invaluable
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C1 adjective /ɪnˈvæljʊəbl/

invaluable

inestimable
Meaning
Extremely useful or indispensable.
Example
Her advice proved invaluable to my success.
Son conseil s'est avéré inestimable pour mon succès.
B2 verb /ˈkeɪtər/

cater

cuisiner
Meaning
To provide food, drinks, or services, usually for an event or group.
Example
The company catered the wedding reception.
L'entreprise a préparé le dîner pour la réception du mariage.
A2 noun /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

training

formation
Meaning
the process of teaching or learning a particular skill or type of behavior
Example
She completed her training as a nurse last year.
Elle a terminé sa formation en tant qu'infirmière l'année dernière.
C1 adjective /səbˈmɪs.ɪv/

Submissive

soumis; obéissant; humble
Meaning
ready to obey others; yielding to authority; humble and compliant
Example
She became submissive after years of harsh treatment.
Elle est devenue soumise après des années de traitement sévère.
A1 noun /bɜːrd/

bird

oiseau
Meaning
a warm-blooded animal with feathers and wings that usually lays eggs and can often fly
Example
A bird was singing on the tree branch.
Un oiseau chantait sur la branche de l'arbre.
C1 noun /ˈhɜːrniə/

hernia

hernie
Meaning
A medical condition where an organ pushes through the muscle or tissue holding it in place.
Example
The doctor diagnosed him with an inguinal hernia.
Le médecin lui a diagnostiqué une hernie inguinale.
A1 noun /kæn/

Can

boîte
Meaning
a metal container for food or drink
Example
I opened a can of soup for lunch.
J'ai ouvert une boîte de soupe pour le déjeuner.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪz/

marginalize

marginaliser, mettre à l'écart
Meaning
To treat a person or group as unimportant or insignificant.
Example
The policy marginalized minority communities.
La politique a marginalisé les communautés minoritaires.
B2 verb /ˈsuːpərvaɪz/

supervise

superviser
Meaning
to watch and direct a person or activity to ensure things are done correctly
Example
The teacher supervises students during the exam.
Le professeur supervise les étudiants pendant l'examen.
C1 adjective /tjuːˈmʌltʃuəs/

tumultuous

tumultueux
Meaning
Characterized by disorder, noisy excitement, or emotional agitation.
Example
They had a tumultuous relationship full of ups and downs.
Ils avaient une relation tumultueuse pleine de hauts et de bas.
C2 noun /ˌænθrəpəˈsɛntrɪzəm/

anthropocentrism

anthropocentrisme
Meaning
The belief that human beings are the most important or central element of existence.
Example
Anthropocentrism often shapes environmental policies.
L'anthropocentrisme façonne souvent les politiques environnementales.
A2 verb /friːz/

freeze

geler
Meaning
to become solid due to cold; to preserve by cold
Example
Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius.
L'eau gèle à zéro degrés Celsius.
A2 noun /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

running

courir
Meaning
the action or sport of running
Example
Running every morning keeps me healthy.
Courir chaque matin me garde en bonne santé.
A2 adjective /ˈtiːnˌeɪdʒ/

teenage

adolescent
Meaning
relating to or characteristic of people aged between 13 and 19 years old
Example
She spent her teenage years in a small town.
Elle a passé ses années adolescentes dans une petite ville.
C2 adjective /ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk/

esoteric

ésotérique
Meaning
intended for or understood by only a small number of people with special knowledge
Example
The professor gave an esoteric lecture on ancient philosophy.
Le professeur a donné une conférence ésotérique sur la philosophie ancienne.
B2 noun /ˈrʊki/

rookie

débutant
Meaning
a person who is new to an activity or organization; a beginner
Example
The rookie policeman made a few mistakes on his first day.
Le policier débutant a fait quelques erreurs lors de son premier jour.
C2 noun /niːˈɒlədʒɪzəm/

neologism

néologisme
Meaning
A newly coined word or expression.
Example
The internet has given rise to many neologisms like 'selfie' and 'hashtag'.
Internet a donné naissance à de nombreux néologismes comme 'selfie' et 'hashtag'.
C1 adjective /ˌsækrəˈlɪdʒəs/

