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B2 adjective /flɔːd/

flawed

défectueux
Meaning
having a mistake or fault that reduces its value or quality
Example
The flawed design of the car led to a recall.
Le design défectueux de la voiture a conduit à un rappel.
C1 adjective /ˈtrænziənt/

Transient

transitoire; temporaire
Meaning
lasting for only a short time; temporary
Example
The beauty of spring flowers is transient.
La beauté des fleurs de printemps est transitoire.
C2 noun ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti

magnanimity

magnanimité
Meaning
Generosity in forgiving an insult or injury; forbearance.
Example
His magnanimity towards his competitors was admirable.
Sa magnanimité envers ses compétiteurs était admirable.
C2 adjective /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl/

metaphysical

métaphysique
Meaning
Relating to the branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental nature of reality and existence.
Example
He spent years studying metaphysical questions about life and being.
Il a passé des années à étudier des questions métaphysiques sur la vie et l'être.
C2 adjective ˌɪm.pəˈtɜː.bə.bəl

imperturbable

imperturbable
Meaning
Unable to be upset or excited; not easily disturbed.
Example
His imperturbable nature made him a great leader.
Sa nature imperturbable faisait de lui un grand leader.
C1 noun /krʊk/

crook

escroc
Meaning
a dishonest person, especially a criminal
Example
The police finally caught the crook who had been stealing cars.
La police a finalement attrapé l'escroc qui volait des voitures.
C2 verb /ˈɪmprɛɡneɪt/

impregnate

imprégner / rendre enceinte
Meaning
To make pregnant; to fill or saturate with something.
Example
The scientist used a method to impregnate the material with resin.
Le scientifique a utilisé une méthode pour imprégner le matériau de résine.
B2 verb /kənˈfes/

confess

avouer
Meaning
to admit guilt or wrongdoing; to acknowledge
Example
He confessed his mistake to his teacher.
Il a avoué son erreur à son professeur.
C2 noun /ˌɪnˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/

incapability

incapacité
Meaning
lack of ability or power to do something; inability or incompetence
Example
His incapability to manage the team led to serious problems.
Son incapacité à gérer l’équipe a causé de graves problèmes.
B2 noun /ˈɔr.fən.ɪʒ/

Orphanage

orphelinat
Meaning
an institution for the care and education of children who have lost their parents
Example
The charity built a new orphanage for homeless children.
La charité a construit un nouvel orphelinat pour les enfants sans abri.
C1 noun /ˌjuːθəˈneɪʒə/

euthanasia

suicide assisté
Meaning
The practice of intentionally ending a life to relieve pain and suffering.
Example
The debate about euthanasia raises difficult ethical questions.
Le débat sur l'euthanasie soulève des questions éthiques difficiles.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

ferme, fidèle
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
Elle est une défenseure ferme de la protection de l'environnement.
A1 adjective, adverb, pronoun /moʊst/

most

la plupart
Meaning
the greatest in amount, degree, or number
Example
Most people like to relax on weekends.
La plupart des gens aiment se détendre le week-end.
C2 adjective ˌnjʊə.rəʊ.saɪənˈtɪ.fɪk

neuroscientific

relatif à la neurocience
Meaning
Related to the scientific study of the brain and nervous system.
Example
Neuroscientific research helps understand memory retention.
La recherche neuroscientifique aide à comprendre la rétention de la mémoire.
C1 noun proʊˈæktɪv ˈseɪvɪŋ

proactive saving

épargne proactive
Meaning
Actively planning and setting aside money in advance to prepare for future financial needs
Example
Proactive saving ensures financial stability in old age.
L'épargne proactive garantit la stabilité financière à un âge avancé.
C2 verb /ɪnˈsteɪt/

instate

installer
Meaning
To set up in position, office, or authority.
Example
The board decided to instate her as the new director.
Le conseil a décidé de l'instaurer en tant que nouveau directeur.
C1 noun /kənˈtʃɛrtoʊ/

concerto

composition musicale
Meaning
a musical composition for one or more solo instruments accompanied by an orchestra
Example
She played a Mozart concerto with the orchestra.
Elle a joué un concerto de Mozart avec l'orchestre.
C1 noun /ˈɛdɪfɪs/

