expostulation
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Anglais BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Espagnol FR Français DE Allemand RU Russe ZH Chinois JA Japonais
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C2 noun /ɪkˌspɒstjʊˈleɪʃən/

expostulation

protestation
Meaning
the act of expressing protest or disagreement
Example
His expostulation against the unfair rules was ignored.
Sa protestation contre les règles injustes a été ignorée.
B2 adjective /ɪˈrɛləvənt/

Irrelevant

irrélévant
Meaning
not connected with or relevant to something; having no bearing on the matter
Example
Your past mistakes are irrelevant to this discussion.
Vos erreurs passées sont irrélévantes pour cette discussion.
B2 adjective /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/

Voluntary

volontaire
Meaning
done willingly without being forced; given or done freely
Example
She made a voluntary donation to the charity.
Elle a fait un don volontaire à la charité.
C2 noun /ˈhɑːtʃ.pɑːtʃ/

Hotchpotch

mélange confus; un tas de choses mélangées
Meaning
a confused mixture; a jumbled assortment of things
Example
The room was a hotchpotch of old furniture, books, and random decorations.
La pièce était un mélange confus de vieux meubles, de livres et de décorations aléatoires.
B2 adjective /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/

cooperative

coopératif
Meaning
willing to work or act together with others for a common purpose
Example
She was very cooperative during the interview process.
Elle a été très coopérative pendant le processus d'entretien.
B2 noun /ˈreɪ.dɑːr/

Radar

radar
Meaning
a system for detecting the presence, direction, distance of aircraft, ships by sending out radio waves
Example
The radar detected an unknown aircraft approaching the base.
Le radar a détecté un avion inconnu se dirigeant vers la base.
B2 noun /ˈdʒes.tʃər/

Gesture

geste
Meaning
a movement of part of the body, especially a hand or the head, to express an idea or meaning
Example
She made a welcoming gesture with her hands to invite the guests inside.
Elle a fait un geste de bienvenue avec ses mains pour inviter les invités à entrer.
C1 noun /rɛnˈdɪʃən/

rendition

interprétation
Meaning
a performance or interpretation of a piece of art, music, or text
Example
The singer gave a moving rendition of the classic song.
Le chanteur a donné une interprétation émouvante de la chanson classique.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈlæps/

relapse

rechute
Meaning
to return to a worse condition, especially after improvement; a deterioration after recovery
Example
After months of progress, he suffered a relapse.
Après des mois de progrès, il a subi une rechute.
B2 adjective /ˈθɜːrməl/

thermal

thermique
Meaning
Related to heat or temperature.
Example
She wore a thermal jacket to stay warm in winter.
Elle portait une veste thermique pour rester au chaud en hiver.
B2 noun /sərˈvaɪvər/

Survivor

une personne qui survit, en particulier une personne qui reste en vie après un événement où d'autres sont morts
Meaning
a person who survives, especially a person remaining alive after an event in which others have died
Example
She is a cancer survivor who now helps other patients.
Elle est une survivante du cancer qui aide maintenant d'autres patients.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

pénitence
Meaning
The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.
Ses yeux étaient pleins de pénitence après avoir réalisé son erreur.
A2 noun /ˈmærɪdʒ/

marriage

bonheur
Meaning
The legally or formally recognized union of two people as partners in a personal relationship.
Example
Their marriage lasted for over thirty years.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈskwɒlɪd/

squalid

extrêmement sale
Meaning
extremely dirty and unpleasant, often due to poverty or neglect
Example
He lived in a squalid room with broken furniture.
Il vivait dans une pièce sale avec des meubles cassés.
C1 noun /ʃæk/

Shack

cabane
Meaning
a small, crudely built dwelling; a poorly constructed building
Example
The fisherman lived in a small shack near the beach.
Le pêcheur vivait dans une petite cabane près de la plage.
A2 noun /muːn/

Moon

lune
Meaning
the natural satellite of the earth, visible at night by reflected light from the sun
Example
The full moon shines brightly in the night sky.
La pleine lune brille intensément dans le ciel nocturne
B2 adjective /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/

Competent

compétent; capable
Meaning
having the necessary skill or knowledge to do something successfully; capable
Example
She is a competent manager who handles all tasks efficiently.
Elle est une gestionnaire compétente qui gère toutes les tâches efficacement.
C2 adjective /ˈmɪnətɔːri/

minatory

menaçant
Meaning
Expressing a threat; menacing.
Example
The criminal gave the witness a minatory look.
Le criminel a donné au témoin un regard menaçant.
A2 adjective /ˈʌɡ.li/

