esquire
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C2 noun /ˈɛskwaɪər/

esquire

esquire
Meaning
A title of respect often used after a man's name, especially for lawyers in the United States.
Example
John Smith, Esquire, will be representing the client in court.
John Smith, Esquire, représentera le client au tribunal.
A2 adverb /ɪɡˈzækt.li/

Exactly

exactement; précisément; en accord complet
Meaning
precisely; accurately; in complete agreement
Example
Tell me exactly what happened during the meeting.
Dis-moi exactement ce qui s'est passé pendant la réunion.
C2 verb /ˌɛfəˈvɛs/

effervesce

effervescence
Meaning
To give off bubbles of gas; to show excitement, liveliness, or enthusiasm.
Example
The soda began to effervesce as soon as it was opened.
Le soda a commencé à effervescir dès qu'il a été ouvert.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdjʊər/

endure

endurer
Meaning
to suffer something difficult or unpleasant patiently
Example
He had to endure years of hardship before achieving success.
Il a dû endurer des années de difficultés avant de réussir.
A1 noun, verb /ˈiː.meɪl/

e-mail

courrier électronique
Meaning
messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to another
Example
I sent an e-mail to my professor yesterday.
J'ai envoyé un courrier électronique à mon professeur hier.
C1 adjective /ɪˈrɒtɪk/

erotic

érotique
Meaning
relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement
Example
The novel contained several erotic scenes.
Le roman contenait plusieurs scènes érotiques.
B2 noun /ɪnˈfɔːrsmənt/

enforcement

application de la loi
Meaning
the act of making sure that laws or rules are followed
Example
The police are responsible for law enforcement.
La police est responsable de l'application de la loi.
C1 verb /ɪˈkɒnəmaɪz/

economize

économiser
Meaning
To reduce spending or use resources carefully.
Example
Families are trying to economize by cutting unnecessary expenses.
Les familles essaient d'économiser en réduisant les dépenses inutiles.
C1 noun ˈɛf.lu.ənt

effluent

eaux usées ou polluées
Meaning
Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea.
Example
Factory effluent contaminates nearby rivers and lakes.
Les effluents des usines contaminent les rivières et les lacs voisins.
C2 verb /ˈeksɪkreɪt/

execrate

détester
Meaning
To feel or express great loathing or hatred for something.
Example
The community execrated the corrupt politician.
La communauté a détesté le politicien corrompu.
B1 adjective /ˌen.təˈteɪ.nɪŋ/

Entertaining

divertissant; amusant et captivant
Meaning
providing amusement or enjoyment; funny and engaging
Example
The comedian's performance was very entertaining and kept the audience laughing.
La performance du comédien était très divertissante et a fait rire le public.
A2 noun /ɪˈfekt/

Effect

effet; résultat; conséquence
Meaning
a change that is a result or consequence of an action or other cause
Example
The new medicine had a positive effect on the patient's recovery.
Le nouveau médicament a eu un effet positif sur la récupération du patient.
C2 noun /ˈɛkwɪpɪdʒ/

equipage

Équipement ou un carrosse avec ses accessoires
Meaning
Equipment or a carriage with its accessories.
Example
The nobleman arrived in a grand equipage.
Le noble est arrivé dans un grand carrosse.
A2 adjective /ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/

expensive

cher
Meaning
costing a lot of money
Example
That car is too expensive for me to buy.
Cette voiture est trop chère pour que je l'achète.
B2 verb /ɛksˈheɪl/

exhale

expirer
Meaning
to breathe out air from the lungs
Example
She slowly exhaled after holding her breath.
Elle a lentement exhalé après avoir retenu sa respiration.
C1 verb /ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪt/

extradite

extrader
Meaning
to hand over a person accused or convicted of a crime to another country or state
Example
The government agreed to extradite the fugitive to his home country.
Le gouvernement a accepté d'extrader le fugitif vers son pays d'origine.
B2 noun ˈikoʊ ˈfrɛndli tɛkˈnɑləʤiz

eco-friendly technologies

technologies écologiques
Meaning
Technologies that are designed to minimize environmental impact and promote sustainability.
Example
Eco-friendly technologies can mitigate pollution.
Les technologies écologiques peuvent réduire la pollution.
A2 adjective /ˈɛvrideɪ/

everyday

quotidien
Meaning
common or ordinary; occurring daily
Example
These shoes are perfect for everyday use.
Ces chaussures sont parfaites pour un usage quotidien.
C2 noun /ɪˌdʒækjʊˈleɪʃən/

ejaculation

éjaculation / exclamation soudaine
Meaning
The action of suddenly saying something or the release of semen during sexual climax.
Example
His sudden ejaculation of joy surprised everyone in the room.
Son éjaculation soudaine de joie a surpris tout le monde dans la pièce.
B1 noun /ɪɡˈzɪs.təns/

