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C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

itérer
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
L'équipe de développement itérera la conception jusqu'à ce qu'elle réponde aux besoins des utilisateurs.
C1 noun /ˈmɪʃ.ən.ɛr.i/

Missionary

missionnaire
Meaning
A person sent on a religious mission to promote their faith in a foreign country
Example
The missionary spent years teaching and helping people in remote villages.
Le missionnaire a passé des années à enseigner et à aider les gens dans des villages éloignés.
B1 adjective /ˈbrɪliənt/

brilliant

brillant
Meaning
Exceptionally clever, talented, or impressive; very bright or radiant.
Example
She gave a brilliant performance on stage.
Elle a donné une performance brillante sur scène.
B1 noun /ˈθʌn.dər/

Thunder

tonnerre
Meaning
the loud rumbling sound that follows lightning; to make a loud deep sound
Example
We heard thunder rolling across the sky.
Nous avons entendu le tonnerre rouler à travers le ciel.
B1 noun /ˈpɑː.vər.t̬i/

Poverty

pauvreté; manque de besoins fondamentaux
Meaning
the state of being extremely poor; lack of basic necessities
Example
Many organizations work to reduce poverty around the world.
De nombreuses organisations travaillent pour réduire la pauvreté dans le monde.
A1 adjective /ˈhæpi/

happy

heureux
Meaning
feeling or showing pleasure, contentment, or joy
Example
She was very happy to receive the gift.
Elle était très heureuse de recevoir le cadeau.
B2 noun /maɪˈnɔːr.ɪ.ti/

minority

minorité
Meaning
A smaller number or part, especially a group differing from the majority.
Example
The law aims to protect the rights of ethnic minorities.
La loi vise à protéger les droits des minorités ethniques.
B2 verb /rɪˈɡeɪn/

regain

récupérer
Meaning
to get back something that was lost; to recover
Example
He regains his strength after the illness.
Il regagne sa force après la maladie.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈskruːtəbl̩/

inscrutable

bonheur
Meaning
impossible to understand or interpret
Example
His inscrutable expression made it hard to know what he was thinking.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B2 adjective /ˈfɔːrtʃənət/

fortunate

fortuné
Meaning
Having good luck or receiving something desirable by chance.
Example
She was fortunate to escape the accident without injuries.
Elle a eu de la chance d'échapper à l'accident sans blessures.
B1 noun /kənˈsjuːmər/

consumer

consommateur
Meaning
A person who buys and uses goods and services.
Example
The company focuses on understanding consumer needs.
L'entreprise se concentre sur la compréhension des besoins des consommateurs.
C1 noun /ˌsʌb.stɪˈtjuː.ʃən/

substitution

substitution
Meaning
the action of replacing someone or something with another
Example
The substitution of the old system with the new one was difficult.
La substitution de l'ancien système par le nouveau a été difficile.
C2 noun /ˈkɪzmɛt/

kismet

destin
Meaning
Destiny or fate.
Example
Meeting her on that day felt like pure kismet.
La rencontrer ce jour-là a ressemblé à un pur destin.
B2 verb /flɪp/

flip

retourner
Meaning
to turn over quickly or suddenly; to toss lightly
Example
She flipped the pancake in the pan.
Elle a retourné le pancake dans la poêle.
C1 verb /ˈkænvəs/

canvass

solliciter des votes
Meaning
to solicit votes or opinions; to examine thoroughly; to discuss in detail
Example
They will canvass the neighborhood for votes.
Ils vont faire du porte-à-porte dans le quartier pour récolter des voix.
C2 noun /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛəriənɪzəm/

utilitarianism

utilitarisme
Meaning
The ethical theory that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of the majority.
Example
Utilitarianism suggests that we should act to maximize overall happiness.
L'utilitarisme suggère que nous devrions agir pour maximiser le bonheur global.
A2 noun /ɡəʊlz/

goals

objectifs
Meaning
Objectives or targets that someone aims to achieve.
Example
Achieving development goals requires cooperation.
Atteindre les objectifs de développement nécessite une coopération.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈbiːtən/

