interconnectivity
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C1 noun /ˌɪntəkəˈnɛktɪvɪti/

interconnectivity

interconnexion
Meaning
The state of being interconnected or the degree of connectivity between components
Example
The rise of interconnectivity has transformed global communication.
L'essor de l'interconnectivité a transformé la communication mondiale.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

insecticide
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
Le fermier a pulvérisé de l'insecticide sur ses cultures pour les protéger des insectes nuisibles.
C2 verb /ˌɪmpɔːrˈtuːn/

importune

demander insistant
Meaning
To ask someone persistently or pressingly for something
Example
The child importuned his mother for a new toy.
L'enfant importunait sa mère pour un nouveau jouet.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkænˈdɛsənt/

incandescent

incandescent
Meaning
emitting light as a result of being heated; extremely bright or passionate
Example
The incandescent lamp lit up the entire hall.
La lampe incandescente a éclairé toute la salle.
B2 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrt/

insert

insérer
Meaning
to put or place something into something else
Example
Please insert the key into the lock.
veuillez insérer la clé dans la serrure.
C1 noun /ɪˈreləvəns/

irrelevance

irrélevance
Meaning
the quality of not being connected to or important for a particular matter; lack of significance
Example
His long explanation only highlighted the irrelevance of the details to the main issue.
Sa longue explication n’a fait que souligner l’irrélevance des détails pour le sujet principal.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɑːdʒɪtənt/

incogitant

irréfléchi
Meaning
Lacking thought; inconsiderate or thoughtless.
Example
It was incogitant of him to make such a rude comment.
C'était incogitant de sa part de faire un commentaire aussi grossier.
C2 noun /ɪnˈsɪpiəns/

incipience

début
Meaning
the beginning or initial stage of something
Example
The project was still in its incipience when funding was approved.
Le projet en était encore à ses débuts lorsque le financement a été approuvé.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪələt/

inviolate

inviolé
Meaning
free from violation, injury, or desecration; kept safe and untouched
Example
The ancient temple remained inviolate for centuries.
Le temple ancien est resté inviolé pendant des siècles.
B2 noun /ˌɪnəˈbɪləti/

inability

incapacité
Meaning
the state of being unable to do something
Example
His inability to make decisions affected his career.
Son incapacité à prendre des décisions a affecté sa carrière.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɜːrsəneɪt/

impersonate

imiter
Meaning
to pretend to be another person in order to entertain or deceive
Example
He was arrested for trying to impersonate a police officer.
Il a été arrêté pour avoir tenté d'usurper l'identité d'un policier.
C2 adjective /ˈɪmənənt/

immanent

immanent
Meaning
existing or operating within; inherent
Example
He believed that moral values are immanent in human nature.
Il croyait que les valeurs morales sont immanentes dans la nature humaine.
C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

immobilité
Meaning
The state of being unable to move.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.
Après l'accident, elle a souffert d'immobilité dans ses jambes.
B1 verb ɪnˈvɛst

invest

investir
Meaning
To put money, effort, time, etc. into something to make a profit or get an advantage.
Example
Investing in intellectual property can generate passive income.
Investir dans la propriété intellectuelle peut générer des revenus passifs.
B2 adjective /ˈɪmɪnənt/

imminent

imminent
Meaning
About to happen; likely to occur very soon.
Example
Dark clouds signaled that a storm was imminent.
Les nuages sombres ont signalé qu'une tempête était imminente.
B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈfɪər/

interfere

bonheur
Meaning
to become involved in something that is not your concern; to hinder or obstruct
Example
Parents should not interfere in their children’s personal choices.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C2 noun /ˌɪmprɪˈkeɪʃən/

imprecation

malédiction
Meaning
A spoken curse or expression of strong condemnation.
Example
The angry crowd hurled imprecations at the corrupt official.
La foule en colère a lancé des malédictions à l'officiel corrompu.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

