greenhouse effect
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B2 noun ˈɡriːn.haʊs ɪˌfɛkt

greenhouse effect

effet de serre
Meaning
The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Example
The greenhouse effect is increasing global temperatures.
L'effet de serre augmente les températures mondiales.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

fleur de la passion
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vigne de la fleur de la passion a couvert le mur du jardin avec de magnifiques fleurs.
A2 adjective /ˈpʌblɪk/

public

public
Meaning
relating to or affecting the people as a whole
Example
The public demanded action on the issue.
Le public a exigé une action sur la question.
C1 noun /ˈsɒlstɪs/

solstice

solstice
Meaning
the two times in the year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the equator (summer and winter solstice)
Example
People celebrate the summer solstice with festivals and rituals.
Les gens célèbrent le solstice d'été avec des festivals et des rituels.
C1 verb /əˈsæsɪneɪt/

assassinate

assassiner
Meaning
To murder someone important, often a political or religious leader, usually by surprise attack.
Example
The rebels planned to assassinate the king.
Les rebelles ont planifié d'assassiner le roi.
B2 noun /ɪɡˈzɔːstʃən/

exhaustion

épuisement
Meaning
A state of extreme physical or mental fatigue.
Example
Chronic exhaustion can lead to burnout and decreased productivity.
L'épuisement chronique peut entraîner un épuisement et une baisse de productivité.
B2 adjective /ˈwʊd biː/

Would-be

aspirant; potentiel;
Meaning
prospective; intending to be; aspiring
Example
The would-be actor practiced his lines every day.
L'acteur aspirant répétait ses répliques tous les jours.
C2 verb əˈtɛn.ju.eɪt

attenuate

atténuer
Meaning
To reduce the force, effect, or value of something; to make weak or thin.
Example
The medicine helps attenuate the pain.
Le médicament aide à atténuer la douleur.
C1 noun /oʊˈmɪʃ.ən/

Omission

omission; exclusion
Meaning
the action of excluding or leaving out someone or something; a failure to include
Example
The omission of his name from the list was intentional.
L'omission de son nom de la liste était intentionnelle.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɛɡnəbl̩/

impregnable

imprenable
Meaning
Unable to be captured, broken into, or defeated.
Example
The fortress was considered impregnable by the enemy.
La forteresse était considérée comme imprenable par l'ennemi.
A1 noun /bred/

Bread

pain
Meaning
a food made from flour, water, and yeast mixed together and baked
Example
She bought fresh bread from the bakery.
Elle a acheté du pain frais à la boulangerie.
C2 adjective /pərˈfɜrvɪd/

perfervid

extrêmement enthousiaste
Meaning
intensely passionate or fervent
Example
She gave a perfervid speech in defense of human rights.
Elle a fait un discours extrêmement enthousiaste en défense des droits de l'homme.
C2 noun ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti

magnanimity

magnanimité
Meaning
Generosity in forgiving an insult or injury; forbearance.
Example
His magnanimity towards his competitors was admirable.
Sa magnanimité envers ses compétiteurs était admirable.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈtrʌst/

Mistrust

méfiance
Meaning
Lack of trust; suspicion or doubt about someone or something
Example
There was deep mistrust between the two political parties.
Il y avait une profonde méfiance entre les deux partis politiques.
A1 noun /waɪf/

wife

femme
Meaning
a woman who is married to someone
Example
She is the wife of the famous author.
Elle est la femme de l'écrivain célèbre.
B2 noun /ɡriːnz/

Greens

légumes verts
Meaning
Leafy vegetables such as spinach, lettuce, and cabbage
Example
Eating greens is important for good health.
Manger des légumes verts est important pour une bonne santé.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːl.drən/

Cauldron

chaudron
Meaning
a large metal pot with a lid and handle, used for cooking over a fire
Example
The witch stirred her potion in a large cauldron.
La sorcière remuait sa potion dans un grand chaudron.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

pennon
Meaning
A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.
Example
The team raised the championship pennant proudly.
L'équipe a fièrement brandi le pennon du championnat.
A2 noun /dʒæm/