edifice

bâtiment
Meaning
A large, impressive building or structure.
Example
The museum is an impressive edifice in the city center.
Le musée est un bâtiment impressionnant au centre-ville.
B1 verb ɪnˈkriːsɪŋ

increasing

croissant
Meaning
Becoming or making greater in size, amount, intensity, or degree; growing.
Example
Increasing awareness about education is necessary.
Augmenter la sensibilisation à l'éducation est nécessaire.
C1 noun, verb /buːz/

booze

alcool
Meaning
alcoholic drink, especially strong liquor; to drink alcohol, often excessively
Example
They bought some booze for the party.
Ils ont acheté de l’alcool pour la fête.
B1 adverb /ˈpraʊdli/

proudly

fièrement
Meaning
in a way that shows pride or satisfaction; with a sense of honor or achievement
Example
She proudly displayed her achievements to her family.
Elle a fièrement montré ses réussites à sa famille.
B1 noun /ɪˌlɛkˈtrɒnɪks/

electronics

électronique
Meaning
the branch of physics and technology dealing with circuits and devices using transistors, microchips, and other components
Example
He studied electronics at university.
Il a étudié l'électronique à l'université.
B2 adjective ˈmɒn.ɪ.tri

monetary

monétaire
Meaning
Relating to money or currency.
Example
The monetary implications are significant for investors.
Les implications monétaires sont significatives pour les investisseurs.
B1 noun /ˈleʒ.ər/

Leisure

loisir; temps libre
Meaning
time when one is not working or occupied; free time used for enjoyment
Example
She enjoys reading books in her leisure time.
Elle aime lire des livres pendant son temps libre.
C2 noun /liːdʒ/

liege

seigneur féodal
Meaning
A feudal lord entitled to allegiance and service; a loyal subject.
Example
The knight pledged loyalty to his liege.
Le chevalier prêta allégeance à son seigneur féodal.
B1 verb /ˌɛntərˈteɪn/

entertain

divertir
Meaning
to provide amusement, enjoyment, or hospitality to others
Example
The comedian entertained the audience with his jokes.
Le comédien a diverti le public avec ses blagues.
C2 noun /ɪˈrʌp.ʃən/

Irruption

une entrée violente soudaine; une invasion ou une incursion; une explosion ou une éruption soudaine
Meaning
a sudden violent entry; an invasion or raid; a sudden outburst or eruption
Example
The army's irruption into enemy territory caught the opposing forces completely off guard.
L'irruption de l'armée dans le territoire ennemi a pris les forces adverses complètement au dépourvu.
C2 adjective /ˈbɪliəs/

bilious

bilieux
Meaning
Relating to bile or an ill-tempered, irritable disposition.
Example
He became bilious after hearing the unfair criticism.
Il est devenu bilieux après avoir entendu la critique injuste.
C1 noun /wedʒ/

Wedge

coin; caler; fendre
Meaning
a triangular piece of wood or metal used for splitting or securing; a piece of cheese or cake
Example
He used a wooden wedge to split the log into smaller pieces.
Il a utilisé un coin en bois pour fendre le tronc en morceaux plus petits.
B1 noun /əˈkaʊntənt/

accountant

comptable
Meaning
a person whose job is to keep or check financial accounts
Example
The accountant prepared the financial reports for the company.
L'expert-comptable a préparé les rapports financiers pour l'entreprise.
A1 noun /tɔɪ/

toy

jouet
Meaning
an object for children to play with
Example
The child received a toy car for his birthday.
L'enfant a reçu une voiture jouet pour son anniversaire.
A2 verb /bit/

beat

battre
Meaning
to strike repeatedly; to defeat; to pulsate rhythmically
Example
Our team will beat theirs in the final match.
Notre équipe battra la leur dans le match final.
B2 noun /ˈaʊt.saɪ.dər/

Out-sider

étranger
Meaning
a person who does not belong to a particular group; someone not accepted by a group
Example
As an outsider, he found it difficult to understand their traditions.
En tant qu'outsider, il a trouvé difficile de comprendre leurs traditions.
B2 verb /vaʊ/

vow

faire un vœu
Meaning
to make a serious promise; to pledge solemnly
Example
They vowed to love each other forever.
Ils ont fait le vœu de s'aimer pour toujours.
C2 adjective /ɪmˈprɛɡnəbl̩/

impregnable

imprenable
Meaning
Unable to be captured, broken into, or defeated.
Example
The fortress was considered impregnable by the enemy.
La forteresse était considérée comme imprenable par l'ennemi.
A2 noun /ˈflaɪ.ɪŋ ˈkriː.tʃər/