Infection

infection
Meaning
the process of infecting or the state of being infected; a disease caused by germs
Example
The doctor prescribed antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection in her throat.
Le médecin a prescrit des antibiotiques pour traiter l'infection bactérienne dans sa gorge.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnsətɪv/

insensitive

insensible
Meaning
Showing or feeling no concern for others' feelings.
Example
His insensitive comment hurt her deeply.
Son commentaire insensible l'a profondément blessée.
C2 noun /ɪnˈtɒksɪkənt/

intoxicant

intoxiquant
Meaning
a substance, especially alcohol or a drug, that causes intoxication
Example
Alcohol is the most commonly used intoxicant in many cultures.
L'alcool est l'intoxicant le plus couramment utilisé dans de nombreuses cultures.
C1 verb /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlaɪz/

institutionalize

institutionnaliser
Meaning
to establish something as a formal institution, custom, or practice
Example
The government seeks to institutionalize environmental protection.
Le gouvernement cherche à institutionnaliser la protection de l'environnement.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜː.mə.nəns/

impermanence

impermanence
Meaning
The state or fact of lasting for only a limited period of time.
Example
The philosophy of Buddhism emphasizes the impermanence of life.
La philosophie bouddhiste met l'accent sur l'impermanence de la vie.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsɪstənt/

insistent

insistant
Meaning
demanding something firmly and refusing to accept no
Example
The child was insistent on getting a new toy.
L'enfant était insistant pour obtenir un nouveau jouet.
C2 noun /ɪmˌpɜːrtərbəˈbɪləti/

imperturbability

imperturbabilité
Meaning
The quality of being calm and not easily disturbed or upset.
Example
Her imperturbability during the crisis impressed everyone.
Son imperturbabilité pendant la crise a impressionné tout le monde.
C2 noun /ˈɪn.dɪ.dʒəns/

indigence

indigence
Meaning
a state of extreme poverty or destitution
Example
The charity was founded to help people living in indigence.
La charité a été fondée pour aider les personnes vivant dans l'indigence.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈvɪzəbl/

indivisible

indivisible
Meaning
Not able to be divided or separated.
Example
The country's unity was indivisible despite differences.
L'unité du pays était indivisible malgré les différences.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvaɪələbl/

inviolable

inviolable
Meaning
never to be broken, dishonored, or violated
Example
Human rights are considered inviolable in modern democracies.
Les droits de l'homme sont considérés comme inviolables dans les démocraties modernes.
C1 noun ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs trəˈdɪʃənz

Indigenous Traditions

Traditions indigènes
Meaning
Cultural practices, beliefs, and customs that have been passed down through generations among native peoples.
Example
Indigenous traditions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are unique.
Les traditions indigènes dans les Chittagong Hill Tracts sont uniques.
C2 noun /ɪnˌtɜːrpəˈleɪʃən/

interpolation

interpolation
Meaning
The act of inserting something into a text or estimating values within a sequence of data.
Example
The scientist used interpolation to predict the missing data points.
Le scientifique a utilisé l'interpolation pour prédire les points de données manquants.
C2 noun /ɪˈluːmɪnənt/

illuminant

illuminant
Meaning
A substance or device that produces light.
Example
The lamp acted as an illuminant in the dark cave.
La lampe a agi comme un illuminant dans la grotte sombre.
B2 noun ˌɪnɪˈkwɒlɪti

inequality

inégalité
Meaning
Difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.; lack of equality.
Example
The theme of inequality is prominent throughout the story.
Le thème de l'inégalité est important tout au long de l'histoire.
C2 adjective /ˈɪl bred/

Ill-bred

mal eleve
Meaning
lacking good manners; rude; showing poor upbringing
Example
His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.
His ill-bred behavior shocked everyone at the dinner party.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkoʊˈhɪrəns/

incoherence

incohérence
Meaning
The quality of being unclear, confused, or lacking logical connection.
Example
His speech was full of incoherence and difficult to follow.
Son discours était plein d'incohérences et difficile à suivre.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdetɪd/

Indebted

endetté; reconnaissant
Meaning
owing money or gratitude to someone; obligated; grateful
Example
I am deeply indebted to my teacher for all her guidance.
Je suis profondément endetté envers ma professeure pour toute sa guidance.
B2 adjective /ˌɪnfluˈenʃəl/