Ugly

laid; repoussant; horrible
Meaning
unpleasant or repulsive in appearance; morally reprehensible
Example
The old building looked ugly after years of neglect.
Le vieux bâtiment avait l'air laid après des années de négligence.
C1 noun ˌɪn.tuˈɪʃ.ən

intuition

intuition
Meaning
The ability to understand something immediately, without the need for conscious reasoning.
Example
Her intuition told her something was wrong.
Son intuition lui a dit que quelque chose n’allait pas.
C1 verb /ænˈtæɡənaɪz/

antagonize

antagoniser
Meaning
to cause someone to become hostile or angry; to provoke opposition
Example
His rude remarks only served to antagonize his colleagues.
Ses remarques impolies n'ont servi qu'à antagoniser ses collègues.
C1 verb /ˈsɪnɚdʒaɪzd/

synergized

synchronisé, énergisé, coordonné
Meaning
Combine in such a way that the total effect is greater than the sum of the individual effects.
Example
The teams were synergized to maximize productivity.
Les équipes ont été synchronisées pour maximiser la productivité.
C1 noun ˌmɑːr.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

marginalization

marginalisation
Meaning
The treatment of a person, group, or concept as insignificant or peripheral.
Example
Economic policies should address the marginalization of the poor.
Les politiques économiques devraient aborder la marginalisation des pauvres.
C2 verb /ʌnˈjoʊk/

unyoke

dételer
Meaning
To release from a yoke or to free from restraint or obligation.
Example
The farmer unyoked the oxen after a long day of work.
Le fermier a dételé les bœufs après une longue journée de travail.
C2 verb /ˈbɜːrdʒən/

burgeon

croître rapidement
Meaning
To grow or develop rapidly; to flourish.
Example
The city's population began to burgeon after the new factory opened.
La population de la ville a commencé à croître rapidement après l'ouverture de la nouvelle usine.
B2 noun /ˈrɪə.lɪ.zəm/

realism

réalisme
Meaning
The quality of representing things as they are; a practical or factual view.
Example
Her paintings are admired for their realism.
Ses peintures sont admirées pour leur réalisme.
C1 adjective /rɪˈtæl.i.ə.tɔːr.i/

retaliatory

represaille
Meaning
Taking action in response to another's action, characterized as punitive, revengeful, or counteractive.
Example
The country imposed retaliatory tariffs in response to trade sanctions.
Le pays a imposé des tarifs represailes en réponse aux sanctions commerciales.
C1 noun /braɪn/

brine

eau salée
Meaning
Water saturated with salt, often used for preserving food.
Example
The olives were stored in brine to keep them fresh.
Les olives ont été conservées dans de l'eau salée pour les garder fraîches.
C1 adjective /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/

salient

important, marquant ou évident
Meaning
Most important, prominent, or noticeable
Example
The report highlighted the salient points of the discussion.
Le rapport a mis en évidence les points saillants de la discussion.
C1 adjective/verb /ˈleɪ.bərd/

labored

laborieux
Meaning
done with great effort and difficulty; or past tense of labor
Example
He gave a labored explanation that confused the audience.
Il a donné une explication laborieuse qui a confondu l'audience.
B1 adjective ˈkʌltʃərəl

cultural

culturel
Meaning
Relating to the arts and to intellectual achievements.
Example
Schools organize cultural programs to honor Victory Day.
Les écoles organisent des programmes culturels pour honorer le jour de la victoire.
B2 verb /feɪnt/

faint

s'évanouir
Meaning
to lose consciousness for a short time because of a temporary lack of oxygen to the brain
Example
He felt dizzy and fainted in the heat.
Il s'est senti étourdi et s'est évanoui à cause de la chaleur.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/

exalt

exalter, honorer
Meaning
to praise highly or raise in rank, honor, or power
Example
The community exalted the teacher for his dedication.
La communauté a exalté l'enseignant pour son dévouement.
C1 verb /ˈlɪŋɡər/

linger

rester plus longtemps que nécessaire
Meaning
to stay in a place longer than necessary; to persist
Example
The smell of coffee lingered in the kitchen.
L'odeur du café est restée dans la cuisine plus longtemps.
C2 noun /ˈhʌstɪŋz/

