hard-hearted
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C1 adjective /ˌhɑːrdˈhɑːrtɪd/

hard-hearted

insensible
Meaning
showing no kindness or sympathy; cruel
Example
The landlord was hard-hearted and refused to help the poor family.
Le propriétaire était insensible et a refusé d'aider la pauvre famille.
A1 verb /spik/

speak

parler
Meaning
to say words; to communicate verbally
Example
She can speak three languages fluently.
Elle peut parler couramment trois langues.
A2 adjective /ˈjuːs.ləs/

Useless

inutile
Meaning
having no beneficial purpose; not useful
Example
This broken computer is completely useless.
Cet ordinateur cassé est complètement inutile.
C2 adjective /ˈprɛfətɔːri/

prefatory

prélude
Meaning
serving as an introduction or preface
Example
He made some prefatory remarks before the lecture began.
Il a fait quelques remarques préliminaires avant que la conférence ne commence.
C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

brader
Meaning
to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort
Example
Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.
Ne fais pas d'économie sur la qualité lorsque tu achètes un nouvel ordinateur portable.
C2 noun /ˌmɑːrtəˈnɛt/

martinet

un tyran
Meaning
A strict disciplinarian who demands rigid adherence to rules.
Example
The new manager was such a martinet that even minor infractions were punished.
Le nouveau gestionnaire était un martinet au point que même les infractions mineures étaient punies.
B1 verb /ˈveri/

vary

varier
Meaning
to change or differ; to make different
Example
The weather conditions vary throughout the day.
Les conditions météorologiques varient tout au long de la journée.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔːri/

inflammatory

bonheur
Meaning
causing inflammation in the body; arousing anger, hostility, or strong emotion
Example
His inflammatory speech triggered protests across the city.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
B1 verb /weɪk/

wake

réveiller
Meaning
to stop sleeping; to become alert
Example
I wake up at 7 AM every morning.
Je me réveille à 7 heures tous les matins.
C1 adjective /ˈraɪ.tʃəs/

Righteous

vertueux; juste; moral
Meaning
morally right or justifiable; virtuous; having strong moral principles
Example
She felt righteous anger at the unfair treatment of workers.
Elle a ressenti une colère juste face au traitement injuste des travailleurs.
C1 noun /ˌplɔː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

plausibility

plausibilité
Meaning
The quality of being reasonable or probable.
Example
The plausibility of his explanation convinced the jury.
La plausibilité de son explication a convaincu le jury.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈkriːsɪŋli/

increasingly

de plus en plus
Meaning
more and more over time
Example
People are increasingly concerned about climate change.
Les gens sont de plus en plus préoccupés par le changement climatique.
C1 adjective /ˈfruːt.ləs/

Fruitless

inutile; vain; futile;
Meaning
unsuccessful; futile; pointless;
Example
After hours of searching, their efforts proved fruitless.
Après des heures de recherche, leurs efforts se sont avérés inutiles.
B2 noun /səˈnɛərioʊ/

scenario

situation possible
Meaning
a possible situation or sequence of events
Example
The company prepared for the worst-case scenario.
L'entreprise s'est préparée au pire scénario.
C1 adjective /rɪˈɡrɛtfəl/

regretful

regrettable
Meaning
feeling or showing sadness or disappointment about something that has happened or been done
Example
She gave him a regretful smile as she turned away.
Elle lui offrit un sourire regrettable alors qu'elle s'éloignait.
C1 noun moʊst ˈvʌlnərəbəl ˈneɪʃən

most vulnerable nation

nation la plus vulnérable
Meaning
A country that is highly exposed to risks and lacks adequate protection or resilience.
Example
Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable nations to climate change.
Le Bangladesh est l'un des pays les plus vulnérables aux changements climatiques.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈsuːsiənt/

insouciant

insouciant
Meaning
Showing a casual lack of concern; carefree.
Example
He gave an insouciant shrug and walked away.
Il a haussé les épaules de manière insouciante et est parti.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

grognon
Meaning
bad-tempered and unfriendly
Example
The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.
Le serveur nous a lancé un regard grognon lorsque nous avons demandé plus d'eau.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

repos
Meaning
a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position
Example
After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.
Après le long voyage, elle chercha le repos dans le jardin tranquille.
C2 verb /ˈkænənaɪz/

