interoperability
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C1 noun /ˌɪntərˌɒpərəˈbɪləti/

interoperability

interopérabilité
Meaning
The ability of computer systems or software to exchange and make use of information.
Example
The interoperability of different software systems ensures seamless workflow.
L'interopérabilité des différents systèmes logiciels garantit un flux de travail fluide.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdjuː/

endue

doter
Meaning
To provide or endow with a quality or ability.
Example
The leader was endued with wisdom and courage.
Le leader a été doté de sagesse et de courage.
A2 adjective /ʃaɪ/

Shy

timide; réservé
Meaning
nervous or timid in the company of other people
Example
The shy student rarely spoke up in class discussions.
L'étudiant timide parlait rarement en classe.
C1 verb /ˈdʒɪtər/

jitter

trembler
Meaning
to shake or tremble slightly, often from fear, nervousness, or excitement
Example
He began to jitter nervously before giving his speech.
Il a commencé à trembler nerveusement avant de donner son discours.
C2 adjective /ˈsɑːdn/

sodden

saturé
Meaning
thoroughly soaked or saturated with liquid
Example
His clothes were sodden after the heavy rain.
Ses vêtements étaient saturés après la forte pluie.
C1 noun /wɪsp/

wisp

un petit tas ou morceau
Meaning
A small thin or twisted bunch, piece, or amount of something.
Example
A wisp of smoke rose from the chimney.
Un wisp de fumée s'éleva de la cheminée.
C2 noun /drɛɡz/

dregs

dregs
Meaning
the remnants of a liquid left in a container, together with any sediment or grounds; the most worthless part of something
Example
He drank the dregs of the coffee before leaving.
Il a bu les dregs du café avant de partir.
A2 /ˈmaɪ.krəˌfoʊn/

microphone

microphone
Meaning
A device that converts sound into an electrical signal, typically used to amplify or record voices or music.
Example
She spoke into the microphone during the presentation.
Elle a parlé dans le microphone pendant la présentation.
A1 noun /haʊs/

house

maison
Meaning
A building for people to live in, usually with rooms and a roof.
Example
They bought a new house in the city.
Ils ont acheté une nouvelle maison en ville.
B2 noun /ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/

outbreak

épidémie
Meaning
a sudden start or occurrence of something unpleasant, like disease or violence
Example
There was an outbreak of flu in the city.
Il y a eu une épidémie de grippe dans la ville.
B1 verb /waɪp/

wipe

essuyer
Meaning
to clean or dry something by rubbing with a cloth or tissue
Example
Please wipe the table clean.
Veuillez essuyer la table.
C1 noun /ˈbærɪstər/

barrister

avocat
Meaning
A type of lawyer in certain legal systems who specializes in courtroom advocacy and litigation.
Example
The barrister argued the case passionately before the judge.
L'avocat a plaidé l'affaire avec passion devant le juge.
C1 noun /naɪˈiːvteɪ/

naivete

naïveté
Meaning
The quality of being naive; lack of experience, wisdom, or judgment.
Example
His naivete made him an easy target for manipulation.
Sa naïveté faisait de lui une proie facile pour la manipulation.
A2 noun /dɪər/

Deer

cerf
Meaning
a graceful wild animal with antlers, especially the male
Example
We saw a beautiful deer grazing in the meadow.
Nous avons vu un beau cerf paissant dans la prairie.
C2 noun /ˈdaɪɡræf/

digraph

digraphe
Meaning
A pair of letters representing a single sound, such as 'sh' in 'ship'.
Example
In the word 'phone', the letters 'ph' form a digraph.
Dans le mot 'téléphone', les lettres 'ph' forment un digraphe.
C2 noun /səbˈdʌk.ʃən/

subduction

Le mouvement latéral et vers le bas d'une couche de la croûte terrestre dans le manteau sous une autre plaque.
Meaning
The lateral and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.
Example
The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of intense subduction.
La ceinture de feu du Pacifique est une zone de subduction intense.
C2 adjective /ˈæməˌtɔːri/

amatory

amoureux
Meaning
Relating to or expressing sexual love.
Example
The poet’s verses were filled with amatory themes.
Les vers du poète étaient remplis de thèmes amoureux.
C2 adjective /ˈvɑːlətɪv/