hustings

campagne électorale
Meaning
the political campaigning and speeches before an election
Example
The candidate gained popularity during the hustings.
Le candidat a gagné en popularité pendant la campagne électorale.
C2 noun /ˈfɪli/

filly

jeune jument
Meaning
a young female horse
Example
The filly ran swiftly across the meadow.
La pouliche a couru rapidement à travers la prairie.
A2 noun /ˈtʃælɪndʒɪz/

challenges

défis
Meaning
Difficult tasks or situations that test someone's abilities or resources.
Example
Overcoming challenges is the key to personal growth.
Surmonter les défis est la clé de la croissance personnelle.
C2 noun /ɡrænˈtiː/

grantee

bénéficiaire
Meaning
A person or organization that receives a grant or benefit.
Example
The grantee must submit a progress report every six months.
Le bénéficiaire doit soumettre un rapport d'avancement tous les six mois.
C1 noun /ˈsɪmətri/

symmetry

symétrie
Meaning
the quality of having balanced proportions or identical parts facing each other
Example
The building’s symmetry impressed the visitors.
La symétrie du bâtiment a impressionné les visiteurs.
C1 noun /əˈkʌmpənɪmənt/

accompaniment

accompagnement
Meaning
Something that goes together with or complements another thing, often music or food.
Example
The dish was served with a spicy sauce as an accompaniment.
Le plat a été servi avec une sauce épicée en accompagnement.
A2 noun /ˈdrʌɡˌstɔːr/

drugstore

pharmacie
Meaning
A retail store that sells medicines, health-related products, and sometimes cosmetics or snacks.
Example
I stopped by the drugstore to buy some cold medicine.
Je suis allé à la pharmacie pour acheter des médicaments contre le rhume.
C2 verb /kənˈvɑːlv/

convolve

enrouler ou tordre ensemble; enrouler ou entrelacer
Meaning
to roll or twist together; to coil or entwine
Example
The vines convolve around the tree trunk.
Les vignes s'enroulent autour du tronc de l'arbre.
C1 verb /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/

emancipate

émanciper
Meaning
to set someone free from legal, social, or political restrictions; to liberate from slavery or oppression
Example
The law was designed to emancipate slaves and grant them full citizenship.
La loi a été conçue pour émanciper les esclaves et leur accorder la pleine citoyenneté.
B2 noun ˈɔː.bɪt

orbit

orbite
Meaning
The curved path of a celestial object around a star, planet, or moon.
Example
The satellite maintains its orbit around Earth.
Le satellite maintient son orbite autour de la Terre.
C1 noun /ˈʃæmbəlz/

shambles

désordre total
Meaning
a state of complete disorder or ruin
Example
After the storm, the whole town was in shambles.
Après la tempête, toute la ville était en désordre total.
A1 adverb /aʊt/

out

dehors
Meaning
moving or appearing away from the inside or center; not at home or present
Example
He stepped out of the room quietly.
Il est sorti de la pièce silencieusement.
A2 adjective/noun /ˈɪndiən/

indian

indien
Meaning
Relating to India, its people, or their culture.
Example
She loves Indian food, especially biryani.
Elle adore la nourriture indienne, surtout le biryani.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnækˈsɛsəbl/

inaccessible

inaccessible
Meaning
unable to be reached, entered, or understood
Example
The remote village is almost inaccessible during the rainy season.
Le village éloigné est presque inaccessible pendant la saison des pluies.
B1 noun /kraʊn/

Crown

couronne
Meaning
a circular ornamental headdress worn by a monarch as a symbol of authority
Example
The queen wore a magnificent crown during the coronation ceremony.
La reine portait une magnifique couronne lors de la cérémonie de couronnement.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːmənˌwɛlθ/

commonwealth

Commonwealth
Meaning
an independent community or state, especially one founded for the common good; also an association of nations
Example
Australia is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
L’Australie est membre du Commonwealth des Nations.
C2 verb /ˈbɒtənaɪz/

botanize

étudier les plantes
Meaning
to study plants in their natural environment
Example
They went to the forest to botanize during their vacation.
Ils sont allés dans la forêt pour étudier les plantes pendant leurs vacances.
C2 adjective /ɡrɪˈɡɛəriəs/

gregarious

sociable
Meaning
Fond of company; sociable.
Example
She is a gregarious person who loves meeting new people.
C'est une personne sociable qui aime rencontrer de nouvelles personnes.
C1 noun /ˈnɛkˌlaɪn/

neckline

décolleté
Meaning
the edge of a garment around the neck, especially as cut to form a particular shape
Example
The dress has a beautiful V-shaped neckline.
La robe a un joli décolleté en forme de V.
C2 noun /rɪˈpæst/

repast

repas
Meaning
A meal or the food eaten during a meal.
Example
They enjoyed a delicious repast by the riverside.
Ils ont apprécié un délicieux repas au bord de la rivière.
B1 adjective /ˈɡɪl.ti/