canonize

canoniser
Meaning
To officially declare a dead person a saint; to regard as great or significant.
Example
The church canonized the martyr after years of investigation.
L'église a canonisé le martyr après des années d'enquête.
C1 verb /prɪˈzaɪd/

preside

présider
Meaning
to be in charge of a meeting, event, or organization
Example
She will preside over the meeting tomorrow.
Elle présidera la réunion demain.
C2 noun /səbˈdʌk.ʃən/

subduction

Le mouvement latéral et vers le bas d'une couche de la croûte terrestre dans le manteau sous une autre plaque.
Meaning
The lateral and downward movement of the edge of a plate of the earth's crust into the mantle beneath another plate.
Example
The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area of intense subduction.
La ceinture de feu du Pacifique est une zone de subduction intense.
C2 noun /ˈjɪərlɪŋ/

yearling

un animal d'un an, surtout un cheval
Meaning
an animal that is one year old, especially a horse
Example
The farmer sold the yearling at the livestock market.
Le fermier a vendu le yearling au marché du bétail.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdɔːrs/

endorse

approuver
Meaning
To give approval or support to someone or something; to publicly recommend.
Example
The celebrity endorsed the new skincare product.
La célébrité a approuvé le nouveau produit de soin de la peau.
C2 noun /ˈkrɛməˌtɔːri/

crematory

crématorium
Meaning
a place where dead bodies are cremated
Example
The crematory was located near the cemetery.
Le crématorium était situé près du cimetière.
B2 noun /ˈkwɪə.ri/

Query

question; demande d'information;
Meaning
a question or inquiry; a request for information
Example
I have a query about the new policy changes in the company.
J'ai une question sur les nouveaux changements de politique dans l'entreprise.
B2 noun /ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃər/

expenditure

dépense
Meaning
The action of spending funds; an amount of money spent.
Example
Managing expenditure is critical for budgeting.
Gérer les dépenses est essentiel pour établir un budget.
C2 noun /ˈhɒthɛd/

hothead

personne impulsive
Meaning
a person who acts quickly and without thinking when angry
Example
He is such a hothead that he often starts arguments.
Il est tellement impulsif qu'il commence souvent des disputes.
A1 noun /ˈfɑːðər/

father

bonheur
Meaning
A male parent of a child.
Example
His father taught him how to ride a bicycle.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 noun /ɪnˈvaɪtər/

invitor

invitant
Meaning
a person who invites someone to an event, meeting, or place
Example
The invitor greeted all the guests warmly at the entrance.
L’invitant a accueilli les invités à l’entrée.
A1 noun /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/

Potato

pomme de terre
Meaning
a round white vegetable with a brown or red skin that grows underground
Example
She boiled potatoes for dinner.
Elle a fait bouillir des pommes de terre pour le dîner.
C2 noun /ˈæmpərˌsænd/

ampersand

esperluette
Meaning
The symbol '&' used to represent the word 'and'.
Example
Use an ampersand instead of writing the word 'and' in the company name.
Utilisez une esperluette au lieu d'écrire le mot 'et' dans le nom de l'entreprise.
C2 noun /ˌmɪn.ɪˈstreɪ.ʃən/

ministration

service
Meaning
The act of providing care, assistance, or religious service.
Example
She recovered thanks to the kind ministrations of the nurses.
Elle s'est rétablie grâce aux gentilles ministrations des infirmières.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsələr/

counsellor

conseiller
Meaning
a person trained to give guidance on personal, social, or psychological problems; an advisor
Example
She spoke to a counsellor to get advice about her career.
Elle a parlé à un conseiller pour obtenir des conseils sur sa carrière.
B2 adverb /ˈfeɪθ.fəl.i/

Faithfully

fidèlement
Meaning
in a loyal and steadfast manner; with dedication
Example
She faithfully attended every meeting despite her busy schedule.
Elle assista fidèlement à toutes les réunions malgré son emploi du temps chargé.
C2 adjective /ˈhoʊm.spʌn/

homespun

fait maison
Meaning
Simple and unsophisticated; made at home rather than in a factory.
Example
She wore a homespun dress to the village festival.
Elle portait une robe faite maison au festival du village.
B2 noun /ˈfrʌn.tɪər/

frontier

frontière ou nouveau domaine
Meaning
A new area of activity, knowledge, or development; the edge of knowledge or achievement.
Example
Robotic surgery is exploring a new frontier in medicine.
La chirurgie robotique explore une nouvelle frontière en médecine.
B2 noun /dɪˈsen.dənt/