Influential

influant; puissant
Meaning
having great influence on someone or something; powerful; persuasive
Example
She is an influential leader in the community.
C'est un leader influent dans la communauté.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfleɪt/

inflate

gonfler
Meaning
to fill with air or gas so it expands; to increase excessively or artificially
Example
The mechanic inflated the tire to the correct pressure.
Le mécanicien a gonflé le pneu à la bonne pression.
C2 noun /ɪmˌprɒb.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/

Improbability

improbabilité
Meaning
the quality or state of being improbable; unlikely to be true or to happen
Example
The improbability of winning the lottery twice didn't stop her from buying tickets.
L'improbabilité de gagner à la loterie deux fois ne l'a pas empêchée d'acheter des billets.
B2 adjective ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪ.tɪd

integrated

intégré
Meaning
Combining or coordinating separate elements so as to provide a harmonious, interrelated whole.
Example
Integrated systems optimize efficiency.
Les systèmes intégrés optimisent l'efficacité.
B2 verb /ˌɪntərˈviːn/

intervene

intervenir
Meaning
To come between people, groups, or events, often to prevent conflict or improve a situation.
Example
The teacher had to intervene to stop the fight between the students.
L'enseignant a dû intervenir pour arrêter la bagarre entre les élèves.
C2 verb /ɪnˈtɜːr/

inter

enterrer
Meaning
To bury a dead body in the ground.
Example
They decided to inter the soldier with full honors.
Ils ont décidé d'enterrer le soldat avec tous les honneurs.
B2 adjective /ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd/

irritated

irrité
Meaning
feeling annoyed or impatient; having inflamed or sore physical condition
Example
She felt irritated by the constant noise outside her window.
Elle était irritée par le bruit constant à l’extérieur.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɒsəˈbɪlɪti/

impossibility

impossibilité
Meaning
the state or fact of being impossible; something that cannot be done or achieved
Example
Finishing the project in one day was an impossibility.
Finir le projet en un jour était une impossibilité.
C1 noun /ˈɪntərˌpleɪ/

interplay

interaction
Meaning
The way in which two or more things have an effect on each other.
Example
The interplay between culture and technology shapes modern life.
L'interaction entre la culture et la technologie façonne la vie moderne.
C1 verb /ɪnˈklaɪn/

incline

s'incliner
Meaning
to feel willing or favorably disposed toward something; to bend or tilt
Example
She is inclined to agree with the proposal.
Elle est inclinée à être d'accord avec la proposition.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈnaɪt/

ignite

enflammer
Meaning
To catch fire or cause to catch fire; to start or arouse.
Example
The sparks ignited the dry leaves in seconds.
Les étincelles ont enflammé les feuilles sèches en quelques secondes.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈæk.tɪv/

Inactive

inactif
Meaning
not active; not working; dormant; idle
Example
The volcano has been inactive for over a century.
Le volcan est inactif depuis plus d'un siecle.
C2 adjective /ˌɪmpɪˈkjuːniəs/

impecunious

pauvre
Meaning
Having little or no money; poor.
Example
He grew up in an impecunious family.
Il a grandi dans une famille pauvre.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛptɪv/

inceptive

initial
Meaning
Relating to or marking the beginning or initial stage of something.
Example
The inceptive phase of the project was marked by enthusiastic planning.
La phase inceptive du projet a été marquée par une planification enthousiaste.
C2 noun /ˌɪnkænˈteɪʃən/

incantation

incantation
Meaning
a series of words used as a magic spell or charm
Example
The wizard chanted an incantation to summon the spirits.
Le magicien a récité une incantation pour invoquer les esprits.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlvd/

involved

impliqué
Meaning
complicated or engaged in something
Example
She was deeply involved in community service.
Elle était profondément impliquée dans le service communautaire.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfɛnsəbl̩/

indefensible

indéfendable
Meaning
not able to be protected or justified
Example
The minister’s remarks were considered indefensible by the public.
Les remarques du ministre ont été jugées indéfendables par le public.
B1 noun /ɪˌmædʒ.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

Imagination

imagination; faculté créative
Meaning
the faculty or action of forming new ideas or images not present to the senses; creative thinking
Example
Children's imagination allows them to turn a cardboard box into a spaceship or castle.
L'imagination des enfants leur permet de transformer une boîte en carton en un vaisseau spatial ou un château.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.ərn.wʊd/