Guilty

coupable
Meaning
having committed a crime or offense; feeling responsible for wrongdoing
Example
She felt guilty about lying to her parents.
Elle se sentait coupable d'avoir menti à ses parents.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

cohortes
Meaning
Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.
Example
Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.
Les chercheurs ont comparé les résultats de santé de différents groupes.
B2 noun /flɛkˈsɪbɪləti/

flexibility

flexibilité
Meaning
The quality of bending easily without breaking; willingness to change or compromise.
Example
The flexibility of the working hours made it easier to balance work and personal life.
La flexibilité des horaires de travail a facilité l'équilibre entre le travail et la vie personnelle.
C2 verb /ˈwɪzn/

wizen

se faner
Meaning
To become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled.
Example
The flowers began to wizen after days without water.
Les fleurs ont commencé à se faner après plusieurs jours sans eau.
C1 verb /ˈflaʊndər/

flounder

tituber
Meaning
To struggle or stagger clumsily; to experience difficulty or confusion.
Example
He floundered in the interview when asked difficult questions.
Il a échoué dans l'entretien lorsqu'on lui a posé des questions difficiles.
C2 noun /ˈhɛklər/

heckler

perturbateur
Meaning
A person who interrupts a speaker with rude or aggressive comments.
Example
The politician remained calm despite the heckler shouting from the crowd.
Le politicien est resté calme malgré le perturbateur criant depuis la foule.
C2 verb /ˈfjuːmɪˌɡeɪt/

fumigate

fumiger
Meaning
to disinfect or purify an area by using chemical fumes
Example
They fumigated the warehouse to kill the insects.
Ils ont fumigé l'entrepôt pour tuer les insectes.
C2 noun /ˈdʒæɡ.ər.i/

Jaggary

sucre de canne non raffiné
Meaning
unrefined sugar made from sugarcane or palm sap; a traditional sweetener
Example
My grandmother uses jaggery instead of white sugar in her recipes.
Ma grand-mère utilise du sucre de canne non raffiné à la place du sucre blanc dans ses recettes.
C2 verb /ɪnˈθroʊn/

enthrone

introniser
Meaning
to install someone on a throne or to give someone high status
Example
The king was enthroned in a grand ceremony.
Le roi fut intronisé lors d'une grande cérémonie.
B2 noun /ˈlɪz.ɚd/

Lizard

lézard
Meaning
a cold-blooded reptile with a long body, four legs, and a tail
Example
A small lizard ran across the garden wall.
Un petit lézard a couru sur le mur du jardin.
B1 noun /blæk ˈber.i/

Black berry

mûres
Meaning
a small dark purple or black fruit that grows on bushes
Example
We picked fresh blackberries from the garden for our pie.
Nous avons cueilli des mûres fraîches dans le jardin pour notre tarte.
C1 adjective /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/

Finite

limité; ayant des limites
Meaning
limited; having bounds or limits; not infinite
Example
Earth has finite natural resources.
La Terre dispose de ressources naturelles limitées.
B2 noun /dɪsˈmɪsl̩/

dismissal

licenciement, rejet
Meaning
the act of removing someone from their job; the act of treating something as unimportant
Example
His unfair dismissal led to a lawsuit against the company.
Son licenciement injuste a entraîné une poursuite contre l'entreprise.
B2 verb /klæʃ/

clash

collision
Meaning
to come into conflict or collision with something or someone.
Example
The two cars clashed in the intersection.
Les deux voitures se sont percutées à l'intersection.
C1 noun /ˈsæl.mən fɪʃ / ˈroʊ.huː/

