euphemism
All a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
All CEFR A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2
Content locale
EN Anglais BN Bengali HI Hindi ES Espagnol FR Français DE Allemand RU Russe ZH Chinois JA Japonais
All Vocabulary Cards All Vocabularies
C1 noun /ˈjuː.fə.mɪ.zəm/

euphemism

un terme doux ou indirect utilisé à la place de celui considéré trop direct ou dur
Meaning
A mild or indirect term substituted for one considered too harsh or direct; polite expression for something unpleasant.
Example
The phrase "passed away" is a euphemism for "died".
L'expression 'passé de l'autre côté' est un euphémisme pour 'mort'.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.nɪst/

Earnest

sérieux; authentique; montrant une conviction profonde et sérieuse
Meaning
sincere; genuine; showing deep and serious conviction
Example
He made an earnest attempt to solve the problem.
Il a fait une tentative sérieuse pour résoudre le problème.
C1 noun /ˈɛspiənɑːʒ/

espionage

espionnage
Meaning
The practice of spying or using spies to gather secret information, usually for political or military purposes.
Example
The agent was arrested on charges of espionage against the state.
L'agent a été arrêté sous des accusations d'espionnage contre l'état.
C2 noun /ɪɡˈzækʃən/

exaction

exaction
Meaning
the act of demanding or obtaining something, especially unfairly
Example
The peasants suffered under the king's heavy exactions.
Les paysans ont souffert sous les lourdes exactions du roi.
C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

égaliser
Meaning
To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.
Example
The team equalized the score in the last minute.
L'équipe a égalisé le score dans la dernière minute.
A2 adjective ˈiːkwəl

equal

égal
Meaning
Being the same in quantity, size, degree, or value; having the same status or treatment.
Example
Bose was regarded as Galileo's equal.
Bose a été considéré comme l'égal de Galilée.
C1 adjective /ˌɛvərˈlæstɪŋ/

everlasting

éternel
Meaning
Lasting forever or for an indefinitely long time.
Example
The poet wrote about his everlasting love for nature.
Le poète a écrit sur son amour éternel pour la nature.
C2 adjective ˈen.də.krɪn

endocrine

endocrine
Meaning
Relating to or denoting glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood.
Example
The endocrine system regulates metabolism and growth.
Le système endocrinien régule le métabolisme et la croissance.
B2 verb /ɪˈnækt/

enact

promulguer
Meaning
to make into law; to perform or act out
Example
The government decided to enact a new policy on education.
Le gouvernement a décidé de promulguer une nouvelle politique en matière d'éducation.
C2 verb /ɪˈmɛnd/

emend

corriger
Meaning
to correct or revise a text, especially for errors
Example
The editor emended the manuscript before publication.
L'éditeur a corrigé le manuscrit avant la publication.
B2 noun /ˈaɪ.bɔːl/

Eyeball

globe oculaire
Meaning
the round part of the eye within the eyelids and socket
Example
The doctor examined his eyeball carefully.
Le médecin a examiné son globe oculaire attentivement.
C2 verb /ɪɡˈzʌlt/

exult

exulter
Meaning
to show or feel great joy, often as a result of success
Example
The fans exulted after their team won the championship.
Les fans exultaient après la victoire de leur équipe au championnat.
C2 noun /ɪˈbʊliəns/

ebullience

exubérance
Meaning
the quality of being cheerful, enthusiastic, and full of energy
Example
The teacher's ebullience inspired her students.
L'enthousiasme de l'enseignante a inspiré ses élèves.
B1 adjective ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt

established

établi
Meaning
Having been in existence for a long time and therefore recognized and generally accepted; set up on a firm or permanent basis.
Example
Democracy was established under strong leadership.
La démocratie a été établie sous une forte direction.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

exuberance

exubérance
Meaning
the quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
Her exuberance made the whole team feel motivated.
Son exubérance a motivé toute l'équipe.
A2 noun /ɪkˈskjuːs/