Unbeaten

invaincu; non défait
Meaning
not defeated; having never lost; undefeated
Example
The team remains unbeaten this season.
L'équipe reste invaincue cette saison.
C2 noun /ˈskɪnˌflɪnt/

skinflint

avare
Meaning
a person who spends as little money as possible; a miser
Example
The landlord was such a skinflint that he never repaired anything.
Le propriétaire était tellement avare qu'il n'a jamais réparé quoi que ce soit.
B1 noun /wiːt/

wheat

blé
Meaning
a cereal plant whose grain is used to make flour for bread and other foods
Example
Farmers harvested the wheat in early summer.
Les agriculteurs ont récolté le blé au début de l'été.
C2 noun /ˈdɪfɪdəns/

diffidence

manque de confiance en soi
Meaning
Lack of self-confidence; shyness or modesty.
Example
Her diffidence made it hard for her to speak in public.
Son manque de confiance en elle rendait difficile de parler en public.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrəl/

aural

aural
Meaning
Relating to the ear or the sense of hearing.
Example
The lecture was an aural experience as well as an intellectual one.
La conférence était une expérience aural, tout comme une expérience intellectuelle.
C1 noun /ˈrɛtʃɪdnəs/

wretchedness

misère
Meaning
a state of misery, unhappiness, or poor condition
Example
The novel depicts the wretchedness of war victims.
Le roman décrit la misère des victimes de la guerre.
B2 adjective /prɪˈpærəˌtɔːri/

Preparatory

préliminaire; introductif; destiné à la préparation
Meaning
preliminary; introductory; intended as preparation
Example
She attended preparatory classes before the final exam.
Elle a suivi des cours préparatoires avant l'examen final.
A2 verb /tʃɑːrdʒ/

charge

facturer/accuser
Meaning
to demand payment; to formally accuse; to rush forward aggressively
Example
The store charges extra for home delivery.
Le magasin prélève un supplément pour la livraison à domicile.
C2 noun /səˈlɛrɪti/

celerity

célérité
Meaning
swiftness of movement; speed
Example
The soldier moved with great celerity to deliver the message.
Le soldat s'est déplacé avec une grande célérité pour livrer le message.
C1 verb /kəmˈpjuːt/

compute

calculer
Meaning
To calculate or determine by using a computer or mathematical methods.
Example
The software can compute the total cost in seconds.
Le logiciel peut calculer le coût total en quelques secondes.
C1 noun /ˈroʊ.lɪŋ bɔːrd/

Rolling board

planche à rouler
Meaning
a flat wooden or marble surface used for rolling out dough
Example
She placed the dough on the rolling board.
Elle a placé la pâte sur la planche à rouler.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpɔːrtʃənət/

importunate

importun
Meaning
Persistent to the point of annoyance or intrusion
Example
The importunate salesman kept calling despite repeated refusals.
Le vendeur importun a continué à appeler malgré les refus répétés.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈnætʃərəl/

Unnatural

non naturel
Meaning
not existing in nature; artificial; forced
Example
The actor's smile looked unnatural and forced.
Le sourire de l’acteur semblait non naturel et forcé.
A2 noun /drʌm/

Drum

tambour
Meaning
a percussion instrument typically made of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched over one or both ends
Example
The drummer kept perfect time on his drum kit.
Le batteur a tenu le tempo parfait sur son kit de batterie.
B2 adjective /ˈhez.ɪ.tənt/

Hesitant

hésitant; indécis; réticent
Meaning
uncertain or unwilling to act; showing doubt or reluctance
Example
She was hesitant to accept the job offer.
Elle était hésitante à accepter l'offre d'emploi.
C2 noun /weɪf/

Waif

un enfant sans abri ou abandonné; une personne ou un animal errant
Meaning
a homeless or abandoned child; a stray person or animal
Example
The charity helps waifs and strays find homes and families.
La charité aide les orphelins et les vagabonds à trouver des foyers et des familles.
A2 noun /læmp/

