Infidel
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C2 noun /ˈɪn.fɪ.del/

Infidel

infidèle
Meaning
a person who does not believe in religion or whose religious beliefs differ from one's own
Example
In historical contexts, crusaders often referred to their enemies as infidels.
Dans des contextes historiques, les croisés se référaient souvent à leurs ennemis comme des infidèles.
C2 noun /ˈbɒdɪs/

bodice

corsage
Meaning
the part of a woman's dress that covers the body from the neck to the waist
Example
She wore a dress with an embroidered bodice.
Elle portait une robe avec un corsage brodé.
A2 noun /ˈneɪ.bər/

Neighbour

voisin; du côté
Meaning
a person who lives near or next to another person
Example
My neighbour is very friendly and helpful.
Mon voisin est très amical et serviable.
C1 noun /roʊz ˈber.i/

Rose berry

baie de rose
Meaning
a type of berry with rose-like characteristics or flavor
Example
The rose berry has a delicate floral taste that reminds me of roses.
La baie de rose a un goût floral délicat qui me rappelle les roses.
A1 adverb /wʌns/

Once

une fois seulement; autrefois
Meaning
one time only; at some time in the past; formerly
Example
I have been to Paris once in my life.
Je suis allé à Paris une fois dans ma vie.
C1 adjective /sɪˈmɛtrɪkəl/

symmetrical

symétrique
Meaning
having parts on either side that match or are the same in shape, size, or arrangement
Example
The artist designed a symmetrical pattern on the floor.
L'artiste a conçu un motif symétrique sur le sol.
C2 noun /ˌperəˈreɪʃən/

peroration

discours de conclusion
Meaning
The concluding part of a speech, often intended to inspire or persuade.
Example
The politician's peroration left the audience applauding enthusiastically.
La pérotation du politicien a fait applaudir le public avec enthousiasme.
C2 adjective /ˈvɛndɪbəl/

vendible

vendable
Meaning
Capable of being sold; marketable.
Example
Only vendible products were displayed at the trade fair.
Seuls les produits vendables ont été exposés à la foire commerciale.
C1 noun ˈæk.si.əm

axiom

axiome
Meaning
A statement or principle that is considered true and does not require proof.
Example
Actions speak louder than words is a well-known axiom.
Les actions parlent plus fort que les mots, c'est un axiome bien connu.
B1 noun /kənˈsjuːmər/

consumer

consommateur
Meaning
A person who buys and uses goods and services.
Example
The company focuses on understanding consumer needs.
L'entreprise se concentre sur la compréhension des besoins des consommateurs.
B1 noun /ˈplʌm.ər/

plumber

plombier
Meaning
a person who installs or repairs water pipes
Example
The plumber fixed the leaking pipe in the kitchen.
Le plombier a réparé le tuyau qui fuyait dans la cuisine.
B2 verb /ˈroʊ.teɪt/

rotate

tourner
Meaning
to turn around a central point or axis
Example
The Earth rotates on its axis once every 24 hours.
La Terre tourne autour de son axe toutes les 24 heures.
B1 noun ˈtʃeə.pɜː.sən

chairperson

président
Meaning
A person who is in charge of a meeting or organization; the presiding officer of a committee, board, or organization.
Example
The chairperson ensures procedural integrity.
Le président assure l'intégrité des procédures.
C2 noun /ˌmælˈoʊdər/

malodor

mauvaise odeur
Meaning
An unpleasant smell; bad odor.
Example
The garbage bin gave off a terrible malodor.
La poubelle dégageait une terrible mauvaise odeur.
C2 noun /ɪmˈpjuːnɪti/

impunity

impunité
Meaning
freedom from punishment or harmful consequences for an action
Example
The dictator ruled with impunity, ignoring international laws.
Le dictateur a régné en toute impunité, ignorant les lois internationales.
B2 adjective /əˈfekʃənət/