Excuse

excuse
Meaning
a reason or explanation put forward to defend or justify a fault or offense
Example
Being tired is not a valid excuse for not completing your homework.
Être fatigué n'est pas une excuse valable pour ne pas faire vos devoirs.
B2 verb /ɪnˈteɪl/

entail

impliquer
Meaning
to involve something as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence
Example
The job will entail a lot of travel across the country.
Le travail impliquera beaucoup de voyages à travers le pays.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɪziəm/

elysium

élysée
Meaning
A place or state of perfect happiness; in Greek mythology, the afterlife paradise.
Example
For her, the garden was a personal elysium.
Pour elle, le jardin était un élysée personnel.
C2 noun ˌiːkwəˈnɪməti

equanimity

Calme mental, maîtrise de soi et équilibre, surtout dans une situation difficile
Meaning
Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.
Example
She handled the news with remarkable equanimity.
Elle a géré la nouvelle avec une equanimité remarquable.
B2 noun /ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃən/

Expectation

attente; espoir;
Meaning
a strong belief that something will happen or be the case; anticipation
Example
The new teacher exceeded everyone's expectations with her innovative teaching methods.
Le nouveau professeur a dépassé les attentes de tous avec ses méthodes d'enseignement innovantes.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.ə.bəl/

Enviable

envieux
Meaning
causing envy; desirable
Example
Her success was enviable among her peers.
Son succès était enviable parmi ses collègues.
B1 noun /ɪkˈspres treɪn/

Express Train

train express
Meaning
a fast train that travels between major stations with few or no intermediate stops
Example
The express train reached the destination in half the usual time.
Le train express a atteint sa destination en moitié moins de temps habituel.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈθrɔː.lɪŋ/

enthralling

captivant
Meaning
Captivating and holding one's attention completely; fascinating.
Example
The movie was enthralling, keeping the audience engaged till the end.
Le film était captivant, maintenant le public engagé jusqu'à la fin.
C2 adverb /ɪkˈstem.pɔːr/

Extempore

spontané; improvisé
Meaning
without preparation; spontaneously; improvised
Example
The speaker delivered an impressive extempore speech at the conference.
Le conférencier a prononcé un discours extemporané impressionnant à la conférence.
B2 verb /ɪmˈbɑːrkɪŋ/

embarking

commençant un voyage
Meaning
Beginning a journey or enterprise.
Example
The group is embarking on a long journey.
Le groupe commence un long voyage.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.θən/

Earthen

fait de terre ou d'argile; lié à la poterie
Meaning
made of earth or clay; relating to pottery or ceramic materials
Example
The kitchen had beautiful earthen pots for storage.
La cuisine avait de beaux pots en terre cuite pour le stockage.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪtɪŋ/

extenuating

atténuant
Meaning
serving to make a fault or an offense seem less serious
Example
She asked for leniency due to extenuating circumstances.
Elle a demandé la clémence en raison des circonstances atténuantes.
B2 verb, noun /ɪnˈdevər/

endeavour

s'efforcer
Meaning
To try hard to achieve something; an attempt or effort
Example
She endeavoured to finish the project on time.
Elle a fait de grands efforts pour terminer le projet à temps.
B2 adverb /ɪkˈstɜrnəli/

externally

externe
Meaning
in a way that relates to the outer surface or outside appearance
Example
The building appeared externally modern, but inside it was quite old-fashioned.
Le bâtiment semblait externe, mais à l'intérieur, il était assez vieux.
B2 verb /ɪkˈspɛl/

expel

expulser
Meaning
to officially force someone to leave a place or organization
Example
The student was expelled from school for misconduct.
L'étudiant a été expulsé de l'école pour mauvaise conduite.
B1 noun /ˈen.tri/

Entry

entrée; inscription
Meaning
an act of going or coming in; an item written or printed in a record
Example
His entry into the competition was submitted just before the deadline.
Son entrée dans la compétition a été soumise juste avant la date limite.
C1 verb /ɪɡˈzɔːlt/

exalt

exalter, honorer
Meaning
to praise highly or raise in rank, honor, or power
Example
The community exalted the teacher for his dedication.
La communauté a exalté l'enseignant pour son dévouement.
B2 adjective ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl

ethical

éthique
Meaning
Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
Example
Ethical considerations guide decisions.
Les considérations éthiques guident les décisions.
B2 adverb /ˈiːɡərli/

