forthrightness
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C2 noun /ˈfɔːθ.raɪt.nəs/

forthrightness

honnêteté
Meaning
The quality of being honest and straightforward; directness.
Example
Her forthrightness made her a respected journalist.
Sa forthrightness a fait d'elle une journaliste respectée.
C2 adjective /ɪnˈkɒnstənt/

inconstant

inconstant
Meaning
frequently changing; not consistent or dependable
Example
His inconstant moods made it difficult to work with him.
Ses humeurs inconstantes rendaient difficile de travailler avec lui.
C2 noun /ˈhɔɪdən/

hoyden

fille turbulente
Meaning
a boisterous or tomboyish girl
Example
The hoyden preferred climbing trees to playing with dolls.
La fille turbulente préférait grimper aux arbres plutôt que de jouer avec des poupées.
B2 verb əˈteɪnd

attained

atteint
Meaning
Succeeded in achieving (something that one desires and has worked for); reached a specified age, size, or amount.
Example
The region attained remarkable progress.
La région a atteint des progrès remarquables.
B2 noun /dɪˈsper/

Despair

désespoir
Meaning
the complete loss or absence of hope; a state of feeling hopeless
Example
After losing his job, he fell into despair and couldn't see any way forward.
Après avoir perdu son travail, il est tombé dans le désespoir et ne pouvait voir aucun moyen de continuer.
C2 adjective /ˈpaɪbɔːld/

piebald

à taches de deux couleurs
Meaning
having irregular patches of two colors, especially black and white
Example
The farmer owns a piebald horse with black and white spots.
Le fermier possède un cheval piebald avec des taches noires et blanches.
C1 adjective /ˈdiːviəs/

devious

sournois
Meaning
Skillful at using underhanded tactics to achieve goals; not straightforward.
Example
He used a devious plan to gain control of the company.
Il a utilisé un plan sournois pour prendre le contrôle de l'entreprise.
C2 adjective /ˈkrɛdʒʊləs/

credulous

crédule
Meaning
Having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.
Example
The credulous child believed every story she heard.
L'enfant crédule croyait chaque histoire qu'elle entendait.
C1 verb /ˈmɑːrdʒɪnəlaɪz/

marginalize

marginaliser, mettre à l'écart
Meaning
To treat a person or group as unimportant or insignificant.
Example
The policy marginalized minority communities.
La politique a marginalisé les communautés minoritaires.
C1 verb /slɪŋ/

sling

lancer, suspendre
Meaning
to throw or hang something roughly or carelessly
Example
He slung his bag over his shoulder before leaving.
Il a jeté son sac par-dessus son épaule avant de partir.
A1 noun/verb /fɪlm/

film

film
Meaning
a motion picture or movie; or to record on camera
Example
They watched a film together on the weekend.
Ils ont regardé un film ensemble ce week-end.
C2 adjective /səˈleɪʃəs/

salacious

lascif
Meaning
Having or conveying undue or inappropriate sexual interest.
Example
The tabloid published a salacious story about the celebrity.
Le tabloïd a publié une histoire lascive sur la célébrité.
B1 noun /kəʊˌɒp.ərˈeɪ.ʃən/

cooperation

coopération
Meaning
The process of working together to the same end.
Example
Cooperation ensures effective problem-solving.
La coopération assure une résolution efficace des problèmes.
C2 noun /ˈfiːəlti/

fealty

fidélité et allégeance
Meaning
loyalty or allegiance, especially to a sovereign or lord
Example
The knight swore fealty to his king.
Le chevalier prêta fidélité à son roi.
C2 noun /ˌfoʊ.nəˈlɑː.dʒi/

phonology

phonologie
Meaning
the study of the sound system of a language
Example
She is studying phonology to understand how sounds function in English.
Elle étudie la phonologie pour comprendre comment les sons fonctionnent en anglais.
B2 noun /vaɪn/

vine

vigne
Meaning
a climbing or trailing plant with long stems; a plant that produces grapes
Example
The vine climbed up the wall and covered it with green leaves.
La vigne a grimpé le long du mur et l’a couvert de feuilles vertes.
C1 noun /ˈpɛrəntɪdʒ/

parentage

ascendance
Meaning
The identity and origins of one's parents; descent or lineage.
Example
Her noble parentage gave her access to the royal court.
Sa noble ascendance lui a donné accès à la cour royale.
C1 noun /ˈæmplɪtjuːd/