Salmon fish / Rohu

poisson Rohu
Meaning
a freshwater fish popular in South Asian cuisine; also refers to salmon which is a different species
Example
Rohu fish is commonly prepared with spices in Bengali households.
Le poisson Rohu est couramment préparé avec des épices dans les foyers bengalis.
C2 noun /ˈmɛtələ(r)dʒi/

metallurgy

métallurgie
Meaning
The science and technology of metals, including their extraction from ores and their processing.
Example
Metallurgy plays a vital role in industrial development.
La métallurgie joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement industriel.
C2 noun /ˈwɔːrˌmʌŋɡər/

warmonger

belliciste
Meaning
A person who advocates or promotes war or conflict.
Example
The leader was criticized as a warmonger by his opponents.
Le leader a été critiqué comme un belliciste par ses opposants.
C1 adjective /ɪˈspeʃəl/

especial

spécial
Meaning
Particularly remarkable or significant; distinguished from others
Example
This is an especial opportunity you should not miss.
C'est une occasion spéciale que vous ne devriez pas manquer.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɜːrmɪnəl/

germinal

germinal
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development.
Example
The idea was still in its germinal stage.
L'idée était encore à son stade germinal.
C1 noun /ˌsɑːrdʒənt ˈmeɪdʒər/

sergeant-major

sergent-major
Meaning
A senior non-commissioned officer in the army responsible for discipline and administration within a unit.
Example
The sergeant-major inspected the troops before the parade.
Le sergent-major a inspecté les troupes avant le défilé.
A2 verb /fərˈɡɪv/

forgive

pardonner
Meaning
to stop feeling angry or resentful toward someone; to pardon
Example
She decided to forgive him for his mistakes.
Elle a décidé de le pardonner pour ses erreurs.
B2 verb/noun /ˌdɪsrɪˈɡɑːrd/

disregard

mépris
Meaning
To ignore something; lack of consideration or respect for something.
Example
He disregarded the warning signs and kept driving.
Il a ignoré les signes d'avertissement et a continué de conduire.
C1 verb /ˌoʊvərˈriːtʃ/

overreach

dépassement de soi
Meaning
to go beyond what is proper, acceptable, or achievable; to overextend
Example
The politician overreached by making promises he couldn't keep.
Le politicien a dépassé les limites en faisant des promesses qu'il n'a pas pu tenir.
C2 adjective /ˈskʌr.ɪ.ləs/

scurrilous

calomnieux
Meaning
Using or expressed in coarse, abusive, or slanderous language.
Example
The politician faced criticism for his scurrilous remarks about his opponent.
Le politicien a fait face à des critiques pour ses remarques calomnieuses sur son adversaire.
C1 noun /əˈfɪn.ɪ.ti/

affinity

affinité
Meaning
A natural liking for or attraction to a person, thing, idea, etc.
Example
She has an affinity for classical music.
Elle a une affinité pour la musique classique.
A2 noun /wɛb/

web

toile d'araignée
Meaning
a network of fine threads spun by a spider or a complex interconnected system
Example
The spider spun a large web in the corner of the room.
L araignee a tisse une grande toile dans le coin de la piece.
B2 noun /prəˈseʃ.ən/

Procession

procession; cortège;
Meaning
a group of people or vehicles moving forward in an organized way, especially as part of a ceremony
Example
The wedding procession walked slowly to the church.
La procession de mariage marchait lentement vers l'église.
B2 adjective /ˈlʌv.ə.bəl/

Lovable

digne d'amour; adorable
Meaning
deserving of love; endearing; adorable
Example
The puppy was so lovable that everyone wanted to adopt it.
Le chiot était tellement adorable que tout le monde voulait l'adopter.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːrɡraʊnd/

foreground

premier plan
Meaning
the part of a scene that is nearest to and in front of the viewer
Example
The flowers in the foreground brightened the picture.
Les fleurs au premier plan ont illuminé l'image.
C2 verb /rɪˈsɪnd/

rescind

résilier
Meaning
to revoke, cancel, or repeal a law, order, or agreement
Example
The company decided to rescind the job offer.
L'entreprise a décidé de résilier l'offre d'emploi.
C1 noun /ˈdɛljuːdʒ/

deluge

inondation
Meaning
A severe flood; an overwhelming quantity of something.
Example
The town was hit by a deluge of rain in just a few hours.
La ville a été frappée par un déluge de pluie en quelques heures seulement.
B1 noun /ˈbɔr.dər/