Eagerly

avec empressement; avec grand désir
Meaning
with keen interest or enthusiasm; with great desire
Example
The children eagerly waited for the holiday to begin.
Les enfants attendaient avec empressement que les vacances commencent.
B1 noun /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒmənt/

encouragement

encouragement
Meaning
the action of giving someone support, confidence, or hope
Example
Her encouragement helped me finish the project.
Son encouragement m'a aidé à finir le projet.
C1 verb ɪkˈstræp.ə.leɪt

Extrapolate

extrapoler
Meaning
Making future estimates based on existing information
Example
Scientists extrapolate climate changes based on past data.
Les scientifiques extrapolent les changements climatiques en se basant sur les données passées.
B1 adjective /ɪkˈstrɔːr.dɪ.nər.i/

Extraordinary

extraordinaire; remarquable;
Meaning
very unusual; remarkable; going beyond what is normal or expected
Example
The magician's performance was extraordinary and left everyone amazed.
La performance du magicien était extraordinaire et a laissé tout le monde émerveillé
C1 noun ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl ˌtræns.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən

environmental transformation

transformation environnementale
Meaning
A significant change in environmental conditions or ecological systems.
Example
The city demonstrates environmental transformation.
La ville montre une transformation environnementale.
C2 adjective /ɪˈmɛrɪtəs/

emeritus

professeur émérite
Meaning
having retired but allowed to retain their title as an honor
Example
He is a professor emeritus at the university.
Il est professeur émérite à l'université.
A1 verb /ˈiːtɪŋ/

eating

manger
Meaning
the act of consuming food
Example
They were eating dinner when the phone rang.
Ils étaient en train de manger le dîner lorsque le téléphone a sonné.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.ə.neɪt/

emanate

émaner
Meaning
To come out or spread from a source.
Example
A sweet fragrance emanated from the garden.
Une douce fragrance émana du jardin.
C1 verb /ɪmˈbrɔɪdər/

embroider

broder
Meaning
to decorate fabric with patterns using a needle and thread
Example
She embroidered flowers on the pillowcase.
Elle a brodé des fleurs sur la taie d'oreiller.
A2 adjective /ɪˈlɛktrɪk/

electric

électrique
Meaning
Relating to or operated by electricity.
Example
The room was lit by an electric lamp.
La pièce était éclairée par une lampe électrique.
B2 adjective /ˈɛθnɪk/

ethnic

ethnique
Meaning
relating to a population subgroup with a common national or cultural tradition
Example
The festival celebrated the city's diverse ethnic communities.
Le festival a célébré les diverses communautés ethniques de la ville.
B2 noun ɪˌlɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

elimination

élimination
Meaning
The complete removal or destruction of something.
Example
The elimination of emissions is a priority.
L'élimination des émissions est une priorité.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfjuːsɪv/

effusive

effusif
Meaning
Expressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.
Example
She gave him an effusive welcome after his long journey.
Elle lui a réservé un accueil effusif après son long voyage.
A2 verb /ɪnˈkɜːrɪdʒ/

encourage

encourager
Meaning
to give support, confidence, or hope; to motivate
Example
Teachers should encourage students to ask questions.
Les enseignants doivent encourager les élèves à poser des questions.
B2 verb ˈɛskəleɪt

escalate

escalader
Meaning
To increase rapidly; to become more intense or serious
Example
The aging population is escalating at an alarming rate.
La population vieillissante est en train d'escalader à un rythme alarmant.
B1 noun /ɪɡˈzɪs.təns/

Existence

existence
Meaning
the fact or state of living or having objective reality; being alive
Example
Scientists are searching for evidence of life's existence on other planets.
Les scientifiques recherchent des preuves de l'existence de la vie sur d'autres planètes.
C2 noun /ˈɒnwiː/ or /ˈɑːnwiː/

ennui

ennui
Meaning
A feeling of boredom, listlessness, or dissatisfaction arising from lack of excitement.
Example
After weeks of doing nothing, he sank into a deep sense of ennui.
Après des semaines à ne rien faire, il est tombé dans un profond ennui.
C1 noun /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈniː/

