invade
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B2 verb /ɪnˈveɪd/

invade

envahir
Meaning
to enter a place or country forcefully, especially as an enemy
Example
The army invaded the neighboring country.
L'armée a envahi le pays voisin.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsətɪv/

insensitive

insensible
Meaning
Showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.
Example
His insensitive comment hurt her deeply.
Son commentaire insensible l'a profondément blessée.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

insecticide
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
Le fermier a pulvérisé de l'insecticide sur ses cultures pour les protéger des insectes nuisibles.
C2 adjective /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

itinerant

itinérant
Meaning
Traveling from place to place, especially for work or duty.
Example
The itinerant teacher moved from village to village to educate children.
L'enseignant itinérant se déplaçait de village en village pour enseigner aux enfants.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/

interchangeable

interchangeable
Meaning
able to be exchanged with each other without difference or loss of function
Example
These machine parts are interchangeable, so they can be replaced easily.
Ces pièces de machine sont interchangeables, elles peuvent donc être remplacées facilement.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɑːrt/

impart

transmettre
Meaning
to make information known; to bestow or communicate
Example
The teacher imparted valuable knowledge to her students.
L'enseignant a imparté des connaissances précieuses à ses élèves.
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

isotope
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
Le carbone-14 est un isotope radioactif utilisé pour dater les fossiles.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluː.sɪv/

Illusive

illusoire; semblant d'exister mais irréel; trompeur
Meaning
deceptive; appearing to exist but not real; misleading
Example
The promise of easy money proved to be illusive and misleading.
La promesse d'argent facile s'est avérée illusoire et trompeuse.
A1 noun /ˈaɪs kriːm/

Ice-cream

glace
Meaning
a frozen sweet dessert made from dairy products, usually served cold
Example
Children love to eat ice-cream on hot summer days.
Les enfants adorent manger de la glace lors des chaudes journées d'été.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.ʌnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

inundation

inondation
Meaning
The act of flooding or overwhelming with water or things.
Example
The town suffered from a severe inundation after the heavy rains.
La ville a souffert d'une grave inondation après les fortes pluies.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

impossibilité
Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
Finir le projet en un jour était une impossibilité.
B2 verb /ɪnˈhæbɪt/

inhabit

habiter
Meaning
to live in; to occupy as a dwelling
Example
Many animals inhabit the forest.
Beaucoup d'animaux habitent la forêt.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪsəʊˈθɜːrməl/

isothermal

isotherme
Meaning
Having or maintaining equal or constant temperature.
Example
The experiment was conducted under isothermal conditions.
L'expérience a été réalisée dans des conditions isothermes.
C2 adverb /ˈaɪsɪli/

icily

glacialement
Meaning
In a very cold, unfriendly, or hostile manner.
Example
She replied icily to his question.
Elle a répondu glaciellement à sa question.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪbəl/

impassible

impassible
Meaning
Incapable of suffering or feeling pain (used mainly in theological or philosophical contexts).
Example
Some philosophers argue that God is impassible and cannot experience human emotions.
Certains philosophes affirment que Dieu est impassible et ne peut pas éprouver les émotions humaines.
C1 adjective /ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs/

imprecise

imprécis
Meaning
Not exact or accurate; vague.
Example
His explanation was too imprecise to be helpful.
Son explication était trop imprécise pour être utile.
C1 adjective /ˌɪməˈtɪəriəl/

immaterial

immatériel
Meaning
Not important or relevant; lacking physical substance.
Example
The judge ruled that the argument was immaterial to the case.
Le juge a statué que l'argument était immatériel pour l'affaire.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

ingrained

enraciné
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; deeply rooted and difficult to change.
Example
His ingrained habits were hard to break.
Ses habitudes enracinées étaient difficiles à briser.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvaɪtər/

invitor

invitant
Meaning
a person who invites someone to an event, meeting, or place
Example
The invitor greeted all the guests warmly at the entrance.
L’invitant a accueilli les invités à l’entrée.
C1 noun ɪmˈpɛə(r)mənt

