frowzy
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C2 adjective /ˈfraʊzi/

frowzy

négligé
Meaning
Unkempt, messy, or having a musty, unpleasant smell.
Example
He entered the room with a frowzy appearance after sleeping on the couch.
Il est entré dans la pièce avec une apparence négligée après avoir dormi sur le canapé.
A1 noun /tʃeər/

Chair

chaise
Meaning
a separate seat for one person, typically with a back and four legs
Example
Please sit on the chair.
S'il vous plaît, asseyez-vous sur la chaise.
C1 noun /pəˈzɛsər/

possessor

détenteur
Meaning
A person who owns or holds something.
Example
The possessor of the land built a new house.
Le détenteur de la terre a construit une nouvelle maison.
C2 noun /ˈzuːəʊˌplæŋktən/

zooplankton

zooplancton
Meaning
Microscopic aquatic animals that drift in water bodies and form an essential part of the aquatic food chain, serving as food for fish and other marine organisms.
Example
Zooplankton plays an important role in the aquatic food chain.
Le zooplancton joue un rôle important dans la chaîne alimentaire aquatique.
B2 noun /ˈbækɪŋ/

Backing

soutien
Meaning
help or support; financial or material support
Example
The project received backing from several major investors.
Le projet a reçu du soutien de plusieurs investisseurs importants.
C2 noun /prɪˈsɛntɪmənt/

presentiment

présentiment
Meaning
An intuitive feeling about the future, especially of something bad about to happen.
Example
He had a strong presentiment that the plan would fail.
Il avait un fort pressentiment que le plan échouerait.
C2 adjective /traɪˈɛniəl/

triennial

triennal
Meaning
Occurring once every three years.
Example
The art festival is a triennial event in the city.
Le festival d'art est un événement triennal dans la ville.
C2 noun /ˈkrɛməˌtɔːri/

crematory

crématorium
Meaning
a place where dead bodies are cremated
Example
The crematory was located near the cemetery.
Le crématorium était situé près du cimetière.
C1 verb /riˈɪtəreɪt/

reiterate

réitérer
Meaning
To say something again or repeatedly for emphasis or clarity.
Example
The teacher reiterated the importance of honesty.
L'enseignant a réitéré l'importance de l'honnêteté.
B2 noun /əˈsɛnt/

ascent

ascension, élévation
Meaning
The act of rising or climbing to a higher position or level.
Example
The climbers began their ascent to the mountain peak at dawn.
Les alpinistes ont commencé leur ascension vers le sommet de la montagne à l'aube.
B2 adjective /ˈɪnˌsaɪtfəl/

insightful

perspicace
Meaning
Showing deep understanding or perceptiveness.
Example
The professor gave an insightful lecture on global economics.
Le professeur a donné une conférence perspicace sur l'économie mondiale.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

inertie; manque d'activité
Meaning
a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement
Example
The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.
L'inertie de l'équipe les a empêchés de s'adapter aux conditions du marché en évolution rapide.
C2 noun /ˈlɪmərɪk/

limerick

un poème humoristique en cinq vers
Meaning
a humorous five-line poem with a specific rhythm and rhyme scheme (AABBA).
Example
She recited a funny limerick at the party.
Elle a récité un limerick amusant à la fête.
B2 adjective /ˈlɒŋ ˈstændɪŋ/

long-standing

de longue durée
Meaning
having existed or continued for a long period of time
Example
They have a long-standing relationship with their suppliers.
Ils ont une relation de longue durée avec leurs fournisseurs.
C2 adjective /ˈtʃɛəri/

chary

prudent
Meaning
cautious or wary about doing something
Example
She was chary of investing in the new business venture.
Elle était prudente à investir dans la nouvelle entreprise.
C2 noun /laʊs/