Examinee

candidat à l'examen
Meaning
a person who is being tested in an examination
Example
Each examinee was given two hours to complete the test.
Chaque candidat à l'examen a reçu deux heures pour terminer le test.
C1 noun/adjective /ɪˈliːtɪst/

elitist

élitiste
Meaning
A person who believes that a society should be led by an elite; showing preference for a privileged class.
Example
His elitist attitude made him unpopular among his peers.
Son attitude élitiste l'a rendu impopulaire parmi ses pairs.
C1 verb /ɪˈlɛktrɪfaɪ/

electrify

électrifier; enthousiasmer
Meaning
to charge with electricity; to excite or thrill intensely
Example
The speaker's speech electrified the audience.
Le discours a enthousiasmé le public.
A2 noun ɪˈvɛnts

events

événements
Meaning
A thing that happens, especially one of importance.
Example
Several events were held across the country.
Plusieurs événements ont eu lieu à travers le pays.
B1 adjective /ɪnˈkɝr.ɪ.dʒɪŋ/

Encouraging

encourageant; motivant
Meaning
giving support or confidence; inspiring; motivating
Example
The teacher's encouraging words motivated the students.
Les mots encourageants du professeur ont motivé les élèves.
C2 verb /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪt/

excruciate

excrucier
Meaning
to cause intense pain or suffering
Example
The injury excruciated him with unbearable pain.
La blessure l'excruciait avec une douleur insupportable.
C1 noun /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/

etymology

étymologie
Meaning
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
Example
The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt.
L'étymologie du mot 'salaire' vient du mot latin pour sel.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtʃænt/

enchant

enchanter
Meaning
to delight or charm greatly; to cast a spell over
Example
The storyteller enchanted the children with his tales.
Le conteur a enchanté les enfants avec ses histoires.
B2 noun /ɪnˈdjʊə.rəns/

endurance

endurance
Meaning
The fact or power of enduring an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way.
Example
Running a marathon requires exceptional endurance.
Courir un marathon nécessite une endurance exceptionnelle.
A2 adjective /ˈɛkstrə/

extra

supplémentaire
Meaning
More than what is usual, expected, or necessary
Example
She brought some extra food for the picnic.
Elle a apporté de la nourriture supplémentaire pour le pique-nique.
C2 noun /ˈɛmɪsɛri/

emissary

émissaire
Meaning
A person sent on a special mission, usually as a diplomatic representative.
Example
The king sent an emissary to negotiate peace.
Le roi a envoyé un émissaire pour négocier la paix.
C2 noun /ˌiː.tiˈɒ.lə.dʒi/

etiology

étiologie
Meaning
the cause or origin of a disease or condition
Example
Doctors are studying the etiology of the new virus.
Les médecins étudient l'étiologie du nouveau virus.
C1 verb /ɪnˈtaɪs/

entice

attirer
Meaning
to attract or tempt someone by offering something appealing
Example
The advertisement was designed to entice customers into the store.
La publicité a été conçue pour attirer les clients dans le magasin.
B2 noun /ˈaɪ.lɪd/

Eyelid

paupière
Meaning
either of the upper or lower folds of skin that cover the eye when closed
Example
Her eyelids felt heavy with sleep.
Ses paupières se sentaient lourdes de sommeil.
B2 verb /ɪˈveɪd/

evade

évader
Meaning
To escape or avoid something, especially by cleverness or trickery.
Example
He tried to evade the question by changing the subject.
Il a essayé d'éviter la question en changeant de sujet.
A2 adjective /ɪmˈbærəst/

embarrassed

embarrassé
Meaning
feeling awkward, ashamed, or self-conscious about something
Example
He felt embarrassed when he forgot her name.
Il s'est senti embarrassé quand il a oublié son nom.
B1 noun /ɪˈlɛkʃən/

election

élection
Meaning
The process of choosing someone for public office by voting.
Example
The election will be held next month.
L'élection aura lieu le mois prochain.
C2 verb /ɪkˈstɛnjueɪt/

extenuate

excuser
Meaning
to make an offense, fault, or situation seem less serious by providing an excuse or explanation
Example
The lawyer tried to extenuate his client's actions by highlighting his difficult childhood.
L'avocat a essayé d'excuser les actions de son client en mettant en lumière son enfance difficile.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
L'artiste a gravé ses initiales dans le verre.
B2 noun /ˈɛmbəsi/

embassy

ambassade
Meaning
the official residence or offices of an ambassador
Example
He works at the French embassy in Dhaka.
Il travaille à l'ambassade de France à Dhaka.
A2 adjective /ˈiː.stərn/