Lamp

lampe
Meaning
a device for giving light, either one using electricity or burning gas or oil
Example
She turned on the reading lamp to illuminate her book.
Elle a allumé la lampe de lecture pour éclairer son livre.
C1 adjective /ˈrænsɪd/

rancid

rance
Meaning
having a bad taste or smell due to being old or spoiled (especially fats or oils)
Example
The butter had gone rancid after being left out too long.
Le beurre était devenu rance après être resté trop longtemps dehors.
C2 verb /əˈɡriːv/

aggrieve

affliger
Meaning
to cause distress or make someone feel resentful
Example
She felt aggrieved by the unfair decision.
Elle s'est sentie contrariée par la décision injuste.
B1 verb /seɪl/

sail

naviguer avec des voiles
Meaning
to travel on water in a boat or ship using sails or by wind power
Example
They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean last summer.
Ils ont navigué à travers l'océan Atlantique l'été dernier.
B2 adjective /ˈruː.tɪd/

Rooted

enraciné
Meaning
deeply established; firmly fixed
Example
His beliefs are deeply rooted in tradition.
Ses convictions sont profondément enracinées dans la tradition.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈmaɪndfəl/

Unmindful

négligent; inattentif;
Meaning
not paying attention; careless; heedless
Example
She was unmindful of the danger around her.
Elle ne faisait pas attention au danger autour d'elle.
C2 noun /ˈeɪ.pi.ˌɛr.i/

apiary

ruche
Meaning
A place where beehives are kept, especially for commercial purposes.
Example
The farmer built a new apiary to produce organic honey.
L'agriculteur a construit une nouvelle ruche pour produire du miel biologique.
A1 verb /æsk/

ask

demander
Meaning
to request information; to inquire; to invite
Example
Can I ask you a question about the homework?
Puis-je vous poser une question à propos des devoirs ?
C1 adjective /ˌoʊvərˈrɔt/

overwrought

agité / excessivement nerveux
Meaning
extremely agitated or nervous; excessively elaborate
Example
She was too overwrought to speak clearly after the accident.
Elle était trop agité pour parler clairement après l'accident.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

compatible
Meaning
Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.
Example
This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.
Ce logiciel est compatible avec les systèmes Windows et Mac.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌproʊlɪˈtɛəriən/

proletarian

prolétaire
Meaning
Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own property.
Example
The movement was rooted in proletarian struggles.
Le mouvement était enraciné dans les luttes prolétaires.
C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

détenteur
Meaning
A person who owns or holds something.
Example
The possessor of the land built a new house.
Le détenteur de la terre a construit une nouvelle maison.
C1 adjective /ˈmænɪfoʊld/

Manifold

multiples
Meaning
many and of several different types; multiple; various
Example
The project has manifold benefits for the community.
Le projet présente de multiples avantages pour la communauté.
B1 noun /ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz/

consequences

conséquences
Meaning
Results or effects of an action or condition.
Example
The consequences of ignoring safety protocols can be severe.
Les conséquences de l'ignorance des protocoles de sécurité peuvent être graves.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɛrɪtəs/

emeritus

professeur émérite
Meaning
having retired but allowed to retain their title as an honor
Example
He is a professor emeritus at the university.
Il est professeur émérite à l'université.
B1 noun /ˌfɜːrst eɪd kɪt/

first aid kit

trousse de premiers secours
Meaning
A collection of medical supplies for giving initial treatment in emergencies
Example
I always keep a first aid kit in my car for emergencies.
Je garde toujours une trousse de premiers secours dans ma voiture en cas d'urgence.
C2 noun /vɜːrˈtuː/

virtu

goût pour l'art
Meaning
a love of or taste for fine art, antiques, or curiosities
Example
The collector’s house was filled with objects of virtu.
La maison du collectionneur était remplie d'objets de virtu.
B2 noun /ˈɡɑː.mənt/

garment

vêtement
Meaning
An item of clothing.
Example
She bought a new garment for the party.
Elle a acheté un nouveau vêtement pour la fête.
A2 preposition /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

including

y compris
Meaning
used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group
Example
Many people attended the event, including students and teachers.
Beaucoup de personnes ont assisté à l'événement, y compris des étudiants et des enseignants.
B2 noun /kənˈkʌʃən/