amplitude

amplitude
Meaning
the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, or the size of something
Example
The amplitude of the earthquake was measured on the Richter scale.
L'amplitude du tremblement de terre a été mesurée sur l'échelle de Richter.
C2 noun /ˈɡræn.tɔːr/

grantor

donateur
Meaning
A person or entity that makes a grant or transfers property or rights to another.
Example
The grantor transferred the property rights to the nonprofit organization.
Le donateur a transféré les droits de propriété à l'organisation à but non lucratif.
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

cynique; personne sceptique
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
Le vieux cynique croyait que les politiciens ne se souciaient que d'obtenir des voix.
C2 noun /ˈmeɪsə/

mesa

mesa
Meaning
An isolated flat-topped hill with steep sides, found in arid regions.
Example
The hikers stopped to admire the mesa rising above the desert floor.
Les randonneurs se sont arrêtés pour admirer la méssa qui s'élevait au-dessus du sol du désert.
B2 noun /ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃər/

expenditure

dépense
Meaning
The action of spending funds; an amount of money spent.
Example
Managing expenditure is critical for budgeting.
Gérer les dépenses est essentiel pour établir un budget.
C2 noun /ˌniːoʊˈlætɪn/

neo-latin

néo-latin
Meaning
The use of Latin language for scholarly, scientific, and literary purposes after the medieval period.
Example
Many scientific names are derived from Neo-Latin.
De nombreux noms scientifiques sont dérivés du néo-latin.
B1 noun, verb /eɪd/

aid

aide
Meaning
help or support, typically of a practical nature
Example
The volunteers provided aid to the flood victims.
Les bénévoles ont fourni de l'aide aux victimes de l'inondation.
B2 noun /ˌkwes.tʃəˈneər/

questionnaire

questionnaire
Meaning
a set of written questions used to collect information or opinions
Example
Participants filled out a detailed questionnaire about their habits.
Les participants ont rempli un questionnaire détaillé sur leurs habitudes.
B2 noun /ˈblɒkˌtʃeɪn/

blockchain

chaîne de blocs
Meaning
A system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system
Example
Blockchain technology ensures transparency in financial transactions.
La technologie blockchain assure la transparence des transactions financières.
B2 noun /ˈpleɪsmənt/

placement

placement ou affectation
Meaning
the act of putting something or someone in a particular position or job
Example
The company arranged job placement for the graduates.
L'entreprise a organisé le placement des diplômés.
C2 noun /ˈsɛm.ɪ.nɛr.i/

seminary

séminaire
Meaning
A school or college for training priests, ministers, or rabbis.
Example
He decided to enroll in a seminary to study theology.
Il a décidé de s'inscrire dans un séminaire pour étudier la théologie.
C1 verb /mɑːrd/

marred

gâcher
Meaning
to spoil or damage the quality or appearance of something
Example
The celebration was marred by bad weather.
La célébration a été gâchée par le mauvais temps.
C1 noun /ˈmʌs.tərd siːdz/

Mustard seeds

graines de moutarde
Meaning
small round seeds from the mustard plant, used as a spice and for making mustard condiment
Example
Mustard seeds are often tempered in hot oil to release their nutty flavor before adding to dishes.
Les graines de moutarde sont souvent tempérées dans de l'huile chaude pour libérer leur saveur de noisette avant d'être ajoutées aux plats.
C1 adjective /ˌhoʊlˈhɑːrtɪd/

wholehearted

de tout cœur
Meaning
showing complete sincerity and commitment; fully enthusiastic
Example
She gave her wholehearted support to the project.
Elle a donné son soutien de tout cœur au projet.
C2 verb əˈtɛn.ju.eɪt

attenuate

atténuer
Meaning
To reduce the force, effect, or value of something; to make weak or thin.
Example
The medicine helps attenuate the pain.
Le médicament aide à atténuer la douleur.
A2 noun /ˈɑːrtɪkl/

article

article
Meaning
a piece of writing included in a newspaper, magazine, or journal
Example
He wrote an article about climate change.
Il a écrit un article sur le changement climatique.
A1 noun /koʊld drɪŋk/