Louse

Poux
Meaning
a small insect that lives on the hair or skin of people or animals
Example
The child had a louse in his hair.
L'enfant avait un poux dans ses cheveux.
B2 noun ˌæn.tiˈɒk.sɪ.dənt

antioxidant

antioxydant
Meaning
A substance that may prevent or delay some types of cell damage by neutralizing free radicals.
Example
Green tea contains powerful antioxidants that slow aging.
Le thé vert contient des antioxydants puissants qui ralentissent le vieillissement.
B2 verb /ɪˈlɛkt/

elect

élire
Meaning
To choose someone for a position or office by voting.
Example
The citizens elected a new president.
Les citoyens ont élu un nouveau président.
C1 adjective ˈklaɪ.mət rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt

climate-resilient

résistant au climat
Meaning
Able to cope with the adverse effects of climate change; sustainable and adaptable.
Example
Climate-resilient crops can survive extreme weather conditions.
Les cultures résistantes au climat peuvent survivre à des conditions météorologiques extrêmes.
C1 noun ɔːrˈdiːl

ordeal

épreuve difficile
Meaning
A physical or mental painful experience that must be endured
Example
Surviving the wilderness was a tough ordeal for them.
Survivre dans la nature a été une épreuve difficile pour eux.
A2 verb /ˈkʌv.ərd/

covered

couverte
Meaning
Protected by being placed over or wrapped; hidden from view.
Example
The forest is covered in greenery.
La forêt est couverte de verdure.
C2 adjective/noun /haɪˈbɜːrniən/

hibernian

hibernien
Meaning
Relating to Ireland or the Irish.
Example
He enjoyed reading about Hibernian culture and history.
Il a aimé lire sur la culture et l'histoire hibernienne.
B2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪzən/

artisan

artisan
Meaning
a skilled craftsperson who makes things by hand
Example
The artisan crafted a beautiful wooden chair.
L'artisan a fabriqué une belle chaise en bois.
C1 adjective /prɪˈzʌmp.tʃu.əs/

presumptuous

prétentieux
Meaning
Overconfident, rude, or taking liberties without permission.
Example
It was presumptuous of him to make that decision without consulting others.
Il a été présomptueux de sa part de prendre cette décision sans consulter les autres.
A2 noun /ˈɑːr.tɪst/

Artist

artiste
Meaning
a person who creates art, especially paintings or drawings; a person skilled in a particular art form
Example
The artist displayed her sculptures at the gallery opening.
L'artiste a exposé ses sculptures lors de l'ouverture de la galerie.
B2 adjective /məˈkænɪkəl/

mechanical

bonheur
Meaning
relating to machines or the way they work
Example
She has a good understanding of mechanical systems.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
A2 noun /ˈkaʊ.bɔɪ/

Cowboy

cow-boy
Meaning
a man who tends cattle on a ranch, especially in the western United States
Example
The cowboy rode his horse across the vast prairie to find the cattle.
Le cow-boy monta son cheval à travers la vaste prairie pour trouver le bétail.
B2 noun /ˈsel.ər.i/

Celery

céleri
Meaning
a green vegetable with long crisp stems that can be eaten raw or cooked
Example
I added chopped celery to the soup for extra flavor.
J'ai ajouté du céleri haché à la soupe pour plus de saveur.
A2 noun /ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən/

invitation

bonheur
Meaning
a written or spoken request to attend an event or to participate in something
Example
She sent me an invitation to her wedding.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C2 noun /kɒˈkeɪd/

cockade

rosette en ruban
Meaning
a rosette or knot of ribbon, usually worn on a hat as a badge of office or party
Example
The soldier wore a red cockade on his cap.
Le soldat portait une rosette en ruban rouge sur son chapeau.
C1 noun ˈprɒdʒ.ə.ni

progeny

descendance, progéniture, héritiers
Meaning
A descendant or the descendants of a person, animal, or plant; offspring.
Example
The philosopher's teachings have influenced many generations of progeny.
Les enseignements du philosophe ont influencé de nombreuses générations de progéniture.
C1 noun ˌfiː.zəˈbɪl.ə.ti

feasibility

faisabilité
Meaning
The state or degree of being easily or conveniently done; possibility.
Example
The company conducted a feasibility study before launching the project.
L'entreprise a mené une étude de faisabilité avant de lancer le projet.
A2 noun /ˈsen.tʃər.i/

Century

siècle; centurie
Meaning
a period of one hundred years; a score of one hundred in cricket
Example
The ancient castle has stood for more than five centuries.
Le vieux château est debout depuis plus de cinq siècles.
A2 noun /ˈbɪz.nəs/