impairment

dommages, handicap
Meaning
The state of being damaged or weakened; a disability or handicap.
Example
Hearing impairment can be caused by long-term exposure to loud noise.
La perte auditive peut être causée par une exposition prolongée à des bruits forts.
C2 noun /ˌɪmpəˈtjuːəsəti/

impetuosity

impétuosité
Meaning
The quality of being rash or impulsive.
Example
His impetuosity often got him into trouble.
Son impétuosité le mettait souvent dans des ennuis.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

initial
Meaning
Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.
Example
The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.
La phase inceptive du projet a été marquée par une planification enthousiaste.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈseɪʃiət/

insatiate

insatiable
Meaning
impossible to satisfy; always wanting more
Example
He had an insatiate desire for power.
Il avait un désir insatiable de pouvoir.
A1 noun /aɪs/

Ice

glace
Meaning
water that has frozen and become solid
Example
The ice in my drink melted quickly in the hot weather.
La glace dans ma boisson a fondu rapidement par temps chaud.
C1 noun /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.ti/

inequity

inégalité
Meaning
Lack of fairness or justice; unequal distribution or treatment.
Example
Social inequity continues to be a global issue.
L'inégalité sociale reste un problème mondial.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɛfjʊtəbəl/

Irrefutable

irréfutable
Meaning
impossible to deny or disprove; undeniable
Example
The evidence against him was irrefutable.
Les preuves contre lui étaient irréfutables.
B2 noun ˌɪmplɪmenˈteɪʃən

implementation

mise en œuvre
Meaning
The process of putting a decision or plan into effect; execution.
Example
Proper implementation of policies is crucial.
La mise en œuvre correcte des politiques est cruciale.
C1 adjective /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/

igneous

igné
Meaning
Formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Example
Granite is an igneous rock commonly used in construction.
Le granit est une roche ignée couramment utilisée dans la construction.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskrɪmɪnət/

indiscriminate

indiscriminé
Meaning
Done without careful judgment; random or haphazard.
Example
The indiscriminate use of pesticides harms the environment.
L'utilisation indiscriminée de pesticides nuit à l'environnement.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/

inclusive

inclusif
Meaning
Including all the services, facilities, or items normally expected or required; not excluding any section of society or any party involved.
Example
Inclusive growth benefits all sections of society.
La croissance inclusive bénéficie à toutes les sections de la société.
B2 noun ˈɪndɪkeɪtə

indicator

indicateur
Meaning
A thing that indicates the state or level of something.
Example
The unemployment rate is a key indicator of economic health.
Le taux de chômage est un indicateur clé de la santé économique.
A2 preposition /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/

including

y compris
Meaning
used to show that someone or something is part of a larger group
Example
Many people attended the event, including students and teachers.
Beaucoup de personnes ont assisté à l'événement, y compris des étudiants et des enseignants.
C2 noun /ˌɪkθiˈɒlədʒi/

ichthyology

ichtyologie
Meaning
The branch of zoology that deals with fish.
Example
He pursued a degree in ichthyology at the university.
Il a poursuivi un diplôme en ichtyologie à l'université.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.ərn.wʊd/

Ironwood

bois de fer
Meaning
a hard, dense wood from various trees; also the tree itself that produces small flowers
Example
The ironwood tree blooms with tiny white flowers.
L'arbre de bois de fer fleurit avec de petites fleurs blanches.
C1 noun /ɪˌreɡjəˈlærɪti/

irregularity

irrégularité
Meaning
lack of regularity or consistency; a deviation from what is normal, expected, or orderly
Example
The audit revealed several financial irregularities in the company’s records.
L’audit a révélé plusieurs irrégularités financières dans les registres de l’entreprise.
B1 verb /ɪmˈprɛs/

impress

impressionner
Meaning
to cause someone to feel admiration or respect
Example
Her speech managed to impress the audience.
Son discours a réussi à impressionner le public.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnsəˈpɔːrtəbl̩/

insupportable

insupportable
Meaning
Too extreme or difficult to be endured.
Example
The heat was insupportable during the long journey.
La chaleur était insupportable pendant le long voyage.
B2 adverb /aɪˈrɒnɪkli/

ironically

ironiquement
Meaning
in a way that is contrary to what is expected or intended
Example
Ironically, the fire station burned down.
Ironicament, la caserne de pompiers a brûlé.
B1 adjective /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/

illegal

illégal
Meaning
Not allowed by law; unlawful.
Example
It is illegal to drive without a valid license.
Il est illégal de conduire sans une licence valide.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpəˈmɪsəbl/

impermissible

interdit
Meaning
Not permitted or allowed.
Example
Such behavior is impermissible in the workplace.
Un tel comportement est interdit sur le lieu de travail.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə/

insecure

insécuritaire
Meaning
not confident or assured; uncertain and anxious
Example
She felt insecure about her performance in the exam.
Elle se sentait insécure par rapport à sa performance dans l'examen.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈstɛnsəbl/

inextensible

inextensible
Meaning
Not capable of being stretched or extended.
Example
This rope is made of an inextensible material.
Cette corde est faite d’un matériau inextensible.
B2 noun /ˌɪmpərˈfɛkʃən/

imperfection

imperfection
Meaning
a flaw, defect, or weakness; the state of being imperfect
Example
She accepted her imperfection as part of being human.
Elle a accepté son imperfection comme faisant partie de l’humanité.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

impertinent

impertinent
Meaning
rude and showing a lack of respect
Example
It was impertinent of him to question the manager's decision.
C'était impertinent de sa part de remettre en question la décision du manager.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnər/

inner

intérieur
Meaning
Located inside or closer to the center; relating to one’s thoughts or feelings.
Example
She shared her inner thoughts with her best friend.
Elle a partagé ses pensées intérieures avec sa meilleure amie.
B2 noun /ɪnˈdʌstriəl ˌrɛvəˈluːʃən/

Industrial Revolution

Révolution industrielle
Meaning
The rapid development of industry that occurred in Britain in the late 18th and 19th centuries, brought about by the introduction of machinery and characterized by the use of steam power and the growth of factories.
Example
The Industrial Revolution marked a shift in production processes.
La Révolution industrielle a marqué un changement dans les processus de production.
B2 noun /ɪnˈdʒɛkʃən/

injection

injection
Meaning
the act of introducing a substance into the body through a needle
Example
The nurse gave me an injection to prevent the infection.
L'infirmière m'a fait une injection pour prévenir l'infection.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/

intension

contenu interne
Meaning
The internal content of a concept; the set of attributes implied by a word or phrase.
Example
The intension of the word 'dog' includes being a mammal and domesticated.
L'intension du mot 'chien' inclut être un mammifère et être domestiqué.
C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈmɑːtər/

imprimatur

imprimatur
Meaning
An official license or approval, especially to publish a book.
Example
The book was released with the official imprimatur of the church.
Le livre a été publié avec l'imprimatur officiel de l'église.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnəˈproʊpriət/

inappropriate

inapproprié
Meaning
not suitable or proper in the circumstances
Example
It was inappropriate to talk loudly in the library.
Il était inapproprié de parler fort dans la bibliothèque.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈdɛsənt/

iridescent

iridescent
Meaning
showing luminous colors that seem to change when seen from different angles
Example
She wore an iridescent dress that sparkled in the light.
Elle portait une robe iridescente qui scintillait à la lumière.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛl/

impel

inciter
Meaning
to drive, force, or urge someone to do something
Example
Her curiosity impelled her to open the mysterious box.
Sa curiosité l'a poussée à ouvrir la boîte mystérieuse.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɜːrtɪbəl/

indivertible

indivertible
Meaning
Not able to be turned aside or diverted.
Example
The judge's indivertible attention was on the case.
L'attention indivertible du juge était sur l'affaire.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfrækʃən/