sacrilegious

sacrilège
Meaning
Showing disrespect or irreverence toward something sacred.
Example
The painting was criticized as being sacrilegious.
Le tableau a été critiqué comme étant sacrilège.
C1 noun /ˈfiː.nɪks/

phoenix

oiseau phénix
Meaning
a mythical bird that is reborn from its ashes; symbol of immortality or renewal
Example
The legend says the phoenix rises from its ashes every 500 years.
La légende dit que le phénix renaît de ses cendres tous les 500 ans.
B1 adjective /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkəl/

alphabetical

alphabétique
Meaning
Arranged in the order of the letters of the alphabet.
Example
The names were listed in alphabetical order.
Les noms étaient listés dans l'ordre alphabétique.
B2 adjective /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/

luxurious

luxueux
Meaning
extremely comfortable, elegant, or enjoyable, often involving great expense
Example
They stayed in a luxurious hotel during their vacation.
Ils ont séjourné dans un hôtel luxueux pendant leurs vacances.
B2 verb /ˈtɜːrmɪˌneɪt/

terminate

terminer
Meaning
to bring something to an end or to stop something from continuing
Example
The company decided to terminate his contract.
L'entreprise a décidé de mettre fin à son contrat.
C2 verb /kənˈtjuːz/

contuse

contusionner
Meaning
to bruise by striking or hitting
Example
He contused his arm when he fell off the bike.
Il s'est contusionné le bras lorsqu'il est tombé de son vélo.
C1 adverb /ˈvaɪtəli/

vitally

vitalement
Meaning
in an extremely important or essential way; in a manner relating to life or vitality
Example
Access to clean water is vitally important for public health.
L’accès à l’eau propre est vitalement important pour la santé publique.
C1 noun /blɒˈkeɪd/

Blockade

blocus
Meaning
an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving
Example
The naval blockade prevented supplies from reaching the port.
Le blocus naval a empêché les fournitures d'atteindre le port.
B1 adjective /ˈvæljʊəbl/

Valuable

précieux; important
Meaning
worth a great deal of money; extremely useful or important
Example
The painting is very valuable and worth millions.
Le tableau est très précieux et vaut des millions.
A1 adjective /ˈʌðər/

other

autre
Meaning
used to refer to something different from the one already mentioned or known
Example
I don't want this one, I will take the other one.
Je ne veux pas de celui-ci, je prendrai l'autre.
C1 adjective /ˈrɔːkəs/

raucous

bruyant, tapageur
Meaning
loud, harsh, and unpleasant sound or behavior
Example
The crowd became raucous after the team scored.
La foule est devenue bruyante après que l'équipe a marqué.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪˌbreɪk/

daybreak

aurore
Meaning
The time in the morning when daylight first appears; dawn.
Example
They set out on their journey at daybreak.
Ils ont commencé leur voyage à l'aube.
C1 noun /ˈpiːɒn/

peon

péon
Meaning
a low-ranking worker, often performing menial tasks
Example
The office peon delivered the files to each department.
Le péon du bureau a remis les dossiers à chaque département.
C1 noun ˈdɪl.ɪ.dʒəns

diligence

diligence
Meaning
Careful and persistent work or effort.
Example
Success requires patience and diligence.
Le succès nécessite de la patience et de la diligence.
A2 noun əˈpɔɪnt.mənts

appointments

nominations
Meaning
An arrangement to meet someone at a particular time and place; the action of assigning a job or role to someone.
Example
Government appointments follow meritocracy.
Les nominations gouvernementales suivent la méritocratie.
C2 noun /ˈæntɪk/

antic

farce
Meaning
a playful, funny, or silly act or gesture
Example
The children laughed at the clown’s antics.
Les enfants ont ri des farces du clown.
C1 adjective /ˌkætəˈɡɒrɪkəl/

categorical

catégorique
Meaning
Absolute and without exception; expressed clearly and directly.
Example
She gave a categorical denial of the allegations.
Elle a donné un déni catégorique des accusations.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌstʌdi/

understudy

sous-distributeur
Meaning
An actor who learns another's role to act as a replacement if needed.
Example
The understudy performed when the lead actor fell ill.
Le sous-distributeur a joué lorsque l'acteur principal est tombé malade.
B2 noun /traɪb/

