exaggerated his accomplishments.
Beaucoup le considéraient comme un poseur parce qu'il exagérait ses réalisations.
C2 adjective /pɒnˈtɪfɪkəl/

pontifical

relatif à un pape ou un évêque ; pompeux ou prétentieux
Meaning
relating to a pope or bishop; pompous or self-important
Example
His pontifical manner annoyed the other members of the committee.
Son comportement prétentieux agaçait les autres membres du comité.
C2 verb /kəmˈpɔːrt/

comport

se comporter
Meaning
to behave or conduct oneself in a particular way
Example
She comported herself with grace during the ceremony.
Elle s'est comportée avec grâce lors de la cérémonie.
C2 noun /niːˈɒkrəsi/

neocracy

Gouvernement dirigé par des fonctionnaires inexpérimentés ou nouveaux
Meaning
A government or leadership run by inexperienced or new officials.
Example
The sudden revolution led to a neocracy with inexperienced leaders.
La révolution soudaine a conduit à une néocratie avec des dirigeants inexpérimentés.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

insecticide
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
Le fermier a pulvérisé de l'insecticide sur ses cultures pour les protéger des insectes nuisibles.
B2 verb /əˈveɪl/

avail

profiter de
Meaning
to make use of something; to be of use or benefit
Example
You should avail yourself of this opportunity.
Vous devriez profiter de cette opportunité.
B2 noun, verb /ræmp/

ramp

rampe
Meaning
a sloping surface joining two different levels; as a verb, to increase or rise sharply
Example
The car drove up the ramp into the parking garage.
La voiture est montée sur la rampe dans le garage.
C1 noun /ɪˌmæn.sɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/

Emancipation

émancipation
Meaning
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions
Example
The emancipation of slaves was a significant moment in American history.
L'émancipation des esclaves a été un moment significatif dans l'histoire américaine.
C2 adjective /ˈʃɑːpwɔːrn/

shopworn

usé / vieilli
Meaning
worn or faded from being displayed in a shop; no longer fresh or original
Example
The shopworn shoes were sold at a discount.
Les chaussures shopworn ont été vendues à prix réduit.
A2 noun /juːθ/

Youth

jeunesse; jeunes
Meaning
the period between childhood and adult age; young people collectively; the state of being young
Example
He spent his youth traveling around the world.
Il a passé sa jeunesse à voyager autour du monde.
A1 noun, verb /ˈiː.meɪl/

e-mail

courrier électronique
Meaning
messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to another
Example
I sent an e-mail to my professor yesterday.
J'ai envoyé un courrier électronique à mon professeur hier.
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒi/

dermatology

dermatologie
Meaning
The branch of medicine concerned with the skin and its diseases.
Example
He studied dermatology at medical school.
Il a étudié la dermatologie à l'école de médecine.
B2 verb /swer/

swear

jurer
Meaning
to use offensive language; to promise solemnly; to take an oath
Example
I swear to tell the truth.
Je jure de dire la vérité.
C1 adjective /ˈpaɪ.əs/

Pious

pieux
Meaning
devoutly religious; showing reverence for God
Example
The pious monk spent hours in prayer every day.
Le moine pieux passait des heures en prière chaque jour.
C1 noun /ɡəˈrɪlə/

guerrilla

guérillero
Meaning
a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger forces
Example
The guerrilla fighters used ambushes to attack enemy positions.
Les combattants guérilleros ont utilisé des embuscades pour attaquer les positions ennemies.
B2 noun /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzər/

organizer

organisateur
Meaning
a person who arranges or coordinates activities, events, or groups; a tool or item used to keep things in order
Example
She worked as the main organizer of the international conference.
Elle était l’organisatrice principale de la conférence internationale.
C1 adjective /ˌpriːˈmɛdɪˌteɪtɪd/

premeditated

prémédité
Meaning
planned in advance; done deliberately
Example
The crime was clearly premeditated.
Le crime était clairement prémédité.
A2 verb /bɛɡ/

beg

demander
Meaning
to ask for something earnestly; to request humbly
Example
The child begged for a new toy.
L'enfant a demandé un nouveau jouet.
C1 noun /ˈtriːkəl/

treacle

sirop épais et sucré
Meaning
A thick, sweet syrup; excessively sentimental speech or writing.
Example
She poured treacle over the pancakes.
Elle a versé le sirop sur les crêpes.
C1 noun /ˈʃʊɡ.ər ˈkæn.di/