Business

affaires; entreprise; commerce
Meaning
work relating to the production, buying, and selling of goods or services
Example
He started his own business after graduating from university.
Il a commencé son propre business après avoir obtenu son diplôme universitaire.
B2 noun /ˈtuː.lɪp/

Tulip

tulipe
Meaning
a colorful spring flower with cup-shaped petals
Example
The red tulip bloomed beautifully in the garden.
La tulipe rouge a fleuri magnifiquement dans le jardin.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔːrmətɪv/

normative

normatif
Meaning
relating to rules, standards, or norms that govern behavior or beliefs
Example
The study focused on the normative aspects of cultural behavior.
L'étude s'est concentrée sur les aspects normatifs du comportement culturel.
B1 adjective /ˈpeɪn.fəl/

painful

douloureux
Meaning
causing physical or emotional pain
Example
The injury was very painful, and he needed immediate care.
La blessure était très douloureuse et il avait besoin de soins immédiats.
C2 noun /hɜːrs/

Hearse

voiture funéraire;
Meaning
a vehicle for conveying the coffin at a funeral; a funeral car
Example
The black hearse slowly made its way to the cemetery, followed by a procession of mourners.
Le corbillard noir s'est lentement dirigé vers le cimetière, suivi par une procession de personnes en deuil.
B2 noun ˈvɜː.tʃu.əl ˈklɑːs.ruːmz

virtual classrooms

classes virtuelles
Meaning
An online learning environment where teachers and students interact via digital platforms.
Example
Virtual classrooms enable remote learning for students worldwide.
Les classes virtuelles permettent l'apprentissage à distance pour les étudiants du monde entier.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːdəˌtɔːri/

auditory

auditif
Meaning
Relating to the sense of hearing.
Example
The lecture was designed to enhance students' auditory learning skills.
La conférence a été conçue pour améliorer les compétences d'apprentissage auditif des étudiants.
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

désinvolte
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
Il avait une attitude désinvolte envers les règlements de sécurité.
C2 noun /dɪˈpɑːzɪtər/

depositor

dépôtiste
Meaning
a person who places money in a bank or financial institution
Example
The bank provides insurance to protect depositors’ funds.
La banque fournit une assurance pour protéger les fonds des déposants.
A2 adjective /ˈsʌdən/

Sudden

soudain; brusque; inattendu;
Meaning
happening or done quickly and unexpectedly; abrupt
Example
There was a sudden change in the weather.
Il y a eu un changement soudain dans le temps.
C1 noun /saɪˈteɪʃən/

citation

citation
Meaning
a quotation from or reference to a book, paper, or author
Example
The research paper included a citation from Shakespeare.
L'article de recherche comprenait une citation de Shakespeare.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlɪdʒ/

pillage

piller
Meaning
to rob or plunder a place, especially during war
Example
The invading army pillaged the village and took all valuables.
L'armée envahissante a pillé le village et a pris tous les objets précieux.
A2 adjective /ɡlæd/

Glad

content; heureux; ravi;
Meaning
happy; pleased; delighted;
Example
I am glad to see you after such a long time.
Je suis content de te voir après tout ce temps.
C1 adjective /ˈbɔɪənt/ or /ˈbuːjənt/

buoyant

flottant, joyeux
Meaning
Able to float easily; cheerful and optimistic.
Example
She remained buoyant despite the difficulties.
Elle est restée joyeuse malgré les difficultés.
C1 noun /ˈsʌnˌdaʊn/

sundown

coucher du soleil
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
Example
We planned to reach the village before sundown.
Nous avions prévu d'arriver au village avant le coucher du soleil.
C2 adjective /ˈkʌvətəs/

covetous

convoiteux
Meaning
having or showing a strong desire for someone else's possessions
Example
She gave him a covetous look when he showed his new watch.
Elle lui lança un regard convoiteux lorsqu'il montra sa nouvelle montre.
C1 noun/adjective /fɔːrˈboʊdɪŋ/

foreboding

présage inquiétant
Meaning
A feeling that something bad will happen; ominous.
Example
She felt a deep sense of foreboding as she entered the abandoned house.
Elle ressentit une profonde sensation de présage inquiétant en entrant dans la maison abandonnée.
C2 noun /ˈdʌblɪt/