Eastern

oriental
Meaning
relating to or situated in the east; from or characteristic of the eastern part of the world
Example
She studied Eastern philosophy at the university.
Elle a étudié la philosophie orientale à l'université.
C2 noun /ˈɛpəlɛt/

epaulet

épaulette
Meaning
An ornamental shoulder piece on a garment, especially on the coat or jacket of a military uniform.
Example
The general’s uniform had a golden epaulet on each shoulder.
L'uniforme du général avait une épaulette dorée sur chaque épaule.
C1 verb /ɪˈnʌnsieɪt/

enunciate

énoncer
Meaning
to pronounce words clearly; to express an idea clearly
Example
The teacher asked him to enunciate each word.
L'enseignant lui a demandé d'énoncer chaque mot.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈskruːʃieɪtɪŋ/

excruciating

atroce
Meaning
causing extreme physical or mental pain
Example
She was in excruciating pain after the accident.
Elle était dans une douleur atroce après l'accident.
C1 noun /ɪkˈskriːʃən/

excretion

excrétion
Meaning
the process of eliminating waste matter from the body
Example
Excretion is vital for maintaining a healthy body.
L'excrétion est vitale pour maintenir un corps sain.
B1 noun /ɪkˈsep.ʃən/

Exception

exception
Meaning
a person or thing that is excluded from a general statement or does not follow a rule
Example
Most students passed the exam, with the exception of a few who were absent.
La plupart des étudiants ont réussi l'examen, à l'exception de quelques-uns qui étaient absents.
B2 adjective /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.lənt/

Equivalent

équivalent; égal
Meaning
equal in value, amount, function, or meaning; having the same effect or result
Example
This amount is equivalent to ten dollars.
Ce montant est équivalent à dix dollars.
C1 adjective /ˌɛm.briˈɒn.ɪk/

embryonic

embryonnaire
Meaning
in an early or undeveloped stage; relating to an embryo
Example
The project is still in its embryonic stage.
Le projet est encore à son stade embryonnaire.
A2 verb /ɪkˈsaɪt/

excite

exciter
Meaning
to cause strong feelings of enthusiasm or eagerness
Example
The idea of traveling abroad excites her.
L'idée de voyager à l'étranger l'excite.
B2 verb /ɪmˈbreɪs/

embrace

embrasser
Meaning
to hold someone closely in your arms; to accept willingly
Example
She embraced her friend at the airport.
Elle a embrassé son amie à l'aéroport.
C1 adjective /ɛsˈθɛtɪk/

esthetic

esthétique
Meaning
Concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty.
Example
The building’s esthetic design attracted many visitors.
Le design esthétique du bâtiment a attiré de nombreux visiteurs.
B1 adjective /ˌɛdjuˈkeɪʃənl/

educational

éducatif
Meaning
Relating to the provision of education or having an educative effect.
Example
The journey was an educational experience.
Le voyage était une expérience éducative.
C1 verb /ɪkˈstræpəleɪtɪŋ/

extrapolating

extrapoler
Meaning
Extend the application of (a method or conclusion) to an unknown situation by assuming that existing trends will continue.
Example
Extrapolating from the current data, we can estimate the trends for next year.
En extrapolant à partir des données actuelles, nous pouvons estimer les tendances pour l'année prochaine.
B2 adjective /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/

Extensive

étendu; vaste; large
Meaning
covering or affecting a large area; comprehensive; wide-ranging
Example
The company conducted extensive research before launching the new product.
L'entreprise a mené des recherches approfondies avant de lancer le nouveau produit.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

exorbitant
Meaning
Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.
Example
The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.
L'hôtel a facturé un prix exorbitant pour une chambre basique.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛvrɪwʌn/

everyone

tout le monde
Meaning
every person; all people
Example
Everyone must bring their own lunch.
Tout le monde doit apporter son propre déjeuner.
A2 verb /ɪkˈspleɪn/

explain

expliquer
Meaning
to make something clear or easy to understand by describing it in more detail
Example
The teacher explained the difficult concept to the students.
Le professeur a expliqué le concept difficile aux étudiants.
A1 number /eɪt/

eight

huit
Meaning
The number equivalent to the product of two and four; one more than seven.
Example
There are eight apples in the basket.
Il y a huit pommes dans le panier.
B2 adjective /ˌɛm.pəˈθɛ.tɪk/

empathetic

empathique
Meaning
Showing ability to understand and share feelings of others.
Example
She was empathetic towards her friend's struggles.
Elle était empathique envers les luttes de son amie.
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

encourager
Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
Les paroles de l'entraîneur ont encouragé l'équipe à jouer de manière agressive.
B1 adjective /ɪmˈbær.ə.sɪŋ/