volitive

volitif
Meaning
Relating to the will or the exercise of the will.
Example
The treaty was signed under volitive agreement between both nations.
Le traité a été signé sous un accord volitif entre les deux nations.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɜːrviəs/

impervious

imperméable
Meaning
Not allowing fluid to pass through; unable to be affected by something.
Example
The jacket is impervious to rain.
La veste est imperméable à la pluie.
C1 noun dɪˌtɪə.ri.əˈreɪ.ʃən

deterioration

détérioration
Meaning
The process of becoming progressively worse; decline in quality, condition, or strength.
Example
Poor maintenance leads to material deterioration.
Un mauvais entretien conduit à la détérioration du matériel.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊ.kəs ˈtræk.ɪŋ/

focus tracking

suivi de la concentration
Meaning
A technique of monitoring and maintaining attention on specific tasks or goals.
Example
Proper focus tracking improves productivity.
Un bon suivi de la concentration améliore la productivité.
C2 noun /ˈdɒldrəmz/

doldrums

morosité
Meaning
A state of inactivity, stagnation, or low spirits; also a region near the equator with calm winds.
Example
After the project failed, the team was stuck in the doldrums for months.
Après l'échec du projet, l'équipe était bloquée dans le marasme pendant des mois.
C2 noun /ɪˈnɪkwɪti/

iniquity

iniquité
Meaning
Immoral or grossly unfair behavior.
Example
The dictator's regime was marked by corruption and iniquity.
Le régime du dictateur était marqué par la corruption et l'iniquité.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪk.əl/

Fickle

changeant; instable; capricieux;
Meaning
changeable; inconstant; liable to sudden unpredictable change
Example
His fickle nature made it hard to trust his promises.
Sa nature changeante a rendu difficile la confiance dans ses promesses.
B1 adjective /prɪˈsaɪs/

precise

précis
Meaning
Marked by exactness and accuracy of expression or detail.
Example
She gave precise instructions for the experiment.
Elle a donné des instructions précises pour l'expérience.
A2 adverb /dəˈrɛktli/ or /daɪˈrɛktli/

directly

directement
Meaning
in a straight line or manner; without anything in between
Example
She spoke directly to the manager about her concerns.
Elle a parlé directement au manager de ses préoccupations.
C1 noun ˌes.kəˈleɪ.ʃən

escalation

augmentation rapide; une montée.
Meaning
A rapid increase; a rise.
Example
The escalation of production costs impacts profitability.
L'escalade des coûts de production impacte la rentabilité.
C1 adjective /ˌkaʊntərɪnˈtuːɪtɪv/

counterintuitive

contre-intuitif
Meaning
contrary to what one would intuitively expect
Example
His approach seems counterintuitive but it actually works.
Son approche semble contre-intuitive, mais elle fonctionne réellement.
C2 verb /ɪkˈstruːd/

extrude

extruder
Meaning
to force something out through a small opening; to shape by pushing material through a mold
Example
The factory extrudes plastic pipes using modern machines.
L'usine extrude des tuyaux en plastique en utilisant des machines modernes.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɪləti/

senility

sénilité
Meaning
The state of being old and showing the weaknesses of age, especially mental decline.
Example
His forgetfulness was attributed to senility.
Sa perte de mémoire a été attribuée à la sénilité.
C2 adjective /səˈræfɪk/

seraphic

angélique
Meaning
Of or like a seraph; angelic, pure, and blissful.
Example
She gave him a seraphic smile that calmed his fears.
Elle lui donna un sourire angélique qui calma ses peurs.
A1 noun neɪmz

Names

nom
Meaning
A word or set of words by which a person or thing is known.
Example
Names of family members are written on the family tree.
Les noms des membres de la famille sont inscrits sur l'arbre généalogique.
C2 noun /rɪˈdʒɔɪndər/

rejoinder

réplique
Meaning
a quick or witty reply; a response to a remark or argument
Example
His sharp rejoinder silenced the crowd.
Sa réplique acérée a fait taire la foule.
B2 noun /pætʃ/

Patch

pièce
Meaning
a small piece of material used to mend a hole; a small area of something different
Example
She sewed a patch over the hole in her jeans.
Elle a cousu une pièce sur le trou dans son jean.
B2 adverb /ˈneɪmli/