Flying creature

créature volante
Meaning
any animal that has the ability to fly through the air
Example
Birds, bats, and insects are all examples of flying creatures.
Les oiseaux, les chauves-souris et les insectes sont des exemples de créatures volantes.
C1 noun /ˌæntiˈklaɪmæks/

anticlimax

anticlímax
Meaning
A disappointing end after a big build-up of excitement or expectation.
Example
The movie's ending was an anticlimax after such a thrilling story.
La fin du film était un anticlímax après une histoire aussi passionnante.
A1 pronoun /ˈsʌmbədi/

somebody

quelqu'un
Meaning
an unspecified person
Example
Somebody is knocking at the door.
Quelqu'un frappe à la porte.
C2 noun /əˈmɛrɪkəˌnɪzəm/

americanism

américanisme
Meaning
A word, phrase, or practice characteristic of American English or culture.
Example
The term 'sidewalk' is an Americanism, while 'pavement' is used in British English.
Le terme « sidewalk » est un américanisme, tandis que « pavement » est utilisé dans l'anglais britannique.
C1 noun /ˈprɛsɪpɪs/

precipice

précipice
Meaning
A very steep cliff or a situation of great danger.
Example
The hikers stood at the edge of the precipice, gazing into the valley below.
Les randonneurs étaient debout au bord du précipice, regardant la vallée en bas.
C2 adjective /ˌʌltrəˈmɒnteɪn/

ultramontane

partisan du Pape
Meaning
beyond the mountains, especially referring to support for the Pope over local church authority
Example
The debate highlighted the ultramontane position in church politics.
Le débat a mis en lumière la position ultramontaine dans la politique ecclésiastique.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈspiːdiənt/

expedient

commode
Meaning
suitable or convenient for achieving a particular end, sometimes at the expense of morality
Example
It was expedient to take the shortcut despite the risks.
Il était commode de prendre le raccourci malgré les risques.
C1 noun /ˈmaɪlɪdʒ/

mileage

rendement
Meaning
The distance traveled in miles, or the fuel efficiency of a vehicle.
Example
This car gives excellent mileage on highways.
Cette voiture offre un excellent rendement sur les autoroutes.
C1 verb /fɔːrˈɡoʊ/

forgo

renoncer
Meaning
to decide not to do or have something
Example
She decided to forgo dessert to maintain her diet.
Elle a décidé de renoncer au dessert pour maintenir son régime.
A2 adjective /ˈɒb.vi.əs/

Obvious

évident; facile à comprendre
Meaning
easily perceived or understood; clear and apparent to the mind
Example
It was obvious that she was upset about something.
Il était évident qu'elle était contrariée à propos de quelque chose.
C1 noun /ɡaɪz/

guise

déguisement
Meaning
An external form, appearance, or manner of presentation, often hiding the true nature
Example
He approached in the guise of a friend.
Il s'est approché sous le déguisement d'un ami.
C1 noun /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsəns/

reminiscence

réminiscence
Meaning
a story or memory about past events
Example
He shared a reminiscence of his childhood days in the village.
Il a partagé une réminiscence de ses jours d'enfance dans le village.
A1 verb /rɪˈmembə/

remember

se souvenir
Meaning
to bring a past event back into one's mind; to keep in memory
Example
I remember my first day at school.
Je me souviens de mon premier jour à l'école.
C2 noun /ˌniːoʊˈlætɪn/

neo-latin

néo-latin
Meaning
The use of Latin language for scholarly, scientific, and literary purposes after the medieval period.
Example
Many scientific names are derived from Neo-Latin.
De nombreux noms scientifiques sont dérivés du néo-latin.
C2 verb /ˈdɒɡmətaɪz/

dogmatize

dogmatiser
Meaning
To state opinions or beliefs as if they were absolute truths.
Example
The professor tended to dogmatize on political issues.
Le professeur avait tendance à dogmatiser sur les questions politiques.
C1 verb /bloʊt/