tribe

tribu
Meaning
a social group consisting of people with common customs, language, and culture
Example
The tribe lived in harmony with nature.
La tribu vivait en harmonie avec la nature.
C2 adjective /ˌluː.mɪˈnɛs.ənt/

luminescent

lumineux
Meaning
Emitting light without heat, glowing softly.
Example
The luminescent watch dial was visible in the dark.
Le cadran lumineux de la montre était visible dans l'obscurité.
B1 noun ɪnˈven.ʃən

invention

invention
Meaning
The action of inventing something, typically a process or device.
Example
The invention revolutionized communication.
L'invention a révolutionné la communication.
B1 noun /ˈɡæsəˌliːn/

gasoline

essence
Meaning
a liquid fuel made from petroleum, used mainly to power engines in vehicles
Example
The price of gasoline has increased significantly this month.
Le prix de l'essence a augmenté de manière significative ce mois-ci.
B1 noun, verb /eɪd/

aid

aide
Meaning
help or support, typically of a practical nature
Example
The volunteers provided aid to the flood victims.
Les bénévoles ont fourni de l'aide aux victimes de l'inondation.
C2 noun /niˈɒlədʒi/

neology

l'utilisation de nouveaux mots ou l'étude de leur origine
Meaning
The use of new words or the study of their origin.
Example
The professor specialized in neology, studying the creation of modern slang.
Le professeur s'est spécialisé en néologie, étudiant la création du jargon moderne.
B2 noun /buˈkeɪ/

Bouquet

bouquet de fleurs
Meaning
an attractively arranged bunch of flowers, especially one presented as a gift or carried at a ceremony
Example
The bride carried a beautiful bouquet of white roses down the aisle.
La mariée a porté un magnifique bouquet de roses blanches dans l'allée.
B2 adjective ˌiːvəˈluːʃənəri

evolutionary

évolutif
Meaning
Relating to or denoting the gradual development of something, especially from a simple to a more complex form.
Example
The evolutionary changes in species are fascinating.
Les changements évolutifs dans les espèces sont fascinants.
C2 noun /ˌræproʊʃˈmɑːn/

rapprochement

réconciliation
Meaning
The establishment or resumption of harmonious relations.
Example
The two countries signed an agreement that marked a new rapprochement.
Les deux pays ont signé un accord marquant un nouveau rapprochement.
A2 noun /ˈbenɪfɪt/

Benefit

avantage; profit; bénéfice
Meaning
an advantage or profit gained from something; a helpful or good effect
Example
Exercise has many health benefits for your body.
L'exercice a de nombreux bienfaits pour votre corps.
C2 adverb /əˈmʌk/

amuck

de manière débridée
Meaning
in a frenzied, uncontrolled, or chaotic manner
Example
The bull ran amuck through the village.
Le taureau a couru de manière débridée à travers le village.
A2 verb /hæŋ/

hang

suspendre
Meaning
to suspend or be suspended from above; to attach from a higher point
Example
I hang my coat on the hook.
Je suspends mon manteau sur le crochet.
C2 adjective /ɛɡˈzɪɡjuəs/

exiguous

exigu
Meaning
small in amount; scanty or inadequate
Example
They survived on exiguous rations during the journey.
Ils ont survécu avec des rations exiguës pendant le voyage.
B2 noun /ˈwɑː.ʃər mæn/

Washer man

blanchisseur
Meaning
a person whose job is to wash clothes and linens for others
Example
The washer man collected dirty clothes from every household in the village.
Le blanchisseur a collecté les vêtements sales de chaque maison du village.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈtɜːrmənət/

indeterminate

indéterminé
Meaning
Not exactly known, defined, or established; vague or uncertain.
Example
The project was delayed for an indeterminate amount of time.
Le projet a été retardé pour une période indéterminée.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃən/

incantation

incantation
Meaning
a series of words used as a magic spell or charm
Example
The wizard chanted an incantation to summon the spirits.
Le magicien a récité une incantation pour invoquer les esprits.
B2 adverb /ˈɑːɡjuːəbli/

arguably

sans doute
Meaning
used to say that a statement is open to argument or is considered true by many people
Example
She is arguably the most talented player on the team.
Elle est sans doute la joueuse la plus talentueuse de l’équipe.
C2 noun /fɔːrˈbɛrəns/

forbearance

tolérance
Meaning
Patient self-control; restraint and tolerance, especially in difficult situations.
Example
She showed remarkable forbearance during the heated argument.
Elle a montré une tolérance remarquable pendant la dispute animée.
C1 noun /kəˈmændər ɪn tʃiːf/