Existence

existence
Meaning
the fact or state of living or having objective reality; being alive
Example
Scientists are searching for evidence of life's existence on other planets.
Les scientifiques recherchent des preuves de l'existence de la vie sur d'autres planètes.
B2 adjective ˈel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl

eligible

éligible
Meaning
Having the right to do or obtain something through satisfaction of the appropriate conditions.
Example
Only eligible candidates are considered for appointments.
Seuls les candidats éligibles sont pris en considération pour les nominations.
C2 noun /ˌɛləˈkjuːʃn/

elocution

élocution
Meaning
The skill of clear and expressive speech, especially in public speaking.
Example
She improved her elocution through constant practice.
Elle a amélioré son élocution grâce à une pratique constante.
C2 verb ɪɡˈzɔːrt

exhort

exhorter
Meaning
To strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.
Example
The teacher exhorted students to work hard for exams.
Le professeur a exhorté les élèves à travailler dur pour les examens.
B2 adjective /ˈiːtəbl̩/

eatable

comestible
Meaning
suitable or safe for eating
Example
The berries are not only eatable but also quite tasty.
Les baies ne sont pas seulement comestibles mais aussi assez savoureuses.
B1 noun /ˈɛldər/

elder

aîné
Meaning
a person who is older or has higher rank; an older person in a family or community
Example
We should always respect our elders.
Nous devons toujours respecter nos aînés.
B2 adverb /ɪˈfɪʃəntli/

efficiently

efficacement
Meaning
in a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense
Example
She managed to complete the task efficiently within the deadline.
Elle a réussi à terminer la tâche efficacement dans les délais.
B2 noun /ˌek.əˈnɒm.ɪk səˌsteɪ.nəˈbɪl.ə.ti/

economic sustainability

durabilité économique
Meaning
The ability of an economy to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely.
Example
Economic sustainability drives long-term growth.
La durabilité économique stimule la croissance à long terme.
A2 noun /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/

equipment

équipement
Meaning
the necessary tools, machines, or other items needed for a particular purpose
Example
The laboratory bought new equipment for research.
Le laboratoire a acheté de nouveaux équipements pour la recherche.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɪksər/

elixir

élixir
Meaning
A magical or medicinal potion believed to cure illnesses or grant immortality.
Example
The old legend spoke of an elixir that could grant eternal youth.
La vieille légende parlait d'un élixir qui pourrait accorder la jeunesse éternelle.
C1 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trəʊ.laɪts/

electrolytes

électrolytes
Meaning
Minerals in body fluids that carry an electric charge and are essential for many bodily functions.
Example
Electrolytes help maintain proper fluid balance in the body.
Les électrolytes aident à maintenir l'équilibre des fluides dans le corps.
B1 noun /ˈɛdɪtər/

editor

éditeur
Meaning
a person responsible for the final content of a newspaper, magazine, or book
Example
The editor approved the article before publication.
L'éditeur a approuvé l'article avant la publication.
B1 noun /ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈkɛtəl/

Electric Kettle

bouilloire électrique
Meaning
An electrical appliance that heats water quickly using electricity
Example
The electric kettle automatically turns off when the water starts boiling.
La bouilloire électrique s'éteint automatiquement lorsque l'eau commence à bouillir.
B2 verb, adjective /ɪˈlæbəreɪt/ (verb), /ɪˈlæbərət/ (adjective)

elaborate

élaborer / détaillé et compliqué dans la conception
Meaning
verb: to explain something in detail; adjective: detailed and complicated in design
Example
She asked him to elaborate on his proposal.
Elle lui a demandé d'élaborer sur sa proposition.
A2 verb /ɪkˈspekt/

expect

s'attendre
Meaning
to think something will happen; to anticipate
Example
I expect the meeting to start at 9 AM.
Je m'attends à ce que la réunion commence à 9 heures.
C2 noun /ɪˈfɛmɪnəsi/

effeminacy

efféminéité
Meaning
The quality of showing traits traditionally associated with women, such as delicacy or softness.
Example
In ancient times, effeminacy was often criticized as a sign of weakness.
Dans les temps anciens, l'efféminéité était souvent critiquée comme un signe de faiblesse.
C1 adjective ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈteə.ri.ən