Descendant

descendant
Meaning
a person who is descended from a particular ancestor; offspring of a later generation
Example
She discovered that she was a descendant of European royalty through genealogy research.
Elle a découvert qu'elle était une descendante de la royauté européenne grâce à la recherche généalogique.
C1 noun /ʃɑːrd/

shard

éclat
Meaning
a broken piece of glass, metal, or pottery
Example
He cut his finger on a shard of glass.
Il s'est coupé le doigt avec un éclat de verre.
B2 adjective ˈhæzədəs

hazardous

dangereux
Meaning
Dangerous, risky, or potentially harmful
Example
Hazardous pollutants increase health risks.
Les polluants dangereux augmentent les risques pour la santé.
C2 verb /skwɛltʃ/

squelch

faire un bruit mou, comme marcher dans la boue; réprimer ou faire taire
Meaning
to make a soft sucking sound, such as when walking on mud; to suppress or silence
Example
His boots squelched in the wet ground.
Ses bottes faisaient un bruit de squelch sur le sol mouillé.
C1 adjective /skænt/

Scant

insuffisant
Meaning
barely sufficient; inadequate; small in amount
Example
There was scant evidence to support his claim.
Il y avait peu de preuves pour soutenir sa réclamation.
A2 noun /ˈnɛtˌwɜrk/

network

réseau
Meaning
A system of interconnected people, things, or computers.
Example
She built a strong professional network.
Elle a créé un réseau professionnel solide.
B1 noun /dʒʌɡ/

Jug

pichet
Meaning
a large container for liquids, with a narrow mouth and a handle
Example
She poured fresh orange juice from the glass jug into her cup.
Elle versa du jus d'orange frais du pichet en verre dans sa tasse.
C2 noun /ˌtrænsfəˈriː/

transferee

cessionnaire
Meaning
A person to whom a right, property, or responsibility is transferred.
Example
The transferee must sign the contract before taking ownership.
Le cessionnaire doit signer le contrat avant de prendre possession.
B2 adverb /ˈnæʃənəli/

nationally

au niveau national
Meaning
at the level of a whole nation; in a way that involves or affects an entire country
Example
The policy was implemented nationally to ensure equal benefits for all citizens.
La politique a été mise en œuvre au niveau national pour assurer des avantages égaux à tous les citoyens.
C1 noun /sʌˈmeɪʃən/

summation

somme, résumé
Meaning
The process of adding things together; a summary of points.
Example
The lawyer gave a powerful summation of the case.
L'avocat a donné un puissant résumé de l'affaire.
B1 noun, verb /ʃeɪd/

shade

ombre
Meaning
a sheltered or darker area where direct light is blocked; to block light from something
Example
We sat under the tree for some shade.
Nous nous sommes assis sous l'arbre pour un peu d'ombre.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈfɜːrnəl/

infernal

infernal
Meaning
relating to hell; extremely troublesome or annoying
Example
The workers complained about the infernal noise from the construction site.
Les travailleurs se sont plaints du bruit infernal provenant du site de construction.
B2 noun /ˈɒt.ər/

Otter

loutre
Meaning
a mammal with webbed feet that lives near water and feeds on fish
Example
The playful otter swam gracefully in the river.
La loutre joueuse nageait gracieusement dans la rivière.
A2 noun /ˌænɪˈvɜːrsəri/

anniversary

anniversaire
Meaning
the yearly recurrence of a date marking a past event
Example
They celebrated their wedding anniversary with a dinner.
Ils ont célébré leur anniversaire de mariage avec un dîner.
A2 adjective /ˌjʊərəˈpiːən/

european

européen
Meaning
Relating to Europe or its people.
Example
She studied European history at university.
Elle a étudié l'histoire européenne à l'université.
B2 verb /ˈkɒntəmpleɪt/

contemplate

contempler
Meaning
to think deeply and carefully about something; to consider thoughtfully
Example
She sat quietly to contemplate her future plans.
Elle s'est assise en silence pour contempler ses projets futurs.
B2 adjective /ˈpær.ə.lel/

