invidious
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C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɪdiəs/

invidious

envieux
Meaning
likely to arouse resentment, envy, or anger in others
Example
The manager's invidious remarks created tension among the employees.
Les remarques envieuses du manager ont créé des tensions parmi les employés.
B2 verb /rɪˈzɛnt/

resent

ressentir
Meaning
to feel bitterness or displeasure about something or someone
Example
She began to resent the constant criticism from her boss.
Elle a commencé à ressentir la critique constante de son patron.
C2 noun /ˈbɪvuˌæk/

bivouac

bivouac
Meaning
a temporary camp without tents or cover, usually used by soldiers or mountaineers
Example
The climbers set up a bivouac on the mountainside.
Les grimpeurs ont installé un bivouac sur le flanc de la montagne.
A2 noun /ˈkʌm.pə.ni/

company

entreprise
Meaning
a business organization; the presence of other people
Example
She started her own company to sell handmade products.
Elle a créé sa propre entreprise pour vendre des produits faits main.
C2 noun /ˈmɒnəɡræm/

monogram

monogramme
Meaning
A design consisting of two or more letters, typically a person's initials, combined or interwoven.
Example
The towel was embroidered with her monogram.
La serviette était brodée avec son monogramme.
C1 noun /heɪz/

Haze

brouillard
Meaning
a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles; confusion
Example
The morning haze lifted gradually as the sun rose higher in the sky.
Le brouillard matinal s'est levé progressivement à mesure que le soleil montait plus haut dans le ciel.
C1 noun /helm/

Helm

barre
Meaning
a tiller or wheel for steering a ship or boat; a position of leadership or control
Example
The experienced captain took the helm and expertly navigated the ship through the storm.
Le capitaine expérimenté a pris la barre et a navigué le navire à travers la tempête avec expertise.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

scieur
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
Le scieur habile a coupé les bûches en planches.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪz/

marginalize

marginaliser, mettre à l'écart
Meaning
To treat a person or group as unimportant or insignificant.
Example
The policy marginalized minority communities.
La politique a marginalisé les communautés minoritaires.
C1 adjective /prəˈhɪbɪtɪv/

prohibitive

interdit
Meaning
Too high or expensive to be affordable; serving to prevent or discourage action.
Example
The cost of the medication is prohibitive for many families.
Le coût du médicament est trop élevé pour de nombreuses familles.
C1 noun rɪˈfaɪnmənt

refinement

raffinement
Meaning
The process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance.
Example
His manners showed a refinement that made him stand out in any crowd.
Ses manières montraient un raffinement qui le faisait se distinguer dans n'importe quelle foule.
B2 adjective ɪˈvɒlvɪŋ

evolving

évolutif
Meaning
Developing gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form; changing and developing.
Example
Education plays a role in evolving societal norms.
L'éducation joue un rôle dans l'évolution des normes sociétales.
C2 noun /ˌdiːlɛkˈteɪʃən/

delectation

plaisir
Meaning
great pleasure or delight
Example
She read the story aloud for the delectation of her friends.
Elle a lu l'histoire à voix haute pour le plaisir de ses amis.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

fleur cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Les fleurs de cosmos se balançaient doucement dans la brise d'été à travers le pré.
C1 noun /ˈfɪʃ.ər/

fissure

fissure
Meaning
a long, narrow opening or crack in a surface or object
Example
The earthquake caused a deep fissure in the road.
Le tremblement de terre a provoqué une fissure profonde dans la route.
C2 verb /səˈbɔːrn/

suborn

suborner
Meaning
to bribe or induce someone unlawfully to perform an act, especially to commit perjury
Example
The lawyer was accused of trying to suborn a witness.
L'avocat a été accusé d'avoir tenté de suborner un témoin.
A1 noun /ˈaʊər/

hour

heure
Meaning
A period of time equal to 60 minutes.
Example
The meeting lasted for two hours.
La réunion a duré deux heures.
B2 noun /strɔː/

straw

paille ou tige
Meaning
a thin tube for sucking up liquids; dried stalks of grain plants
Example
She drank the juice through a straw.
Elle a bu le jus à travers une paille.
C1 noun /ˈraɪtʃəsnəs/