Namely

à savoir; spécifiquement;
Meaning
that is to say; specifically; to be precise
Example
Three cities, namely Paris, London, and Rome, were visited.
Trois villes, à savoir Paris, Londres et Rome, ont été visitées.
B2 noun /ˌnɔːrθˈiːst/

northeast

nord-est
Meaning
the direction between north and east; a region or area located in that direction.
Example
The storm is moving toward the northeast.
La tempête se déplace vers le nord-est.
B1 noun /broʊˈʃʊr/

brochure

brochure
Meaning
a small booklet or pamphlet containing information or advertising
Example
The travel agent gave us a brochure about the holiday package.
L'agent de voyages nous a donné une brochure sur le paquet de vacances.
B2 noun /əˌrɪʒ.əˈnæl.ə.ti/

Originality

originalité
Meaning
the quality of being novel or unusual; the ability to think independently and creatively
Example
The artist's work showed great originality and creativity.
Le travail de l'artiste a montré une grande originalité et créativité.
A2 noun/verb /meɪl/

mail

courrier / lettre
Meaning
Letters, packages, or email messages sent or delivered to someone.
Example
I received an important letter in the mail.
J'ai reçu une lettre importante par le courrier.
A2 adjective /reər/

Rare

rare
Meaning
not occurring very often; uncommon or unusual
Example
It's rare to find such beautiful handmade jewelry these days.
Il est rare de trouver de tels bijoux faits à la main si beaux de nos jours.
C2 verb (past tense, past participle), adjective /ˈhæmstrʌŋ/

hamstrung

paralysé ou limité
Meaning
crippled or severely restricted in movement or progress.
Example
The team was hamstrung by lack of resources.
L'équipe était limitée par un manque de ressources.
C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒiː/

pledgee

la personne à qui quelque chose est attribué comme garantie
Meaning
a person to whom something is pledged or given as security
Example
The bank is the pledgee of the collateral until the loan is repaid.
La banque est le créancier du bien jusqu'à ce que le prêt soit remboursé.
C1 noun /əˈstrɑː.lə.dʒər/

Astrologer

astrologue
Meaning
a person who studies astrology and makes predictions based on the positions of stars and planets
Example
The astrologer predicted good fortune in her future.
L'astrologue a prédit une bonne fortune dans son avenir.
C2 noun /kwaɪˈiːtəs/

Quietus

mort ou quelque chose qui cause la mort ; une résolution finale
Meaning
death or something that causes death; a final settlement
Example
The hero received his quietus from the villain's sword.
Le héros a reçu son quietus de l'épée du vilain.
C2 noun /hoʊ/

Hoe

binette
Meaning
a gardening tool with a thin metal blade used for breaking up soil and removing weeds
Example
The farmer used a hoe to remove weeds from his vegetable garden.
Le fermier a utilisé une binette pour enlever les mauvaises herbes de son jardin de légumes.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.tɜːn/

upturn

amélioration
Meaning
An improvement or upward trend in a situation, especially in business or economy.
Example
The company experienced an upturn in sales last quarter.
L'entreprise a connu une amélioration des ventes le dernier trimestre.
C2 verb /ˈtrʌk.əl/

truckle

se soumettre
Meaning
To submit or yield obsequiously to someone in power.
Example
He refused to truckle to the demands of the corrupt officials.
Il a refusé de se soumettre aux demandes des fonctionnaires corrompus.
C1 noun ˌnæn.oʊ.tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi

nanotechnology

nanotechnologie
Meaning
The branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances of less than 100 nanometers.
Example
Nanotechnology is advancing medical treatments.
La nanotechnologie fait progresser les traitements médicaux.
C2 noun /tɛkˈnɒɡrəfi/

technography

technographie
Meaning
the descriptive study or writing about the practical arts, technologies, or technical methods of a society
Example
The anthropologist specialized in technography to understand indigenous tool-making traditions.
L'anthropologue s'est spécialisé en technographie pour comprendre les traditions autochtones de fabrication d'outils.
B2 noun breɪn ˈtreɪ.nɪŋ

brain-training

entraînement cérébral
Meaning
Mental exercises designed to improve cognitive functions, memory retention, and overall brain performance.
Example
Regular brain-training can improve memory retention.
L'entraînement cérébral régulier peut améliorer la rétention de la mémoire.
C1 noun /ˈmɒnəˌlɒɡ/

monologue

monologue
Meaning
A long speech by one person, often in a play or performance.
Example
The actor delivered a powerful monologue on stage.
L'acteur a livré un puissant monologue sur scène.
B2 noun, verb /dɪˈfɔːlt/

default

défaut
Meaning
failure to fulfill an obligation, especially to repay a loan
Example
The company defaulted on its loan payments.
L'entreprise a fait défaut sur ses paiements de prêt.
C1 adjective /ˈnɪp.i/