Ironwood

bois de fer
Meaning
a hard, dense wood from various trees; also the tree itself that produces small flowers
Example
The ironwood tree blooms with tiny white flowers.
L'arbre de bois de fer fleurit avec de petites fleurs blanches.
C2 verb /ˈɪmprɪkeɪt/

imprecate

imprécation
Meaning
To utter a curse or invoke evil upon someone.
Example
The old woman imprecated her enemies with dark words.
La vieille femme a impréqué ses ennemis avec des mots sombres.
C2 verb /ɪˈmjʊər/

immure

enfermer
Meaning
to confine or enclose someone against their will
Example
The prisoner was immured in a dark cell.
Le prisonnier a été enfermé dans une cellule sombre.
C1 verb /ˈɪnfɪltreɪt/

infiltrate

infiltrer
Meaning
to secretly enter or gain access to a place or group
Example
The spies managed to infiltrate the enemy base.
Les espions ont réussi à infiltrer la base ennemie.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnkoʊˈɜːrsəbl̩/

incoercible

incoercible
Meaning
Not capable of being forced, compelled, or restrained.
Example
Her incoercible spirit inspired others to fight for justice.
Son esprit incoercible a inspiré les autres à lutter pour la justice.
C2 adjective /ˌɪntəˈrɒɡətəri/

interrogatory

interrogatif
Meaning
expressed in the form of a question; relating to questioning
Example
The lawyer’s interrogatory tone made the witness uncomfortable.
Le ton interrogatif de l'avocat a rendu le témoin mal à l'aise.
C2 noun /ˌɪnvəˈlɪdɪti/

invalidity

invalidité
Meaning
the state of being invalid, legally void, or lacking force or validity
Example
The court ruled that the contract suffered from invalidity.
Le tribunal a jugé que le contrat souffrait d’invalidité.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

altérer
Meaning
to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability
Example
Smoking can impair your lung capacity.
Fumer peut nuire à votre capacité pulmonaire.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈvɛtərət/

inveterate

invétéré
Meaning
having a long-established habit, activity, or interest that is unlikely to change
Example
He is an inveterate reader who spends hours in the library every day.
Il est un lecteur invétéré qui passe des heures à la bibliothèque chaque jour.
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

intuition
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
Son intuition lui a dit que quelque chose n’allait pas.
C2 adjective /aɪˈsɒ.krə.nəs/

isochronous

se produisant à intervalles de temps égaux
Meaning
Occurring at equal time intervals; in unison or synchrony.
Example
The pendulum swings are isochronous, repeating at equal intervals.
Les balancements du pendule sont isochrones, se répétant à intervalles égaux.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsaɪt/

incite

inciter
Meaning
to provoke; to stir up
Example
His speech incited the crowd to violence.
Son discours a incité la foule à la violence.
B2 noun ɪnˈtɛɡrɪti

integrity

intégrité
Meaning
The quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.
Example
Teachers' integrity fosters a positive learning environment.
L'intégrité des enseignants favorise un environnement d'apprentissage positif.
C2 adjective /ˌɪnɔːˈspɪʃəs/

Inauspicious

néfaste
Meaning
unlucky; showing signs that future success is unlikely; unfavorable
Example
The dark clouds seemed inauspicious for the wedding.
Les nuages sombres semblaient néfastes pour le mariage.
C1 noun /ˈɪmɪdʒəri/

imagery

imagerie
Meaning
visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work
Example
The poet's use of imagery brought the scene to life.
L'utilisation de l'imagerie par le poète a donné vie à la scène.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ/

infringe

enfreindre
Meaning
To actively break the terms of a law, agreement, or right.
Example
Copying this software without permission will infringe copyright laws.
Copier ce logiciel sans permission enfreindra les lois sur le droit d'auteur.
B2 verb /ɪnˈherɪt/

inherit

hériter
Meaning
to receive money, property, or characteristics from someone when they die; to acquire from predecessors
Example
She inherited her grandmother's house.
Elle a hérité de la maison de sa grand-mère.
C1 noun /ɪmˌpɜː.sənˈeɪ.ʃən/