Affectionate

affectueux; tendre; aimant; montrant de l'affection
Meaning
loving; caring; tender; showing affection
Example
She is very affectionate towards her children.
Elle est très affectueuse envers ses enfants.
C1 noun /ˈɡær.ɪ.sən/

garrison

garnison
Meaning
A body of troops stationed in a particular location, usually to defend it.
Example
The garrison defended the fortress against the invaders.
La garnison a défendu la forteresse contre les envahisseurs.
C2 noun /ˌtɜːdʒɪvərˈseɪʃən/

tergiversation

évasion, retournement
Meaning
Evasion of straightforward action or speech; changing sides or being inconsistent.
Example
The politician’s tergiversation frustrated his supporters.
La tergiversation du politicien a frustré ses partisans.
C2 noun /ˌmɪsˈnoʊmər/

misnomer

mauvais nom
Meaning
A wrong or inaccurate name or designation.
Example
Calling the tiny dog a 'giant' is a misnomer.
Appeler le petit chien un 'géant' est un mauvais nom.
B2 adverb /ˈsiː.krət.li/

secretly

secrètement
Meaning
in a way that is hidden or not known by others
Example
She secretly planned a surprise party for her friend.
Elle a secrètement planifié une fête surprise pour son amie.
C2 verb /ˌʌndərˈɡɜːrd/

undergird

soutenir, renforcer
Meaning
to provide support or foundation for; to strengthen
Example
Strong values undergird a healthy society.
Les valeurs fortes soutiennent une société saine.
C2 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəbl/

remediable

réparable
Meaning
capable of being corrected or cured
Example
The mistake was serious but still remediable.
L'erreur était grave mais encore réparable.
A1 verb /sɪt/

sit

s'asseoir
Meaning
to rest in a seated position; to be located
Example
Please sit down and make yourself comfortable.
S'il vous plaît, asseyez-vous et mettez-vous à l'aise.
B2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mæks/

Climax

point culminant
Meaning
the most intense, exciting, or important point of something; the highest or most intense point in a process
Example
The movie reached its climax during the final battle scene.
Le film a atteint son point culminant lors de la scène finale de la bataille.
A2 adjective /ˈpɜːrfɪkt/

Perfect

parfait; impeccable; excellent
Meaning
flawless; excellent; without fault
Example
She delivered a perfect performance on stage.
Elle a donné une performance parfaite sur scène.
B2 adjective /ˈfruːt.fəl/

Fruitful

fructueux; bénéfique; réussi;
Meaning
productive; beneficial; successful;
Example
Our discussion was very fruitful and led to many new ideas.
Notre discussion a été très fructueuse et a conduit à de nombreuses nouvelles idées.
B2 noun /ˈfrɛʃnəs/

freshness

fraîcheur
Meaning
The quality of being new, clean, and full of energy.
Example
The freshness of the morning air made everyone feel alive.
La fraîcheur de l'air du matin a fait en sorte que tout le monde se sente vivant.
B2 noun ˈprɑː.sest fuːdz

processed foods

aliments transformés
Meaning
Foods that have been altered from their natural state through various methods such as canning, freezing, refrigeration, dehydration and aseptic processing.
Example
Excessive consumption of processed foods leads to health issues.
La consommation excessive d'aliments transformés entraîne des problèmes de santé.
B1 adjective /dɪsˈɒnəst/

Dishonest

malhonnête; frauduleux; trompeur
Meaning
not honest; fraudulent; deceitful
Example
The dishonest salesman tried to sell them a broken car.
Le vendeur malhonnête a essayé de leur vendre une voiture cassée.
C1 verb /hɔːl/

haul

traîner
Meaning
to pull or drag something heavy with effort
Example
The workers hauled the boxes into the truck.
Les travailleurs ont traîné les boîtes dans le camion.
C2 noun /ænˈtɪlədʒi/

antilogy

antilogie
Meaning
A contradiction in terms or ideas; inconsistency in speech or writing.
Example
The politician's statement was criticized for its antilogy.
La déclaration du politicien a été critiquée pour son antilogie.
B2 adverb /ˈfɔːrməli/

formally

formellement
Meaning
in a formal or official manner; according to established rules or conventions
Example
The agreement was formally signed by both parties.
L'accord a été formellement signé par les deux parties.
C2 noun phrase /ˌhjuː ən ˈkraɪ/

hue and cry

cris de protestation
Meaning
A loud public outcry or protest, often demanding action.
Example
There was a hue and cry over the new policy changes.
Il y a eu un grand cri de protestation suite aux nouveaux changements de politique.
B2 adjective /hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/

holistic

holistique
Meaning
Understanding or analyzing something through a comprehensive, integrated whole perspective.
Example
A holistic approach to health considers both body and mind.
Une approche holistique de la santé prend en compte à la fois le corps et l'esprit.
C2 adjective /ˈɡʌstəˌtɔːri/