Embarrassing

embarrassant; gênant; humiliant
Meaning
causing shame or awkwardness; uncomfortable; humiliating
Example
It was embarrassing when I forgot her name.
C'était embarrassant quand j'ai oublié son nom.
B2 verb /ɪɡˈzædʒəˌreɪt/

exaggerate

exagérer
Meaning
to describe something as better, worse, or more important than it really is
Example
He tends to exaggerate his achievements.
Il a tendance à exagérer ses réalisations.
C1 noun ˈɛksəʊˌplænɪt

exoplanet

une planète qui orbite autour d'une étoile en dehors du système solaire
Meaning
A planet that orbits a star outside the solar system.
Example
Astronomers have discovered thousands of exoplanets in the last decade.
Les astronomes ont découvert des milliers d'exoplanètes au cours de la dernière décennie.
C2 verb /ɪnˈdjuː/

endue

doter
Meaning
To provide or endow with a quality or ability.
Example
The leader was endued with wisdom and courage.
Le leader a été doté de sagesse et de courage.
B1 noun /ɪˈskeɪp/

Escape

évasion; fuite; libération
Meaning
an act of breaking free from confinement or control; a way out
Example
The prisoner's escape from the jail shocked the authorities.
L'évasion du prisonnier de la prison a choqué les autorités.
B2 noun /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntəl ˈmuːvmənt/

environmental movement

mouvement environnemental
Meaning
A social or political movement aimed at protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices through advocacy, education, and policy changes.
Example
The environmental movement focuses on reducing pollution and protecting ecosystems.
Le mouvement environnemental se concentre sur la réduction de la pollution et la protection des écosystèmes.
A2 adjective /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bəl/

Enjoyable

agréable; plaisant
Meaning
pleasant; giving satisfaction or pleasure
Example
The movie was very enjoyable and made everyone laugh.
Le film était très agréable et a fait rire tout le monde.
C2 noun /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/

encyclical

Lettre encyclique
Meaning
a formal letter sent by the Pope to Catholic churches, usually addressing important issues
Example
The Pope issued an encyclical on climate change and moral responsibility.
Le Pape a publié une lettre encyclique sur le changement climatique et la responsabilité morale.
C1 adjective /ɪˈleɪtɪd/

elated

extrêmement heureux
Meaning
Extremely happy and excited.
Example
She was elated when she heard the good news.
Elle était extrêmement heureuse lorsqu'elle a entendu la bonne nouvelle.
B1 noun /ɪˈmoʊ.ʃən/

Emotion

émotion
Meaning
a strong feeling deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships
Example
Her face showed every emotion she was feeling inside.
Son visage montrait chaque émotion qu'elle ressentait à l'intérieur.
C1 adjective /ɪˈklɛktɪk/

eclectic

éclectique
Meaning
Selecting or deriving ideas, styles, or tastes from a broad and diverse range of sources.
Example
Her taste in music is eclectic, ranging from classical to hip-hop.
Ses goûts en musique sont éclectiques, allant de la musique classique au hip-hop.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

eaux usées ou polluées
Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
Les effluents des usines contaminent les rivières et les lacs voisins.
B1 adjective ɪˈfek.tɪv

effective

efficace
Meaning
Successful in producing a desired or intended result; having the power to influence or produce a result.
Example
Effective policies drive organizational success.
Les politiques efficaces favorisent le succès organisationnel.
C2 adjective /ˌɛfəˈvɛsənt/

effervescent

effervescent
Meaning
Giving off bubbles; lively, enthusiastic, and full of energy.
Example
She had an effervescent personality that brightened every room.
Elle avait une personnalité effervescente qui éclairait chaque pièce.
B1 verb /ɪɡˈzæm.ɪn/

examine

bonheur
Meaning
to look at something carefully in order to understand it
Example
The doctor will examine the patient tomorrow.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈɪrˌplʌɡ/

earplug

bouchon d'oreille
Meaning
a device inserted into the ear to block out noise or water
Example
He wore earplugs to sleep during the noisy night.
Il portait des bouchons d'oreilles pour dormir pendant la nuit bruyante.
C1 noun /ɪˈklɪps/