impersonation

usurpation d'identité
Meaning
The action of pretending to be another person for the purpose of entertainment or fraud.
Example
Online impersonation is a serious cybercrime.
L'usurpation d'identité en ligne est un crime informatique grave.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.lət/

islet

îlot
Meaning
A very small island.
Example
The fishermen rested on a tiny islet before continuing their journey.
Les pêcheurs se sont reposés sur un petit îlot avant de continuer leur voyage.
C1 adjective /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

ideological

idéologique
Meaning
Relating to or based on a system of ideas or beliefs.
Example
The two parties are divided by deep ideological differences.
Les deux partis sont divisés par de profondes divergences idéologiques.
B2 adjective /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/

islamic

islamique
Meaning
relating to Islam, its followers, or its teachings
Example
The city has many Islamic cultural centers.
La ville possède de nombreux centres culturels islamiques.
C1 noun /ˈaɪsətəʊp/

isotope

isotope
Meaning
Atoms of the same element with equal number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Example
Carbon-14 is a radioactive isotope used in dating fossils.
Le carbone-14 est un isotope radioactif utilisé pour dater les fossiles.
C2 verb /ɪˈnjʊər/

inure

habituer
Meaning
To become accustomed to something, especially something unpleasant.
Example
Soldiers quickly became inured to the harsh conditions.
Les soldats se sont rapidement habitués aux conditions difficiles.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɜːrʒən/

incursion

incursion
Meaning
A sudden attack or invasion into a place or territory.
Example
The army repelled the enemy incursion at the border.
L'armée a repoussé l'incursion ennemie à la frontière.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpjuːt/

impute

imputer
Meaning
to attribute a fault or responsibility to someone
Example
They imputed the company's success to good leadership.
Ils ont imputé le succès de l'entreprise à un bon leadership.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

Innermost

le plus profond; le plus personnel
Meaning
most private and secret; deepest; most personal
Example
She shared her innermost feelings with her closest friend.
Elle a partagé ses sentiments les plus profonds avec son ami le plus proche.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/

intensive

intensif
Meaning
Involving a lot of effort, energy, or concentration in a short period of time.
Example
She attended an intensive English course before moving abroad.
Elle a suivi un cours intensif d'anglais avant de partir à l'étranger.
B1 verb /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/

indicate

indiquer
Meaning
to point out; to show or suggest; to be a sign of
Example
The red light indicates that you should stop.
Le feu rouge indique que vous devez vous arrêter.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈdʒʊəriəs/

injurious

nuisible
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage.
Example
Smoking is injurious to health.
Fumer est nuisible à la santé.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl/

inexplicable

inexpliquable
Meaning
Impossible to explain or understand.
Example
The sudden disappearance of the file was inexplicable.
La disparition soudaine du fichier était inexpliquable.
C2 adjective /ˈɪndələnt/

indolent

paresseux
Meaning
Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.
Example
The indolent cat slept in the sun all afternoon.
Le chat paresseux a dormi au soleil toute l'après-midi.
C2 noun /ɪˈrɛvərəns/

irreverence

irrévérence
Meaning
a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously
Example
His jokes about religion showed irreverence to the sacred traditions.
Ses blagues sur la religion ont montré de l'irrévérence envers les traditions sacrées.
C2 verb ˈɪnʌndeɪt

inundate

inonder, submerger quelqu'un ou quelque chose avec des choses ou des personnes à traiter
Meaning
To flood; overwhelm someone or something with things or people to be dealt with
Example
The company was inundated with requests after the advertisement.
L'entreprise a été inondée de demandes après la publicité.
C1 adjective ˌɪn.tə.dʒen.əˈreɪ.ʃən.əl

intergenerational

intergénérationnel, entre différentes générations d'une famille
Meaning
Existing or occurring between different generations of a family.
Example
Intergenerational wisdom ensures cultural continuity.
La sagesse intergénérationnelle garantit la continuité culturelle.
C2 adjective/noun /ɪnˈkɑːrnədiːn/

incarnadine

rouge incarnat
Meaning
a bright crimson or pinkish-red color
Example
The sky turned incarnadine at sunset.
Le ciel est devenu rouge incarnat au coucher du soleil.
B1 adjective ˈɪnəveɪtɪv

innovative

innovant
Meaning
Featuring new methods; advanced and original
Example
Innovative strategies are required to combat pollution.
Des stratégies innovantes sont nécessaires pour lutter contre la pollution.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmens/