infraction

infraction
Meaning
A violation or breach of a rule, law, or agreement.
Example
The student was punished for a minor infraction of the school rules.
L'étudiant a été puni pour une infraction mineure aux règles de l'école.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkəmˈbʌstəbl/

incombustible

incombustible
Meaning
Not capable of catching fire or burning.
Example
This material is incombustible and safe for construction.
Ce matériau est incombustible et sûr pour la construction.
B2 noun /ˈɪnfənt/

infant

bambin
Meaning
A very young child or baby.
Example
The infant was sleeping peacefully in the cradle.
Le bébé dormait paisiblement dans le berceau.
B2 verb /ɪnˈʃʊər/

insure

assurer
Meaning
to provide insurance; to make certain
Example
I need to insure my new car.
J'ai besoin d'assurer ma nouvelle voiture.
B1 verb /ɪnˈvɛnt/

invent

inventer
Meaning
to create or design something that has not existed before
Example
Thomas Edison invented the electric bulb.
Thomas Edison a inventé l'ampoule électrique.
B2 verb /ɪmˈprɪzən/

imprison

emprisonner
Meaning
to put someone in prison; to confine or restrict someone's freedom
Example
The judge imprisoned the criminal for five years.
Le juge a emprisonné le criminel pour cinq ans.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlvd/

involved

impliqué
Meaning
complicated or engaged in something
Example
She was deeply involved in community service.
Elle était profondément impliquée dans le service communautaire.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

indéfendable
Meaning
not able to be protected or justified
Example
The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.
Les remarques du ministre ont été jugées indéfendables par le public.
B2 noun /ˈaɪrəni/

irony

ironie
Meaning
a situation that is strange or amusing because it is the opposite of what is expected; the use of words to convey the opposite meaning
Example
The irony of the situation was that the winner forgot his own prize.
L'ironie de la situation était que le gagnant avait oublié son propre prix.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt/

infuriate

mettre en colère
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His careless remarks infuriated the entire team.
Ses remarques imprudentes ont mis en colère toute l'équipe.
B2 noun /ˌɪm.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Imitation

imitation; copie; réplique
Meaning
the action of using someone or something as a model; a copy of something original
Example
His imitation of the famous actor was so good that everyone burst into laughter.
son imitation de l'acteur célèbre était tellement bonne que tout le monde a éclaté de rire.
C1 noun /ɪnˈhɛrɪtər/

inheritor

héritier
Meaning
a person who receives money, property, or a title when someone dies
Example
She became the inheritor of her family's estate.
Elle est devenue l'héritière de la propriété de sa famille.
C2 verb /ˈɪmprɪkeɪt/

imprecate

imprécation
Meaning
To utter a curse or invoke evil upon someone.
Example
The old woman imprecated her enemies with dark words.
La vieille femme a impréqué ses ennemis avec des mots sombres.
B2 noun ɪnˈfleɪʃən

inflation

inflation
Meaning
A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
Example
Inflation erodes the purchasing power of consumers.
L'inflation érode le pouvoir d'achat des consommateurs.
C2 noun /ˈɪrɪtənsi/

irritancy

irritation
Meaning
the quality or state of causing irritation; legal or formal invalidation
Example
The constant noise became an irritancy to the neighbors.
Le bruit constant est devenu une irritation pour les voisins.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæsɪv/

impassive

impassible
Meaning
Not showing or feeling emotion; expressionless.
Example
Despite the shocking news, she remained impassive.
Malgré les nouvelles choquantes, elle est restée impassible.
A2 noun /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

invitation

bonheur
Meaning
a written or spoken request to attend an event or to participate in something
Example
She sent me an invitation to her wedding.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B1 noun ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃən

inspiration

inspiration
Meaning
The process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.
Example
His journey to success became an inspiration for many.
Son voyage vers le succès est devenu une inspiration pour beaucoup.
C2 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈlɪdʒəs/

irreligious

irréligieux
Meaning
Indifferent or hostile to religion
Example
Some people in the community consider him irreligious because he never attends religious services.
Certaines personnes dans la communauté le considèrent comme irréligieux car il ne va jamais aux services religieux.
C2 adjective /ɪnhɑːrˈmoʊniəs/