bloat

gonfler
Meaning
to swell or cause to swell, often due to fluid or gas
Example
Eating too much junk food can bloat your stomach.
Manger trop de malbouffe peut faire gonfler votre estomac.
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

langue vernaculaire
Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
Il a donné son discours dans la langue vernaculaire locale afin que tout le monde puisse comprendre.
C2 noun /kəˈrɑːləri/

corollary

conséquence directe ou naturelle
Meaning
a direct or natural consequence or result
Example
One corollary of the new policy was increased public awareness.
Une conséquence de la nouvelle politique a été l'augmentation de la sensibilisation du public.
C1 verb /ɪnˈreɪdʒ/

enrage

mettre en colère
Meaning
To make someone extremely angry.
Example
His unfair remarks enraged the audience.
Ses remarques injustes ont mis en colère le public.
B2 noun /ˌæljuˈmɪniəm/

aluminium

aluminium
Meaning
a lightweight, silvery-white metal used widely in manufacturing and packaging
Example
Aluminium is commonly used to make cans and aircraft parts.
L’aluminium est utilisé pour fabriquer des canettes.
C1 adjective /ˌɪmprɪˈsaɪs/

imprecise

imprécis
Meaning
Not exact or accurate; vague.
Example
His explanation was too imprecise to be helpful.
Son explication était trop imprécise pour être utile.
C1 verb /ˈflaʊndər/

flounder

tituber
Meaning
To struggle or stagger clumsily; to experience difficulty or confusion.
Example
He floundered in the interview when asked difficult questions.
Il a échoué dans l'entretien lorsqu'on lui a posé des questions difficiles.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənsi/

inconsistency

incohérence
Meaning
The quality of being contradictory, irregular, or not staying the same.
Example
There is an inconsistency between his words and actions.
Il y a une incohérence entre ses paroles et ses actions.
B2 verb /priːtʃ/

preach

prêcher
Meaning
to deliver a religious or moral talk, often in a church setting
Example
The pastor preached about forgiveness and kindness.
Le pasteur a prêché sur le pardon et la bonté.
C1 adjective /ˈstraɪ.dənt/

strident

strident, bruyant
Meaning
loud and harsh; presenting a point of view in a forceful way
Example
His strident voice made the debate uncomfortable.
Sa voix stridente rendait le débat inconfortable.
C1 noun /ˈpæs.ɪ.fɪst/

pacifist

pacifiste
Meaning
a person who believes in peace and opposes war or violence
Example
She is a committed pacifist who campaigns against armed conflict.
Elle est une pacifiste engagée qui fait campagne contre les conflits armés.
C2 noun /taɪð/

tithe

dixième
Meaning
A tenth part of one’s income or produce, often given as a religious offering.
Example
He gave a tithe of his earnings to the church.
Il a donné un dixième de ses gains à l'église.
C2 noun /wɛlp/

whelp

chiot
Meaning
a young offspring of a dog or other carnivorous mammal; sometimes used to mean an impudent young person
Example
The farmer found a wolf whelp hiding near the barn.
Le fermier a trouvé un chiot de loup caché près de la grange.
C2 noun /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

commodification

marchandisation
Meaning
The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or social relations into market commodities.
Example
The commodification of education has increased tuition costs.
La marchandisation de l'éducation a augmenté les frais de scolarité.
C1 adjective /əˈprɛs.ɪv/

Oppressive

oppressif
Meaning
Harsh and authoritarian; overwhelming; causing distress; tyrannical;
Example
The oppressive heat made it difficult to work outside during the summer.
La chaleur oppressante rendait difficile de travailler à l'extérieur pendant l'été.
C2 noun ট্রোপোস্ফিয়ার

troposphere

trophosphère
Meaning
The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere where weather phenomena occur.
Example
The troposphere is where weather phenomena occur.
La troposphère est là où se produisent les phénomènes météorologiques.
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

corbeau
Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
Le corbeau croassa bruyamment depuis la branche de l'arbre.
B1 noun /striːm/

stream

courant
Meaning
A small, narrow river; a continuous flow of something.
Example
The stream of life is unstoppable.
Le courant de la vie est inarrêtable.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

piquant
Meaning
having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative
Example
The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.
Le chef a ajouté une sauce piquante au plat pour rehausser sa saveur.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈedjʊkeɪtɪd/

Uneducated

analphabète; non éduqué
Meaning
lacking education; not having received formal schooling or training
Example
Many uneducated workers struggle to find well-paying jobs.
Beaucoup de travailleurs analphabètes ont du mal à trouver des emplois bien rémunérés.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈfɔːltərɪŋ/

unfaltering

inébranlable
Meaning
Steady and resolute; not weakening or hesitating
Example
She continued with unfaltering determination.
Elle a continué avec une détermination inébranlable.
C1 adjective ˈleɪ.tənt

latent

latent ou caché
Meaning
Existing but not yet developed or manifested; hidden potential.
Example
His artistic talent remained latent for years.
Son talent artistique est resté latent pendant des années.
C2 adjective /ˈbrɪndl̩d/

brindled

bringé
Meaning
Having a brownish or tawny color with streaks or spots of another color.
Example
The farmer owned a brindled cow with distinctive stripes.
L'agriculteur possédait une vache bringée avec des rayures distinctes.
C2 verb /læmˈbæst/

lambast

critiquer sévèrement
Meaning
To criticize harshly or to beat severely.
Example
The coach lambasted the team for their poor performance.
L'entraîneur a sévèrement critiqué l'équipe pour sa mauvaise performance.
C2 noun /ˈmɪstəs/

Mengra / Mystus

silure bagride
Meaning
a genus of catfish found in Asia, commonly known as bagrid catfish
Example
The mystus fish is commonly found in rivers and streams of South Asia.
Le poisson Mystus se trouve couramment dans les rivières et les ruisseaux d'Asie du Sud.
C2 verb /pɔːrˈtɛnd/

portend

présager
Meaning
To be a sign or warning that something, especially something bad, is going to happen.
Example
Dark clouds portend a storm.
Les nuages sombres présagent une tempête.
B1 noun əˈwɛrnɪs

Awareness

sensibilisation
Meaning
Knowledge or understanding about important issues, particularly environmental conservation.
Example
Spreading awareness is essential to save butterflies.
Sensibiliser est essentiel pour sauver les papillons.
A1 noun /weɪ/

Way

chemin; façon; manière; méthode;
Meaning
a method, style, or manner of doing something; a road or path
Example
There must be a better way to solve this problem.
Il doit y avoir une meilleure façon de résoudre ce problème.
C2 noun /ˈklærɪən/

Clarion

clairon
Meaning
a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet; a medieval trumpet with a clear piercing tone
Example
The clarion sounded across the battlefield to signal the charge.
Le clairon a retenti à travers le champ de bataille pour signaler l'attaque.
A1 pronoun /maɪˈsɛlf/

myself

moi-même
Meaning
used for emphasis or to refer to oneself
Example
I will do it myself.
Je vais le faire moi-même.
B1 noun /ˈθɛrəpɪst/

therapist

thérapeute
Meaning
a person trained to provide treatment or counseling for physical or mental health
Example
The therapist helped him overcome his anxiety.
Le thérapeute l'a aidé à surmonter son anxiété.
C1 adverb /ˈduːli/

Duly

correctement, ponctuellement
Meaning
in accordance with what is required or appropriate; at the proper time
Example
The documents were duly signed and submitted.
Les documents ont été dûment signés et soumis.
A2 noun /ˈdʌzən/

dozen

douzaine
Meaning
a group of twelve
Example
She bought a dozen eggs from the market.
Elle a acheté une douzaine d'œufs au marché.
C2 adjective /ˈlɪəri/

leery

méfiant
Meaning
Cautious or wary due to suspicion or distrust.
Example
She was leery of investing in the new business.
Elle était méfiante à l'idée d'investir dans le nouveau business.
B1 adjective /peɪl/

Pale

pâle; délavé; faible
Meaning
having a light color; lacking brightness or vividness; weak or faint
Example
She looked pale after being sick for a week.
Elle semblait pâle après avoir été malade pendant une semaine.
C2 noun /ˈbrɪk.bæt/

Brickbat

un morceau de brique; critique sévère ou censure
Meaning
a piece of brick, especially one used as a missile; harsh criticism or censure
Example
The angry protesters threw brickbats at the building windows.
Les manifestants en colère ont lancé des briques contre les fenêtres du bâtiment.
B2 noun /ˈtraɪ.əl/