Nippy

froid; frais; rapide et agile en mouvement
Meaning
cold; chilly; quick and agile in movement
Example
It's quite nippy outside today, you should wear a jacket.
Il fait assez froid dehors aujourd'hui, tu devrais porter une veste.
A2 noun /ˈdiː.teɪl/

detail

détail
Meaning
An individual feature, fact, or item of information.
Example
She explained the plan in great detail.
Elle a expliqué le plan en détail.
B1 verb /ɪkˈspænd/

expand

étendre
Meaning
To increase in size, number, or importance.
Example
The company plans to expand its operations into new markets.
L'entreprise prévoit d'étendre ses opérations dans de nouveaux marchés.
C2 noun /ˈkɜːrtʃɪf/

kerchief

foulard
Meaning
a piece of cloth worn around the head or neck
Example
She wore a red kerchief on her head.
Elle portait un foulard rouge sur la tête.
B2 noun /kənˈtɛmpt/

contempt

mépris, dédain
Meaning
a strong feeling of dislike and lack of respect towards someone or something
Example
He spoke with contempt about the corrupt officials.
Il a parlé avec mépris des fonctionnaires corrompus.
A2 noun /drʌm/

Drum

tambour
Meaning
a percussion instrument typically made of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched over one or both ends
Example
The drummer kept perfect time on his drum kit.
Le batteur a tenu le tempo parfait sur son kit de batterie.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈʃædoʊ/

foreshadow

présager
Meaning
To indicate or suggest something that will happen in the future
Example
Dark clouds foreshadowed an approaching storm.
Les nuages sombres ont présagé une tempête imminente.
A1 noun /lʌntʃ/

Lunch

déjeuner
Meaning
a meal eaten in the middle of the day, typically one that is lighter or less formal than an evening meal
Example
We had lunch at a nice restaurant downtown.
Nous avons déjeuné dans un bon restaurant en ville.
C1 adjective /swɑːv/

suave

charmant et raffiné
Meaning
charming, confident, and elegant, often in a smooth or polished way
Example
He was a suave gentleman who impressed everyone at the party.
Il était un homme raffiné qui a impressionné tout le monde à la fête.
C2 noun /ˈsɪniæst/

cineast

cinéaste
Meaning
A film enthusiast or filmmaker; a person deeply interested in cinema.
Example
As a true cineast, she spends most weekends watching classic films.
En tant que véritable cinéaste, elle passe la plupart de ses week-ends à regarder des films classiques.
A2 noun /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/

difficulty

Meaning
the state or condition of being hard to do, deal with, or understand
Example
He faced great difficulty in learning a new language.
B2 adjective kənˈsaɪs

concise

concis
Meaning
Brief and clearly expressed without unnecessary details.
Example
A concise speech is more impactful than a long one.
Un discours concis est plus percutant qu'un long discours.
C2 noun /ˈspɒt.ɪd sneɪk hed/

Spotted snake head

poisson tête de serpent tachetée
Meaning
a type of freshwater fish with spotted markings and an elongated head resembling a snake
Example
The spotted snake head is a popular fish for aquaculture in South Asia.
Le poisson tête de serpent tachetée est populaire pour l'aquaculture en Asie du Sud.
C1 noun /ˈsɪk.əl/

Sickle

faucille
Meaning
a tool with a curved metal blade and short handle used for cutting grain crops
Example
The farmer harvested wheat using a traditional sickle.
Le fermier a récolté du blé en utilisant une faucille traditionnelle.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfleɪtɪd/

inflated

gonflé
Meaning
excessively increased in size, value, or importance; filled with air or gas
Example
The company faced criticism for its inflated prices.
L'entreprise a fait face à des critiques en raison de ses prix gonflés.
A2 adverb /ˈmoʊstli/