Jam

une confiture sucrée faite de fruits et de sucre ; une situation difficile ; un blocage
Meaning
a sweet spread made from fruit and sugar; a difficult situation; a blockage
Example
She spread strawberry jam on her toast for breakfast every morning.
Elle a étalé de la confiture de fraise sur son toast pour le petit déjeuner chaque matin.
C1 verb /dɪˈpliːt/

deplete

épuiser
Meaning
to reduce the quantity or supply of something
Example
The long war has depleted the country's resources.
La longue guerre a épuisé les ressources du pays.
C1 adjective ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbəl

inexhaustible

inépuisable
Meaning
Unable to be used up or worn out; limitless.
Example
His inexhaustible energy allowed him to work tirelessly on his projects.
Son énergie inépuisable lui a permis de travailler sans relâche sur ses projets.
B1 noun ˈseʃən

session

séance
Meaning
A meeting of an official body, especially a legislature, council, or court of law, to conduct its business.
Example
The session was held on February 25.
La séance a eu lieu le 25 février.
C2 noun /tɑːrn/

tarn

lac de montagne
Meaning
A small mountain lake or pool.
Example
We camped near a tranquil tarn in the highlands.
Nous avons campé près d'un lac de montagne tranquille dans les Highlands.
C2 adjective /dæŋk/

dank

humide et froid
Meaning
unpleasantly damp and cold
Example
The basement was dark and dank, filled with a musty smell.
Le sous-sol était sombre et humide, rempli d'une odeur nauséabonde.
B2 adjective /mɪr/

mere

simple
Meaning
Used to emphasize how small or insignificant something is.
Example
It was a mere suggestion, not a command.
Ce n'était qu'une simple suggestion, pas un ordre.
B2 verb /ˈsuːpərvaɪz/

supervise

superviser
Meaning
to watch and direct a person or activity to ensure things are done correctly
Example
The teacher supervises students during the exam.
Le professeur supervise les étudiants pendant l'examen.
C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/

fomentation

incitation, stimulation
Meaning
The action of instigating or stirring up; also the application of warm substances to the body to ease pain.
Example
His speech led to the fomentation of violence in the region.
Son discours a conduit à la fomentation de la violence dans la région.
B1 verb /dɪˈnaɪ/

deny

nier
Meaning
to refuse to accept or admit something; to declare something untrue
Example
He denied stealing the money.
Il a nié avoir volé l'argent.
C1 noun /ˈlɛdʒɪsleɪtər/

legislator

législateur
Meaning
a person who makes laws, especially a member of a legislative body
Example
The legislator introduced a bill to improve healthcare.
Le législateur a introduit un projet de loi pour améliorer les soins de santé.
C1 verb /diːˈhaɪdreɪt/

dehydrate

déshydrater
Meaning
to remove water from something; to lose water or body fluids
Example
Running in the heat can quickly dehydrate you.
Courir sous la chaleur peut rapidement vous déshydrater.
C2 noun /ˈɔːrdʒi/

orgy

orgie
Meaning
A wild party involving excessive indulgence, especially of a sexual nature.
Example
The novel described a scandalous orgy in a wealthy mansion.
Le roman a décrit une orgie scandaleuse dans un manoir riche.
B1 noun /ˈdʒɜːrnəlɪst/

journalist

journaliste
Meaning
a person who writes news articles or reports for newspapers, magazines, or media
Example
The journalist covered the political event.
Le journaliste a couvert l'événement politique.
B2 verb /dɪˈtætʃ/

detach

détacher
Meaning
to separate or remove something from something else
Example
She detached the page from the notebook.
Elle a détaché la page du carnet.
A2 adjective /smɑːrt/

Smart

intelligent; astucieux; bien habillé; élégant
Meaning
intelligent; quick-witted; well-dressed; stylish
Example
She made a smart decision to invest in technology stocks.
Elle a pris une décision intelligente d'investir dans des actions technologiques.
C1 noun /ˈɪnsɪdəns/

incidence

incidence
Meaning
the occurrence, rate, or frequency of something
Example
The incidence of road accidents has decreased this year.
L'incidence des accidents de la route a diminué cette année.
B1 adjective /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Ancient

ancien
Meaning
belonging to the very distant past; very old; historical
Example
We visited the ancient ruins of the Roman empire.
Nous avons visité les anciennes ruines de l'Empire romain.
A2 noun /ˈɛər.laɪn/

airline

compagnie aérienne
Meaning
A company that provides regular flights for passengers and goods.
Example
The airline announced a discount on international tickets.
La compagnie aérienne a annoncé une réduction sur les billets internationaux.
C1 adjective /dɪˈvaʊt/

devout

dévoué
Meaning
Deeply religious or sincere.
Example
He is a devout believer who prays every day.
Il est un croyant dévoué qui prie chaque jour.
C1 verb /mɑːr/

mar

abîmer
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance or quality of something
Example
The scratch will mar the beauty of the painting.
La rayure abîmera la beauté de la peinture.
C1 adjective /æmˈfɪb.i.əs/