Cold drink

boisson froide
Meaning
A chilled beverage; a refreshing drink served cold
Example
I ordered a cold drink to beat the summer heat.
J'ai commandé une boisson froide pour échapper à la chaleur de l'été.
A1 noun /ɡaɪ/

guy

mec
Meaning
an informal term for a man; sometimes used to refer to a person in general
Example
That guy over there is my best friend.
Ce mec là-bas est mon meilleur ami.
C1 verb /ˈsɛvər/

sever

couper, rompre des relations
Meaning
to cut off or separate, especially by cutting; to end a connection or relationship
Example
He had to sever ties with the company after the dispute.
Il a dû rompre ses liens avec l'entreprise après le différend.
C1 noun /ˈæpəθi/

apathy

apathie
Meaning
a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
Example
The students showed apathy towards the new rules.
Les étudiants ont montré de l'apathie envers les nouvelles règles.
C2 verb /ˈflædʒəˌleɪt/

flagellate

flageller ou se fouetter comme une forme de punition ou d'autodiscipline
Meaning
to whip or flog someone, either literally or as a form of punishment or self-discipline
Example
In history, some monks would flagellate themselves as penance.
Dans l'histoire, certains moines se flagellaient comme pénitence.
B2 adverb /wɛərˈbaɪ/

whereby

par lequel
Meaning
by which; because of which
Example
The company agreed to a contract whereby it would pay the penalty.
L'entreprise a accepté un contrat par lequel elle paierait la pénalité.
C2 noun /ˈɛpəlɛt/

epaulette

épaulette
Meaning
A variant spelling of epaulet, also meaning a shoulder ornament, especially on military uniforms.
Example
The officer’s epaulette shone brightly under the sunlight.
L'épaulette de l'officier brillait sous la lumière du soleil.
C1 noun ˈkiː.stəʊn ˈspiː.ʃiːz

keystone species

espèce clé
Meaning
A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.
Example
Wolves are a keystone species that regulate prey populations.
Les loups sont une espèce clé qui régule les populations de proies.
B2 verb ˈjuːnɪfaɪ

unify

unifier
Meaning
To make or become united, uniform, or whole; to bring together into a single unit.
Example
Adolescents unify with peers for social acceptance.
Les adolescents s'unifient avec leurs pairs pour l'acceptation sociale.
C1 noun /ˈtɒpˌsɔɪl/

topsoil

terre arable
Meaning
the top layer of soil, which is rich in organic matter and nutrients
Example
Farmers rely on healthy topsoil for good crop yields.
Les agriculteurs dépendent d'une terre arable saine pour obtenir de bons rendements.
C1 adjective /ˈhæloʊd/

hallowed

sacré
Meaning
regarded as holy or greatly respected
Example
They walked across the hallowed halls of the old university.
Ils ont traversé les sacrés couloirs de la vieille université.
B2 adjective /suːˈpriːm/

Supreme

suprême
Meaning
highest in rank, authority, or quality; greatest; most important
Example
The Supreme Court made the final decision.
La Cour suprême a pris la décision finale.
B2 adjective /fɪərs/

Fierce

féroce; agressif; montrant un sentiment ou une détermination forte
Meaning
violent; aggressive; showing strong feeling or determination
Example
The fierce storm destroyed many houses in the village.
La tempête féroce a détruit de nombreuses maisons dans le village.
B2 adjective /ˈdæz.lɪŋ/

Dazzling

éblouissant; impressionnant
Meaning
extremely bright and impressive; brilliant and stunning
Example
The dazzling lights of the city amazed the tourists.
Les lumières éblouissantes de la ville ont émerveillé les touristes.
B2 verb /ˈɛskɔrt/

escort

escorter
Meaning
to accompany someone; to guide or protect while going somewhere
Example
The guard escorted the visitor to the office.
Le garde a escorté le visiteur au bureau.
C1 noun /brɪm/

Brim

bord; liseré
Meaning
the projecting edge of a hat; the edge or lip of something
Example
The wide brim of his hat protected him from the scorching sun.
Le large bord de son chapeau le protégeait du soleil brûlant.
C2 verb /dɪsˈɡɔːrdʒ/

disgorge

vomir, déverser
Meaning
to discharge or pour out; to vomit; to give up reluctantly
Example
The broken pipe disgorged water all over the floor.
Le tuyau cassé a déversé de l'eau sur tout le sol.
B2 noun /maɪˈnɔːr.ɪ.ti/

minority

minorité
Meaning
A smaller number or part, especially a group differing from the majority.
Example
The law aims to protect the rights of ethnic minorities.
La loi vise à protéger les droits des minorités ethniques.
B1 adverb /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