Commander-in-chief

commandant en chef
Meaning
the supreme leader of a nation's armed forces
Example
The president serves as the commander-in-chief of the military.
Le président agit en tant que commandant en chef des forces armées.
C1 verb /raʊz/

rouse

réveiller
Meaning
To awaken from sleep or to stir into action.
Example
The loud alarm roused him from his deep sleep.
Le bruit de l'alarme l'a réveillé de son sommeil profond.
C2 noun /ˌspoʊliˈeɪʃən/

spoliation

destruction
Meaning
The act of destroying or ruining something, often evidence or property.
Example
The court punished the company for the spoliation of evidence.
Le tribunal a puni l'entreprise pour la spoliation des preuves.
A2 verb /kəmˈpliːt/

complete

compléter
Meaning
to finish making or doing something; to bring something to an end
Example
She managed to complete the project on time.
Elle a réussi à compléter le projet à temps.
B1 noun dɪˈfens

defense

défense
Meaning
The action of defending from or resisting attack; protection from harm or danger.
Example
Defense was one of the central subjects.
La défense était l'un des sujets centraux.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrvaɪl/ or /ˈsɜːrvəl/

servile

servile
Meaning
having or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others
Example
His servile attitude annoyed his colleagues.
Son attitude servile agaçait ses collègues.
B1 noun /ˈstʌmək eɪk/

stomach ache

mal de ventre
Meaning
Pain in the stomach or abdominal area
Example
I have a stomach ache after eating too much.
J'ai mal au ventre après avoir trop mangé.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/

Misconduct

conduite inappropriée
Meaning
Unacceptable or improper behavior, especially by a professional person
Example
The officer was dismissed for professional misconduct.
L'officier a été renvoyé pour conduite inappropriée professionnelle.
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

contrat
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
Le propriétaire et le locataire ont signé un contrat pour maintenir la propriété.
B1 adjective /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/

Confident

confiant; sûr de soi; assuré
Meaning
self-assured; certain; having belief in one's abilities
Example
She felt confident about her performance in the exam.
Elle se sentait confiante à propos de sa performance à l'examen.
B1 noun /wɜːrm/

Worm

ver
Meaning
a long, soft-bodied invertebrate animal that lives in soil
Example
The bird caught a worm from the garden soil.
L'oiseau a attrapé un ver du sol du jardin.
C1 adjective /ˈkwiːzi/

queasy

nauséeux
Meaning
Feeling sick to one's stomach; nauseated.
Example
She felt queasy after the long boat ride.
Elle se sentait mal après la longue promenade en bateau.
C2 noun /ɪɡˈzɛmplɑːr/

exemplar

exemple
Meaning
A model or pattern to be copied or imitated.
Example
She is an exemplar of kindness and generosity.
Elle est un exemple de gentillesse et de générosité.
C1 verb /dɪsˈkʌlər/

discolor

décolorer
Meaning
to change color, especially in a way that spoils the original appearance
Example
The fabric began to discolor after being left in the sun.
Le tissu a commencé à se décolorer après avoir été laissé au soleil.
A1 adjective /red/

Red

rouge
Meaning
having the color of blood or fire; of the color red
Example
She wore a beautiful red dress to the party.
Elle portait une belle robe rouge à la fête.
C2 noun /ɪksˈtʃɛkər/

exchequer

trésorerie
Meaning
The treasury of a state or country.
Example
The government announced new measures to improve the exchequer.
Le gouvernement a annoncé de nouvelles mesures pour améliorer la trésorerie.
C1 adjective /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