Amphibious

amphibie
Meaning
able to live both on land and in water; suitable for both land and water operations
Example
The amphibious vehicle can travel on both land and water.
Le véhicule amphibie peut voyager à la fois sur terre et dans l'eau.
A2 noun /ˈlæd.ər/

Ladder

échelle
Meaning
a structure consisting of two upright parallel sides connected by rungs, used for climbing up or down
Example
He climbed the ladder to reach the books on the top shelf.
Il a grimpé l'échelle pour atteindre les livres sur l'étagère du haut.
A2 noun /dʒiˈɒɡrəfi/

geography

géographie
Meaning
the study of the Earth’s physical features, climates, populations, and the relationships between people and their environments
Example
She studies geography to understand how landscapes and human societies interact.
Elle étudie la géographie pour comprendre le monde.
C2 noun /ˈlætɪs/

lattice

structure en treillis
Meaning
A structure of crossed strips arranged in a grid or crisscross pattern.
Example
The garden was decorated with a wooden lattice covered in vines.
Le jardin était décoré d'une structure en treillis en bois recouverte de vignes.
C1 noun /ˈmɪʃ.ən.ɛr.i/

Missionary

missionnaire
Meaning
A person sent on a religious mission to promote their faith in a foreign country
Example
The missionary spent years teaching and helping people in remote villages.
Le missionnaire a passé des années à enseigner et à aider les gens dans des villages éloignés.
C1 adjective /ˈmuː.və.bl̩/

Movable

mobile; portable; déplaçable
Meaning
capable of being moved; not fixed in position
Example
The furniture is movable so we can rearrange the room easily.
Le mobilier est mobile, nous pouvons donc réorganiser la pièce facilement.
C2 noun /maɪˈæzmə/

miasma

air vicié
Meaning
An unpleasant or unhealthy smell or atmosphere.
Example
A miasma of decay hung over the abandoned house.
Un miasme de décomposition flottait au-dessus de la maison abandonnée.
A1 verb (first person singular of 'be') /æm/

am

je
Meaning
the first person singular present tense of 'be'
Example
I am happy today.
Aujourd'hui, je suis heureux.
C1 noun /əˈstrɑː.lə.dʒər/

Astrologer

astrologue
Meaning
a person who studies astrology and makes predictions based on the positions of stars and planets
Example
The astrologer predicted good fortune in her future.
L'astrologue a prédit une bonne fortune dans son avenir.
C1 noun /əˈbændənmənt/

abandonment

abandon
Meaning
the act of leaving someone or something behind completely; the state of being deserted
Example
The child suffered deep emotional pain because of abandonment.
L’enfant a souffert d’une profonde douleur émotionnelle à cause de l’abandon.
B2 adjective /stɜːrn/

Stern

strict; sévère
Meaning
serious and demanding exact conformity to rules; strict and severe
Example
The teacher gave the students a stern warning about cheating.
L'enseignant a donné aux élèves un avertissement strict concernant la tricherie.
B2 adjective ˈɡrædʒ.u.əl

gradual

progressif
Meaning
Taking place or progressing slowly or by degrees.
Example
Gradual changes are more sustainable.
Les changements progressifs sont plus durables.
C1 adjective /ˌaʊtˈspoʊkən/

Outspoken

franc
Meaning
frank; speaking directly
Example
She is known for being outspoken about social issues.
Elle est connue pour être franche sur les problèmes sociaux.
B2 noun /ˈɜː.dʒən.si/