Mostly

principalement; en majorité; habituellement
Meaning
mainly; for the most part; usually
Example
The students are mostly from local schools.
Les étudiants viennent principalement des écoles locales.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈpæʃənət/

dispassionate

impartial
Meaning
not influenced by strong emotion; impartial
Example
The judge remained dispassionate throughout the trial.
Le juge est resté impartial pendant tout le procès.
C2 noun /ˌθɜː.məʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

thermogenesis

processus de production de chaleur
Meaning
The process of heat production in living organisms, often associated with burning calories and energy expenditure.
Example
Spicy foods can enhance thermogenesis and calorie burning.
Les aliments épicés peuvent améliorer la thermogenèse et la combustion des calories.
C1 noun dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nənt

determinant

facteur déterminant
Meaning
A factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.
Example
Education is a key determinant of success.
L'éducation est un facteur déterminant du succès.
A2 verb /raɪz/

rise

élever
Meaning
to move upward; to get up from bed; to increase
Example
The sun rises in the east.
Le soleil se lève à l'est.
C2 noun /hʊˈzɑːr/

hussar

hussard
Meaning
a member of a light cavalry regiment in European armies, especially the Hungarian cavalry
Example
The hussar rode swiftly across the battlefield.
Le hussard a chevauché rapidement à travers le champ de bataille.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæl.ənt/

gallant

héroïque, chevaleresque
Meaning
Brave, heroic, or chivalrous.
Example
The gallant firefighter saved the child from the burning building.
Le pompier héroïque a sauvé l'enfant du bâtiment en feu.
C2 adjective /ˈnɪɡərdli/

niggardly

avare
Meaning
unwilling to spend or give; stingy or miserly
Example
He was too niggardly to leave a decent tip.
Il était trop avare pour laisser un pourboire décent.
B2 noun ˌel.ɪ.dʒəˈbɪl.ə.ti

eligibility

éligibilité
Meaning
The state of having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.
Example
Eligibility criteria maintain fairness.
Les critères d'éligibilité maintiennent l'équité.
B1 noun /ɪnˈvɛstər/

investor

investisseur
Meaning
a person or organization that puts money into financial schemes, property, or business ventures with the expectation of achieving a profit
Example
The investor funded the startup with a large sum of money.
L'investisseur a financé la startup avec une grande somme d'argent.
C1 noun /rɪˈpʌlʃən/

Repulsion

répulsion
Meaning
a feeling of intense distaste or disgust; a force under the influence of which objects tend to move away from each other
Example
She felt a strong repulsion towards the idea of eating insects.
Elle ressentit une forte répulsion à l'idée de manger des insectes.
A2 noun, verb, adjective /saʊnd/

sound

son
Meaning
a sensation perceived by the ear; to make or cause to make a noise; in good condition
Example
The bell sounded across the valley.
La cloche a sonné à travers la vallée.
C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

externalité
Meaning
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
Example
Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.
La pollution est une externalité négative de l'industrialisation.
C1 adjective /ˈstætʃətɔːri/

statutory

législatif
Meaning
Required, permitted, or enacted by law.
Example
The company must comply with all statutory regulations.
L'entreprise doit se conformer à toutes les régulations législatives.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃənəl/

Unintentional

involontaire; accidentel
Meaning
not done on purpose; accidental
Example
The damage to the car was unintentional.
Les dégâts à la voiture étaient involontaires.
C1 noun /ˈpɒpjʊləs/

populace

population
Meaning
the general public; the ordinary people living in a country or area
Example
The new law was welcomed by the local populace.
La nouvelle loi a été accueillie par la population locale.
C1 noun /ˈlɔː.ləs.nəs/