righteousness

rectitude
Meaning
the quality of being morally right or justifiable
Example
His life was dedicated to righteousness and truth.
Sa vie était dédiée à la rectitude et à la vérité.
B2 verb /ɪnˈfɔːrs/

enforce

faire respecter
Meaning
to make sure that a rule, law, or policy is obeyed
Example
The police are responsible for enforcing the law.
La police est responsable de faire respecter la loi.
B2 noun /ˈmærəθən/

marathon

marathon
Meaning
a long-distance running race, typically 42.195 kilometers (26.2 miles)
Example
She completed the marathon in under four hours.
Elle a terminé le marathon en moins de quatre heures.
A1 adjective /ˈmɛni/

many

beaucoup
Meaning
a large number of
Example
Many students attended the lecture.
Beaucoup d'étudiants ont assisté à la conférence.
C1 noun /ˌɪndɪˈdʒɛstʃən/

indigestion

indigestion
Meaning
Discomfort or pain in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.
Example
He avoided spicy food because it often gave him indigestion.
Il evitait les aliments epices car cela lui donnait souvent une indigestion.
B2 adjective /ˈprɛsɪŋ/

pressing

urgent
Meaning
Requiring immediate attention or urgent action.
Example
The manager had to deal with several pressing issues at once.
Le gestionnaire a dû gérer plusieurs problèmes urgents en même temps.
A2 verb /kəˈlɛkt/

collect

collecter
Meaning
to gather together; to accumulate items
Example
I collect stamps as a hobby.
Je collectionne des timbres comme passe-temps.
B2 noun /ˈruːlɪŋ/

ruling

arrêt
Meaning
an official decision made by a judge or authority.
Example
The court’s ruling favored the defendant.
L'arrêt du tribunal a favorisé le prévenu.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈiːzi/

Uneasy

inquiet; anxieux; mal à l'aise
Meaning
worried; anxious; uncomfortable; restless
Example
She felt uneasy about walking alone at night.
Elle se sentait inquiète de marcher seule la nuit.
C2 noun /bəˈθɪm.ə.tri/

bathymetry

bathymétrie
Meaning
The measurement of depth of water in oceans, seas, or lakes.
Example
Bathymetry is essential for understanding oceanic topography.
La bathymétrie est essentielle pour comprendre la topographie océanique.
C1 adjective /ˈevər ˈlæstɪŋ/

Ever-lasting

éternel; permanent;
Meaning
eternal; permanent; enduring forever
Example
Their love is ever-lasting and will never fade.
Leur amour est éternel et ne s'éteindra jamais.
C1 noun (plural) /ˈhɪntərlændz/

hinterlands

zones reculées
Meaning
Plural of hinterland; remote or less developed regions.
Example
Explorers traveled deep into the hinterlands of the country.
Les explorateurs ont voyagé profondément dans les zones reculées du pays.
C2 noun /dɪˈkæmɪtər/

decameter

décamètre
Meaning
A metric unit of length equal to ten meters.
Example
The field was measured in decameters for accuracy.
Le terrain a été mesuré en décamètres pour plus de précision.
B1 noun /kɒp/

cop

policier
Meaning
a police officer (informal)
Example
The cop stopped the car for speeding.
Le policier a arrêté la voiture pour excès de vitesse.
C1 verb /ˈdʒɪtər/

jitter

trembler
Meaning
to shake or tremble slightly, often from fear, nervousness, or excitement
Example
He began to jitter nervously before giving his speech.
Il a commencé à trembler nerveusement avant de donner son discours.
A1 adjective /kwɪk/

Quick

rapide
Meaning
fast; rapid; swift; happening in a short time
Example
She gave a quick answer to the teacher's question.
Elle a donné une réponse rapide à la question de l'enseignant.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

pertinent
Meaning
Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
Example
She asked a pertinent question during the meeting.
Elle a posé une question pertinente lors de la réunion.
C2 noun /ˈstrɪndʒənsi/

stringency

rigueur
Meaning
the quality of being strict, precise, or severe
Example
The stringency of the new rules surprised everyone.
La rigueur des nouvelles règles a surpris tout le monde.
C1 adverb /ˈhɛdˌlɔŋ/

headlong

à toute allure
Meaning
With the head leading; in a rush or without thinking.
Example
She rushed headlong into the new project.
Elle s'est précipitée à toute allure dans le nouveau projet.
A2 noun, verb /kəˈrɪər/

career

carrière / profession
Meaning
As a noun: a person’s course of professional life; as a verb: to move swiftly and in an uncontrolled way.
Example
She built a successful career in medicine.
Elle a construit une carrière réussie dans la médecine.
B1 adjective /ˈdɪstənt/