Urgency

urgence
Meaning
the quality of requiring immediate action or attention; pressing importance
Example
The urgency of the situation required immediate medical attention.
L'urgence de la situation nécessitait une attention médicale immédiate.
B1 noun /tɛkˈniːk/

technique

technique
Meaning
A particular way of carrying out a task, especially with skill.
Example
She learned a new breathing technique in yoga class.
Elle a appris une nouvelle technique de respiration dans le cours de yoga.
C1 verb /dɛlv/

delve

approfondir
Meaning
To investigate deeply; to dig into a subject or area.
Example
The researcher delved into ancient manuscripts to find clues.
Le chercheur a approfondi les manuscrits anciens pour trouver des indices.
B2 noun /ˈeɪ.prən/

apron

tablier
Meaning
A protective garment worn over the front of one's clothes to keep them clean, especially while cooking.
Example
She tied an apron around her waist before cooking dinner.
Elle a noué un tablier autour de sa taille avant de cuisiner le dîner.
C1 noun ˌlɪb.ər.ə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

liberalization

libéralisation
Meaning
The removal or loosening of restrictions on something, typically an economic or political system.
Example
The liberalization of trade policies attracted foreign investments.
La libéralisation des politiques commerciales a attiré des investissements étrangers.
B2 noun/adjective /rɪˈpʌblɪkən/

republican

républicain
Meaning
a member or supporter of a republican political party or system
Example
The republican candidate won the election.
Le candidat républicain a remporté l'élection.
C2 noun /stɛp/

steppe

steppe
Meaning
A large flat area of unforested grassland, especially in southeastern Europe or Siberia.
Example
The nomads traveled across the vast steppe with their herds.
Les nomades ont voyagé à travers la vaste steppe avec leurs troupeaux.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪhɛm/

mayhem

chaos
Meaning
Violent or extreme disorder; chaos and destruction.
Example
The protest turned into mayhem when the crowd clashed with the police.
La protestation a tourné au chaos lorsque la foule s'est heurtée à la police.
A1 verb /æd/

add

ajouter
Meaning
to join something to something else; to include
Example
Please add sugar to my coffee.
Veuillez ajouter du sucre à mon café.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnəˈfɛnsɪv/

inoffensive

inoffensif
Meaning
Not likely to offend or provoke; harmless.
Example
His inoffensive remarks kept the conversation friendly.
Ses remarques inoffensives ont maintenu la conversation amicale.
C1 verb /kənˈkɒkt/

concoct

créer ou inventer
Meaning
to make something, especially food or a story, by mixing or inventing
Example
He concocted a story to explain his absence.
Il a inventé une histoire pour expliquer son absence.
B2 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːmənpleɪs/

commonplace

banal
Meaning
ordinary or unremarkable; something that is usual or commonly found
Example
Smartphones have become commonplace in modern life.
Les smartphones sont devenus banals dans la vie moderne.
B2 noun /ˌɑːr.kiˈɑː.lə.dʒi/

archeology

archéologie
Meaning
the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts and structures
Example
She decided to study archeology to learn about ancient civilizations.
Elle a décidé d'étudier l'archéologie pour en apprendre davantage sur les civilisations anciennes.
C1 noun /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/

efficacy

efficacité
Meaning
The ability to produce a desired or intended result; effectiveness.
Example
The efficacy of the vaccine has been proven in trials.
L'efficacité du vaccin a été prouvée lors des essais.
C2 noun /bəˈlɛəroʊ/

bolero

boléro (une danse espagnole ou une veste courte ouverte à l'avant)
Meaning
A Spanish dance in slow triple time, or a short jacket open at the front.
Example
The dancers performed a passionate bolero at the festival.
Les danseurs ont exécuté un boléro passionné lors du festival.
C1 noun/verb /reɪn/

rein

rênes / contrôle
Meaning
A strap used to control a horse; to control or guide something.
Example
The rider pulled the rein to stop the horse.
Le cavalier a tiré sur la rêne pour arrêter le cheval.
C2 noun /ˌær.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

arability

arabilité
Meaning
The quality of land being suitable for growing crops.
Example
The arability of land depends on soil quality and water availability.
L'arabilité du sol dépend de la qualité du sol et de la disponibilité de l'eau.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnɪnˈhɪbɪtɪd/

uninhibited

désinhibé
Meaning
Not restrained or restricted; free in behavior or expression.
Example
She gave an uninhibited laugh at the joke.
Elle a éclaté d'un rire désinhibé à la blague.
B2 noun /hɔrn/