Border

frontière
Meaning
a line separating two political or geographical areas, especially countries
Example
They crossed the border between France and Spain by train.
Ils ont traversé la frontière entre la France et l'Espagne en train.
A2 adverb /ˌɪnˈdɔːrz/

indoors

à l’intérieur
Meaning
inside a building; within an enclosed space
Example
Because of the rain, everyone stayed indoors.
À cause de la pluie, tout le monde est resté à l’intérieur.
C1 verb /əˈpreɪz/

appraise

évaluer
Meaning
to evaluate the value, quality, or importance of something
Example
The jeweler appraised the diamond before buying it.
Le bijoutier a évalué le diamant avant de l'acheter.
B2 noun /kənˈsɪstənsi/

consistency

consistance, uniformité
Meaning
The quality of always behaving or performing in a similar way; uniformity.
Example
Consistency in quality is key to customer satisfaction.
La consistance de la qualité est la clé de la satisfaction du client.
C1 noun /ˌrɛs.ɪˈprɒs.ɪ.ti/

reciprocity

la pratique de l'échange de choses avec les autres pour un bénéfice mutuel
Meaning
The practice of exchanging things with others for mutual benefit.
Example
Business relationships thrive on reciprocity.
Les relations commerciales prospèrent grâce à la réciprocité.
C1 verb /riːˈfɜːrbɪʃ/

refurbish

rénover
Meaning
To renovate or redecorate something, especially a building.
Example
The company decided to refurbish its old office.
L'entreprise a décidé de rénover son vieux bureau.
C2 noun /ˈfriːˌbuːtər/

freebooter

flibustier
Meaning
A pirate or plunderer who roams freely in search of wealth.
Example
The freebooter raided the merchant ships along the coast.
Le flibustier a attaqué les navires marchands le long de la côte.
C2 adjective /ˈfrɒθi/

frothy

mousseux
Meaning
Full of or covered with small bubbles; light and insubstantial.
Example
She ordered a cup of frothy cappuccino.
Elle a commandé une tasse de cappuccino mousseux.
B2 noun /ˈprɛfəs/

preface

préface
Meaning
an introduction to a book, speech, or other written work
Example
The author explained his motivation in the preface.
L'auteur a expliqué sa motivation dans la préface.
C1 verb /ˈkʌvət/

covet

convoiter
Meaning
to desire something belonging to someone else
Example
He coveted his neighbor's new car.
Il convoitait la nouvelle voiture de son voisin.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪrmənt/

endearment

mot d'affection
Meaning
A word or phrase expressing affection or love.
Example
She whispered a gentle endearment to her child.
Elle a murmuré un mot d'affection à son enfant.
C1 noun /ˈstəʊ.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/

stoicism

stoïcisme
Meaning
The endurance of pain or hardship without the display of feelings and without complaint.
Example
His stoicism during hardship was admirable.
Son stoïcisme pendant les épreuves était admirable.
B2 adjective /ˈdʒɔɪfəl/

joyful

joyeux
Meaning
full of joy and happiness; causing joy or delight
Example
She felt joyful when she heard the good news.
Elle s’est sentie joyeuse en entendant la bonne nouvelle.
C1 verb /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪt/

administrate

administrer
Meaning
to manage or supervise the execution of duties, laws, or resources; to formally give or apply something such as a test or medicine
Example
The committee will administrate the new policy across all departments.
Le comité administrera la nouvelle politique dans tous les départements.
B1 noun /ˈprɪn.tər/

Printer

imprimeur
Meaning
a person whose job is printing books, newspapers, or other materials; a machine that prints documents
Example
The printer delivered the wedding invitations on time.
L'imprimeur a livré les invitations de mariage à temps.
C1 adverb /ˈfɪksɪdli/

Fixedly

fixement
Meaning
in a steady, unmoving manner; with intense concentration
Example
He stared fixedly at the painting.
Il regardait fixement la peinture.
B2 adjective /ˌfɪl.əˈsɒf.ɪ.kəl/

philosophical

philosophique
Meaning
relating to the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence
Example
She maintained a calm and philosophical attitude during the crisis.
Elle a gardé une attitude calme et philosophique pendant la crise.
C2 noun, verb /ˈkæŋkər/

canker

cancro
Meaning
A fungal disease of plants; an ulcerous sore in the mouth; to corrupt or destroy slowly
Example
The tree was infected with a canker that damaged its bark.
L'arbre était infecté par un chancre qui endommagait son écorce.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdɒktrɪˌneɪt/

indoctrinate

endoctriner
Meaning
To teach someone to fully accept a set of beliefs or ideas without question.
Example
The regime tried to indoctrinate the youth with propaganda.
Le régime a tenté d'endoctriner la jeunesse avec de la propagande.
C1 noun /ˈplæz.mə/