Distant

lointain
Meaning
far away in space or time; remote
Example
We could see a distant mountain on the horizon.
Nous pouvions voir une montagne lointaine à l'horizon.
C2 adjective /ˌeθ.noʊˈsen.trɪk/

ethnocentric

ethnocentrique
Meaning
evaluating other cultures according to the standards of one's own culture
Example
His ethnocentric attitude made it hard for him to appreciate foreign traditions.
Son attitude ethnocentrique lui rendait difficile d'apprécier les traditions étrangères.
C2 noun /ˈbɑːrbərɪzəm/

Barbarism

barbarie
Meaning
extreme cruelty or brutality; absence of culture and civilization
Example
The barbarism of the war crimes shocked the entire international community.
Le barbarisme des crimes de guerre a choqué la communauté internationale.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈtaɪərɪŋ/

Untiring

inlassable; persévérant; infatigable
Meaning
continuing without stopping; persistent; tireless
Example
Her untiring efforts finally led to success.
Ses efforts inlassables ont finalement conduit au succès.
C2 noun /boʊ/

beau

amant
Meaning
a male admirer or boyfriend; a fashionable young man
Example
She arrived at the party with her beau.
Elle est arrivée à la fête avec son amant.
C1 noun ˌvɒl.əˈtɪl.ɪ.ti

volatility

volatilité
Meaning
Liability to change rapidly and unpredictably, especially for the worse; instability.
Example
The stock market's volatility makes investment risky.
La volatilité du marché boursier rend l’investissement risqué.
C2 adverb, adjective /ˈɡrætɪs/ or /ˈɡreɪtɪs/

gratis

gratuit
Meaning
Without charge; free of cost.
Example
The drinks at the event were provided gratis.
Les boissons à l'événement étaient fournies gratuitement.
C2 verb /bɪˈleɪbə/

belabour

s'appesantir sur
Meaning
to explain something repeatedly or with excessive detail; to criticize or attack verbally at length
Example
The teacher did not belabour the point once the students understood it.
Le professeur ne s'est pas appesanti sur le point une fois que les élèves ont compris.
A1 adjective, adverb, verb /ˈbɛtər/

better

mieux
Meaning
of a more excellent or effective type or quality; to surpass or improve
Example
He felt better after taking the medicine.
Il se sentait mieux après avoir pris le médicament.
C1 verb /diːˈfjuːz/

defuse

désamorcer
Meaning
To make a situation less dangerous, tense, or explosive; to remove a fuse from a bomb.
Example
The negotiator helped defuse the tense situation.
Le négociateur a aidé à désamorcer la situation tendue.
C1 noun /ˈprɒspɛktər/

prospector

prospecteur minier
Meaning
a person who searches for mineral deposits, especially gold
Example
The prospector spent years in the mountains searching for gold.
Le prospecteur a passé des années dans les montagnes à chercher de l'or.
B2 noun ˈsʌbˌaɪtəlz

subtitles

sous-titre
Meaning
Captions displayed at the bottom of a movie or television screen that translate or transcribe the dialogue or narrative.
Example
Use subtitles for better understanding.
Utilisez des sous-titres pour une meilleure compréhension.
B2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnt/

intent

intention
Meaning
the purpose or reason behind an action; a strong determination to do something
Example
Her intent was to improve the quality of education in the community.
Son intention était d'améliorer la qualité de l'éducation dans la communauté.
C2 adjective /ˌdɪskəmˈbɑːbjuleɪtɪd/

discombobulated

désorienté
Meaning
confused and disoriented; feeling unsettled
Example
She looked discombobulated after hearing the unexpected news.
Elle avait l'air désorientée après avoir entendu la nouvelle inattendue.
C2 adjective /rəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/

rapacious

avidité
Meaning
having an extreme desire to take things for oneself, greedy
Example
The rapacious landlord raised the rent without reason.
Le propriétaire avide a augmenté le loyer sans raison.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛlˌteɪl/