Sugar candy

bonbon de sucre
Meaning
crystallized sugar formed into small pieces; rock candy made from sugar syrup
Example
The children enjoyed eating colorful sugar candy at the festival.
Les enfants ont adoré manger des bonbons sucrés colorés lors du festival.
B1 noun ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns

consequence

conséquence
Meaning
A result or effect of an action or condition.
Example
Every action has a consequence.
Chaque action a une conséquence.
C1 adjective ʌnˈtʃɑːtɪd

uncharted

inexploré
Meaning
Not mapped or surveyed; unknown or unexplored.
Example
The mission aimed to explore uncharted areas of the planet.
La mission visait à explorer des zones inexplorées de la planète.
C1 adverb /əˈlɒft/

aloft

en hauteur
Meaning
Up in or into the air; overhead.
Example
The kite was flying aloft in the clear sky.
Le cerf-volant volait en hauteur dans le ciel clair.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfɛmɪnət/

effeminate

efféminé
Meaning
Having traits, tastes, or habits traditionally considered feminine, often used negatively for men.
Example
The critics described him as effeminate due to his gentle manner.
Les critiques l'ont décrit comme efféminé à cause de sa manière douce.
B2 adjective /ˈheɪsti/

Hasty

hâtif; précipité
Meaning
done or acting with excessive speed or urgency; hurried
Example
Don't make hasty decisions when you're angry.
Ne prends pas de décisions hâtives quand tu es en colère.
C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

derivative

dérivé
Meaning
Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.
Example
The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works.
Le film a été critiqué pour être trop dérivé des œuvres précédentes.
B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪər/

interfere

bonheur
Meaning
to become involved in something that is not your concern; to hinder or obstruct
Example
Parents should not interfere in their children’s personal choices.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
B2 verb /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/

intensify

intensifier
Meaning
To make something stronger, more extreme, or more forceful.
Example
The storm is expected to intensify overnight.
On s'attend à ce que la tempête s'intensifie pendant la nuit.
A2 verb /pʊl/

pull

tirer
Meaning
to exert force to move something toward oneself; to drag or tug
Example
Please pull the door to open it.
Veuillez tirer la porte pour l'ouvrir.
C2 adjective /əˈkwɪzətɪv/

acquisitive

Meaning
excessively interested in acquiring money or material things
Example
The acquisitive businessman bought every piece of land he could find.
B2 adjective /ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

chronological

chronologique
Meaning
Arranged in the order in which events happened.
Example
The events were listed in chronological order.
Les événements ont été listés dans un ordre chronologique.
A2 verb /fɪl/

fill

remplir
Meaning
to make or become full; to put something into a container until it is full
Example
Please fill the glass with water.
S'il vous plaît, remplissez le verre avec de l'eau.
A1 noun /ˈprɒb.ləm/

Problem

problème
Meaning
a situation that causes difficulties and needs to be dealt with or solved
Example
We need to solve this problem quickly.
Nous devons résoudre ce problème rapidement.
B2 verb /rɪˈnuː/

renew

renouveler
Meaning
to make something new again or extend its period of validity
Example
I need to renew my passport before traveling.
J'ai besoin de renouveler mon passeport avant de voyager.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsif
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
C'est un joueur compulsif qui ne peut pas arrêter de parier.
B1 noun /swet/

Sweat

transpiration
Meaning
moisture exuded through the pores of the skin, typically as a reaction to heat, physical exertion, fever, or fear
Example
After running for an hour, he was covered in sweat.
Après avoir couru pendant une heure, il était couvert de transpiration.
B2 adjective /njuːˈtrɪʃ.əs/

Nutritious

nutritif
Meaning
containing substances that help the body grow and stay healthy; nourishing
Example
Eating nutritious food helps maintain good health.
Manger des aliments nutritifs aide à maintenir une bonne santé.
C2 adverb /ˈvɛrɪli/

verily

véritablement
Meaning
truly; certainly; without a doubt
Example
Verily, I say unto you, this is the truth.
Véritablement, je vous le dis, c'est la vérité.
B2 adjective /beər/

Bare

nu; découvert; vide; minimal
Meaning
naked; uncovered; empty; minimal
Example
The bare walls of the room needed some decoration.
Les murs nus de la pièce avaient besoin de décoration.
B2 noun /ˈfriːˌlænsər/

freelancer

travailleur indépendant
Meaning
A person who works independently without being permanently employed by one organization.
Example
She works as a freelancer designing websites for different clients.
Elle travaille en tant que freelance en concevant des sites web pour différents clients.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

Water Spinach

épinard d'eau
Meaning
A semi-aquatic leafy vegetable with hollow stems, popular in Asian cuisine
Example
Water spinach grows well in wet soil.
L'épinard d'eau pousse bien dans les sols humides.
B2 noun /səkˈses.ər/

Successor

successeur
Meaning
a person who succeeds another in office; someone who takes over a position or role
Example
The CEO announced his retirement and named his successor for the company.
Le PDG a annoncé sa retraite et a nommé son successeur pour l'entreprise.
C1 adverb /ˈnɔːθwədz/