concussion

commotion cérébrale
Meaning
A temporary unconsciousness or shock caused by a blow to the head.
Example
He suffered a concussion after falling from the bike.
Il a subi une commotion cérébrale après être tombé de son vélo.
C1 noun kəˈlɛktɪvɪzəm

collectivism

collectivisme
Meaning
The practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it.
Example
Collectivism emphasizes the importance of group over individual interests.
Le collectivisme souligne l'importance du groupe par rapport aux intérêts individuels.
B2 noun /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/

allocation

allocation
Meaning
The action or process of distributing resources or duties for a particular purpose.
Example
Budget allocation for education must be increased.
L'allocation du budget pour l'éducation doit être augmentée.
B2 adverb /drəˈmætɪkli/

dramatically

dramatiquement
Meaning
in a sudden, striking, or exaggerated way
Example
Sales increased dramatically after the campaign.
Les ventes ont augmenté de manière spectaculaire après la campagne.
C2 noun /ˈbiːlaɪn/

beeline

ligne droite
Meaning
a straight, direct route to a destination
Example
He made a beeline for the food table as soon as he entered the party.
Il a fait une ligne droite vers la table de nourriture dès qu'il est entré à la fête.
B1 verb /dɪˈfɛnd/

defend

défendre
Meaning
To protect someone or something from harm or attack.
Example
The lawyer worked hard to defend her client.
L'avocat a travaillé dur pour défendre son client.
C1 noun /ˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/

mediation

médiation
Meaning
Intervention between parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or compromise.
Example
The mediation helped resolve the conflict between the two teams.
La médiation a aidé à résoudre le conflit entre les deux équipes.
B2 verb /əˈspaɪər/

aspire

aspirer
Meaning
to have a strong desire to achieve something
Example
Many students aspire to study abroad.
Beaucoup d'étudiants aspirent à étudier à l'étranger.
B1 verb /ˈberi/

bury

enterrer
Meaning
to put in the ground; to hide; to cover completely
Example
The dog buries its bone in the yard.
Le chien enterre son os dans le jardin.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

agiter, provoquer
Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
Les manifestants ont agité pour de meilleures conditions de travail.
C1 verb /ˈpætər/

patter

faire un bruit de tapotements répétés / parler rapidement de manière mécanique
Meaning
to make a repeated light tapping sound; to talk quickly in a rehearsed or mechanical way
Example
Rain pattered softly on the window.
La pluie frappait doucement contre la fenêtre.
B2 noun /ˈmɔɪs.tʃər/

Moisture

humidité
Meaning
water or dampness that exists in small amounts in the air or on a surface
Example
The skin cream helps retain moisture.
La crème pour la peau aide à retenir l'humidité.
B2 verb /əˈstɒnɪʃ/

astonish

étonner
Meaning
to surprise someone greatly; to fill with sudden wonder or amazement
Example
The magician’s final trick astonished the entire audience.
Le dernier tour du magicien a étonné tout le public.
B2 noun /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

component

composant
Meaning
a part or element of a larger whole, especially a machine or system
Example
The engine is the most important component of the car.
Le moteur est le composant le plus important de la voiture.
C1 verb /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/

inhibit

inhiber
Meaning
to prevent or restrain someone or something from acting freely; to hinder
Example
Fear can inhibit personal growth.
La peur peut inhiber la croissance personnelle.
C2 noun /ɜːrˈbænɪti/

urbanity

urbanité
Meaning
refined courtesy, elegance, and sophistication in manner
Example
Her urbanity made her popular among diplomats and leaders.
Son urbanité la rendait populaire parmi les diplomates et les dirigeants.
C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

séparatiste
Meaning
A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.
Example
The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.
Le groupe séparatiste a exigé l'indépendance du gouvernement central.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɪriəd/

myriad

innombrable
Meaning
a countless or extremely great number
Example
There are myriad stars in the night sky.
Il y a d'innombrables étoiles dans le ciel nocturne.
B2 noun /ˈprɛmɪs/