Parallel

parallèle
Meaning
side by side and having the same distance continuously between them; similar or corresponding
Example
The two roads run parallel to each other for several miles.
Les deux routes courent parallèles l'une à l'autre sur plusieurs miles.
B2 noun /ˈwʊd.pek.ər/

Woodpecker

pic-vert
Meaning
a bird that pecks at tree bark to find insects and create nesting holes
Example
The woodpecker hammered against the oak tree.
Le pic-vert a frappé contre le chêne.
C2 noun /hʌsk/

husk

enveloppe
Meaning
the dry outer covering of some fruits or seeds
Example
The corn husk was peeled away before cooking.
L'enveloppe de maïs a été pelée avant la cuisson.
C1 noun /ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt/

affidavit

déclaration sous serment
Meaning
a written statement confirmed by oath or affirmation, used as evidence in court
Example
The witness submitted an affidavit to the court.
Le témoin a soumis un affidavit au tribunal.
B2 noun /kəˈkeɪn/

cocaine

cocaïne (drogue)
Meaning
a powerful and addictive illegal drug made from coca leaves
Example
He was arrested for possessing cocaine.
Il a été arrêté pour possession de cocaïne.
B2 adverb /ˌfɜːrðərˈmɔːr/

furthermore

de plus
Meaning
Used to introduce an additional point or idea; in addition.
Example
The plan is simple and, furthermore, it is affordable.
Le plan est simple et, de plus, il est abordable.
B2 verb /siːs/

cease

cesser
Meaning
to bring or come to an end; to stop doing something
Example
The noise ceased as soon as the children went inside.
Le bruit cessa dès que les enfants sont entrés à l'intérieur.
C2 adjective /dɪˈklæməˌtɔri/

declamatory

style déclamatoire
Meaning
speaking in a loud, rhetorical, or dramatic way
Example
The politician’s declamatory style impressed some but irritated others.
Le style déclamatoire du politicien a impressionné certains, mais irrité d'autres.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈmɑː.səˌnɛr.i/

eleemosynary

charitable
Meaning
Relating to charity; dependent on or supported by charity.
Example
The hospital was founded as an eleemosynary institution.
L'hôpital a été fondé en tant qu'institution charitable.
C1 noun /woʊz/

woes

soucis
Meaning
great sorrow or distress; troubles
Example
The company faced financial woes after the market crash.
L'entreprise a fait face à des difficultés financières après l'effondrement du marché.
B2 noun /ˌædməˈreɪʃən/

admiration

admiration
Meaning
a feeling of respect, pleasure, or approval for someone or something
Example
She felt great admiration for her teacher’s dedication.
Elle ressentait une grande admiration pour son professeur.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈseɪk/

forsake

abandonner
Meaning
to abandon or give up something or someone
Example
He decided not to forsake his old friends despite his success.
Il a décidé de ne pas abandonner ses vieux amis malgré son succès.
B2 noun /ˈɡreɪt.fəl.nəs/

Gratefulness

reconnaissance
Meaning
the quality of being thankful; readiness to show appreciation for kindness
Example
She expressed her gratefulness to the doctors who saved her life.
elle a exprimé sa reconnaissance aux médecins qui lui ont sauvé la vie.
A2 noun dɪˈskʌʃ.ənz

discussions

discussions
Meaning
The action or process of talking about something in order to reach a decision or to exchange ideas.
Example
Discussions promote collaboration.
Les discussions favorisent la collaboration.
B2 noun /ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃən/

immigration

immigration
Meaning
the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
Example
Immigration policies vary from country to country.
Les politiques d'immigration varient d'un pays à l'autre.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagration

grand incendie destructeur
Meaning
A large, destructive fire that destroys a great deal of land or property.
Example
The forest was devastated by a massive conflagration that lasted for days.
La forêt a été dévastée par un énorme incendie qui a duré plusieurs jours.
C1 /splɪnt/

splint

attelle
Meaning
A rigid device used to support and immobilize a broken or injured body part.
Example
The doctor applied a splint to stabilize the patient's broken arm.
Le médecin a appliqué une attelle pour stabiliser le bras cassé du patient.
C2 noun /ˈmʌŋɡrəl/

mongrel

chien bâtard
Meaning
A dog of mixed breed; sometimes used to describe something mixed or of inferior quality.
Example
The stray dog was a friendly mongrel.
Le chien errant était un chien bâtard amical.
B2 noun /rʌʃ/