Eclipse

éclipse (du soleil ou de la lune)
Meaning
an obscuring of light from one celestial body by another; a decline or loss
Example
The total solar eclipse darkened the sky for several minutes.
L'éclipse solaire totale a assombri le ciel pendant plusieurs minutes.
C2 noun /ˈɛkwɪpɔɪz/

equipoise

équilibre
Meaning
A state of balance or equilibrium.
Example
Her calmness created an equipoise in the heated debate.
Sa calme a créé un équilibre dans le débat animé.
C1 verb /ɪkˈskriːt/

excrete

excréter
Meaning
to eliminate waste matter from the body
Example
Humans excrete carbon dioxide through breathing.
Les humains excrètent du dioxyde de carbone par la respiration.
B1 verb /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/

engage

engager
Meaning
To participate or become involved in; to attract or hold attention.
Example
The teacher tried to engage the students in the discussion.
Le professeur a essayé d'engager les élèves dans la discussion.
B2 verb /ɪkˈsploʊd/

explode

exploser
Meaning
to burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion or pressure
Example
The bomb exploded in the middle of the street.
La bombe a explosé au milieu de la rue.
C1 noun /ˈɛləkwəns/

eloquence

éloquence
Meaning
Fluent or persuasive speaking or writing.
Example
His eloquence in speech won him great respect.
Son éloquence dans le discours lui a valu un grand respect.
B1 adjective /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛntl/

environmental

environnemental
Meaning
relating to the natural world and the impact of human activity on its condition
Example
The company adopted new policies to reduce environmental damage.
L'entreprise a adopté de nouvelles politiques pour réduire les dommages environnementaux.
C1 adjective /ˈɛm.ɪ.nənt/

eminent

éminent
Meaning
Famous and respected within a particular sphere or profession.
Example
He is an eminent scientist known for groundbreaking research.
Il est un scientifique éminent connu pour ses recherches révolutionnaires.
C1 adjective ɪɡˈzɛmpləri

exemplary

exemplaire
Meaning
Serving as a desirable model; representing the best of its kind.
Example
She was praised for her exemplary work ethic and dedication.
Elle a été félicitée pour son éthique de travail exemplaire et son dévouement.
C2 noun /ɪnˈkʌmbrəns/

encumbrance

fardeau / obstacle
Meaning
a burden or obstacle that makes progress or movement difficult
Example
Debt can become a serious encumbrance in life.
La dette peut devenir un fardeau sérieux dans la vie.
C1 adjective ɪˌlektrəʊmæɡˈnetɪk

electromagnetic

électromagnétique
Meaning
Relating to both electricity and magnetism or their interaction.
Example
Electromagnetic forces repel protons.
Les forces électromagnétiques repoussent les protons.
B2 verb /ˈɛskɔrt/

escort

escorter
Meaning
to accompany someone; to guide or protect while going somewhere
Example
The guard escorted the visitor to the office.
Le garde a escorté le visiteur au bureau.
B1 noun /ɪkˈspens/

Expense

dépense; frais;
Meaning
the cost required for something; money spent on something
Example
The travel expense for the business trip was covered by the company.
Les frais de voyage pour le voyage d'affaires ont été couverts par l'entreprise.
B1 adverb /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

Entirely

totalement; complètement
Meaning
completely; wholly; fully
Example
The building was entirely destroyed in the fire.
Le bâtiment a été complètement détruit dans l'incendie.
C1 noun /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

euphoria

euphorie, joie extrême, excitation
Meaning
A feeling or state of intense excitement and happiness; elation.
Example
Winning the championship brought a sense of euphoria.
Gagner le championnat a provoqué un sentiment d'euphorie.