Plasma

partie liquide du sang; gaz ionisé; sérum sanguin sans protéines de coagulation
Meaning
the liquid part of blood; ionized gas; blood serum without clotting proteins
Example
Blood plasma contains various proteins and nutrients.
Le plasma sanguin contient diverses protéines et nutriments.
C1 noun /ˈsɜːrmən/

sermon

sermon
Meaning
A religious discourse delivered by a preacher, often offering moral instruction or spiritual guidance.
Example
The pastor gave a moving sermon about compassion and forgiveness.
Le pasteur a donné un sermon émouvant sur la compassion et le pardon.
C2 noun /ˈstænʃən/

stanchion

poteau de support
Meaning
a strong upright bar or post used as support or to control movement
Example
The red rope was attached to the stanchions to guide the crowd.
La corde rouge était attachée aux stanchions pour guider la foule.
B2 verb /ˈsuːpərvaɪz/

supervise

superviser
Meaning
to watch and direct a person or activity to ensure things are done correctly
Example
The teacher supervises students during the exam.
Le professeur supervise les étudiants pendant l'examen.
B2 noun /ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Dignity

dignité, honneur, respect de soi
Meaning
the state of being worthy of honor or respect; composure and self-respect
Example
Despite facing hardships, she maintained her dignity throughout the ordeal.
Malgré les difficultés, elle a maintenu sa dignité tout au long de l'épreuve.
C1 verb /ˈmʌtər/

mutter

marmonner
Meaning
to speak in a low or barely audible voice, often in dissatisfaction or irritation
Example
He muttered something under his breath as he walked away.
Il marmonna quelque chose sous son souffle en s'éloignant.
B2 noun /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/

impatience

impatience
Meaning
The state of being quickly irritated or unable to wait calmly.
Example
His impatience grew as the meeting dragged on.
Son impatience grandissait à mesure que la réunion s'éternisait.
A2 adverb /bɪˈsaɪdz/

Besides

en plus
Meaning
in addition to; moreover; furthermore
Example
Besides being smart, he is also kind.
En plus d'être intelligent, il est aussi gentil.
C1 noun /ˈbærɪstər/

barrister

avocat
Meaning
A type of lawyer in certain legal systems who specializes in courtroom advocacy and litigation.
Example
The barrister argued the case passionately before the judge.
L'avocat a plaidé l'affaire avec passion devant le juge.
B1 noun /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

circumstance

circonstance
Meaning
a fact or condition connected with an event or action
Example
She handled the difficult circumstances bravely.
Elle a courageusement géré les circonstances difficiles.
B1 noun /ˈtaʊər/

tower

tour
Meaning
a tall, narrow structure, often a part of a building
Example
The tower stood tall above the city.
La tour se dressait haute au-dessus de la ville.
C1 verb /nəˈsɛsɪteɪt/

necessitate

rendre nécessaire
Meaning
To make something necessary or unavoidable.
Example
The heavy rains necessitated the cancellation of the event.
Les fortes pluies ont rendu l'annulation de l'événement inévitable.
C2 adjective /rɪˈtɪkjʊlət/

reticulate

réticulé
Meaning
Having a net-like pattern or structure.
Example
The leaf had a reticulate pattern of veins.
La feuille avait un motif réticulé de veines.
C1 noun /ɪmˈpɜːrtɪnəns/

impertinence

impertinence
Meaning
lack of respect; rudeness
Example
The teacher was shocked by the student's impertinence.
Le professeur a été choqué par l'impertinence de l'étudiant.
C1 adjective /ˈfɜːrtɪv/

furtive

furtif
Meaning
Attempting to avoid notice or attention, typically because of guilt or a belief that discovery would lead to trouble.
Example
He cast a furtive glance at the door before leaving.
Il lança un regard furtif vers la porte avant de partir.
C2 noun /əˌkædəˈmɪʃən/

academician

académicien
Meaning
a member of an academy; a scholar or expert in a field of study
Example
The academicians gathered to discuss the future of education.
Les académiciens se sont réunis pour discuter de l'avenir de l'éducation.
C1 noun /ʃæˈtoʊ/

chateau

château français
Meaning
a large French country house or castle
Example
They stayed in a beautiful chateau in France.
Ils sont restés dans un magnifique château en France.