Contagious

contagieux; infectieux
Meaning
likely to spread to and affect others; infectious
Example
Her laughter is contagious and makes everyone smile.
Son rire est contagieux et fait sourire tout le monde.
C2 adjective /ˈsuːpaɪn/

supine

couché sur le dos
Meaning
Lying on the back, face upward; failing to act due to laziness or weakness.
Example
He lay supine on the grass, staring at the stars.
Il était allongé sur l'herbe, regardant les étoiles.
B1 noun /striːm/

stream

courant
Meaning
A small, narrow river; a continuous flow of something.
Example
The stream of life is unstoppable.
Le courant de la vie est inarrêtable.
C2 noun /ˈpælɪˌnoʊd/

palinode

palinodie
Meaning
a poem or statement in which the writer retracts something said in an earlier work
Example
The poet wrote a palinode to apologize for his earlier harsh words.
Le poète a écrit une palinodie pour s'excuser de ses paroles sévères précédentes.
B2 noun ˌprez.əˈveɪ.ʃən

preservation

préservation
Meaning
The action of maintaining something in its original or existing state; protection from harm or damage.
Example
Proper preservation extends the lifespan of machinery.
Une bonne préservation prolonge la durée de vie des machines.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/

invasive

invasif
Meaning
Tending to spread harmfully, intruding aggressively, or encroaching beyond proper boundaries.
Example
The doctor explained that the procedure was minimally invasive.
Le médecin a expliqué que la procédure était peu invasive.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛvərənt/

reverent

révérencieux
Meaning
Showing deep and solemn respect.
Example
They listened to the speech in a reverent silence.
Ils ont écouté le discours dans un silence révérencieux.
C2 noun /ˈnɛtl̩/

nettle

plante avec des poils qui provoquent des irritations lorsqu'ils sont touchés
Meaning
a plant with stinging hairs that cause irritation when touched
Example
He accidentally brushed against the nettle and felt a sharp sting.
Il a accidentellement frôlé l'ortie et a ressenti une douleur aiguë.
C1 adjective /ˌaʊt əv ðə ˈweɪ/

out-of-the-way

éloigné ou inhabituel
Meaning
remote or unusual; not in a convenient or usual location
Example
They stayed in an out-of-the-way village.
Ils sont restés dans un village éloigné.
B1 noun /hjuːˈmænɪti/

humanity

humanité
Meaning
the quality of being human; kindness or compassion towards others; all human beings collectively
Example
Kindness is one of the greatest expressions of humanity.
La bonté est l'une des plus grandes expressions de l'humanité.
C2 noun ˌkɒmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən

computational communication

communication computationnelle
Meaning
Digital exchange and automated interaction; the use of computational methods and systems to facilitate communication and information sharing.
Example
Computational communication is reshaping how we share information.
La communication computationnelle redéfinit la manière dont nous partageons les informations.
A1 number /ˌfɪfˈtiːn/

fifteen

quinze
Meaning
the number 15
Example
There are fifteen students in the class.
Il y a quinze étudiants dans la classe.
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

développement infrastructurel
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
Le développement infrastructurel est nécessaire pour un recyclage efficace.
B1 noun /ˌrɛdʒɪˈstreɪʃən/

registration

inscription
Meaning
the action or process of enrolling or signing up for something
Example
The registration for the event will close tomorrow.
L'inscription pour l'événement se terminera demain.
B2 noun ˈrɛstɪŋ pleɪs

resting place

lieu de repos
Meaning
A place where someone or something rests, especially a burial site.
Example
The resting place of the martyrs is near the river.
Le lieu de repos des martyrs est près de la rivière.
C1 adjective /ˈlɔː.də.bəl/

laudable

louable
Meaning
Deserving praise and admiration.
Example
Her efforts to help the poor are truly laudable.
Ses efforts pour aider les pauvres sont véritablement louables.
B2 noun /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/

accomplishment

réalisation
Meaning
something that has been achieved successfully
Example
Graduating from university was a major accomplishment for him.
Obtenir son diplôme universitaire a été une grande réalisation pour lui.
B1 verb /ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt/

demonstrate

démontrer
Meaning
to clearly show or prove something through evidence, explanation, or action
Example
The teacher demonstrated the experiment to the class.
Le professeur a démontré l'expérience à la classe.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒr.ə.ɡeɪ.tɪd/

corrugated

ondulé ou plié
Meaning
shaped into ridges and grooves; wrinkled or folded
Example
The roof was made of corrugated metal sheets.
Le toit était fait de feuilles de métal ondulé.
B2 noun /ˈep.ɪk/