doublet

doublet / veste ajustée
Meaning
a close-fitting jacket worn by men in the Renaissance; also, a pair of similar things
Example
The actor wore a velvet doublet for the Shakespearean play.
L'acteur a porté un doublet en velours pour la pièce de Shakespeare.
A1 noun /ˈɡrændˌmʌðər/

grandmother

grand-mère
Meaning
the mother of one's father or mother
Example
My grandmother makes delicious cakes.
Ma grand-mère fait des gâteaux délicieux.
B2 noun /ˈproʊtəkɔːl/

protocol

protocole
Meaning
an official procedure or system of rules
Example
The security team followed strict protocol during the event.
L'équipe de sécurité a suivi un protocole strict lors de l'événement.
C2 noun /ˈkloʊtʃər/

cloture

procédure de cloture
Meaning
a procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.
Example
The Senate invoked cloture to end the lengthy debate.
Le Sénat a invoqué la clôture pour mettre fin au débat long.
C1 verb /ɡʌʃ/

gush

jaillir
Meaning
to flow out suddenly and forcefully, or to express something enthusiastically
Example
Tears began to gush from her eyes.
Les larmes ont commencé à jaillir de ses yeux.
C2 noun /ˈliːdʒənəri/

legionary

soldat romain
Meaning
a soldier in the Roman army
Example
Each legionary carried a shield and a short sword.
Chaque légionnaire portait un bouclier et une épée courte.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɛsteɪt/

gestate

gestation
Meaning
to carry and develop in the womb during pregnancy; to develop an idea over a period of time
Example
The mother whale gestates her calf for over a year.
La baleine mère gestate son baleineau pendant plus d'un an.
C1 noun /ˈpen.əns/

Penance

pénitence; châtiment pour avoir fait quelque chose de mal
Meaning
punishment that you accept for doing something wrong; an act of showing that you are sorry for sin
Example
The monk performed penance for his past mistakes.
Le moine a fait pénitence pour ses erreurs passées.
C1 verb /dɪˈspɜːrs/

disperse

disperser
Meaning
To scatter or spread widely in different directions.
Example
The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd.
La police a utilisé du gaz lacrymogène pour disperser la foule.
B2 adjective /ˈɛəri/

airy

aéré
Meaning
Spacious and well-ventilated; light and breezy.
Example
The new apartment is bright and airy.
Le nouvel appartement est lumineux et aéré.
C1 adjective səˈsaɪ.ə.təl

societal

social
Meaning
Relating to society or social relationships.
Example
Societal benefits of space tourism are under debate.
Les avantages sociaux du tourisme spatial sont en débat.
C1 noun /ˈwɜːkmənʃɪp/

workmanship

qualité du travail
Meaning
The skill with which something is made or the quality of something made.
Example
The workmanship of the handmade furniture was impeccable.
L'artisanat des meubles faits à la main était impeccable.
B1 noun /ˈmeɪkər/

maker

créateur
Meaning
a person or thing that makes or produces something
Example
He is a famous movie maker in Hollywood.
Il est un célèbre créateur de films à Hollywood.
B2 adverb /ˈkrɪtɪkli/

critically

gravement
Meaning
in a way that expresses disapproval or a very serious, important way
Example
He was critically injured in the accident.
Il a été gravement blessé dans l'accident.
A1 verb (first person singular of 'be') /æm/

am

je
Meaning
the first person singular present tense of 'be'
Example
I am happy today.
Aujourd'hui, je suis heureux.
B2 noun /ˈsɪnˌdroʊm/

syndrome

syndrome
Meaning
a group of symptoms that occur together and characterize a condition or disease
Example
Down syndrome affects a person's physical and mental development.
Le syndrome de Down affecte le développement physique et mental d'une personne.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.tɪ.nəns/

continence

continence
Meaning
self-restraint, especially regarding bodily functions or desires
Example
He practiced continence to maintain focus on his studies.
Il a pratiqué la continence pour maintenir son attention sur ses études.
B2 adjective /ˈpɒlɪʃt/