gustatory

gustatif
Meaning
relating to the sense of taste
Example
The restaurant offered a gustatory experience unlike any other.
Le restaurant a offert une expérience gustative unique.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrəriz/

contraries

choses opposées
Meaning
things that are completely different or opposite to each other
Example
Freedom and slavery are contraries in every sense.
La liberté et l'esclavage sont des contraires dans tous les sens.
C1 noun ˌkɒm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən

computation

calcul
Meaning
The action of mathematical calculation.
Example
Complex computation is required for AI models.
Un calcul complexe est nécessaire pour les modèles d'IA.
B2 noun /koʊˈɪn.sɪ.dəns/

Coincidence

coïncidence
Meaning
a remarkable occurrence of events or circumstances without apparent causal connection; chance happening
Example
It was a strange coincidence that they both wore the same dress to the party.
C'était une étrange coïncidence qu'ils aient tous les deux porté la même robe à la fête.
C2 noun /kənˌɡlɒməˈreɪʃən/

conglomeration

conglomérat
Meaning
A collection or mixture of different things grouped together.
Example
The market is a conglomeration of small shops and food stalls.
Le marché est un conglomérat de petites boutiques et de stands de nourriture.
C2 verb /diːˈfrɑːk/

defrock

révoquer un prêtre de sa fonction
Meaning
to officially remove a priest or minister from their position and authority
Example
The church decided to defrock the priest after the scandal.
L'église a décidé de démettre le prêtre après le scandale.
B2 noun /ˈdɛsɪməl/

decimal

décimal
Meaning
A number system based on 10; a number expressed in the base-10 system.
Example
The number 0.75 is a decimal.
Le nombre 0.75 est un décimal.
B2 noun /ɡræm/

Gram

pois chiche
Meaning
chickpea; a leguminous plant and its edible seed
Example
She cooked gram curry for lunch today.
Elle a préparé du curry de pois chiches pour le déjeuner aujourd'hui.
C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl

imperturbable

imperturbable
Meaning
Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.
Example
His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.
Sa nature imperturbable faisait de lui un grand leader.
C2 noun /ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjʊəns/

discontinuance

discontinuité
Meaning
the act of stopping something, especially permanently
Example
The discontinuance of the service disappointed many customers.
L'interruption du service a déçu de nombreux clients.
C1 adjective /kəmˈpʌlsɪv/

compulsive

compulsif
Meaning
Resulting from or acting on an irresistible urge, especially one that is against one's conscious wishes.
Example
He is a compulsive gambler who cannot stop placing bets.
C'est un joueur compulsif qui ne peut pas arrêter de parier.
C1 noun /baʊt/

Bout

combat; lutte; période;
Meaning
a short period of intense activity of a specified kind; a wrestling or boxing match
Example
After a bout of illness, she finally recovered and returned to work.
Après une période de maladie, elle s'est finalement rétablie et est retournée au travail.
B1 noun /dəˈrɛktər/ or /daɪˈrɛktər/

director

directeur
Meaning
a person who manages or oversees a company, department, or film
Example
The director gave final approval for the new movie script.
Le directeur a donné son approbation finale pour le script du nouveau film.
C1 noun /ˈhjuːbrɪs/

hubris

hubris
Meaning
excessive pride or self-confidence
Example
His hubris led to his downfall.
Son hubris a conduit à sa chute.
B2 noun /speɪd/

Spade

bêche
Meaning
a tool with a flat blade for digging; a playing card suit
Example
The gardener used a spade to dig holes for planting flowers.
Le jardinier a utilisé une bêche pour creuser des trous pour planter des fleurs.
C2 noun /ˈtjuːtərʃɪp/

tutorship

tutorat
Meaning
The office or position of a tutor; guidance or instruction given by a tutor.
Example
He thrived under the tutorship of his mentor.
Il a prospéré sous le tutorat de son mentor.
C2 noun /ˈvɔːdəvɪl/

vaudeville

vaudeville
Meaning
A type of entertainment popular in the early 20th century, featuring a mixture of comedy, song, dance, and variety acts.
Example
The vaudeville show included comedians, magicians, and dancers.
Le spectacle de vaudeville comprenait des comédiens, des magiciens et des danseurs.
C2 adjective əˈsɪd.ju.əs