Immense

immense; colossal; énorme
Meaning
extremely large or great; huge
Example
The immense mountain range stretched across the horizon.
La chaîne de montagnes immense s'étendait à travers l'horizon.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkənˈsiːvəbl̩/

inconceivable

inconcevable
Meaning
Impossible to imagine or believe; beyond comprehension.
Example
It seemed inconceivable that she could finish the marathon after such little training.
Il semblait inconcevable qu'elle puisse finir le marathon après si peu d'entraînement.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnkɒmprɪˈhɛnsəbl/

incomprehensible

incompréhensible
Meaning
Impossible or very difficult to understand.
Example
The professor’s lecture was so fast it became incomprehensible.
Le cours du professeur était tellement rapide qu'il est devenu incompréhensible.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdjuːsmənt/

inducement

incitation
Meaning
something that persuades or encourages someone to do something
Example
The company offered a bonus as an inducement to employees.
L'entreprise a offert une prime comme incitation aux employés.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsɛnseɪt/

insensate

insensible
Meaning
lacking physical sensation or empathy; without feeling or sensitivity
Example
The dictator's insensate cruelty shocked the world.
La cruauté insensible du dictateur a choqué le monde.
C1 verb /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/

idolize

idolâtrer
Meaning
To admire or worship someone excessively.
Example
Fans often idolize celebrities for their talent and lifestyle.
Les fans idolâtrent souvent les célébrités pour leur talent et leur mode de vie.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpælpəbəl/

impalpable

intangible
Meaning
unable to be felt by touch; difficult to grasp or understand
Example
There was an impalpable sense of fear in the room.
Il y avait une sensation intangible de peur dans la pièce.
C2 noun /ɪnˈhɪərəns/

inherence

inhérence
Meaning
The state of being an essential or permanent part of something.
Example
The inherence of risk is part of every business venture.
L'inhérence du risque fait partie de chaque aventure d'entreprise.
C2 adjective /ɪˈrɛfrəɡəbəl/

irrefragable

irréfutable
Meaning
Impossible to refute, deny, or break
Example
The lawyer presented irrefragable evidence that proved his client’s innocence.
L'avocat a présenté des preuves irréfutables qui ont prouvé l'innocence de son client.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈstrʌktɪv/

instructive

instructif
Meaning
useful and informative; providing knowledge or instruction
Example
The lecture was highly instructive and engaging.
La conférence était très instructive et captivante.
C1 adjective /ˈɪnsjələr/

insular

étroit d'esprit, relatif à une île
Meaning
Narrow-minded, isolated, or relating to an island.
Example
The community was criticized for its insular attitudes toward outsiders.
La communauté a été critiquée pour ses attitudes insulaires envers les étrangers.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈsʌf.ər.ə.bəl/

insufferable

insupportable
Meaning
Too extreme to bear; intolerable.
Example
The heat during the summer was insufferable.
La chaleur pendant l'été était insupportable.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈeɪliənəbl/

inalienable

inaliénable
Meaning
Unable to be taken away or transferred; absolute and permanent.
Example
Freedom of speech is an inalienable right.
La liberté d'expression est un droit inaliénable.
A2 verb /ɪmˈpruːv/

improve

améliorer
Meaning
to make or become better; to enhance quality or condition
Example
Practice helps improve your skills.
La pratique aide à améliorer vos compétences.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl səˈpɔːrt

indispensable support

soutien indispensable
Meaning
Essential assistance that cannot be done without; absolutely necessary help.
Example
Volunteers provide indispensable support to communities.
Les bénévoles apportent un soutien indispensable aux communautés.
B2 noun ˈɪnər strɛŋkθ