Lawlessness

illégalité
Meaning
absence of law and order; a state where laws do not exist or are not enforced
Example
The city descended into lawlessness after the government collapsed.
La ville est tombée dans l'illégalité après l'effondrement du gouvernement.
B2 verb /tʌk/

tuck

replier
Meaning
to push or fold something neatly into a particular place
Example
She tucked the blanket around the baby to keep him warm.
Elle a replié la couverture autour du bébé pour le garder au chaud.
C2 adjective /ˌæk.rɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/

acrimonious

amer et en colère
Meaning
Bitter and angry, often involving harsh words.
Example
The debate turned acrimonious after the controversial remark.
Le débat est devenu acrimonieux après le commentaire controversé.
B2 adjective /ˌɛm.pəˈθɛ.tɪk/

empathetic

empathique
Meaning
Showing ability to understand and share feelings of others.
Example
She was empathetic towards her friend's struggles.
Elle était empathique envers les luttes de son amie.
A2 adjective /ˈwɛstərn/

western

occidental
Meaning
relating to or characteristic of the West, especially Europe and the Americas
Example
She loves western music and culture.
Elle adore la musique et la culture occidentales.
A1 noun /wɜːrd/

word

mot
Meaning
a single distinct meaningful element of speech or writing
Example
He looked up the word in the dictionary.
Il a cherché le mot dans le dictionnaire.
B2 noun /wɔːmθ/

warmth

chaleur
Meaning
the quality or state of being warm in temperature or feeling
Example
She felt the warmth of the sun on her face.
Elle ressentait la chaleur du soleil sur son visage.
B2 adjective /ˌkɑː.di.əʊˈvæs.kjʊ.lər/

cardiovascular

relatif au cœur et aux vaisseaux sanguins
Meaning
Relating to the heart and blood vessels.
Example
Regular exercise improves cardiovascular health.
L'exercice régulier améliore la santé cardiovasculaire.
B2 noun /ˈpær.ə.dɒks/

paradox

paradoxe
Meaning
A seemingly contradictory statement or situation that may be true; an apparent inconsistency.
Example
The paradox of freedom is that it requires rules.
Le paradoxe de la liberté est qu'il nécessite des règles.
A2 noun/verb /ˈbʌdʒɪt/

budget

budget
Meaning
An estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time; to plan expenses and income.
Example
The family created a budget to manage their expenses.
La famille a créé un budget pour gérer leurs dépenses.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

récurrence
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
Le médecin était préoccupé par la récurrence des symptômes du patient.
C2 noun /meɪs/

Mase

muscade
Meaning
spice obtained from the reddish seed covering of the nutmeg seed
Example
A pinch of mace adds warmth to the dessert.
Une pincée de muscade ajoute de la chaleur au dessert.
B2 noun /ˈpælət/

palette

palette
Meaning
a thin board or surface on which an artist sets and mixes colors; also a range of colors used in art or design
Example
The artist mixed vibrant shades on her palette before starting the painting.
L'artiste a mélangé des teintes vibrantes sur sa palette avant de commencer la peinture.
B1 noun /kriˈeɪ.ʃən/

Creation

création; invention
Meaning
the action or process of bringing something into existence; something that has been made or invented
Example
The artist's latest creation was displayed at the modern art gallery.
La dernière création de l'artiste a été exposée à la galerie d'art moderne.
A2 noun (plural) /ædz/

ads

publicités
Meaning
short for advertisements; promotional messages intended to sell products or services
Example
I often skip ads when watching videos online.
Je saute souvent les publicités quand je regarde des vidéos en ligne.
C1 noun /bəˈbuːn/

Baboon

babouin
Meaning
a large African and Arabian primate with a dog-like snout and colorful buttocks
Example
The baboon troop gathered around the watering hole in the savanna.
Le groupe de babouins s'est réuni autour du trou d'eau dans la savane.
C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

inefficacité
Meaning
The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.
Example
Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.
L'inefficacité du gouvernement entraîne une réalisation lente du projet.
C1 adjective /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tɪv/

Educative

éducatif; informatif
Meaning
providing education; instructive; informative
Example
The documentary was highly educative and informative.
Le documentaire était très éducatif et informatif.
C2 adjective /rɪˈmjuːnərətɪv/

remunerative

rémunérateur
Meaning
Financially rewarding or profitable.
Example
He chose a remunerative career in medicine.
Il a choisi une carrière rémunératrice en médecine.
C1 verb bɪˈkwiːð

bequeath

léguer
Meaning
Leave something to someone in a will; pass down or hand down to the next generation.
Example
The scientist bequeathed his research papers to the university.
Le scientifique a légué ses papiers de recherche à l'université.
B1 adjective /ˈpeɪn.fəl/

painful

douloureux
Meaning
causing physical or emotional pain
Example
The injury was very painful, and he needed immediate care.
La blessure était très douloureuse et il avait besoin de soins immédiats.
B2 noun /ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən/

coalition

coalition
Meaning
a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action
Example
Several parties formed a coalition to pass the new law.
Plusieurs partis ont formé une coalition pour faire adopter la nouvelle loi.
C1 verb /ˈslækən/

slacken

desserrer
Meaning
to make or become less tight, less active, or slower
Example
The driver slackened his speed as he approached the village.
Le conducteur a ralenti sa vitesse en approchant du village.
B2 adjective /ʌnˈwɪl.ɪŋ/