assiduous

assidu ou appliqué
Meaning
Showing great care and perseverance; diligent and hardworking.
Example
His assiduous efforts led to a successful career.
Ses efforts assidus l'ont conduit à une carrière réussie.
B2 adverb /ˈsiː.mɪŋ.li/

seemingly

apparemment, de manière apparemment calme
Meaning
appearing to be true, but not necessarily so
Example
He was seemingly calm despite the chaos around him.
Il était apparemment calme malgré le chaos autour de lui.
C1 verb /dɪˈteɪn/

detain

détenir
Meaning
to keep someone from proceeding; to hold back, especially by official authority
Example
The police detained the suspect for questioning.
La police a détenu le suspect pour l'interroger.
B1 noun /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/

operation

opération
Meaning
an act or process of functioning or operating
Example
The hospital performed a successful operation.
L'hôpital a effectué une opération réussie.
B2 verb /ʌnˈtaɪ/

untie

délier
Meaning
to loosen or remove a knot or binding; to release something that is tied
Example
She untied the rope to free the boat.
Elle a délié la corde pour libérer le bateau.
A1 interjection /haɪ/

hi

salut
Meaning
a friendly greeting used when meeting someone
Example
Hi, it's nice to meet you!
Salut, c'est un plaisir de te rencontrer !
C1 noun /ˈɔːnɪŋ/

awning

auvent
Meaning
a sheet of canvas or material stretched on a frame to shelter a place from the sun or rain
Example
We sat under the awning to avoid the heavy rain.
Nous nous sommes assis sous l'auvent pour éviter la forte pluie.
C1 noun /ˈdɛljuːdʒ/

deluge

inondation
Meaning
A severe flood; an overwhelming quantity of something.
Example
The town was hit by a deluge of rain in just a few hours.
La ville a été frappée par un déluge de pluie en quelques heures seulement.
A2 adjective /ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

expensive

cher
Meaning
costing a lot of money
Example
That car is too expensive for me to buy.
Cette voiture est trop chère pour que je l'achète.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/

imposing

imposant
Meaning
having an appearance that is grand, impressive, or commanding
Example
The castle is an imposing structure overlooking the valley.
Le château est une structure imposante qui surplombe la vallée.
C1 noun /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/

elevation

élévation
Meaning
The act of raising something to a higher position or level.
Example
The hikers reached a high elevation after hours of climbing.
Les randonneurs ont atteint une grande élévation après des heures de montée.
C2 noun /ˈbɒmbæst/

bombast

langage pompeux
Meaning
speech or writing that is overly pompous and inflated
Example
His campaign speech was full of bombast but lacked real substance.
Son discours de campagne était rempli de bombast mais manquait de véritable substance.
B2 noun /ˈvɜː.tʃuː/

Virtue

vertu; moralité; qualité utile
Meaning
behavior showing high moral standards; a good or useful quality of a thing
Example
Honesty is considered the highest virtue in many cultures.
L'honnêteté est considérée comme la plus haute vertu dans de nombreuses cultures.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrˌfɑːðər/

forefather

ancêtre
Meaning
an ancestor, especially one who was part of an earlier generation of a family or nation
Example
Our forefathers fought for independence.
Nos ancêtres ont lutté pour l'indépendance.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoi
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
Le convoi militaire a traversé le désert à l'aube.
A2 noun /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

Background

arrière-plan
Meaning
the circumstances or situation that form the setting; a person's education, experience, or social circumstances
Example
She has a strong background in mathematics and computer science.
Elle a un solide arrière-plan en mathématiques et en informatique.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌteɪkər/

undertaker

employé des pompes funèbres
Meaning
A person whose job is to prepare the dead for burial and arrange funerals.
Example
The undertaker prepared the body for the funeral service.
L'employé des pompes funèbres a préparé le corps pour le service funéraire.
C2 adjective /ˌpriːpəˈzɛsɪŋ/

prepossessing

attirant
Meaning
Attractive or appealing in appearance or manner.
Example
She had a prepossessing smile that charmed everyone.
Elle avait un sourire attrayant qui a charmé tout le monde.
B2 noun /kraɪst/