telltale

révélateur
Meaning
Revealing something that is usually hidden; giving away a secret or clue.
Example
The telltale signs of fatigue were visible on his face.
Les signes révélateurs de fatigue étaient visibles sur son visage.
C1 verb /ˈrʌf.l̩/

ruffle

déranger, agacer
Meaning
to disturb the smoothness of something; to annoy or upset someone
Example
The wind ruffled her hair.
Le vent a éparpillé ses cheveux.
B2 verb /ˈlaɪtən/

lighten

alléger; éclaircir
Meaning
to make something brighter or less dark; to make something less heavy or serious
Example
A joke can lighten the mood during a tense meeting.
Une blague peut alléger l’atmosphère d’une réunion tendue.
C2 noun /ˈeɪʒən siː bæs/

Asian sea bass

bar asiatique
Meaning
a large predatory fish found in coastal waters and estuaries of the Indo-Pacific region, prized for its white meat
Example
Asian sea bass is highly valued in aquaculture for its fast growth.
Le bar asiatique est très apprécié en aquaculture pour sa croissance rapide.
B1 noun /ˈrʌbɪʃ/

Rubbish

déchets; objets inutiles; bêtises
Meaning
waste material; refuse or litter; nonsense or worthless things
Example
Please throw the rubbish in the bin.
S'il vous plaît, jetez les déchets dans la poubelle.
B2 noun /ˈmɪd.deɪ/

Midday

midi
Meaning
The middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime; noon
Example
The sun is brightest at midday when it's directly overhead.
Le soleil est le plus brillant à midi quand il est directement au-dessus.
B2 noun /temp.ˈteɪ.ʃən/

Temptation

tentation
Meaning
the desire to do something wrong or unwise; an urge to have or do something
Example
He resisted the temptation to eat the entire chocolate cake.
Il a résisté à la tentation de manger tout le gâteau au chocolat.
A2 noun /ˈdɪs.təns/

Distance

distance
Meaning
the length of space between two points; remoteness in place, time, or relationship
Example
The distance between the two cities is approximately three hundred kilometers.
La distance entre les deux villes est d'environ trois cents kilomètres.
B2 noun /ˈmɒdəreɪtər/

moderator

modérateur
Meaning
A person who leads or oversees discussions, debates, or forums to maintain order.
Example
The moderator asked each panelist to share their views.
Le modérateur a demandé à chaque panéliste de partager leurs points de vue.
C2 noun /ˈpɜr.kwɪ.zɪt/

Perquisite

avantage
Meaning
an additional benefit or privilege given to an employee beyond their regular salary; a special right or advantage
Example
Company car was one of the perquisites of his executive position.
La voiture de fonction etait l'un des avantages lies a son poste de cadre.
C1 noun /bɒɡ/

bog

marais
Meaning
an area of wet, spongy ground; a swamp or marsh
Example
The hikers got stuck in a bog.
Les randonneurs se sont retrouvés coincés dans un marais.
B1 noun /ˈdʒʌŋ.ɡəl/

Jungle

forêt dense; jungle;
Meaning
a dense forest in a tropical climate; a place of bewildering complexity or ruthless struggle
Example
The explorer got lost in the dense Amazon jungle for three days.
L'explorateur s'est perdu dans la dense jungle amazonienne pendant trois jours.
A1 pronoun /aʊərz/

ours

le nôtre
Meaning
belonging to or associated with us
Example
This victory is ours.
Cette victoire est la nôtre.
C2 verb /ˈwɪn.oʊ/

winnow

sélectionner; séparer le grain de la paille
Meaning
to remove the less desirable parts from a group; originally, to separate grain from chaff by blowing air
Example
The committee will winnow the list of applicants to ten finalists.
Le comité réduira la liste des candidats à dix finalistes.
C2 noun /mɪˈsɑːɡəmi/

misogamy

misogamie
Meaning
Hatred or dislike of marriage.
Example
His misogamy prevented him from ever settling down with a partner.
Sa misogamie l'a empêché de se poser avec un partenaire.
C2 noun /prəˈtuːbərəns/

protuberance

protubérance
Meaning
A rounded swelling or lump on a surface.
Example
The doctor examined the small protuberance on his arm.
Le médecin a examiné la petite protubérance sur son bras.
C2 noun /liːən/