polished

soigné, raffiné et élégant
Meaning
refined, sophisticated, and elegant in appearance or behavior
Example
She gave a polished performance at the recital.
Elle a donné une performance soignée lors du récital.
C1 noun /ˈtrɪnɪti/

trinity

trinité
Meaning
a group of three closely related things; in Christianity, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit
Example
The museum’s exhibit focused on a trinity of themes: memory, identity, and power.
L'exposition du musée s'est concentrée sur une trinité de thèmes : mémoire, identité et pouvoir.
C2 adjective /stɛnˈtɔːriən/

stentorian

tonitruant
Meaning
Extremely loud and powerful in sound.
Example
The teacher’s stentorian voice quieted the noisy classroom.
La voix tonitruante du professeur a calmé la classe bruyante.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

ferme, fidèle
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
Elle est une défenseure ferme de la protection de l'environnement.
B2 noun draʊt

drought

sécheresse
Meaning
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall; a shortage of water.
Example
Drought impacts crop growth significantly.
La sécheresse impacte de manière significative la croissance des cultures.
C2 noun /trænsˈluːsəns/

translucence

semi-transparence
Meaning
the quality of allowing light to pass through but not detailed shapes
Example
The translucence of the curtains filled the room with soft light.
La semi-transparence des rideaux remplissait la pièce de lumière douce.
C2 noun /ˈdʒuː.dɪˌkeɪ.tʃər/

judicature

système judiciaire
Meaning
the administration of justice or the system of courts
Example
The judicature ensures that laws are fairly applied.
Le système judiciaire veille à ce que les lois soient appliquées de manière équitable.
C1 noun /ˌkɒnfləˈɡreɪʃən/

conflagaration

faute d'orthographe (de 'conflagration')
Meaning
This is a common misspelling of 'conflagration', which means a large, destructive fire.
Example
The term 'conflagaration' is often incorrectly used instead of 'conflagration'.
Le terme 'conflagaration' est souvent utilisé à tort à la place de 'conflagration'.
C2 noun /ˌɛləˈkjuːʃn/

elocution

élocution
Meaning
The skill of clear and expressive speech, especially in public speaking.
Example
She improved her elocution through constant practice.
Elle a amélioré son élocution grâce à une pratique constante.
C2 noun /klaɪm/

clime

climat
Meaning
A region defined by its climate.
Example
He traveled to warmer climes during the winter.
Il a voyagé dans des climats plus chauds pendant l'hiver.
C2 verb /ˈfɛstər/

fester

empirer, s'intensifier
Meaning
to become worse or more intense, often through neglect or infection
Example
If grievances are ignored, they may fester into resentment.
Si les plaintes sont ignorées, elles peuvent devenir du ressentiment.
A2 pronoun /ðɛərz/

theirs

à eux
Meaning
belonging to them; that which is theirs
Example
This book is theirs, not ours.
Ce livre est à eux, pas à nous.
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

saboteur
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
Le saboteur a été arrêté avant qu'il ne puisse planter la bombe.
A2 noun /ˈdeɪn.dʒər/

danger

danger
Meaning
The possibility of harm, injury, or loss.
Example
The hikers were in great danger during the storm.
Les randonneurs étaient en grand danger pendant la tempête.
C1 adjective /ˈɪntrɪkət/

intricate

complexe
Meaning
very detailed, complex, and difficult to understand
Example
The artist created an intricate pattern on the wall.
L'artiste a créé un motif complexe sur le mur.
B2 adjective /ˈædvɜːrs/

Adverse

adverse; défavorable; négatif
Meaning
harmful; unfavorable; opposing; negative
Example
The adverse weather conditions forced them to cancel the event.
Les conditions météorologiques adverses les ont obligés à annuler l'événement.
C1 noun ˈnɛktər

Nectar

nectar
Meaning
A sweet liquid produced by flowers that serves as food for butterflies.
Example
Butterflies drink nectar from flowers.
Les papillons boivent du nectar des fleurs.
C1 adjective /ˈspaɪni/

spiny

épineux
Meaning
covered with or full of spines; having sharp points
Example
The spiny cactus stood tall in the desert.
Le cactus épineux se dressait haut dans le désert.
B1 noun /ˈvæk.siːn/