christ

Christ
Meaning
the title given to Jesus, considered the Messiah in Christianity
Example
Christ is central to Christian faith.
Le Christ est au centre de la foi chrétienne.
C1 noun /flʌks/

flux

flux
Meaning
continuous change or movement; the rate of flow of something
Example
The company was in a state of constant flux during the reorganization.
L'entreprise était dans un état de flux constant pendant la réorganisation.
B1 noun /fəˈsɪl.ɪ.ti/

facility

installation
Meaning
A place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose.
Example
The facility was well-maintained.
L'installation était bien entretenue.
A2 adverb /ˈhæpɪli/

happily

heureusement
Meaning
in a happy manner; with pleasure or satisfaction
Example
The children played happily in the garden.
Les enfants ont joué heureusement dans le jardin.
C1 noun /tækˈtɪʃ.ən/

tactician

stratège
Meaning
a person who is skilled at planning and achieving goals, especially in military or business
Example
Napoleon was a brilliant tactician.
Napoléon était un brillant tacticien.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈdjʊər.ɪŋ/

Enduring

durable; persistant; qui dure longtemps
Meaning
lasting; permanent; continuing for a long time
Example
Their enduring friendship lasted for decades.
Leur amitié durable a duré des décennies.
B1 noun /kɪk/

Kick

coup de pied; frappe avec le pied
Meaning
a blow or forceful thrust with the foot; a sudden strong feeling of excitement
Example
The soccer player scored a goal with a powerful kick from outside the penalty area.
Le joueur de football a marqué un but avec un puissant coup de pied depuis l'extérieur de la surface de réparation.
C1 noun /ˈrɛspɪt/

respite

répit
Meaning
A short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.
Example
The weekend provided a welcome respite from work.
Le week-end a offert un répit bienvenu du travail.
B1 adjective /ɪˈliː.ɡəl/

illegal

illégal
Meaning
Not allowed by law; unlawful.
Example
It is illegal to drive without a valid license.
Il est illégal de conduire sans une licence valide.
B1 adjective /bɔɪld/

Boiled

bouilli
Meaning
cooked in boiling water
Example
She served boiled eggs for breakfast.
Elle a servi des œufs bouillis pour le petit déjeuner.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/

deity

divinité
Meaning
a god or goddess
Example
The temple is dedicated to a Hindu deity.
Le temple est dédié à une divinité hindoue.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌl.ki/

Sulky

bougon et maussade; lunatique
Meaning
bad-tempered and sullen; moody
Example
The child became sulky when he couldn't get his favorite toy.
L'enfant est devenu bougon quand il n'a pas pu obtenir son jouet préféré.
B2 noun sɛlf rɪˈlaɪ.əns

self-reliance

autonomie
Meaning
Reliance on one's own powers and resources rather than those of others; independence.
Example
Self-reliance helps build confidence.
L'autonomie aide à construire la confiance.
B2 noun /ˈdʒæn.ɪ.tər/

Janitor

concierge, gardien de bâtiment
Meaning
a person employed to clean and maintain a building; a caretaker
Example
The school janitor worked late every evening to ensure the classrooms were spotless.
Le concierge de l'école travaillait tard chaque soir pour s'assurer que les salles de classe étaient impeccables.
C2 verb /ˈɑːskjʊleɪt/

osculate

embrasser
Meaning
To kiss.
Example
They osculated under the mistletoe during the party.
Ils se sont embrassés sous le gui pendant la fête.
B1 verb /fəʊld/

fold

plier
Meaning
to bend something, especially paper or cloth, so that one part covers another
Example
She folded the letter neatly before placing it in the envelope.
Elle a plié la lettre soigneusement avant de la placer dans l'enveloppe.
B2 noun /ˈpraɪ.vət ˈtuː.tər/