lien

privilège
Meaning
A legal right to keep possession of property until a debt is paid.
Example
The bank placed a lien on the house until the mortgage was cleared.
La banque a placé un privilège sur la maison jusqu'à ce que l'hypothèque soit réglée.
C1 noun /pərˈvɜːrʒən/

perversion

perversion
Meaning
The act of distorting or corrupting the original meaning, purpose, or state of something.
Example
The regime’s censorship was seen as a perversion of free speech.
La censure du régime a été vue comme une perversion de la liberté d'expression.
C1 verb /lɜːrk/

lurk

guetter
Meaning
to remain hidden so as to wait for an opportunity to attack or observe
Example
A stranger lurked in the shadows.
Un étranger rôdait dans l'ombre.
B2 noun /ɪˈfɛktɪvnəs/

effectiveness

efficacité
Meaning
the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result.
Example
The effectiveness of the new policy is still being evaluated.
L'efficacité de la nouvelle politique est toujours en évaluation.
B1 noun /ˈtæblət/

tablet

tablette
Meaning
a small flat computer or a small solid dose of medicine
Example
She took a tablet to relieve her headache.
Elle a pris une tablette pour soulager son mal de tete.
C1 adjective /ˈrævənəs/

ravenous

affamé
Meaning
Extremely hungry; famished.
Example
After the long hike, she was ravenous and ate quickly.
Après la longue randonnée, elle était affamée et a mangé rapidement.
C1 noun /draɪ fɪʃ/

Dry fish

poisson séché
Meaning
fish that has been preserved by drying in the sun or by other dehydration methods
Example
Dry fish is a popular preserved food in many coastal regions.
Le poisson séché est un aliment conservé populaire dans de nombreuses régions côtières.
C2 noun /ˈbɛnɪfɪs/

benefice

bénéfice ecclésiastique
Meaning
a permanent church appointment for which property and income are provided
Example
The bishop appointed him to a wealthy benefice.
L'évêque l'a nommé à un bénéfice ecclésiastique riche.
C1 noun /ˈruːdɪmənt/

rudiment

rudiments
Meaning
A basic principle, element, or fundamental part of something.
Example
He learned the rudiments of music before joining the band.
Il a appris les rudiments de la musique avant de rejoindre le groupe.
C2 noun /ˈflɒtsəm/

flotsam

débris flottants
Meaning
Floating debris from a shipwreck or things discarded and left floating.
Example
The beach was littered with flotsam after the storm.
La plage était couverte de débris flottants après la tempête.
B2 noun ˈkæp.ɪ.təl.ɪ.zəm

capitalism

capitalisme
Meaning
An economic system where trade, industry and production are privately owned and operated for profit.
Example
Capitalism encourages innovation and competition.
Le capitalisme favorise l'innovation et la concurrence.
C2 adjective /kəˈnjuːbiəl/

connubial

conjugal
Meaning
Relating to marriage or the relationship of a married couple.
Example
They celebrated their connubial bliss with a honeymoon trip.
Ils ont célébré leur bonheur conjugal avec un voyage de noces.
B2 noun/verb /ˈlɪtər/

litter

déchets
Meaning
rubbish or waste left lying in a public place; to make a place untidy by leaving rubbish
Example
The park was full of litter after the festival.
Le parc était plein de déchets après le festival.
A2 noun /ˈləʊɡəʊ/

logo

logo
Meaning
a symbol or other small design adopted by an organization to identify its products, uniform, vehicles, etc.
Example
The company's logo was redesigned to reflect its new image.
Le logo de l'entreprise a été repensé pour refléter sa nouvelle image.
B2 noun /ˈrerəti/

Rarity

l'état d'être rare; quelque chose qui est peu commun ou rare
Meaning
the state of being rare; something that is uncommon or scarce
Example
The antique vase was a rarity worth thousands of dollars.
Le vase antique était une rareté valant des milliers de dollars.
B2 noun ˈnætʃərəl ˈhæbɪtæt