Absolutely

absolument; totalement; sans exception
Meaning
completely; totally; without exception
Example
I absolutely agree with your decision.
Je suis absolument d'accord avec ta décision.
A2 noun /əˈbɪləti/

Ability

capacité; compétence
Meaning
the power or skill to do something; capacity
Example
She has the ability to solve complex problems.
Elle a la capacité de résoudre des problèmes complexes.
C2 noun /ˈdɒɡərəl/

doggerel

vers ridicule
Meaning
Comic or irregular verse, often poorly constructed and lacking in artistic quality.
Example
The poet’s work was dismissed as mere doggerel by the critics.
Le travail du poète a été rejeté comme simple vers ridicule par les critiques.
A2 noun /wɛb/

web

toile d'araignée
Meaning
a network of fine threads spun by a spider or a complex interconnected system
Example
The spider spun a large web in the corner of the room.
L araignee a tisse une grande toile dans le coin de la piece.
C2 noun /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈkem.ɪ.kəlz/

phytochemicals

phytocomposés
Meaning
Natural chemical compounds produced by plants that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition, often having antioxidant properties.
Example
Phytochemicals in green tea help reduce inflammation.
Les phytocomposés dans le thé vert aident à réduire l'inflammation.
B1 adjective /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/

Ambitious

ambitieux/ambitieuse
Meaning
having strong desire for success or achievement; aspiring
Example
She is ambitious and works hard to achieve her goals.
Elle est ambitieuse et travaille dur pour atteindre ses objectifs.
A2 noun /vəˈkæbjʊləri/

vocabulary

vocabulaire
Meaning
the set of words known and used by a person, group, or language; the words used in a particular field or subject
Example
Reading every day helps improve your vocabulary.
Lire chaque jour aide à améliorer votre vocabulaire.
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

privatisation
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
La privatisation des entreprises publiques a augmenté l'efficacité.
A1 adverb /ˈɔːfən/

often

souvent
Meaning
frequently, many times
Example
I often visit my grandparents on weekends.
Je visite souvent mes grands-parents le week-end.
C1 verb /əˈkwɪt/

acquit

acquitter
Meaning
to declare someone not guilty of a criminal charge; to conduct oneself in a specified way
Example
The jury decided to acquit the defendant of all charges.
Le jury a décidé d'acquitter le défendeur de toutes les charges.
C1 noun /ˈoʊvərˌtoʊn/

overtone

connotation subtile
Meaning
A subtle quality, implication, or additional meaning beyond the obvious.
Example
His speech had political overtones that were hard to ignore.
Son discours avait des connotations politiques qu'il était difficile d'ignorer.
A2 noun /ˈspiːkər/

speaker

orateur
Meaning
a person who speaks or talks, especially as an occupation
Example
The speaker delivered an inspiring speech at the conference.
L'orateur a prononcé un discours inspirant à la conférence.
B1 noun /ˈɛldər/

elder

aîné
Meaning
a person who is older or has higher rank; an older person in a family or community
Example
We should always respect our elders.
Nous devons toujours respecter nos aînés.
C1 adjective /ˈmuː.və.bl̩/

Movable

mobile; portable; déplaçable
Meaning
capable of being moved; not fixed in position
Example
The furniture is movable so we can rearrange the room easily.
Le mobilier est mobile, nous pouvons donc réorganiser la pièce facilement.
B1 noun /træm kɑːr/

Tram car

tramway
Meaning
An electric vehicle that runs on rails along the street
Example
The tram car stopped at every station in the city center.
Le tramway s'est arrêté à chaque station du centre-ville.
B1 noun /piː/

Pea

pois
Meaning
a small round green seed eaten as a vegetable
Example
The children enjoyed eating sweet peas with dinner.
Les enfants ont apprécié de manger des pois sucrés avec le dîner.
B1 adjective /ˌɛdjuˈkeɪʃənl/

educational

éducatif
Meaning
Relating to the provision of education or having an educative effect.
Example
The journey was an educational experience.
Le voyage était une expérience éducative.
C2 adjective /hɜːrˈbeɪʃəs/

herbaceous

herbacé
Meaning
Relating to or resembling herbs; plants with soft, non-woody stems.
Example
The garden was filled with herbaceous plants that thrived in the summer.
Le jardin était rempli de plantes herbacées qui ont prospéré pendant l'été.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

imprudent
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
C'était imprudent de sa part de mentionner le plan en public.
B1 noun /ˈtiː.pɒt/