premise

prémisse / bâtiment
Meaning
a statement or idea on which reasoning or an argument is based; also a building or property
Example
His argument was based on a false premise.
Son argument était basé sur une fausse prémisse.
B2 verb /dɪˈsɛnd/

descend

descendre
Meaning
To move or fall downward; to come or go down from a higher place.
Example
The hikers descended the steep mountain path.
Les randonneurs sont descendus par le sentier escarpé de la montagne.
C1 verb /kənˈtraɪv/

contrive

concevoir
Meaning
to plan or devise cleverly or skillfully
Example
She contrived a clever plan to surprise her friends.
Elle a conçu un plan ingénieux pour surprendre ses amis.
C2 noun /ˈsɪbɪləns/

sibilance

son sifflant
Meaning
A hissing or hushing sound, especially in speech with 's' or 'sh'.
Example
The poet used sibilance to create a soft, hissing effect in the verse.
Le poète a utilisé la sibilance pour créer un effet doux et sifflant dans le vers.
C2 noun /ˈɪəri/ or /ˈɛəri/

aery

nid de l'aigle
Meaning
An eagle’s nest, or a lofty, airy dwelling.
Example
The eagle perched proudly near its aery high on the cliff.
L'aigle s'est perché fièrement près de son aire, en haut de la falaise.
C2 noun /ˈɛksplɪkeɪtər/

explicator

explicateur
Meaning
a person who explains or interprets something in detail
Example
The critic served as an explicator of the poet’s complex works.
Le critique a servi d'explicateur des œuvres complexes du poète.
B1 adverb /ˈɑːf.tə.wərdz/

Afterwards

ensuite; après; plus tard
Meaning
at a later time; after an event or time that has already been mentioned
Example
We had dinner and afterwards we watched a movie.
Nous avons dîné et après, nous avons regardé un film.
A1 verb /ɡroʊ/

grow

croître
Meaning
to become larger or greater over a period of time; to develop
Example
Plants grow faster in spring.
Les plantes croissent plus vite au printemps.
A2 verb /ʃaɪn/

shine

briller
Meaning
to give out a bright light or glow
Example
The sun will shine brightly tomorrow.
Le soleil brillera fortement demain.
C2 noun /ˈtæksɪˌdɜːrmi/

taxidermy

taxidermie
Meaning
The art of preparing, stuffing, and mounting the skins of animals for display.
Example
The museum had a large collection of taxidermy animals.
Le musée avait une grande collection d'animaux empaillés.
C1 noun /ˈtraɪ.pɒd/

tripod

trépied
Meaning
A three-legged stand used to support a camera, telescope, or other object.
Example
The photographer set up his camera on a tripod.
Le photographe a posé sa caméra sur un trépied.
C1 noun /kɒzˈmɒlədʒi/

cosmology

cosmologie
Meaning
the science of the origin and development of the universe
Example
She studied cosmology to understand the origins of the universe.
Elle a étudié la cosmologie pour comprendre les origines de l'univers.
C1 noun əˈtrɪʃ.ən

attrition

attrition
Meaning
The process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
Example
The company faced high employee attrition due to job dissatisfaction.
L'entreprise a subi une forte attrition des employés en raison de l'insatisfaction au travail.
C2 noun /dɪˈpoʊnənt/

deponent

témoignage
Meaning
A person who gives testimony under oath, especially in a written deposition.
Example
The deponent confirmed the accuracy of the statement during the trial.
Le témoin a confirmé l'exactitude de la déclaration pendant le procès.
C2 noun /ˈlɔːˌɡɪvər/

lawgiver

législateur
Meaning
A person who creates or enforces laws; a legislator.
Example
Moses is often regarded as a great lawgiver in history.
Moïse est souvent considéré comme un grand législateur dans l'histoire.
B1 noun /ˈmɪlk.mæn/

Milkman

laitier
Meaning
a person who delivers milk to homes or businesses
Example
The milkman delivers fresh milk to our house every morning.
Le laitier livre du lait frais à notre maison tous les matins.
C1 adjective /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛəriən/

utilitarian

utilitaire
Meaning
Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive; relating to the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Example
The building had a simple utilitarian design.
Le bâtiment avait une conception utilitaire simple.
B1 noun /ˈsʌb.ɜːb/