Horn

corne
Meaning
a hard pointed projection on the head of certain animals; a musical instrument
Example
The rhinoceros used its horn to defend itself.
Le rhinocéros a utilisé sa corne pour se défendre.
C1 verb ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt

eradicate

éradiquer
Meaning
To destroy completely; to put an end to something undesirable.
Example
Vaccination programs help eradicate infectious diseases.
Les programmes de vaccination aident à éradiquer les maladies infectieuses.
C1 noun stɔːrm ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

storm intensification

intensification de la tempête
Meaning
The process by which storms become stronger and more severe in intensity.
Example
Storm intensification is linked to climate change.
L'intensification de la tempête est liée au changement climatique.
C1 proper noun ˈɡləʊbəl ˈfaʊndriz

GlobalFoundries

GlobalFoundries
Meaning
A specific company in semiconductor manufacturing.
Example
GlobalFoundries is a leading semiconductor company.
GlobalFoundries est une entreprise de semi-conducteurs leader.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkwaɪ.ət/

Unquiet

agité; anxieux; perturbé
Meaning
restless; unable to remain still or quiet; anxious or troubled
Example
She spent an unquiet night worrying about the exam results.
Elle a passé une nuit agitée à s'inquiéter des résultats de l'examen.
B1 noun /ˌek.sɪˈbɪʃ.ən/

Exhibition

exposition
Meaning
a public display of works of art or other items of interest
Example
The art exhibition featured paintings from local artists throughout the region.
L'exposition d'art a présenté des peintures d'artistes locaux de toute la région.
B2 noun /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.məs ˈviː.ɪ.kəlz/

autonomous vehicles

véhicules autonomes
Meaning
Vehicles that can operate and move without human intervention or control.
Example
Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing the future of transport.
Les véhicules autonomes révolutionnent l'avenir du transport.
B1 verb /seɪl/

sail

naviguer avec des voiles
Meaning
to travel on water in a boat or ship using sails or by wind power
Example
They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean last summer.
Ils ont navigué à travers l'océan Atlantique l'été dernier.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsek.tɪ.saɪd/

Insecticide

insecticide
Meaning
a substance used for killing insects; a chemical pesticide that targets insects
Example
The farmer sprayed insecticide on his crops to protect them from harmful bugs.
Le fermier a pulvérisé de l'insecticide sur ses cultures pour les protéger des insectes nuisibles.
B2 adjective /ˈfeɪθ.fəl/

Faithful

fidèle; loyal; engagé
Meaning
loyal and committed; reliable; true to one's beliefs
Example
She remained faithful to her principles throughout her career.
Elle est restée fidèle à ses principes tout au long de sa carrière.
C1 adjective /ˈljʊərɪd/

lurid

choquant et sensationnel de manière vive
Meaning
shocking or sensational in a vivid way, often involving crime or violence
Example
The newspaper published a lurid account of the crime.
Le journal a publié un récit choquant du crime.
C1 adjective /ˌtaɪpəˈɡræfɪkəl/

typographical

typographique
Meaning
relating to the style, arrangement, or appearance of printed text
Example
There was a typographical error in the book.
Il y avait une erreur typographique dans le livre.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkaʊntər/

encounter

rencontrer / faire face à
Meaning
to unexpectedly meet someone or experience something, especially something difficult or new
Example
During the hike, we encountered a wild bear.
Pendant la randonnée, nous avons rencontré un ours sauvage.
B2 noun /ˈstɛriəˌtaɪp/

stereotype

stéréotype
Meaning
A widely held but oversimplified and fixed idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Example
It is a stereotype that all gamers are antisocial.
C'est un stéréotype que tous les joueurs sont antisociaux.
B2 noun /ˈpleɪˌɔːf/

playoff

matchs pour déterminer le champion
Meaning
a series of games played to determine a champion among top teams
Example
The team qualified for the playoffs after a strong season.
L'équipe s'est qualifiée pour les playoffs après une saison forte.
B1 noun /ˈfɔːr.mæt/

Format

format
Meaning
the way in which something is arranged or set out; the shape, size, and presentation of a book or document
Example
Please submit your report in PDF format by the end of the week.
Veuillez soumettre votre rapport au format PDF d'ici la fin de la semaine.
B2 noun /djuː/

Dew

rosée
Meaning
tiny drops of water that form on cool surfaces at night when atmospheric water vapour condenses
Example
The morning dew glistened on the grass.
La rosée du matin brillait sur l'herbe.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

descendance, progéniture, héritiers
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Les enseignements du philosophe ont influencé de nombreuses générations de progéniture.
B2 noun /ˈpæn.ɪk/