Private tutor

tuteur privé
Meaning
a teacher who gives individual instruction to a student outside of regular school
Example
The private tutor helped the student improve his math skills.
Le tuteur privé a aidé l'étudiant à améliorer ses compétences en mathématiques.
C2 noun /hæˈʃiːʃ/

hashish

hachisch
Meaning
a drug made from the resin of the cannabis plant
Example
The police arrested him for possessing hashish.
La police l'a arrêté pour possession de hachisch.
C1 verb /ˈskʌt.əl/

scuttle

bonheur
Meaning
To run hurriedly with short, quick steps; or to deliberately sink a ship.
Example
The children scuttled back to their seats when the teacher entered.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur quand elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˌvəʊ.kəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

vocalization

vocalisation, expression des pensées ou sentiments en mots parlés
Meaning
The action of producing sounds with the voice; the expression of thoughts or feelings in spoken words.
Example
The vocalization of the singer captivated the audience.
La vocalisation du chanteur a captivé le public.
C1 verb /ɔːˈθɛntɪkeɪt/

authenticate

authentifier
Meaning
To prove or show that something is genuine or true.
Example
The bank uses advanced technology to authenticate online transactions.
La banque utilise une technologie avancée pour authentifier les transactions en ligne.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈstændɪŋ/

standing

position / réputation
Meaning
status, reputation, or position; also the act of being upright on the feet
Example
He has high standing in the community for his charity work.
Il a une haute réputation dans la communauté pour son travail de charité.
C2 noun ˌsaɪ.bəˈnet.ɪks

cybernetics

cybernétique
Meaning
The science of communications and automatic control systems in both machines and living things.
Example
Cybernetics plays a crucial role in artificial intelligence.
La cybernétique joue un rôle crucial dans l'intelligence artificielle.
B2 adjective /ˌʌnkənˈvɪnsɪŋ/

Unconvincing

invraisemblable
Meaning
failing to persuade or impress; not believable or credible
Example
His excuse for being late was completely unconvincing.
Son excuse pour être en retard était complètement invraisemblable.
B1 noun /ˈɔːfɪsər/

officer

officier
Meaning
a person in a position of authority, especially in law enforcement
Example
The officer gave him a ticket for speeding.
L'officier lui a donné une amende pour excès de vitesse.
C1 adjective ʌnˈmætʃt

unmatched

incomparable
Meaning
Not equaled or rivaled by any other; without equal.
Example
The freedom fighters showed unmatched bravery.
Les combattants de la liberté ont montré un courage incomparable.
A2 noun; verb /tʃæt/

chat

discussion
Meaning
an informal conversation; to talk in a friendly, informal way
Example
We had a long chat after dinner.
Nous avons eu une longue discussion après le dîner.
C2 adjective /ɒmˈnɪʃ.ənt/

Omniscient

omniscient
Meaning
having complete knowledge; all-knowing
Example
The narrator in the novel appears to be omniscient, knowing every character's thoughts.
Le narrateur dans le roman semble être omniscient, connaissant toutes les pensées des personnages.
B2 noun /ɪsˈlɑːm/

islam

religion islamique
Meaning
the religion founded by the Prophet Muhammad, based on belief in one God (Allah)
Example
Islam emphasizes peace, justice, and compassion.
L'Islam met l'accent sur la paix, la justice et la compassion.
C2 noun /ˈtʃæt.əl/

chattel

bien meuble / propriété personnelle
Meaning
a personal possession; historically, movable property including slaves
Example
In the past, slaves were considered the chattel of their owners.
Dans le passé, les esclaves étaient considérés comme la propriété personnelle de leurs propriétaires.
C1 noun ˈkɔː.pəs

corpus

une grande collection de données linguistiques utilisées pour l'analyse du langage
Meaning
A large collection of linguistic data used for language analysis and research.
Example
Linguists use a corpus to analyze language patterns.
Les linguistes utilisent un corpus pour analyser les modèles linguistiques.
A2 adjective /rɪtʃ/

Rich

riche; fortuné; précieux
Meaning
having a lot of money or valuable possessions; abundant in nutrients or flavor
Example
The rich businessman donated money to the charity.
Le riche homme d'affaires a fait un don à la charité.
C1 adjective /ədˈhiːsɪv/

Adhesive

collant
Meaning
আঠালো; চটচটে;
Example
The adhesive tape stuck firmly to the wall.
Le ruban adhésif s'est fixé fermement au mur.
C1 noun /ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl ˈfɑː.mɪŋ/

vertical farming

agriculture verticale
Meaning
The practice of growing crops in vertically stacked layers, often incorporating controlled-environment agriculture.
Example
Vertical farming ensures maximum space utilization in urban areas.
L'agriculture verticale garantit une utilisation maximale de l'espace dans les zones urbaines.
A2 verb /əˈnɔɪ/