egalitarian

égalitaire
Meaning
Believing in or based on the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal rights and opportunities.
Example
The new law promotes an egalitarian society.
La nouvelle loi promeut une société égalitaire.
B2 verb /ɪnˈteɪl/

entail

impliquer
Meaning
to involve something as a necessary or inevitable part or consequence
Example
The job will entail a lot of travel across the country.
Le travail impliquera beaucoup de voyages à travers le pays.
C2 noun /ˈɛpɪˌsaɪkl/

epicycle

cercle épicyclique
Meaning
a small circle whose center moves around the circumference of a larger one, used in ancient astronomy
Example
The concept of the epicycle was used to explain planetary motion.
Le concept d'épicyle a été utilisé pour expliquer le mouvement des planètes.
B2 noun ˈɛmpəθi

empathy

empathie
Meaning
The ability to understand and share the feelings of another person.
Example
Empathy helps students connect with society.
L'empathie aide les étudiants à se connecter avec la société.
C1 adjective /ˈen.vi.əs/

Envious

envieux/envieuse; jaloux/jalouse
Meaning
feeling or showing envy; jealous
Example
She felt envious of her friend's new car.
Elle se sentait envieuse de la nouvelle voiture de son amie.
C1 noun ˌes.kəˈleɪ.ʃən

escalation

augmentation rapide; une montée.
Meaning
A rapid increase; a rise.
Example
The escalation of production costs impacts profitability.
L'escalade des coûts de production impacte la rentabilité.
C2 adjective /ɪˈfiːt/

effete

efféminé
Meaning
Lacking vitality, strength, or effectiveness; weak and overrefined.
Example
The empire became effete after centuries of indulgence.
L'empire est devenu efféminé après des siècles de luxe.
C1 noun /ˈɛdɪfɪs/

edifice

bâtiment
Meaning
A large, impressive building or structure.
Example
The museum is an impressive edifice in the city center.
Le musée est un bâtiment impressionnant au centre-ville.
C2 noun /ˈiːɡres/

egress

issue
Meaning
The action of going out or leaving a place; an exit.
Example
The emergency door provided an egress for the trapped workers.
La porte de secours a fourni une issue pour les travailleurs piégés.
C1 noun /ɪkˌsperɪˈmɛnteɪʃən/

experimentation

expérimentation
Meaning
The process of performing a scientific procedure to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
Example
Experimentation leads to groundbreaking products.
L'expérimentation mène à des produits révolutionnaires.
C1 adjective, verb /ɪɡˈzɛmpt/

exempt

exempté
Meaning
Free from an obligation or liability imposed on others.
Example
Students with high grades are exempt from the final exam.
Les étudiants ayant de bonnes notes sont exemptés de l'examen final.
B2 adjective ˈeθ.ɪ.kəl

ethical

éthique
Meaning
Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
Example
Ethical considerations guide decisions.
Les considérations éthiques guident les décisions.
B2 verb /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/

encompass

englober
Meaning
To include comprehensively; to surround or encircle.
Example
The project will encompass all aspects of rural development.
Le projet englober tous les aspects du développement rural.
C1 noun /ˈiː.zi tʃeər/

Easy-chair

fauteuil
Meaning
a comfortable chair with arms and a back that reclines
Example
He relaxed in his favorite easy-chair after work.
Il s'est détendu dans son fauteuil préféré après le travail.
A2 verb /ɪkˈspleɪn/

explain

expliquer
Meaning
to make something clear or easy to understand by describing it in more detail
Example
The teacher explained the difficult concept to the students.
Le professeur a expliqué le concept difficile aux étudiants.
C2 adjective /ˈɛrzæts/

ersatz

substitut
Meaning
made or used as a substitute, typically an inferior one
Example
The cheap shoes were made of ersatz leather.
Les chaussures bon marché étaient en cuir artificiel.
C2 noun /ˈeb.taɪd/

Ebb-tide

basse mer
Meaning
the movement of the tide out to sea; a time when the sea level is falling
Example
During ebb-tide, we could walk further out on the beach.
Pendant la basse mer, nous pouvions marcher plus loin sur la plage.
B1 verb ɪkˈspændɪd

expanded

étendu
Meaning
Made or become larger or more extensive.
Example
Expanded opportunities in education can transform lives.
Les opportunités élargies dans l'éducation peuvent transformer des vies.
B2 verb /ɪnˈhæns/

enhance

améliorer
Meaning
to improve the quality, value, or extent of something
Example
The new features will enhance the user experience.
Les nouvelles fonctionnalités amélioreront l'expérience utilisateur.
B1 noun /ɪkˈsep.ʃən/