Unwilling

réticent; récalcitrant;
Meaning
not ready to do something; reluctant; not wanting to do
Example
He was unwilling to share his secret with anyone.
Il ne voulait pas partager son secret avec qui que ce soit.
B1 noun /ˈæŋɡl/

angle

angle
Meaning
The space between two intersecting lines or surfaces at the point where they meet.
Example
The teacher explained how to measure an angle in geometry.
L'enseignant a expliqué comment mesurer un angle en géométrie.
B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

matchs pour déterminer le champion
Meaning
a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams
Example
The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.
L'équipe s'est qualifiée pour les playoffs après une saison forte.
C2 noun /ˌmæləˈdɪkʃən/

Malediction

malédiction
Meaning
A magical word used to invoke a curse; an evil spell
Example
The witch uttered a terrible malediction upon her enemies.
La sorcière a prononcé une terrible malédiction sur ses ennemis.
C2 noun /ɒkˈteɪvoʊ/

octavo

octavo (taille de livre obtenue en pliant une feuille en huit parties)
Meaning
A size of book page resulting from folding a sheet of paper into eight leaves (sixteen pages).
Example
The old library contained rare octavo editions of Shakespeare.
La vieille bibliothèque contenait des éditions rares en octavo de Shakespeare.
C1 noun, verb /raʊt/

rout

défaite
Meaning
A decisive defeat; to defeat completely.
Example
The army routed the enemy forces in the battle.
L'armée a complètement vaincu les forces ennemies dans la bataille.
A1 noun /flɔːr/

floor

sol
Meaning
the lower surface of a room, on which one may walk
Example
The floor was covered with a soft carpet.
Le sol était couvert d'un tapis doux.
C2 noun /dɪˈbɔːtʃəri/

debauchery

débauche
Meaning
excessive indulgence in sensual pleasures; corruption or vice
Example
The novel depicts the debauchery of the aristocrats in the city.
Le roman dépeint la débauche des aristocrates dans la ville.
C2 verb /ɪˈfjuːz/

effuse

effuser
Meaning
To pour out or express feelings freely and openly.
Example
She effused gratitude for the help she received.
Elle a exprimé sa gratitude pour l'aide qu'elle a reçue.
C2 adjective /traɪˈɛniəl/

triennial

triennal
Meaning
Occurring once every three years.
Example
The art festival is a triennial event in the city.
Le festival d'art est un événement triennal dans la ville.
B1 noun /kəˈnuː/

Canoe

canoë
Meaning
a narrow boat pointed at both ends and moved with a paddle
Example
They paddled their canoe down the peaceful stream.
Ils ont pagayé leur canoë dans le ruisseau paisible.
B2 noun /ˈɜːθ.wɜːm/

Earth-worm

ver de terre
Meaning
a segmented worm that lives in soil and helps decompose organic matter
Example
The gardener was happy to find many earthworms in the soil.
Le jardinier était heureux de trouver de nombreux vers de terre dans le sol.
C1 verb /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/

vindicate

justifier
Meaning
To clear someone of blame or suspicion; to show or prove to be right, reasonable, or justified.
Example
The new evidence helped vindicate the wrongly accused man.
La nouvelle preuve a aidé à justifier l'homme injustement accusé.
B2 adjective /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/

Competent

compétent; capable
Meaning
having the necessary skill or knowledge to do something successfully; capable
Example
She is a competent manager who handles all tasks efficiently.
Elle est une gestionnaire compétente qui gère toutes les tâches efficacement.
A1 noun /'æn.ɪ.məl/

Animal

animal
Meaning
a living creature that feeds on organic matter, typically having specialized sense organs and nervous system and able to respond rapidly to stimuli
Example
The zoo has many different animals from around the world.
Le zoo a de nombreux animaux différents venant du monde entier.