Inharmonious

inharmonieux
Meaning
lacking harmony; discordant in sound; not in tune
Example
The inharmonious sounds from the broken piano made everyone cover their ears.
Les sons inharmonieux du piano cassé ont obligé tout le monde à se couvrir les oreilles.
C2 adjective /ˌɪməˈmɔːriəl/

immemorial

immémorial
Meaning
Extending back beyond memory or record; ancient.
Example
The tradition has been followed since time immemorial.
La tradition est suivie depuis des temps immémoriaux.
C2 adjective /ˌaɪ.kə.nəˈklæs.tɪk/

iconoclastic

Caractérisé par l'attaque ou le rejet des croyances, des traditions ou des valeurs établies.
Meaning
Characterized by attacking or rejecting cherished beliefs, traditions, or established values.
Example
Her iconoclastic views challenged the conventional wisdom of the industry.
Ses vues iconoclastes ont défié la sagesse conventionnelle de l'industrie.
B2 adjective /ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.tər.i/

introductory

introductif
Meaning
Serving as an introduction; preliminary or preparatory.
Example
The professor gave an introductory lecture on economics.
Le professeur a donné une conférence introductive sur l'économie.
C1 verb /ˈɪtəreɪt/

iterate

itérer
Meaning
To repeat a process or statement, often to improve or refine.
Example
The software team will iterate the design until it meets user needs.
L'équipe de développement itérera la conception jusqu'à ce qu'elle réponde aux besoins des utilisateurs.
C1 verb /ɪnˈvɜːrt/

invert

inverser
Meaning
To turn something upside down or in the opposite position, order, or direction.
Example
He inverted the glass to let the water drain out.
Il a inversé le verre pour laisser l'eau s'écouler.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛmpərət/

intemperate

intempérant
Meaning
Lacking self-control; immoderate, especially in indulgence.
Example
The politician's intemperate remarks caused controversy.
Les remarques intempérantes du politicien ont causé la controverse.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl/

indubitable

indubitable
Meaning
Impossible to doubt; unquestionable.
Example
It is indubitable that hard work leads to success.
Il est indubitable que le travail acharné mène au succès.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

intolérable
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
Le bruit du chantier était intolérable.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/

inequitable

inéquitable
Meaning
Not fair or just; lacking in fairness or equality.
Example
The distribution of resources was inequitable among the workers.
La distribution des ressources était inéquitable parmi les travailleurs.
C1 adjective /ˈɪndɪɡoʊ bluː/

Indigo-blue

bleu indigo
Meaning
a deep blue color with a purplish tinge
Example
The indigo-blue sky looked magnificent at twilight.
Le ciel bleu indigo semblait magnifique au crépuscule.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɛpt/

inept

inepte
Meaning
lacking skill or ability; clumsy or incompetent
Example
His inept handling of the situation made it worse.
Sa gestion inepte de la situation a empiré les choses.
B1 verb ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ

increasing

croissant
Meaning
Becoming or making greater in size, amount, intensity, or degree; growing.
Example
Increasing awareness about education is necessary.
Augmenter la sensibilisation à l'éducation est nécessaire.
C1 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈspek.ʃən/

introspection

introspection
Meaning
The examination or observation of one's own mental and emotional processes; self-reflection.
Example
Through introspection, she gained insight into her emotions.
Grâce à l'introspection, elle a acquis une profonde compréhension de ses émotions.
A1 preposition /ɪn/

in

dans
Meaning
expressing the situation of being enclosed or surrounded by something
Example
She is in the kitchen preparing dinner.
Elle est dans la cuisine en train de préparer le dîner.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