Tea-pot

théière
Meaning
a container with a lid, handle, and spout for brewing and serving tea
Example
She poured hot water into the tea-pot to make tea.
Elle a versé de l'eau chaude dans la théière pour préparer du thé.
C2 noun /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/

perspicacity

perspicacité
Meaning
Sharp insight, keen understanding and discernment.
Example
Her perspicacity in business decisions led to success.
Sa perspicacité dans les décisions commerciales a mené au succès.
C1 adjective /ˈfɔːrθˌraɪt/

forthright

direct
Meaning
Direct and honest in speech or behavior; straightforward.
Example
She was forthright in her criticism of the policy.
Elle a été directe dans sa critique de la politique.
C1 noun /ˌædməˈnɪʃən/

admonition

avertissement
Meaning
a firm warning or reprimand; gentle or earnest advice
Example
He received an admonition for his careless work.
Il a reçu un avertissement pour son travail négligent.
C2 verb /əˈdʒʌdʒ/

adjudge

juger
Meaning
to consider or declare officially in a legal or formal manner
Example
He was adjudged guilty by the court.
Il a été déclaré coupable par le tribunal.
B2 verb /ˌmɪsbɪˈheɪv/

misbehave

mal se comporter
Meaning
to behave badly or inappropriately; to act in an unacceptable way
Example
The children misbehaved during the school assembly.
Les enfants se sont mal comportés pendant l'assemblée de l'école.
C2 adjective /ˈbrækɪʃ/

brackish

salé
Meaning
Slightly salty, often describing water that is a mix of fresh and seawater.
Example
The river estuary contained brackish water.
L'estuaire du fleuve contenait de l'eau salée.
C2 verb /baɪd/

bide

attendre
Meaning
to wait patiently for the right time or opportunity
Example
He decided to bide his time before making a move.
Il a décidé d'attendre son moment avant de faire un mouvement.
B1 verb /kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ/

continuing

continuant
Meaning
to keep doing something without stopping
Example
They are continuing their journey despite the rain.
Ils continuent leur voyage malgré la pluie.
B1 adjective /ˈkeɪ.pə.bəl/

Capable

capable; compétent
Meaning
having the ability, fitness, or quality necessary to do or achieve something; competent
Example
She is capable of handling complex problems.
Elle est capable de résoudre des problèmes complexes.
A2 noun /ˈloʊ.kəl/

Local

local; régional
Meaning
belonging or relating to a particular area or neighborhood; a person living in a particular area
Example
The local people are very friendly.
Les gens locaux sont très amicaux.
C1 adjective /ˌwɛlˈbrɛd/

well-bred

bien élevé
Meaning
Having or showing good manners; properly raised.
Example
She is a well-bred young lady with excellent manners.
C'est une jeune femme bien élevée avec d'excellentes manières.
C2 noun /ˌmɪstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/

mystification

mystification, confusion
Meaning
the act of making something unclear or confusing; a state of being puzzled or bewildered
Example
The audience watched in mystification as the magician performed his tricks.
Le public regardait dans la mystification pendant que le magicien réalisait ses tours.
C1 noun /pɒmp/

pomp

pompe, splendeur
Meaning
ceremonial display or splendor; grandeur
Example
The graduation ceremony was full of pomp and circumstance.
La cérémonie de remise des diplômes était pleine de pompe et de splendeur.
C2 adjective /splɪˈnɛtɪk/

splenetic

irritable, colérique
Meaning
bad-tempered, irritable, spiteful
Example
His splenetic remarks offended everyone in the room.
Ses remarques colériques ont offensé tout le monde dans la pièce.
C1 adjective /ləˈbɔːr.i.əs/

laborious

laborieux
Meaning
requiring considerable effort and time; difficult and hard-working
Example
Writing the long report was a laborious task.
Écrire le long rapport était une tâche laborieuse.
B2 adjective /ˈɒp.tɪ.məl/