Rush

ruée; précipitation
Meaning
a sudden quick movement toward something; a period of great activity or demand; hurry
Example
There was a rush to buy tickets for the concert.
Il y a eu une ruée pour acheter des billets pour le concert.
A2 verb /ɪkˈsaɪt/

excite

exciter
Meaning
to cause strong feelings of enthusiasm or eagerness
Example
The idea of traveling abroad excites her.
L'idée de voyager à l'étranger l'excite.
C1 noun /ˈdʒiː.nəs/

genus

genre
Meaning
a category in biological classification ranking above species and below family
Example
The tiger belongs to the genus Panthera.
Le tigre appartient au genre Panthera.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪktəˈtɔːriəl/

dictatorial

dictatorial
Meaning
Having or showing a tendency to tell people what to do in an autocratic way.
Example
His dictatorial style made him unpopular among colleagues.
Son style dictatorial le rendait impopulaire parmi ses collègues.
B2 noun /bleɪd/

Blade

lame
Meaning
a sharp flat cutting edge of a knife, sword, or tool
Example
The blade of the knife needs to be sharpened.
La lame du couteau doit être aiguisée.
C1 noun /ˈprɛljuːd/

prelude

prélude
Meaning
An action, event, or statement that serves as an introduction to something more important.
Example
The small fight was only a prelude to a bigger conflict.
La petite bagarre n'était qu'un prélude à un plus grand conflit.
B1 noun /ˌsaʊθˈwɛst/

southwest

sud-ouest
Meaning
the direction that is between south and west; a region in that direction
Example
They traveled to the southwest of the country for their vacation.
Ils ont voyagé au sud-ouest du pays pour leurs vacances.
B2 noun ˌsensɪˈtɪvɪti

sensitivity

sensibilité
Meaning
The quality or condition of being sensitive; responsiveness to stimuli.
Example
Bose proved plant sensitivity through experiments.
Bose a prouvé la sensibilité des plantes par des expériences.
C1 noun /ɡeɪdʒ/

Gauge

mesureur
Meaning
an instrument for measuring the magnitude, amount, or contents of something
Example
The pressure gauge showed the tank was full.
Le manomètre a montré que le réservoir était plein.
B2 adjective ʌnˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd

unprecedented

sans précédent
Meaning
Never done or known before; without previous example.
Example
Unprecedented advancements in science changed human lives.
Les avancées sans précédent en science ont changé la vie humaine.
C2 noun /ɪˈskʌtʃən/

escutcheon

écusson ou blason portant un blason familial
Meaning
a shield or emblem bearing a coat of arms
Example
The family crest was displayed on the escutcheon above the fireplace.
Le blason familial était affiché sur l'écusson au-dessus de la cheminée.
C1 noun /ˈɑːrdər/

ardor

passion, enthousiasme
Meaning
Great enthusiasm or passion.
Example
She spoke with ardor about her new project.
Elle parlait avec ardeur de son nouveau projet.
C2 noun /ˈlɔːndrəs/

laundress

blanchisseuse
Meaning
A woman whose job is washing clothes and linens.
Example
The laundress delivered the freshly cleaned clothes to the household.
La blanchisseuse a livré les vêtements fraîchement lavés à la maison.
C1 adjective /ˈriː.fleks/

Reflex

réflexe
Meaning
an action performed without conscious thought; relating to reflection
Example
The doctor tested her reflex response by tapping her knee.
Le médecin a testé sa réponse réflexe en tapotant son genou.
A1 noun /ˈsɛvən/

seven

sept
Meaning
the number following six and preceding eight
Example
She has seven apples in her basket.
Elle a sept pommes dans son panier.
B1 noun /ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

Spinach

épinard
Meaning
a vegetable with large dark green leaves that are eaten cooked or uncooked
Example
Fresh spinach is very nutritious.
Les épinards frais sont très nutritifs.
A2 adverb /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