inaugural
Meaning
marking the beginning of something; first; opening
Example
The president delivered his inaugural speech.
Le président a prononcé son discours inaugural.
A2 adjective, noun /ɪˈtæliən/

italian

bonheur
Meaning
relating to Italy, its people, or its language; a person from Italy
Example
She loves Italian food.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdɪɡnənt/

indignant

indigné
Meaning
Feeling or showing anger at something considered unfair or unjust.
Example
She was indignant when accused of cheating.
Elle était indignée lorsqu'elle a été accusée de tricher.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈtɜːrmənət/

indeterminate

indéterminé
Meaning
Not exactly known, defined, or established; vague or uncertain.
Example
The project was delayed for an indeterminate amount of time.
Le projet a été retardé pour une période indéterminée.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmp(ə)rəbl/

incomparable

incomparable
Meaning
Without an equal in quality or excellence; matchless.
Example
The view from the mountain was incomparable.
La vue depuis la montagne était incomparable.
C1 noun ˌɪnfrəˈstrʌktʃərəl dɪˈveləpmənt

infrastructural development

développement infrastructurel
Meaning
The process of building and improving the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise.
Example
Infrastructural development is necessary for efficient recycling.
Le développement infrastructurel est nécessaire pour un recyclage efficace.
C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

irritable
Meaning
Easily angered; quick-tempered.
Example
His irascible nature often got him into trouble.
Sa nature irritable le mettait souvent dans des situations difficiles.
B2 verb /ɪnˈtriːɡ/

intrigue

intriguer
Meaning
to arouse curiosity or interest; to make someone fascinated
Example
The mystery novel will intrigue any reader.
Le roman mystère intriguerait n'importe quel lecteur.
A2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈdʌk.ʃən/

introduction

introduction
Meaning
the action of introducing something or someone; an opening or beginning part
Example
The professor gave a brief introduction before starting the lecture.
Le professeur a donné une brève introduction avant de commencer le cours.
C2 adjective /ˈɪndələnt/

indolent

paresseux
Meaning
Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.
Example
The indolent cat slept in the sun all afternoon.
Le chat paresseux a dormi au soleil toute l'après-midi.
C1 noun /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛləti/

infidelity

infidélité
Meaning
the act of being unfaithful to a spouse or partner
Example
Their marriage ended due to his infidelity.
Leur mariage a pris fin à cause de son infidélité.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkrʌˈsteɪʃən/

incrustation

croûte
Meaning
a crust or hard coating formed on the surface of something
Example
The old pipes were blocked due to heavy incrustation of minerals.
Les vieilles tuyauteries étaient bloquées en raison d'une incrustation importante de minéraux.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsæn.ə.ti/

Insanity

folie; démence
Meaning
the state of being seriously mentally ill; extreme foolishness or irrationality
Example
The defense lawyer argued that his client was not guilty by reason of insanity.
L'avocat de la défense a soutenu que son client n'était pas coupable pour cause de folie.
B2 adverb /ɪmˈpɒlɪtli/

impolitely

impoliment
Meaning
in a rude or discourteous manner; without showing respect or proper manners
Example
He spoke impolitely to the waiter despite the polite service.
Il a parlé impoliment au serveur malgré le bon service.
C2 verb /ɪˈmjʊər/

immure

enfermer
Meaning
to confine or enclose someone against their will
Example
The prisoner was immured in a dark cell.
Le prisonnier a été enfermé dans une cellule sombre.
B1 verb /ɪnˈstɔːl/

install

installer
Meaning
To place or fix equipment or software so it is ready for use.
Example
He installed the new software on his computer.
Il a installé le nouveau logiciel sur son ordinateur.
C2 adjective /ɪˈnɪm.ɪ.tə.bəl/

inimitable

inimitable
Meaning
So good or unusual as to be impossible to copy; unique.
Example
His inimitable writing style made him a literary legend.
Son style d'écriture inimitable a fait de lui une légende littéraire.
C2 noun /ˈɪntərˌloʊpər/