optimal

optimal, le plus favorable
Meaning
Best or most favorable; the most effective under particular conditions.
Example
The optimal temperature for plant growth is around 25°C.
La température optimale pour la croissance des plantes est d'environ 25°C.
C2 verb /θrɛʃ/

thresh

battre
Meaning
to separate grain from the plant by beating or by using a machine
Example
Farmers used machines to thresh the wheat after harvest.
Les agriculteurs ont utilisé des machines pour battre le blé après la récolte.
C1 noun /ˈædɪdʒ/

adage

proverbe
Meaning
a short, well-known saying that expresses a general truth or piece of advice
Example
The old adage says that honesty is the best policy.
Le vieux proverbe dit que l'honnêteté est la meilleure politique.
B2 noun /juːˈtɪl.ə.ti/

Utility

utilité; bénéfice; service public
Meaning
the state of being useful, profitable, or beneficial; a public service
Example
The utility of solar panels increases with rising electricity costs.
L'utilité des panneaux solaires augmente avec la hausse des coûts de l'électricité.
C2 verb /kɔːk/

caulk

calfeutrer
Meaning
to seal a crack or gap with a waterproof filler
Example
He caulked the window frames to stop the draft.
Il a calfeutré les cadres de fenêtres pour arrêter le courant d'air.
C1 noun ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

inefficiency

inefficacité
Meaning
The state or quality of not achieving maximum productivity; failure to make the best use of time or resources.
Example
Government inefficiency leads to slow project completion.
L'inefficacité du gouvernement entraîne une réalisation lente du projet.
A2 verb /əˈreɪndʒ/

arrange

organiser
Meaning
to organize or put in order; to plan or prepare
Example
She arranged the flowers in a vase.
Elle a arrangé les fleurs dans un vase.
C2 verb /meɪm/

maim

estropier
Meaning
To wound or injure someone so that part of the body is permanently damaged.
Example
The accident maimed several passengers.
L'accident a estropié plusieurs passagers.
C2 noun /kəmˈpleɪsəns/

complacence

Meaning
a feeling of quiet pleasure or self-satisfaction, often without awareness of potential danger
Example
His complacence prevented him from noticing the risks.
B1 noun /ˈfɑːrməsi/

pharmacy

pharmacie
Meaning
A place where medicinal drugs are prepared and sold.
Example
I went to the pharmacy to buy antibiotics.
Je suis allé à la pharmacie acheter des antibiotiques.
B2 noun ˈweə.rə.bəl dɪˈvaɪ.sɪz

wearable devices

dispositifs portables
Meaning
Electronic devices that can be worn on the body, typically incorporating smart technology for monitoring health or providing information.
Example
Wearable devices help monitor heart rate and physical activity.
Les dispositifs portables aident à surveiller le rythme cardiaque et l'activité physique.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɔːndɪst/

jaundiced

partial / envieux / affecté par la jaunisse
Meaning
Affected by or displaying prejudice, envy, or bitterness; also refers to having a yellowish discoloration of the skin due to jaundice.
Example
She gave a jaundiced view of the project after her proposal was rejected.
Elle a donné une vision partiale du projet après que sa proposition ait été rejetée.
B1 adjective /ˈɡɪvən/

given

donné
Meaning
Specified or stated; already decided or certain.
Example
It is a given fact that hard work leads to success.
Il est un fait donné que le travail acharné mène au succès.
C2 noun /ˈɡævəl/

gavel

marteau
Meaning
A small ceremonial mallet used by a judge or an auctioneer to signal attention or mark a decision.
Example
The judge struck the gavel to call the court to order.
Le juge a frappé le marteau pour ordonner l'ouverture de l'audience.
C1 noun /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/

turmoil

tourmente
Meaning
A state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.
Example
The political turmoil led to mass protests.
Le turmoil politique a conduit à des manifestations de masse.
A1 verb /wɒʃ/

wash

laver
Meaning
to clean with water; to remove dirt
Example
Please wash your hands before eating.
S'il vous plaît, lavez vos mains avant de manger.
B1 noun /dɪˈsɪʒənˌmeɪkɪŋ/

decision-making

prise de décision
Meaning
the process of making decisions, especially important or business-related decisions
Example
The CEO's decision-making was crucial for the success of the company.
La prise de décision du PDG était cruciale pour le succès de l'entreprise.
C2 verb /məˈkadəˌmaɪz/