Panic

panique
Meaning
sudden uncontrollable fear or anxiety; a state of widespread fear and anxiety
Example
The fire alarm caused panic among the students.
L'alarme incendie a provoqué la panique parmi les étudiants.
B2 noun /ˈrest.ləs.nəs/

Restlessness

agitation
Meaning
the inability to rest or relax as a result of anxiety or boredom
Example
His restlessness during the long meeting was obvious to everyone.
Son agitation pendant la longue réunion était évidente pour tout le monde.
C2 noun /ˈplɛdʒiː/

pledgee

la personne à qui quelque chose est attribué comme garantie
Meaning
a person to whom something is pledged or given as security
Example
The bank is the pledgee of the collateral until the loan is repaid.
La banque est le créancier du bien jusqu'à ce que le prêt soit remboursé.
C2 adjective /kwɪkˈsɑː.t̬ɪk/

quixotic

extrêmement idéaliste, irréaliste et impraticable
Meaning
Extremely idealistic, unrealistic, and impractical.
Example
His quixotic dreams often led to disappointment.
Ses rêves quixotiques menaient souvent à la déception.
C2 noun /ˈeɪʒən swɒmp iːl/

Asian swamp eel

anguille des marais asiatique
Meaning
a snake-like freshwater fish that can survive in muddy waters and is considered a delicacy in South Asian cuisine
Example
Asian swamp eel can breathe air and survive in shallow muddy waters.
L’anguille des marais asiatique peut respirer de l’air et survivre dans des eaux peu profondes et boueuses.
C2 noun /ˌɪməʊˈbɪləti/

immobility

immobilité
Meaning
The state of being unable to move.
Example
After the accident, she suffered from immobility in her legs.
Après l'accident, elle a souffert d'immobilité dans ses jambes.
C1 verb /bɪˈɡrʌdʒ/

begrudge

en vouloir à quelqu'un d'avoir quelque chose / donner quelque chose à contrecœur
Meaning
to resent someone for having something; to give reluctantly
Example
She did not begrudge him his success.
Elle ne lui en voulut pas pour son succès.
C2 adjective /ˈvɒkətɪv/

vocative

cas vocatif
Meaning
relating to a case in grammar used for directly addressing someone
Example
In Latin, the vocative case is used when directly calling someone by name.
En latin, le cas vocatif est utilisé pour appeler directement quelqu'un par son nom.
C2 noun /ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪkrəm/

simulacrum

simulacre
Meaning
an image or representation of someone or something; a superficial likeness
Example
The statue was only a simulacrum of the ancient god.
La statue n'était qu'un simulacre de l'ancien dieu.
B2 adjective /ˈveɪ.kənt/

Vacant

vacant; non occupé; disponible
Meaning
empty; not occupied; available
Example
There is a vacant apartment on the second floor.
Il y a un appartement vacant au deuxième étage.
B2 noun ˌprɒd.ʌkˈtɪv.ɪ.ti

productivity

productivité
Meaning
The effectiveness of productive effort, especially in industry, as measured in terms of the rate of output per unit of input.
Example
Improved irrigation boosts productivity.
L'irrigation améliorée stimule la productivité.
B1 noun /ˈmænər/

manner

manière
Meaning
a way in which something is done or happens
Example
He spoke in a polite manner.
Il a parlé de manière polie.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmædʒ.ɪ.nər.i/

Imaginary

imaginaire; fictif; irréel
Meaning
existing only in imagination; not real; fictional
Example
The child had an imaginary friend who she talked to every day.
L'enfant avait un ami imaginaire avec lequel elle parlait tous les jours.
C2 noun /ˈræpsədi/

rhapsody

chanson exaltée/éloge
Meaning
an expression of great enthusiasm or an epic musical composition
Example
The singer’s performance was a rhapsody of emotions.
La performance du chanteur était une rhapsodie d'émotions.
B2 adjective /səˈraʊndɪŋ/

surrounding

environnant
Meaning
located all around a particular place or thing; nearby
Example
The surrounding hills were covered in mist.
Les collines environnantes étaient couvertes de brume.
C1 verb /ˈklæmbər/