interloper

intrus
Meaning
A person who becomes involved in a situation or place where they are not wanted.
Example
He felt like an interloper at the private family gathering.
Il se sentait comme un intrus lors de la réunion familiale privée.
C1 verb ɪˈnɪʃɪeɪtɪd

initiated

initié
Meaning
Caused a process or action to begin; started something.
Example
The project was initiated to enhance marine biodiversity.
Le projet a été initié pour améliorer la biodiversité marine.
C1 adjective /ɪˈledʒ.ə.bəl/

illegible

illisible
Meaning
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable.
Example
The doctor’s handwriting was almost illegible.
L'écriture du médecin était presque illisible.
C2 noun /ˌɪn.trəˈɡreʃ.ən/

introgression

introgression génétique
Meaning
The transfer of genetic information from one species to another through repeated backcrossing.
Example
Introgression plays a significant role in plant breeding.
L'introgression joue un rôle important dans la reproduction des plantes.
C1 noun ɪnˌɛv.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

inevitability

inévitabilité
Meaning
The quality of being certain to happen and impossible to avoid or prevent.
Example
The inevitability of change is a part of life.
L'inévitabilité du changement fait partie de la vie.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈækjərət/

Inaccurate

incorrect; erroné; faux
Meaning
not correct; containing errors; wrong
Example
The weather forecast was inaccurate yesterday.
La prévision météorologique était incorrecte hier.
C2 noun /ˌɪntərˈrɛɡnəm/

interregnum

interrègne
Meaning
A period between rulers or governments when normal leadership is suspended.
Example
The country faced instability during the interregnum after the king’s death.
Le pays a connu de l’instabilité pendant l’interrègne après la mort du roi.
B1 adjective ɪnˈdʌs.tri.əl

industrial

industriel
Meaning
Relating to or characterized by industry.
Example
Industrial sectors boost exports.
Les secteurs industriels stimulent les exportations.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈkrɛdəbl/

incredible

incroyable
Meaning
so extraordinary that it is hard to believe; amazing
Example
The view from the mountain was incredible.
La vue depuis la montagne était incroyable.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈpruːvd/

improved

amélioré
Meaning
made better or enhanced in quality or condition
Example
Her health has significantly improved since last month.
Sa santé s'est considérablement améliorée depuis le mois dernier.
C2 noun /ˌɪmbəˈsɪləti/

imbecility

imbécillité
Meaning
Extreme foolishness, stupidity, or weakness of mind.
Example
The plan was abandoned due to its sheer imbecility.
Le plan a été abandonné en raison de son imbecilité pure.
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

intuition
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
Son intuition lui a dit que quelque chose n’allait pas.
A2 pronoun /ɪtˈsɛlf/

itself

lui-même
Meaning
Used to emphasize the thing just mentioned; by its own power or effort.
Example
The cat cleaned itself after eating.
Le chat s'est nettoyé lui-même après avoir mangé.
B1 noun /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

instrument

instrument
Meaning
A tool or device used for a particular purpose, especially for scientific or musical work.
Example
The doctor used a special instrument during the surgery.
Le médecin a utilisé un instrument spécial pendant la chirurgie.
C2 noun /ˈɪndɪkənt/

indicant

indicateur
Meaning
Something that indicates or points to a fact or condition.
Example
High fever is often an indicant of infection.
La fièvre élevée est souvent un indicateur d'infection.
B2 verb /ɪmˈpoʊz/

impose

imposer
Meaning
to force someone to accept something; to establish or apply by authority
Example
The government imposed new taxes on luxury goods.
Le gouvernement a imposé de nouvelles taxes sur les produits de luxe.
A2 noun/adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəl/

individual

individu
Meaning
A single human being as distinct from a group; relating to one person.
Example
Each individual has the right to freedom of speech.
Chaque individu a le droit à la liberté d'expression.