macadamize

recouvrir une route avec des pierres cassées
Meaning
to construct or cover a road with broken stone
Example
The government decided to macadamize the old rural roads.
Le gouvernement a décidé de macadamiser les vieilles routes rurales.
C2 noun /ˈkɒŋ.ɡru.əns/

congruence

congruence
Meaning
Harmony, compatibility and agreement between different elements.
Example
The congruence between their ideas made collaboration easy.
La congruence entre leurs idées a facilité la collaboration.
C2 verb /lɔːd/

laud

louer
Meaning
To praise someone or something highly, especially in public.
Example
The critic lauded the actor's performance as a masterpiece.
Le critique a loué la performance de l'acteur comme un chef-d'œuvre.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈsiːt/

reseat

réinstaller
Meaning
to seat someone again or to fit something back into its place
Example
The usher had to reseat the guests after the interruption.
Le préposé a dû réinstaller les invités après l'interruption.
C2 verb /ˈmɔːrtɪfaɪ/

mortify

mortifier
Meaning
to cause someone to feel great embarrassment or shame
Example
She was mortified when she tripped on stage.
Elle était mortifiée lorsqu'elle a trébuché sur scène.
B2 verb /ʌnˈtaɪ/

untie

délier
Meaning
to loosen or remove a knot or binding; to release something that is tied
Example
She untied the rope to free the boat.
Elle a délié la corde pour libérer le bateau.
C1 noun /ˈkændɪdnəs/

candidness

franchise
Meaning
The quality of being open, honest, and straightforward
Example
Her candidness during the meeting impressed everyone.
Sa franchise pendant la réunion a impressionné tout le monde.
C1 noun /ˌæf.ɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/

affirmation

affirmation
Meaning
The action or process of affirming something or being affirmed; emotional support or encouragement.
Example
Daily affirmation of self-worth boosts confidence.
L'affirmation quotidienne de la valeur de soi renforce la confiance.
B2 noun ˌbaɪ.oʊ.dɪˈvɝː.sə.t̬i

biodiversity

biodiversité
Meaning
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Example
Rainforests are home to immense biodiversity.
Les forêts tropicales abritent une grande biodiversité.
B1 noun /ʃɒk/

shock

choc
Meaning
a sudden upsetting or surprising event or experience
Example
The news of his sudden departure was a shock to everyone.
La nouvelle de son départ soudain a été un choc pour tout le monde.
C2 noun /dɪˈsɪstəns/

desistance

désistance
Meaning
The act of stopping or ceasing from some action or behavior.
Example
The court urged his desistance from further unlawful activities.
Le tribunal l'a encouragé à cesser toute activité illégale supplémentaire.
C2 noun /pəˈtruːn/

poltroon

lâche
Meaning
a cowardly person
Example
He acted like a poltroon during the crisis.
Il a agi comme un lâche pendant la crise.
B2 noun /kraɪst/

christ

Christ
Meaning
the title given to Jesus, considered the Messiah in Christianity
Example
Christ is central to Christian faith.
Le Christ est au centre de la foi chrétienne.
C2 adjective /ˈpɛktərəl/

pectoral

pectoral
Meaning
Relating to the chest or breast.
Example
The athlete focused on strengthening his pectoral muscles.
L'athlète s'est concentré sur le renforcement de ses muscles pectoraux.
C2 noun /ˈluː.nə.si/

lunacy

folie
Meaning
Extreme foolishness or madness; insanity.
Example
It was sheer lunacy to go hiking in the storm.
C'était de la pure folie de faire de la randonnée sous la tempête.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈbæntərɪŋ/

bantering

plaisanter
Meaning
characterized by good-humored teasing or joking
Example
They had a bantering conversation at the café.
Ils ont eu une conversation en plaisantant au café.
C2 noun /ˈæmjʊlət/

Amulet

amulette; talisman
Meaning
an ornament or small piece of jewelry thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease
Example
She wore a silver amulet around her neck for good luck.
Elle portait un amulette en argent autour du cou pour la chance.
B2 noun /dəˈmeɪn/

domain

domaine
Meaning
An area of knowledge, activity, or territory over which control is exercised.
Example
Mathematics is her main domain of expertise.
Les mathématiques sont son principal domaine d'expertise.