clamber

grimper avec effort
Meaning
to climb with effort or difficulty, often using both hands and feet
Example
The children clambered over the rocks to reach the cave.
Les enfants ont grimpé sur les rochers pour atteindre la grotte.
C2 adjective /ˈsæpɪd/

sapid

savoureux
Meaning
Having a pleasant taste; flavorful.
Example
The chef prepared a sapid dish that delighted everyone at the table.
Le chef a préparé un plat savoureux qui a enchanté tout le monde à table.
B2 noun /ˈwɪlɪŋnəs/

willingness

volonté
Meaning
the quality of being prepared or ready to do something
Example
Her willingness to help others made her very popular.
Sa volonté d'aider les autres l'a rendue très populaire.
B2 verb rɪˈstɔːr

restore

restaurer
Meaning
To bring back to a former or original state; to reinstate.
Example
Restoring the tradition of student politics is necessary.
Il est nécessaire de restaurer la tradition de la politique étudiante.
C1 noun /oʊˈveɪʃən/

ovation

ovation
Meaning
an enthusiastic show of approval, especially by clapping hands
Example
The actor received a standing ovation after his performance.
L'acteur a reçu une ovation debout après sa performance.
B1 verb /əˈʃʊr/

assure

assurer
Meaning
to make someone feel certain or confident about something
Example
He assured her that everything would be fine.
Il lui assura que tout irait bien.
C1 noun /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/

foot-note

note de bas de page
Meaning
A note of reference, explanation, or comment placed at the bottom of a page.
Example
The author included a foot-note to explain the historical context.
L'auteur a inclus une note de bas de page pour expliquer le contexte historique.
C2 noun /ˈklaɪ.mɪŋ læŋ læŋ/

Climbing lang lang

plante grimpante lang lang
Meaning
a climbing plant with fragrant flowers native to tropical regions
Example
The climbing lang lang vine produces beautiful fragrant flowers.
La plante grimpante lang lang produit de belles fleurs parfumées.
A1 noun /ˈʃʊɡər/

Sugar

sucre
Meaning
sweet crystalline substance used as a sweetener
Example
Please add two teaspoons of sugar to my coffee.
Veuillez ajouter deux cuillères à café de sucre à mon café.
C2 verb /məʊlt/

molt

muet
Meaning
To shed old feathers, skin, or hair to make way for new growth.
Example
Birds molt their feathers once a year.
Les oiseaux muent leurs plumes une fois par an.
B1 noun /boʊ/

Bow

arc
Meaning
a weapon for shooting arrows, made of a curved piece of wood
Example
The archer drew his bow and aimed at the target.
L'archer a tendu son arc et a visé la cible.
C1 noun /rɛnˈdɪʃən/

rendition

interprétation
Meaning
a performance or interpretation of a piece of art, music, or text
Example
The singer gave a moving rendition of the classic song.
Le chanteur a donné une interprétation émouvante de la chanson classique.
C2 noun /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

tribune

tribune / tribun
Meaning
a person or platform representing the people; historically, a Roman official elected to protect citizens' rights
Example
He was seen as a tribune of the common people.
Il était considéré comme un tribun du peuple.
C1 adjective dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl

dysfunctional

dysfonctionnel
Meaning
Not operating normally or properly.
Example
The dysfunctional system led to numerous delays and errors.
Le système dysfonctionnel a provoqué de nombreux retards et erreurs.
C1 adjective ˈɒb.stɪ.nət

obstinate

obstiné
Meaning
Refusing to change one's mind or accept others' advice easily.
Example
He remained obstinate despite the logical arguments.
Il est resté obstiné malgré les arguments logiques.
C2 noun /ˈdʒʌŋk.tʃər/

jucture

moment critique
Meaning
a particular point in time, especially one of great importance or crisis
Example
At this critical jucture, the company must decide whether to expand or downsize.
À ce moment critique, l'entreprise doit décider si elle doit s'étendre ou se réduire.
B2 verb /ˈhɑːrnɪs/

harness

contrôler et utiliser
Meaning
To control and make use of natural resources, especially energy.
Example
Scientists are working to harness solar power effectively.
Les scientifiques travaillent pour exploiter efficacement l'énergie solaire.
C2 noun /ˈzɛfər/

zephyr

brise douce
Meaning
A soft gentle breeze.
Example
A warm zephyr blew through the valley.
Une brise douce soufflait à travers la vallée.