Epic

épopée
Meaning
a long poem telling of heroic deeds; something heroic or grand in scale
Example
The Iliad is one of the most famous epics in world literature.
L'Iliade est l'un des plus célèbres épopées de la littérature mondiale.
C1 verb /əˈkleɪm/

acclaim

acclamer
Meaning
to praise enthusiastically and publicly
Example
The audience acclaimed the actor for his outstanding performance.
Le public a acclamé l'acteur pour sa performance exceptionnelle.
C2 verb /ˌnɒnˈplʌst/

nonplused

perplexe
Meaning
Past tense of nonplus; surprised and confused.
Example
She was completely nonplused by his sudden decision.
Elle était complètement perplexe par sa décision soudaine.
B1 adjective /ˈɔːkwəd/

awkward

malaisé
Meaning
causing or feeling embarrassment; difficult to deal with
Example
There was an awkward silence after his joke.
Il y avait un silence malaisé après sa blague.
B2 noun /rɪm/

rim

bord
Meaning
the outer edge or border of a circular object
Example
The coffee cup had a chip on its rim.
La tasse de café avait une éclat sur son bord.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪn.dʒəl/

Brinjal

aubergine
Meaning
a large purple vegetable that is white inside; also called eggplant
Example
My mother cooked brinjal curry for lunch.
Ma mère a cuisiné un curry d'aubergine pour le déjeuner.
C1 verb, noun /læɡ/

lag

ralentir ou être en retard
Meaning
To fall behind in movement, progress, or development; a delay or period of falling behind.
Example
The old computer tends to lag when running new software.
L'ordinateur ancien a tendance à ralentir lorsqu'il exécute de nouveaux logiciels.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪɡˈzɪst/

preexist

exister au préalable
Meaning
to exist beforehand or before something else
Example
These customs preexist the arrival of modern technology.
Ces coutumes existaient avant l'arrivée de la technologie moderne.
B1 noun /trænzˈleɪtər/

translator

traducteur
Meaning
a person or tool that converts words or text from one language into another
Example
The translator helped the tourists understand the guide.
Le traducteur a aidé les touristes à comprendre le guide.
C1 verb /aʊtˈlæst/

outlast

durer plus longtemps que
Meaning
to continue longer than; to endure beyond someone or something else
Example
The old castle has outlasted many generations.
Le vieux château a duré plus longtemps que de nombreuses générations.
C2 verb /ɛnˈfrænˌtʃaɪz/

enfranchise

bonheur
Meaning
To grant the right to vote or other rights of citizenship.
Example
The new law enfranchised thousands of people.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈwɔːrˌlaɪk/

warlike

martial
Meaning
Having an aggressive or militant nature; inclined to fight or engage in war.
Example
The tribe was known for its warlike traditions.
La tribu était connue pour ses traditions martiales.
C2 noun /ˈspɛndˌθrɪft/

spendthrift

dépensier
Meaning
A person who spends money extravagantly or wastefully.
Example
The young prince was known as a spendthrift, wasting his fortune on lavish parties.
Le jeune prince était connu comme un dépensier, gaspillant sa fortune dans des fêtes somptueuses.
B2 adjective /teɪm/

Tame

domestiqué; doux; docile
Meaning
domesticated and not wild; gentle and easy to control
Example
The tame lion performed tricks in the circus.
Le lion domestiqué a fait des tours dans le cirque.
B2 noun /iˈkɒlədʒɪst/

ecologist

écologiste
Meaning
A scientist who studies the relationships between living organisms and their environment.
Example
The ecologist studied the effects of pollution on the forest ecosystem.
L'écologiste a étudié les effets de la pollution sur l'écosystème forestier.
C1 adjective ˈpɪv.ə.təl

pivotal

crucial
Meaning
Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else.
Example
Renewable energy plays a pivotal role in sustainability.
L'énergie renouvelable joue un rôle crucial dans la durabilité.
B1 adverb /ˈðɛərˌfɔr/