Trial

procès; essai
Meaning
a formal examination of evidence in a court; a test of performance or quality
Example
The murder trial lasted for three weeks in the county courthouse.
Le procès pour meurtre a duré trois semaines au tribunal du comté.
C2 noun /ˈfriːˌmeɪsən/

freemason

franc-maçon membre
Meaning
A member of an international fraternity known as Freemasonry, focused on moral and spiritual values.
Example
His grandfather was a respected freemason in the community.
Son grand-père était un franc-maçon respecté dans la communauté.
B2 verb /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/

cultivate

cultiver
Meaning
to grow crops or plants; to develop or improve something
Example
Farmers cultivate rice in the paddy fields.
Les agriculteurs cultivent du riz dans les champs.
C1 noun/verb /liːʃ/

leash

la laisse
Meaning
a strap or cord used to control or guide an animal; to restrain or control
Example
The dog was on a leash during the walk.
Le chien était en laisse pendant la promenade.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

cartographie
Meaning
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Example
She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.
Elle a étudié la cartographie à l'université pour apprendre à concevoir des cartes.
C1 noun /luː/

lieu

au lieu de
Meaning
Instead of; in place of.
Example
He gave money in lieu of flowers.
Il a donné de l'argent au lieu de fleurs.
B2 adjective /ɪˈtɜː.nəl/

Eternal

éternel; sans fin; immortel; perpétuel
Meaning
lasting or existing forever; without end or beginning; everlasting
Example
Their love seemed eternal and unbreakable.
Leur amour semblait éternel et incassable.
A1 noun /ˈsɪstər/

sister

sœur
Meaning
a female sibling; a girl or woman in relation to other children of her parents
Example
My sister is coming to visit us next week.
Ma sœur vient nous rendre visite la semaine prochaine.
B2 noun /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/

organism

organisme
Meaning
a living thing that has an organized structure and can grow and reproduce
Example
Every organism needs water to survive.
Chaque organisme a besoin d'eau pour survivre.
C1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərət/

temperate

tempéré
Meaning
showing moderation or self-restraint; also describing mild climate.
Example
He is known for his temperate behavior even in stressful situations.
Il est connu pour son comportement tempéré même dans des situations stressantes.
C1 noun /ˌpænəˈsiːə/

panacea

panacée
Meaning
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Example
Education is often seen as a panacea for social problems.
L'éducation est souvent considérée comme une panacée pour les problèmes sociaux.
C2 noun /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvər/

quicksilver

mercure
Meaning
Mercury; a liquid metal, or something that is quick and unpredictable.
Example
His mood was as changeable as quicksilver.
Son humeur était aussi changeante que le mercure.
B2 adjective /aʊtˈreɪdʒəs/

outrageous

scandaleux
Meaning
Shockingly bad or excessive; very unusual or amusing.
Example
The comedian told an outrageous joke.
Le comédien a raconté une blague scandaleuse.
A1 pronoun /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

nothing

rien
Meaning
not anything; no thing
Example
She has nothing to worry about.
Elle n'a rien à craindre.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/

underlying

sous-jacent
Meaning
basic or hidden but important; forming the foundation of something
Example
The underlying reason for the conflict was never addressed.
La raison sous-jacente du conflit n'a jamais été abordée.
C1 noun ˌtrɪbjʊˈleɪʃən

tribulation

tribulation
Meaning
A difficult time or suffering experience
Example
He endured many tribulations in his early years.
Il a enduré de nombreuses tribulations au cours de ses premières années.
C2 adjective /ˈvɪndɪkətɔːri/

vindicatory

vindicatif
Meaning
Serving to justify, clear of blame, or defend.
Example
His vindicatory remarks restored his reputation.
Ses remarques vindicatoires ont restauré sa réputation.
C2 noun /ˈsɛʃən/

cession

cession de droits ou de propriété
Meaning
The formal giving up of rights, property, or territory, especially by a state.
Example
The treaty resulted in the cession of land to the neighboring country.
Le traité a abouti à la cession de terres au pays voisin.
C2 noun /əˈspɜːr.ʒən/

aspersion

diffamation
Meaning
An attack on the reputation or integrity of someone.
Example
He cast an aspersion on her character.
Il a jeté une diffamation sur son caractère.
C2 verb /əˈsɛvəˌreɪt/

asseverate

affirmer
Meaning
to affirm or declare positively and earnestly
Example
He asseverated that he had never seen the man before.
Il a affirmé qu'il n'avait jamais vu l'homme avant.
B2 adjective /ˈwʊd biː/