annoy

énerver
Meaning
to irritate or bother someone and make them feel a little angry or uncomfortable
Example
His constant humming started to annoy everyone in the room.
Son bourdonnement constant a commencé à énerver tout le monde dans la pièce.
B2 verb /pɪəs/

pierce

percer
Meaning
to make a hole through something; to penetrate with a sharp object
Example
The arrow will pierce through the target.
La flèche percera la cible.
C2 verb /trəˈdjuːs/

traduce

diffamer
Meaning
To speak badly of someone or tell lies to damage their reputation.
Example
He was furious when he found out that his rivals had traduced him.
Il était furieux quand il a découvert que ses rivaux l'avaient diffamé.
C1 noun /ˈpɔɪ.nən.si/

poignancy

tristesse, douleur
Meaning
the quality of evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret; emotionally touching
Example
The poignancy of the farewell brought tears to everyone's eyes.
La tristesse de l'adieu a fait couler des larmes dans les yeux de tout le monde.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfjuːsɪv/

effusive

effusif
Meaning
Expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.
Example
She gave him an effusive welcome after his long journey.
Elle lui a réservé un accueil effusif après son long voyage.
C1 noun /trænsˈɡrɛʃən/

transgression

transgression, infraction
Meaning
an act that goes against a law, rule, or code of conduct; a violation or sin
Example
The court forgave his first transgression but warned him not to repeat it.
Le tribunal a pardonné sa première transgression, mais l'a averti de ne pas la répéter.
C2 noun /ɪˌkliːziˈæstɪk/

ecclesiastic

ecclésiastique
Meaning
A member of the clergy or church official.
Example
The council was attended by several high-ranking ecclesiastics.
Le conseil a été assisté par plusieurs ecclésiastiques de haut rang.
A1 noun /wɛst/

west

ouest
Meaning
the direction to the left of the north and to the right of the south, typically associated with the sunset
Example
The sun sets in the west.
Le soleil se couche à l'ouest.
C1 noun /ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

deprivation

privation, pénurie, manque
Meaning
The damaging lack of material benefits considered to be basic necessities in a society.
Example
Sleep deprivation affects cognitive function.
La privation de sommeil affecte la fonction cognitive.
C1 adjective /ˈæʃən/

ashen

pâle
Meaning
Very pale in appearance, often due to shock, fear, or illness.
Example
His face turned ashen when he heard the terrible news.
Son visage est devenu pâle lorsqu'il a entendu la terrible nouvelle.
C1 noun /hɔːrd/

horde

horde
Meaning
A large group or crowd, especially one that is disorderly or difficult to control.
Example
A horde of fans gathered outside the stadium.
Une horde de fans s'est rassemblée devant le stade.
C2 noun əˌmæl.ɡəˈmeɪ.ʃən

amalgamation

fusion, amalgame, intégration
Meaning
The action, process, or result of combining or uniting.
Example
The amalgamation of AI and big data is transforming industries.
La fusion de l'IA et des grandes données transforme les industries.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/

incidental

incidentel
Meaning
happening as a minor part or in connection with something else
Example
Incidental expenses like snacks and tips were included in the bill.
Les dépenses incidentelles comme les collations et les pourboires ont été incluses dans la facture.
A2 adjective /ˈsɛvənθ/

seventh

septième
Meaning
constituting number seven in a sequence; coming after the sixth
Example
Her birthday is on the seventh of July.
Son anniversaire est le septième juillet.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈluːʃən/

dissolution

dissolution
Meaning
the act of formally ending or breaking apart something, such as an organization or marriage
Example
The dissolution of the company was announced yesterday.
La dissolution de l'entreprise a été annoncée hier.
C1 verb /ɪnˈʃraɪn/

enshrine

préserver ou chérir quelque chose comme sacré ou important
Meaning
to preserve or cherish something as sacred or important
Example
The constitution enshrines the right to freedom of speech.
La constitution consacre le droit à la liberté d'expression.
B2 noun /ˈsiː.mən/

Seaman

marin
Meaning
a person who works on a ship; sailor
Example
The experienced seaman navigated the ship through the storm.
Le marin expérimenté a navigué le bateau à travers la tempête.
B2 verb /ˌʌndərˈmaɪn/

undermine

saper
Meaning
to gradually weaken or damage something or someone
Example
Constant criticism can undermine a child's confidence.
Les critiques constantes peuvent saper la confiance d'un enfant.