Natural Habitat

habitat naturel
Meaning
The natural environment where organisms live and fulfill their life needs.
Example
Protecting the natural habitat is crucial for butterflies.
Protéger l'habitat naturel est crucial pour les papillons.
B2 noun /krɪˈeɪtə/

creator

créateur
Meaning
a person who brings something into existence
Example
He is the creator of many successful startups.
Il est le créateur de nombreuses startups à succès.
B1 verb /ʃɪft/

shift

déplacer
Meaning
To move or change from one place, position, or situation to another.
Example
She had to shift her focus to the new project.
Elle a dû déplacer son attention vers le nouveau projet.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌlən/

sullen

maussade
Meaning
bad-tempered and gloomy; silently resentful
Example
She gave him a sullen look and walked away.
Elle lui lança un regard maussade et s'éloigna.
C2 adjective /ˈʌndjʊleɪtɪŋ/

undulating

ondulant
Meaning
Having a smoothly rising and falling form or motion like waves.
Example
We drove through undulating hills.
Nous avons conduit à travers des collines ondulantes.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʌn.dəns/

Redundance

redondance
Meaning
the state of being not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous repetition of information
Example
The document contained redundance that made it unnecessarily long.
Le document contenait une redondance qui le rendait inutilement long.
C2 noun /ɪˈfrʌntəri/

effrontery

audace ou impudence
Meaning
shameless or rude boldness
Example
He had the effrontery to lie even when caught red-handed.
Il a eu l'audace de mentir même lorsqu'il a été pris la main dans le sac.
C1 adjective ɪnˈkʌm.bənt

incumbent

obligatoire
Meaning
necessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.
Example
It is incumbent upon all citizens to obey the law.
Il est obligatoire pour tous les citoyens d'obéir à la loi.
A2 noun /wɔːr/

War

guerre
Meaning
a state of armed conflict between different countries or different groups within a country
Example
The war lasted for five years and caused great destruction.
La guerre a duré cinq ans et a causé une grande destruction.
A1 pronoun /ðɛər/

their

leur
Meaning
belonging to or associated with the people or things previously mentioned
Example
Their house is on the corner.
Leur maison est au coin.
A1 adjective /ˈhʌŋɡri/

Hungry

affamé
Meaning
feeling the need for food; having a strong desire or craving
Example
I am very hungry after working all day.
J'ai très faim après avoir travaillé toute la journée.
C2 adjective /ˈʃɑːpwɔːrn/

shopworn

usé / vieilli
Meaning
worn or faded from being displayed in a shop; no longer fresh or original
Example
The shopworn shoes were sold at a discount.
Les chaussures shopworn ont été vendues à prix réduit.
A1 noun, verb /bʊk/

book

livre / réserver
Meaning
A set of written, printed, or blank pages fastened together; to arrange for someone to have a seat, room, or ticket in advance.
Example
I booked a table at the restaurant for dinner.
J'ai réservé une table au restaurant pour le dîner.
A2 adjective /ˈbeɪ.sɪk/

Basic

de base; fondamental;
Meaning
fundamental; essential; forming the foundation or starting point
Example
Learning basic English grammar is essential for beginners.
Apprendre la grammaire de base en anglais est essentiel pour les débutants.
B2 noun /ˈθiːərɪst/

theorist

théoricien
Meaning
A person who develops, studies, or explains theories in a particular field.
Example
The political theorist explained the impact of democracy on social structures.
Le théoricien politique a expliqué l'impact de la démocratie sur les structures sociales.
A2 noun /stoʊn/

stone

pierre
Meaning
a hard, naturally occurring mineral material found in the earth
Example
He threw a stone into the lake.
Il a lancé une pierre dans le lac.
C1 verb /ˈfɛdərət/

federate

fédérer
Meaning
to unite in a league or federation; to form an alliance
Example
Several states federated to create a stronger union.
Plusieurs États se sont fédérés pour créer une union plus forte.
C1 verb /fɔːˈbɛər/

forbear

s'abstenir
Meaning
To refrain from doing something; to show patience or self-control.
Example
She forbore from commenting on his mistake.
Elle s'est abstenue de commenter son erreur.
A2 noun /ˈreɪl.weɪ/