Vaccine

vaccin
Meaning
a substance that is put into the body to prevent a disease
Example
The COVID-19 vaccine has helped reduce severe illness.
Le vaccin contre le COVID-19 a contribué à réduire les maladies graves.
B2 noun ˈtreɪd.ɒf

trade-off

compromis
Meaning
A situation where accepting one advantage means giving up another benefit.
Example
There is always a trade-off between price and quality.
Il y a toujours un compromis entre le prix et la qualité.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈjuː.ʒu.əl/

Unusual

inhabituel; étrange;
Meaning
not typical; strange; different from what is normal
Example
She wore an unusual dress to the party.
Elle portait une robe inhabituelle à la fête.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpoʊz/

repose

repos
Meaning
a state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie in a peaceful position
Example
After the long journey, she sought repose in the quiet garden.
Après le long voyage, elle chercha le repos dans le jardin tranquille.
C2 verb /ˈvæsɪleɪt/

vacillate

bonheur
Meaning
to waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive
Example
He vacillated between studying law and becoming a writer.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher sa joie lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈkɔːrdən/

cordon

cordon de sécurité
Meaning
a line or circle of police, soldiers, or guards preventing access
Example
The police set up a cordon around the crime scene.
La police a établi un cordon autour de la scène du crime.
B1 noun /ɪmˈprɛʃən/

impression

impression, concept
Meaning
an idea, feeling, or opinion about something or someone
Example
The book gave me a good first impression.
Le livre m'a donné une bonne première impression.
C2 noun /kɪln/

kiln

four de potier
Meaning
a furnace or oven for burning, baking, or drying, especially one for firing pottery or bricks
Example
The potter placed the clay pots into the kiln for firing.
Le potier a placé les pots en argile dans le four de potier pour les cuire.
B2 noun səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti

sustainability

durabilité
Meaning
The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain ecological balance.
Example
Sustainability ensures long-term environmental health.
La durabilité assure la santé environnementale à long terme.
B2 adjective /prəˈnaʊnst/

pronounced

prononcé
Meaning
very noticeable or strongly marked
Example
There is a pronounced difference between the two styles.
Il y a une différence prononcée entre les deux styles.
B2 adjective /ˌpoʊstˈwɔːr/

post-war

d'après-guerre
Meaning
relating to the period after a war has ended
Example
The country experienced rapid economic growth in the post-war years.
Le pays a connu une croissance rapide dans les années d'après-guerre.
C1 adjective /ˈpʊʃi/

pushy

insistant
Meaning
excessively assertive or aggressive, often annoyingly so
Example
The salesperson was too pushy, which drove customers away.
Le vendeur était trop insistant, ce qui a fait fuir les clients.
B2 verb /nɒd/

nod

hocher la tête
Meaning
to move one's head down and up to show agreement or acknowledgment
Example
She nodded in agreement with the proposal.
Elle a hoché la tête en signe d'accord avec la proposition.
C1 adjective bəˈnev.əl.ənt

benevolent

bienveillant, généreux, compatissant
Meaning
Kind, generous, showing goodwill and kindness.
Example
His benevolent nature made him beloved.
Sa nature bienveillante l'a rendu très aimé.
A2 noun /ˈæk.sɪ.dənt/

accident

accident
Meaning
An unfortunate incident that happens unexpectedly and unintentionally.
Example
Safety measures aim to prevent accidents.
Les mesures de sécurité visent à prévenir les accidents.
C1 verb /əˈtɛst/

attest

attester
Meaning
To provide or serve as clear evidence of; to confirm or certify the truth of something.
Example
The witness attested to the accuracy of the report.
Le témoin a attesté de l'exactitude du rapport.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfɛktʃuəl/

effectual

efficace
Meaning
producing a desired or intended effect, often used in formal contexts
Example
Her effectual efforts brought peace to the community.
Ses efforts efficaces ont apporté la paix à la communauté.
C1 verb /ˈbəʊl.stər/

bolster

renforcer
Meaning
To support or strengthen; to prop up.
Example
The new policy aims to bolster economic growth.
La nouvelle politique vise à renforcer la croissance économique.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈnesəserəli/