Now-a-days

De nos jours; actuellement
Meaning
at the present time; in these times
Example
Now-a-days, people prefer online shopping.
De nos jours, les gens préfèrent les achats en ligne.
C1 noun /ˈwɔː.tər ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

Water Spinach

épinard d'eau
Meaning
A semi-aquatic leafy vegetable with hollow stems, popular in Asian cuisine
Example
Water spinach grows well in wet soil.
L'épinard d'eau pousse bien dans les sols humides.
C2 verb /sʌbˈtɛnd/

subtend

sous-tendre
Meaning
To extend across or form an angle at a particular point, often used in geometry.
Example
The arc subtends a 60-degree angle at the center of the circle.
L'arc sous-tend un angle de 60 degrés au centre du cercle.
B1 adverb /səkˈsɛsfəli/

successfully

avec succès
Meaning
in a way that achieves a desired result
Example
She passed the exam successfully after weeks of studying.
Elle a réussi l'examen avec succès après des semaines d'études.
C2 noun /riːm/

ream

rame
Meaning
A large quantity of paper (typically 500 sheets); informally, a large amount of something.
Example
The office ordered ten reams of paper.
Le bureau a commandé dix rames de papier.
C1 noun /ˈkɒmən kɑːp/

Common Carp

carpe commune
Meaning
A large freshwater fish widely cultivated for food
Example
Common carp is an important fish in aquaculture.
La carpe commune est un poisson important en aquaculture.
B2 adjective /ˈaɪ.dəl/

Idle

paresseux; inactif; ne travaillant pas
Meaning
lazy; inactive; not working or being used
Example
The factory workers were idle during the strike.
Les ouvriers de l'usine étaient inactifs pendant la grève.
B1 noun /roʊˈmæns/

Romance

romance
Meaning
a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love; a love affair or relationship
Example
Their romance began when they met at the university library.
Leur romance a commencé lorsqu'ils se sont rencontrés à la bibliothèque universitaire.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

pénitence
Meaning
The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.
Ses yeux étaient pleins de pénitence après avoir réalisé son erreur.
C2 noun /bʊr/

Boor

personne grossière; rustre
Meaning
a rough and bad-mannered person; someone who lacks refinement or culture
Example
The wealthy businessman was actually a boor who showed no respect for others.
L'homme d'affaires riche était en fait un rustre qui ne montrait aucun respect envers les autres.
B2 noun /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃənz/

notifications

notifications
Meaning
A notice or announcement, especially an official one.
Example
Turn off notifications to stay focused.
Désactivez les notifications pour rester concentré.
C1 noun /ˈdʒʌŋk.tʃər/

Juncture

moment crucial
Meaning
a particular point in events or time; a critical moment when important decisions must be made
Example
At this juncture, we need to make a crucial decision about our future.
À ce moment crucial, nous devons prendre une décision importante pour notre avenir.
C2 verb /pɔːrˈtɛnd/

portend

présager
Meaning
To be a sign or warning that something, especially something bad, is going to happen.
Example
Dark clouds portend a storm.
Les nuages sombres présagent une tempête.
C2 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbl̩/

indefatigable

inébranlable
Meaning
persisting tirelessly; incapable of being fatigued
Example
Her indefatigable spirit kept the team motivated during the long project.
Son esprit inébranlable a gardé l'équipe motivée pendant le long projet.
B2 adjective /ˈaɪsi/

Icy

gelé; extrêmement froid; hostile
Meaning
extremely cold; covered with ice; unfriendly or hostile
Example
The icy wind made everyone shiver.
Le vent glacé a fait trembler tout le monde.
B1 noun ˈfæmɪli triː

Family Tree

Arbre généalogique
Meaning
A diagram showing the relationships between people in several generations of a family.
Example
Creating a family tree helps understand family history.
Créer un arbre généalogique aide à comprendre l'histoire familiale.
C2 noun /laʊs/

Louse

Poux
Meaning
a small insect that lives on the hair or skin of people or animals
Example
The child had a louse in his hair.
L'enfant avait un poux dans ses cheveux.
B1 noun /ˈwɜːrkʃɒp/

workshop

atelier
Meaning
a room or building where people engage in work or creative activities
Example
The workshop focused on improving technical skills for young professionals.
L'atelier s'est concentré sur l'amélioration des compétences techniques des jeunes professionnels.
B2 noun /ˈreɪ.zɪnz/