Therefore

donc
Meaning
for that reason; consequently
Example
It was raining, therefore we stayed inside.
Il pleuvait, donc nous sommes restés à l'intérieur.
A2 verb /reɪz/

raise

élever / augmenter
Meaning
To lift or move something to a higher position; to increase; to bring up.
Example
She raised her hand to ask a question.
Elle leva la main pour poser une question.
C2 adjective /kwɪkˈsɑː.t̬ɪk/

quixotic

extrêmement idéaliste, irréaliste et impraticable
Meaning
Extremely idealistic, unrealistic, and impractical.
Example
His quixotic dreams often led to disappointment.
Ses rêves quixotiques menaient souvent à la déception.
B1 verb /rɪˈleɪt/

relate

relater
Meaning
to connect or show a link between; to tell a story
Example
She relates her experience to the audience.
Elle relate son expérience au public.
B2 noun /dɪˈpləʊ.mə/

diploma

diplôme
Meaning
an official document showing that a person has completed a course of study or training
Example
She received her diploma after finishing the nursing program.
Elle a reçu son diplôme après avoir terminé le programme de soins infirmiers.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪktəˈtɔːriəl/

dictatorial

dictatorial
Meaning
Having or showing a tendency to tell people what to do in an autocratic way.
Example
His dictatorial style made him unpopular among colleagues.
Son style dictatorial le rendait impopulaire parmi ses collègues.
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

gronder
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
Le professeur gronda l'élève pour son retard.
C2 noun /əˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/

annunciation

annonce, bonne nouvelle
Meaning
The announcement of something; in Christianity, the announcement by the angel Gabriel to Mary that she would conceive Jesus.
Example
The church celebrated the Feast of the Annunciation with a special service.
L'église a célébré la fête de l'Annonciation avec un service spécial.
B1 verb /ɪkˈstend/

extend

étendre
Meaning
to make longer or larger; to stretch out; to offer or give
Example
The company decided to extend the deadline for the project.
L'entreprise a décidé d'étendre la date limite pour le projet.
B2 noun /ˈɪmɪɡrənt/

immigrant

immigrant
Meaning
a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
The city has welcomed many new immigrants this year.
La ville a accueilli de nombreux nouveaux immigrants cette année.
C2 noun /ˈɡæd.flaɪ/

gadfly

mouche du coche
Meaning
A person who annoys or criticizes others to stimulate change or provoke action.
Example
The journalist was a gadfly, constantly questioning the government's policies.
Le journaliste était une mouche du coche, remettant constamment en question les politiques du gouvernement.
B2 noun/verb /ræft/

raft

radeau
Meaning
A flat structure made of logs or planks tied together, used as a boat or floating platform; to travel or transport on such a structure.
Example
They built a raft to cross the river.
Ils ont construit un radeau pour traverser la rivière.
C1 noun /ˌlɛ.seɪ ˈfɛər/

laissez-faire

politique de non-intervention
Meaning
An economic policy where government does not intervene in business affairs.
Example
Laissez-faire policies encourage private enterprise.
Les politiques de laissez-faire encouragent l'entreprise privée.
B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪk/

ironic

ironique, sarcastique
Meaning
happening in the opposite way to what is expected, often amusing or sarcastic
Example
It is ironic that the fire station burned down.
Il est ironique que la caserne de pompiers ait brûlé.
C1 noun /ˈɛpɪˌlɔːɡ/

epilogue

épilogue
Meaning
A section at the end of a book, play, or speech that serves as a conclusion.
Example
The author included an epilogue to explain what happened to the characters later.
L'auteur a inclus un épilogue pour expliquer ce qui est arrivé aux personnages par la suite.
C1 noun /ˌmɔːrəˈtɔːriəm/

moratorium

moratoire
Meaning
A temporary suspension or delay of an activity, law, or obligation.
Example
The government announced a moratorium on new mining licenses.
Le gouvernement a annoncé un moratoire sur les nouvelles licences minières.
C1 noun /ˈsuːdənɪm/

pseudonym

pseudonyme
Meaning
a fictitious name used by an author instead of their real name
Example
Mark Twain was the pseudonym of Samuel Clemens.
Mark Twain était le pseudonyme de Samuel Clemens.