Railway

chemin de fer
Meaning
a track made of steel rails along which trains run; a system of tracks with trains, stations, and other facilities
Example
The railway connects major cities across the country.
Le chemin de fer relie les grandes villes du pays.
C2 noun /ˈɡælvəˌnɪzəm/

galvanism

galvanisme
Meaning
Electricity produced by chemical action, especially in a battery; the therapeutic use of electricity in medicine.
Example
Galvanism played a key role in early experiments with electricity.
Le galvanisme a joué un rôle clé dans les premières expériences avec l'électricité.
C2 noun /ˈpeɪpəsi/

papacy

papauté
Meaning
The office or authority of the Pope in the Roman Catholic Church.
Example
The papacy played a significant role in medieval European politics.
La papauté a joué un rôle important dans la politique médiévale européenne.
C1 noun /ˈkæn.ə.pi/

canopy

la couche supérieure d'une forêt formée par les cimes des arbres; couverture supérieure
Meaning
The upper layer of a forest formed by the crowns of trees; overhead cover.
Example
The rainforest canopy provides shelter to many birds and insects.
La canopée de la forêt tropicale offre un abri à de nombreux oiseaux et insectes.
C1 noun /rɪt/

writ

ordre judiciaire
Meaning
A formal written order issued by a court.
Example
The judge issued a writ of habeas corpus.
Le juge a émis un ordre de habeas corpus.
C1 noun, verb /pliːt/

pleat

pli
Meaning
a fold in fabric made by doubling the material back upon itself
Example
She added a pleat to the skirt for extra volume.
Elle a ajouté un pli à la jupe pour plus de volume.
A2 noun /ˈɪntəvjuː/

interview

entretien
Meaning
A meeting of people face to face, especially for consultation.
Example
The interview was conducted in a calm and professional manner.
L'entretien s'est déroulé de manière calme et professionnelle.
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pi/

philanthropy

philanthropie
Meaning
the desire to promote the welfare of others, often expressed by the generous donation of money to good causes
Example
Philanthropy has helped improve healthcare in many developing countries.
La philanthropie a contribué à améliorer les soins de santé dans de nombreux pays en développement.
B2 noun /ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/

Buffalo

buffle
Meaning
a large wild ox with heavy horns; American bison
Example
The buffalo grazed peacefully in the meadow.
Le buffle paissait paisiblement dans la prairie.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoi
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
Le convoi militaire a traversé le désert à l'aube.
A1 noun /ˈlet.ər/

Letter

lettre; caractère
Meaning
a character representing one or more of the sounds used in speech; a written message, typically sent in an envelope
Example
She wrote a letter to her grandmother.
Elle a écrit une lettre à sa grand-mère.
B2 noun /ˈfaɪ.bər/

fibre

fibres
Meaning
A thread or filament from which a vegetable tissue, mineral substance, or textile is formed; dietary material that aids digestion.
Example
Eating foods rich in fibre can improve your digestion.
Manger des aliments riches en fibres peut améliorer votre digestion.
C1 adjective /ˈwaɪəri/

wiry

svelte, fort et résistant
Meaning
Lean, tough, and strong, often with sinewy muscles.
Example
The wiry athlete moved with remarkable speed and agility.
L'athlète svelte se déplaçait avec une rapidité et une agilité remarquables.
A2 noun /sɛlf/

self

soi
Meaning
a person's essential being that distinguishes them from others, especially considered as the object of introspection or reflexive action
Example
She has a strong sense of self.
Elle a un fort sens de soi.
A1 adjective /əˈfreɪd/

afraid

effrayé
Meaning
feeling fear or anxiety; worried that something undesirable will happen
Example
She was afraid of the dark.
Elle avait peur du noir.
C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

épargne proactive
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
L'épargne proactive garantit la stabilité financière à un âge avancé.
C2 noun /ˈdæl.i.əns/

Dalliance

flirt; aventure; liaison éphémère
Meaning
a casual romantic or sexual relationship; a brief involvement or experiment
Example
His dalliance with photography lasted only a few months before he lost interest.
Son flirt avec la photographie n'a duré que quelques mois avant qu'il perde de l'intérêt.
A1 noun /ˈvɪdiəʊ/

video

vidéo
Meaning
a recording of moving visual images made digitally or on film
Example
She watched the video of her favorite concert online.
Elle a regardé la vidéo de son concert préféré en ligne.
B2 noun /ˈʌpˌkiːp/

up-keep

entretien
Meaning
The process or cost of maintaining something in good condition.
Example
The upkeep of the old house is very expensive.
L'entretien de la vieille maison est très cher.