Raisins

raisins secs
Meaning
dried grapes, often used in cooking and baking
Example
She added raisins to the oatmeal cookies for extra sweetness.
Elle a ajouté des raisins secs aux biscuits à l'avoine pour plus de douceur.
B2 noun /wɜːrd fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

word formation

formation des mots
Meaning
the process by which new words are created or existing words are modified in a language
Example
Word formation helps learners understand how new vocabulary develops in English.
La formation des mots est importante en linguistique.
C1 noun /hʌl/

hull

coque de navire / enveloppe de graine
Meaning
The outer covering of a seed or fruit; also the main body of a ship.
Example
The sailors inspected the ship’s hull for any damage.
Les marins ont inspecté la coque du navire pour détecter d'éventuels dommages.
A2 noun /ˈbʊkʃɒp/

bookshop

librairie
Meaning
a retail store where books are sold
Example
She spent an hour browsing in the small bookshop.
Elle a passé une heure à parcourir la petite librairie.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈtʌtʃ/

retouch

retoucher
Meaning
To improve or repair a picture, photograph, or image by making small changes.
Example
The photographer retouched the image to remove blemishes.
Le photographe a retouché l'image pour enlever les imperfections.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈfekʃəs/

infectious

infectieux
Meaning
capable of causing infection or disease; spreading easily from one person to another; able to spread feelings or attitudes such as enthusiasm
Example
Her infectious laughter made everyone in the room smile.
Son rire infectieux a fait sourire tout le monde.
B2 noun /brest/

Breast

poitrine
Meaning
the front surface of a person's or animal's body between the neck and the stomach
Example
The baby fell asleep on her mother's breast.
Le bébé s'est endormi sur la poitrine de sa mère.
A2 adverb /ˈʃʊə.li/

Surely

sûrement
Meaning
without doubt; certainly
Example
You will surely pass the exam if you study hard.
Tu réussiras sûrement l'examen si tu étudies dur.
B2 noun /ˌdʒen.əˈrɒs.ə.ti/

Generosity

générosité
Meaning
the quality of being kind and generous; willingness to give money, help, kindness freely
Example
The billionaire's generosity was evident in his numerous charitable donations to hospitals.
La générosité du milliardaire était évidente dans ses nombreuses donations caritatives aux hôpitaux.
A2 noun /ˈmæŋ.ɡoʊ/

Mango

mangue
Meaning
a tropical fruit with yellow-orange skin and sweet juicy flesh
Example
The mango is known as the king of fruits.
La mangue est connue comme le roi des fruits.
C1 noun /ˌmiːdɪˈeɪʃən/

mediation

médiation
Meaning
Intervention between parties to promote reconciliation, settlement, or compromise.
Example
The mediation helped resolve the conflict between the two teams.
La médiation a aidé à résoudre le conflit entre les deux équipes.
B1 noun/adjective /ˈsmoʊ.kɪŋ/

smoking

fumer
Meaning
The act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or other substances; wearing a tuxedo (adjective, formal context).
Example
Smoking is prohibited inside the building.
Il est interdit de fumer à l'intérieur du bâtiment.
C1 noun ɡrɪt

grit

détermination
Meaning
Long-term determination and perseverance in the face of hardship and challenges.
Example
His grit and hard work led him to success.
Sa détermination et son travail acharné l'ont conduit au succès.
A2 verb /ɪnˈvaɪt/

invite

inviter
Meaning
to ask someone to come to an event or to do something
Example
We should invite all our friends to the party.
Nous devrions inviter tous nos amis à la fête.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdjuː/

endue

doter
Meaning
To provide or endow with a quality or ability.
Example
The leader was endued with wisdom and courage.
Le leader a été doté de sagesse et de courage.
C1 adjective /ˌɔːtəˈkrætɪk/

autocratic

autocratique
Meaning
Relating to a ruler who has absolute power and does not consult others.
Example
The manager’s autocratic style discouraged employees from sharing their ideas.
Le style autocratique du gestionnaire décourageait les employés de partager leurs idées.