Would-be

aspirant; potentiel;
Meaning
prospective; intending to be; aspiring
Example
The would-be actor practiced his lines every day.
L'acteur aspirant répétait ses répliques tous les jours.
B2 adjective /kəʊˈhɪə.rənt/

coherent

cohérent
Meaning
Logical and consistent; forming a unified whole; clear and easy to understand.
Example
His speech was clear and coherent.
Son discours était clair et cohérent.
C2 adjective /ˌkɑːmənˈsɛnsɪkəl/

commonsensical

raisonnable
Meaning
based on or showing sound practical judgment; sensible
Example
It was commonsensical to carry an umbrella on a rainy day.
Il était raisonnable d’emporter un parapluie un jour de pluie.
B1 noun /swet/

Sweat

transpiration
Meaning
moisture exuded through the pores of the skin, typically as a reaction to heat, physical exertion, fever, or fear
Example
After running for an hour, he was covered in sweat.
Après avoir couru pendant une heure, il était couvert de transpiration.
C1 verb /ˈpɜːrsɪkjuːt/

persecute

bonheur
Meaning
to treat someone cruelly or unfairly, especially because of their religion, race, or beliefs
Example
Many people were persecuted for their faith during that time.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun ˌɪndɪˈspensəbl̩ ˈkɒmpɪtənsi

indispensable competency

compétence indispensable
Meaning
Essential skill or ability that cannot be done without; a crucial capability that is absolutely necessary.
Example
Digital literacy is an indispensable competency in the 21st century.
L'alphabétisation numérique est une compétence indispensable au XXIe siècle.
A2 adjective /sər'praɪz.ɪŋ/

Surprising

surprenant; étonnant
Meaning
causing surprise; unexpected; remarkable
Example
It's surprising how quickly children learn new languages.
C'est surprenant de voir à quelle vitesse les enfants apprennent de nouvelles langues.
B2 noun /ˌfiː.ɑːnˈseɪ/

Fiance

fiancé
Meaning
a man who is engaged to be married
Example
Sarah introduced her fiance to her parents during the family dinner.
Sarah a présenté son fiancé à ses parents lors du dîner familial.
A2 noun /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furniture

meubles
Meaning
Objects such as chairs, tables, beds, or cupboards used to make a room suitable for living or working.
Example
The living room was filled with beautiful wooden furniture.
Le salon était rempli de beaux meubles en bois.
C1 noun dɪˌlɪb.əˈreɪ.ʃən

deliberation

délibération
Meaning
Long and careful consideration or discussion.
Example
The agreement was finalized after much deliberation.
L'accord a été finalisé après beaucoup de délibération.
C2 noun /ˈkʌlvərt/

culvert

tunnel d'égout
Meaning
a tunnel or drain that carries water under a road or railway
Example
The heavy rainwater flowed through the culvert under the bridge.
L'eau de pluie lourde a coulé à travers le tunnel d'égout sous le pont.
A1 interjection /hɑː/

ha

Ha ! (Exclamation de surprise ou de joie)
Meaning
used to express amusement, surprise, or triumph
Example
Ha! I knew you couldn’t resist joining us.
Ha ! Je savais que tu ne pourrais pas résister à nous rejoindre.
A1 verb /hoʊld/

hold

tenir
Meaning
to grasp or carry something; to maintain a position
Example
Please hold my hand.
s'il vous plaît, tenez ma main.
C2 adjective /ˌdɪspjuːˈteɪʃəs/

disputatious

disputeur
Meaning
fond of or given to argument and debate
Example
His disputatious nature often led to heated conversations.
Sa nature disputée menait souvent à des conversations animées.
C1 noun /ˈtæl.i/

Tally

compte; enregistrement; score
Meaning
a count or record of a number or amount; a score or total
Example
Keep a tally of how many books you read this month.
Tenez un compte du nombre de livres que vous lisez ce mois-ci.