Suburb

banlieue
Meaning
a residential area outside the central part of a city; an outlying district of a city
Example
They moved to a quiet suburb to raise their children away from city noise.
Ils ont déménagé dans un quartier résidentiel tranquille pour élever leurs enfants loin du bruit de la ville.
B2 adjective /ˌhɒrɪˈzɒntəl/

horizontal

horizontal
Meaning
parallel to the horizon; flat and level from side to side
Example
The table must be perfectly horizontal to keep the glass from sliding.
La table doit être parfaitement horizontale pour éviter que le verre glisse.
B2 verb /ɪnˈhæbɪt/

inhabit

habiter
Meaning
to live in; to occupy as a dwelling
Example
Many animals inhabit the forest.
Beaucoup d'animaux habitent la forêt.
B1 noun /blæk ˈpep.ər/

Black Pepper

poivre noir
Meaning
a hot-tasting spice made from dried peppercorns, widely used for seasoning food
Example
Season the steak with salt and freshly ground black pepper.
Assaisonnez le steak avec du sel et du poivre noir fraîchement moulu.
B2 verb/adjective /ɑːrˈtɪkjʊlət/

articulate

articuler
Meaning
to express thoughts or ideas clearly; having the ability to speak fluently and clearly
Example
She was able to articulate her ideas during the meeting.
Elle a pu articuler ses idées pendant la réunion.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

prétention, fausse apparence
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Sa prétention à être un expert a été rapidement exposée.
C1 noun ɪˌræʃ.ənˈæl.ɪ.ti

irrationality

irrationalité, absence de logique, déraison
Meaning
The quality of being illogical or unreasonable; lack of rational thought.
Example
His decision was driven by complete irrationality.
Sa décision a été guidée par une irrationalité totale.
C2 verb /ˈdʒæbər/

jabber

bavarder
Meaning
To talk quickly and excitedly but with little sense.
Example
The children jabbered happily after the show.
Les enfants bavardaient joyeusement après le spectacle.
C2 verb /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/

undulate

onduler
Meaning
To move with a smooth, wave-like motion.
Example
The snake undulated across the sand.
Le serpent ondulait à travers le sable.
A1 verb /hoʊld/

hold

tenir
Meaning
to grasp or carry something; to maintain a position
Example
Please hold my hand.
s'il vous plaît, tenez ma main.
A1 pronoun /huː/

who

qui
Meaning
used to ask about a person or people
Example
Who is coming to the party tonight?
Qui vient à la fête ce soir ?
A1 noun /ɡlæs/

Glass

verre
Meaning
a drinking container made of glass; hard transparent material
Example
He drank a glass of cold water after the workout.
Il a bu un verre d'eau froide après l'entraînement.
C2 verb /ˈɪntərˌdɪkt/

interdict

interdire
Meaning
to prohibit or forbid something by authoritative order, often by law or decree
Example
The court moved to interdict the sale of the illegal goods.
Le tribunal a décidé d'interdire la vente des biens illégaux.
C1 verb /ɪkˈspend/

expend

dépenser
Meaning
to use up or consume; to spend energy or resources
Example
He expended all his energy on the project.
Il a dépensé toute son énergie pour le projet.
C1 noun /bɑːrˈbeəriən/

Barbarian

barbare; sauvage;
Meaning
a person from an uncivilized group; someone who is cruel or brutal
Example
The ancient Romans considered anyone outside their empire to be barbarians.
Les anciens Romains considéraient comme des barbares tous ceux qui étaient hors de leur empire.
C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.kɔː.dæt/

concordat

concordat
Meaning
An agreement or treaty, especially between the Vatican and a secular government.
Example
The concordat established the rights of the church within the country.
Le concordat a établi les droits de l'église dans le pays.
B2 adjective /ˈpoʊ.lər/

polar

polaire, relatif aux pôles
Meaning
relating to the North or South Pole; opposite in nature or character
Example
Penguins live in polar regions of the Earth.
Les pingouins vivent dans les régions polaires de la Terre.
B2 noun /ˈsʌm.ɪt/