Unnecessarily

inutillement
Meaning
to a greater extent than is needed; without necessity
Example
Don't worry unnecessarily about the exam.
Ne t'inquiète pas inutilement pour l'examen.
C2 noun, verb /ɡɔːl/

gall

audace, déranger
Meaning
Annoyance, boldness, or to irritate.
Example
She had the gall to question his decision.
Elle avait l'audace de remettre en question sa décision.
C1 adjective /ˈɔːrθədɑːks/

orthodox

orthodoxe
Meaning
conforming to traditional beliefs or practices
Example
He comes from a very orthodox family.
Il vient d'une famille très orthodoxe.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

scieur
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
Le scieur habile a coupé les bûches en planches.
A2 adjective /ˈpriː.vi.əs/

Previous

précédent
Meaning
occurring before in time or order; earlier; former
Example
I reviewed the previous chapter before starting the new one.
J'ai révisé le chapitre précédent avant de commencer le nouveau.
C2 noun /ˈʌmbrɪdʒ/

umbrage

mécontentement, offense
Meaning
A feeling of resentment or offense.
Example
She took umbrage at his rude remark.
Elle s'est vexée par sa remarque grossière.
C1 adjective /məˈlɪɡnənt/

malignant

malin
Meaning
dangerous or harmful in influence or effect; medically, tending to invade and destroy tissue
Example
Doctors confirmed that the tumor was malignant.
Les médecins ont confirmé que la tumeur était maligne.
B2 verb /daɪˈdʒest/

digest

digérer
Meaning
to break down food in the body; to think about and understand
Example
It takes time to digest a heavy meal.
Il faut du temps pour digérer un repas copieux.
C2 verb /ˈdʒɒɡəl/

joggle

secouer légèrement
Meaning
to shake slightly; to move or cause to move with quick, small jerks
Example
He joggled the table and the vase nearly fell.
Il a secoué la table et le vase a failli tomber.
C2 adjective /kəˈmɛnʃərət/

commensurate

proportionnel
Meaning
corresponding in size, degree, or extent; proportionate
Example
Salary will be commensurate with experience.
Le salaire sera proportionnel à l'expérience.
A1 verb /tɔːk/

talk

parler
Meaning
to speak; to communicate by speaking; to discuss
Example
Let's talk about your future plans.
Parlons de tes projets futurs.
B1 noun /ˈspɪn.ɪtʃ/

Spinach

épinard
Meaning
a vegetable with large dark green leaves that are eaten cooked or uncooked
Example
Fresh spinach is very nutritious.
Les épinards frais sont très nutritifs.
B1 noun ˌɪnspɪˈreɪʃən

inspiration

inspiration
Meaning
The process of being mentally stimulated to do or feel something, especially to do something creative.
Example
His journey to success became an inspiration for many.
Son voyage vers le succès est devenu une inspiration pour beaucoup.
B2 verb /səbˈmɪt/

submit

soumettre
Meaning
to present for consideration; to surrender; to yield
Example
Please submit your assignment by Friday.
Veuillez soumettre votre devoir d'ici vendredi.
B2 noun /ˈweɪtˌlɪftɪŋ/

weightlifting

haltérophilie
Meaning
the sport or activity of lifting heavy weights to build strength and muscle
Example
Weightlifting requires discipline, proper technique, and consistent training.
L’haltérophilie demande de la discipline et une bonne technique.
C2 noun /ˈænsɛstrɪs/

ancestress

ancêtre féminine
Meaning
a female ancestor; a woman from whom one is descended
Example
She discovered that her ancestress came from a small village in Bengal.
Elle a découvert que son ancêtre féminine venait d’un petit village du Bengale.
C1 noun /ˈvaɪəˌleɪtər/

violator

violateur
Meaning
A person who breaks or disregards a law, rule, or agreement.
Example
The police caught the traffic violator at the intersection.
La police a attrapé le violateur du code de la route à l'intersection.
C2 adjective ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs

surreptitious

secret
Meaning
Kept secret, especially because it would not be approved of; done stealthily.
Example
She took a surreptitious glance at his notes.
Elle jeta un regard furtif sur ses notes.