Northwards

vers le nord
Meaning
towards the north; in a northerly direction
Example
The birds migrate northwards in spring.
Les oiseaux migrent vers le nord au printemps.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.ɪˈbraɪ.ə.ti/

inebriety

ivresse
Meaning
the state of being drunk or intoxicated
Example
His frequent inebriety led to the loss of his job.
Son inconstance dans l'ivresse l'a conduit à perdre son travail.
C1 adjective /ˌhɔːrtɪˈkʌltʃərəl/

horticultural

relatif à l'horticulture
Meaning
Relating to the art or practice of garden cultivation and management.
Example
She studied horticultural science at the university.
Elle a étudié la science horticole à l'université.
C1 noun /ˈɪnkjʊˌbeɪtər/

incubator

incubateur
Meaning
a device or environment that provides suitable conditions for eggs, cells, or infants to develop
Example
The premature baby was placed in an incubator for care.
Le bébé prématuré a été placé dans un incubateur pour ses soins.
C1 noun /ˌeɪ.li.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

alienation

aliénation
Meaning
The state of being isolated or estranged from a group or activity.
Example
The new policies created a sense of alienation among employees.
Les nouvelles politiques ont créé un sentiment d'aliénation parmi les employés.
C2 noun /ˈlɪtəni/

litany

litanie
Meaning
a long, repetitive, or tedious account or list; originally a form of prayer
Example
The politician gave a litany of promises during the campaign.
Le politicien a donné une longue liste de promesses pendant la campagne.
C1 adjective /ˈkwiːzi/

queasy

nauséeux
Meaning
Feeling sick to one's stomach; nauseated.
Example
She felt queasy after the long boat ride.
Elle se sentait mal après la longue promenade en bateau.
A1 number /ɪˈlɛvən/

eleven

onze
Meaning
the number after ten and before twelve; 11
Example
There are eleven students in the classroom.
Il y a onze étudiants dans la classe.
C2 verb /ˈædjʊˌleɪt/

adulate

aduler excessivement
Meaning
to praise or flatter excessively
Example
The fans adulated the actor after his performance.
Les fans ont adulé l'acteur après sa performance.
A2 noun /kɔːrs/

course

cours, chemin ou ensemble de leçons éducatives
Meaning
a direction, path, or a set of educational lessons
Example
She enrolled in a computer science course.
Elle s'est inscrite à un cours de sciences informatiques.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

foreword

préface
Meaning
a short introduction at the beginning of a book, typically written by someone other than the author
Example
The foreword of the book was written by a famous historian.
La préface du livre a été écrite par un historien célèbre.
C2 noun /dɪˈtrækʃən/

detraction

détournement
Meaning
The act of belittling or taking away from the value of something.
Example
Her constant detraction of others made her unpopular.
Sa constante dévalorisation des autres l'a rendue impopulaire.
A2 adjective /ɪˌlɛkˈtrɒnɪk/

electronic

électronique
Meaning
Operating with or produced by the use of electronic devices.
Example
She bought an electronic keyboard for her music lessons.
Elle a acheté un clavier électronique pour ses cours de musique.
C1 adjective /ˌniːoʊˈlɪθɪk/

neolithic

néolithique
Meaning
Relating to the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons and tools prevailed.
Example
Neolithic communities began practicing agriculture and domesticating animals.
Les communautés néolithiques ont commencé à pratiquer l'agriculture et à apprivoiser des animaux.
C2 noun /ˈbroʊmaɪd/

bromide

idée banale
Meaning
A trite or unoriginal idea or remark; also a chemical compound of bromine.
Example
His speech was full of old bromides about hard work.
Son discours était rempli de vieilles idées banales sur le travail acharné.
B2 noun /ˌtɜːrmɪˈneɪʃən/

termination

résiliation
Meaning
the act of ending something or the state of being ended
Example
The termination of the contract caused financial loss.
La résiliation du contrat a causé une perte financière.
C1 verb /ˈtɒpl/

topple

renverser
Meaning
to fall or cause to fall over; to overthrow
Example
The earthquake caused the old building to topple.
Le tremblement de terre a fait tomber l'ancien bâtiment.
B2 noun ˈiːkoʊˌtʊrɪzəm

Eco-tourism

éco-tourisme
Meaning
A form of tourism involving responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.
Example
Eco-tourism promotes responsible travel to natural areas.
L'éco-tourisme promeut des voyages responsables vers des zones naturelles.
C1 noun /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/

antagonism

antagonisme
Meaning
active hostility or opposition
Example
There was clear antagonism between the two political parties.
Il y avait un antagonisme clair entre les deux partis politiques.
C2 adjective /ˌtɔːtəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/

tautological

tautologique
Meaning
expressing something by repeating the same idea in different words; redundant
Example
Saying 'free gift' is considered tautological.
Dire 'cadeau gratuit' est considéré comme tautologique.
B2 noun /ˈveɪ.pər/

Vapour

vapeur
Meaning
a substance in the form of a gas, especially when it has changed from a liquid or solid state
Example
Water vapour rose from the hot pavement after the rain.
La vapeur d'eau s'élevait du trottoir chaud après la pluie.