summit

sommet
Meaning
A high-level meeting between leaders, especially of governments; a conference.
Example
The summit addressed pressing global issues.
Le sommet a abordé des questions mondiales pressantes.
C1 noun /ˈstjuːpər/

stupor

stupéfaction
Meaning
a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility
Example
He remained in a stupor after hearing the shocking news.
Il est resté dans un état de stupéfaction après avoir entendu la nouvelle choquante.
C2 adjective /ˈɒkjʊlər/

ocular

oculaire
Meaning
Relating to the eye or vision.
Example
The patient was referred to a specialist for ocular treatment.
Le patient a été orienté vers un spécialiste pour un traitement oculaire.
C1 adjective /ˌæn.ɪkˈdoʊ.t̬əl/

anecdotal

basé sur des récits personnels plutôt que sur des faits ou des recherches, caractérisé par des anecdotes
Meaning
Based on personal accounts rather than facts or research; characterized by anecdotes.
Example
The book was filled with anecdotal evidence rather than data.
Le livre était rempli de preuves anecdotiques plutôt que de données.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

suivre
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
Après la dispute, le silence s'ensuivit.
C2 noun /rɪˈvaɪ.zəl/

revisal

révision
Meaning
The act of revising, reviewing, or making changes to something.
Example
The revisal of the contract took longer than expected.
La révision du contrat a pris plus de temps que prévu.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

poisson Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
Le poisson Rohu est couramment préparé avec des épices dans les foyers bengalis.
C1 adjective /əˈblɪɡ.ə.tɔː.ri/

obligatory

obligatoire
Meaning
Required by a legal, moral, or other rule; compulsory.
Example
Wearing a seatbelt is obligatory in most countries.
Porter une ceinture de sécurité est obligatoire dans la plupart des pays.
C2 adjective /ˈiːkwaɪn/

equine

relatif aux chevaux
Meaning
Relating to or resembling a horse.
Example
The veterinarian specialized in equine medicine.
Le vétérinaire s'est spécialisé en médecine équine.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈdiːd/

Misdeed

méfait; délit
Meaning
A wicked or illegal act; wrongdoing
Example
He regretted his past misdeeds and tried to make amends.
Il regrettait ses méfaits passés et essayait de se racheter.
C1 noun /ˈpoʊʃən/

potion

potion
Meaning
a liquid with healing, magical, or poisonous properties
Example
The witch gave the hero a healing potion.
La sorcière a donné au héros une potion de guérison.
C1 verb /wiːn/

wean

sevrer
Meaning
To gradually stop a child or animal from breastfeeding; to detach from a habit.
Example
Parents often wean their babies around six months old.
Les parents sevrent souvent leurs bébés vers six mois.
C1 noun /əˌsæsɪˈneɪʃən/

assassination

assassinat
Meaning
The act of killing someone important, often for political or ideological reasons.
Example
The assassination of the president shocked the nation.
L'assassinat du président a choqué la nation.
C2 noun /ˈhɔːθɔːrn/

hawthorn

arbuste épineux
Meaning
A thorny shrub or small tree with white or pink flowers, often used for hedges.
Example
The garden was lined with blooming hawthorn bushes.
Le jardin était bordé de buissons de prunelliers en fleurs.
B2 adjective /ˈɡræf.ɪk/

Graphic

graphique; visuel; vif;
Meaning
relating to visual design; vivid; clearly described;
Example
The graphic design was colorful and eye-catching.
Le design graphique était coloré et accrocheur.
B1 adverb /ˈfriːli/

Freely

librement; sans restriction;
Meaning
without restriction; openly; willingly
Example
She spoke freely about her experiences during the interview.
Elle a parlé librement de ses expériences pendant l'entretien.
C1 adjective /ˈɡʌl.ə.bəl/

gullible

facilement dupe
Meaning
Easily deceived or tricked.
Example
She was so gullible that she believed every rumor.
Elle était tellement crédule qu'elle croyait chaque rumeur.