inner strength

force intérieure
Meaning
Mental or spiritual power that helps a person cope with difficulties.
Example
Community service fosters inner strength in individuals.
Le service communautaire favorise la force intérieure chez les individus.
C2 noun /ɪnˈfriːkwəns/

infrequence

infréquence
Meaning
The state of occurring rarely or at long intervals.
Example
The infrequence of their meetings made it hard to maintain close ties.
L'infréquence de leurs réunions rendait difficile le maintien de liens étroits.
C2 adjective /ɪˈræsɪbl/

irascible

irritable
Meaning
Easily angered; quick-tempered.
Example
His irascible nature often got him into trouble.
Sa nature irritable le mettait souvent dans des situations difficiles.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈdɪf.ər.ənt/

indifferent

indifférent
Meaning
having no particular interest or concern; not caring one way or another
Example
She was indifferent to the outcome of the match.
Elle était indifférente au résultat du match.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈpræktɪkəbl/

impracticable

impraticable
Meaning
Not capable of being carried out or put into practice.
Example
The plan seemed impracticable due to limited resources.
Le plan semblait impraticable en raison des ressources limitées.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdʒɛnjuəs/

ingenuous

ingénu
Meaning
Innocent, naive, and unsuspecting; showing childlike simplicity and sincerity.
Example
Her ingenuous smile revealed her genuine kindness.
Son sourire ingénu révélait sa véritable gentillesse.
B1 verb ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ

increasing

croissant
Meaning
Becoming or making greater in size, amount, intensity, or degree; growing.
Example
Increasing awareness about education is necessary.
Augmenter la sensibilisation à l'éducation est nécessaire.
C2 noun /ɪnˌtɛl.ɪˈdʒɛntsi.ə/

intelligentsia

intelligentsia
Meaning
The group of people engaged in intellectual and cultural pursuits in a society.
Example
The intelligentsia played a key role in shaping public opinion.
L'intelligentsia a joué un rôle clé dans la formation de l'opinion publique.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈprɒbəbl/

improbable

improbable
Meaning
Not likely to be true or to happen.
Example
It seems improbable that he will arrive on time.
Il semble improbable qu'il arrive à l'heure.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

impunity

impunité
Meaning
freedom from punishment or harmful consequences for an action
Example
The dictator ruled with impunity, ignoring international laws.
Le dictateur a régné en toute impunité, ignorant les lois internationales.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbl/

indubitable

indubitable
Meaning
Impossible to doubt; unquestionable.
Example
It is indubitable that hard work leads to success.
Il est indubitable que le travail acharné mène au succès.
B2 adjective/noun /ɪˈrɑːki/

iraqi

irakien
Meaning
relating to Iraq or its people
Example
The Iraqi culture is rich and diverse.
La culture irakienne est riche et diversifiée.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtɛns/

intense

intense
Meaning
Of extreme force, degree, or strength.
Example
She felt intense pain after the accident.
Elle a ressenti une douleur intense après l'accident.
B2 adjective /aɪˈrɒnɪkəl/

ironical

ironique
Meaning
expressing irony; having the nature of irony
Example
Her ironical tone made everyone uncomfortable.
Son ton ironique a mis tout le monde mal à l'aise.
B2 noun /ɪnˈsɪstəns/

insistence

insistance
Meaning
the act of demanding something firmly or repeatedly
Example
At his insistence, we stayed longer.
À son insistance, nous sommes restés plus longtemps.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈkrɛdɪbli/

incredibly

incroyablement
Meaning
to a great degree; extremely or unbelievably
Example
The view from the top of the mountain was incredibly beautiful.
La vue du sommet de la montagne était incroyablement belle.
C2 adjective /ˈɪm.pi.əs/

Impious

impie; blasphématoire
Meaning
irreligious; lacking reverence for religion; blasphemous
Example
The impious act shocked the religious community.
L'acte impie a choqué la communauté religieuse.
B1 adjective /ˈɪnəsənt/

Innocent

innocent; pur; sans faute
Meaning
free from guilt or sin; pure; harmless; naive
Example
The innocent child had no idea that her parents were planning a surprise party.
L'enfant innocent n'avait aucune idée que ses parents préparaient une fête surprise.