Exception

exception
Meaning
a person or thing that is excluded from a general statement or does not follow a rule
Example
Most students passed the exam, with the exception of a few who were absent.
La plupart des étudiants ont réussi l'examen, à l'exception de quelques-uns qui étaient absents.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɪɡ.mə/

enigma

énigme
Meaning
A person or thing that is mysterious, puzzling, or difficult to understand.
Example
Life remains an enigma to many.
La vie reste une énigme pour beaucoup.
C2 adjective /ˌɛvɪˈdɛnʃəl/

evidential

évidentiel
Meaning
relating to or providing evidence
Example
The lawyer presented evidential support for her claims.
L'avocat a présenté un soutien évident pour ses revendications.
B2 verb /ɪnˈdeɪndʒər/

endanger

mettre en danger
Meaning
To put someone or something at risk or in danger.
Example
Cutting down forests can endanger many species of animals.
Abattre des forêts peut mettre en danger de nombreuses espèces animales.
B1 noun /ˈɛnvəloʊp/

envelope

enveloppe
Meaning
a flat paper container used to enclose a letter or document
Example
She sealed the letter in an envelope and posted it.
Elle a scellé la lettre dans une enveloppe et l'a envoyée.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡətɪst/

egotist

égocentrique
Meaning
A person who is excessively self-centered or talks too much about themselves.
Example
The egotist dominated the conversation by talking only about his own achievements.
L'égocentrique a dominé la conversation en parlant uniquement de ses propres réalisations.
C2 verb /ɛnˈdʒɔɪn/

enjoin

ordonner, interdire
Meaning
to instruct or urge someone to do something; to prohibit legally
Example
The judge enjoined the company from continuing its activities.
Le juge a interdit à l'entreprise de poursuivre ses activités.
C2 verb /ɪˈdjuːs/

educe

extraire
Meaning
To draw out or bring forth something latent or hidden.
Example
The teacher tried to educe a response from the shy student.
Le professeur a essayé d'éduire une réponse de l'étudiant timide.
A2 noun /ˈen.ə.mi/

Enemy

ennemi
Meaning
a person who is actively opposed or hostile to someone or something
Example
In the story, the hero had to face his greatest enemy.
Dans l'histoire, le héros a dû affronter son plus grand ennemi.
C2 noun /ˌiː.mɛnˈdeɪ.ʃən/

emendation

rectification
Meaning
a correction or improvement made to a text
Example
The article required several emendations before it was ready for print.
L'article a nécessité plusieurs rectifications avant d'être prêt pour l'impression.
C1 noun /ˈem.ɪ.nəns/

Eminence

fame; supériorité
Meaning
fame or recognized superiority; high rank or status
Example
The professor achieved eminence in the field of quantum physics.
Le professeur a atteint la célébrité dans le domaine de la physique quantique.
B2 adjective /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/

Extensive

étendu; vaste; large
Meaning
covering or affecting a large area; comprehensive; wide-ranging
Example
The company conducted extensive research before launching the new product.
L'entreprise a mené des recherches approfondies avant de lancer le nouveau produit.
B1 noun ɪmˈplɔɪmənt

employment

emploi
Meaning
The condition of having paid work; the action of giving work to someone.
Example
Employment was limited to Urdu speakers.
L'emploi était limité aux locuteurs d'ourdou.
A2 noun ɪˈvɛnts

events

événements
Meaning
A thing that happens, especially one of importance.
Example
Several events were held across the country.
Plusieurs événements ont eu lieu à travers le pays.
C1 verb /ɪmˈboʊl.dən/

embolden

encourager
Meaning
To give someone the courage or confidence to do something.
Example
The coach's words emboldened the team to play aggressively.
Les paroles de l'entraîneur ont encouragé l'équipe à jouer de manière agressive.
C2 noun /ˌɛfəˈvɛsəns/

effervescence

effervescence
Meaning
The release of gas bubbles; vivacity or high-spiritedness.
Example
Her effervescence made her the life of the party.
Son effervescence faisait d'elle la vie de la fête.
C2 adjective /ˌɛl.ɪˈmɑː.səˌnɛr.i/

eleemosynary

charitable
Meaning
Relating to charity; dependent on or supported by charity.
Example
The hospital was founded as an eleemosynary institution.
L'hôpital a été fondé en tant qu'institution charitable.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstɔːr.ʃən/

extortion

extorsion
Meaning
the practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats
Example
The businessman was arrested for extortion after threatening his partner.
L'homme d'affaires a été arrêté pour extorsion après avoir menacé son partenaire.
B2 verb /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/

enrich

enrichir
Meaning
To improve or enhance the quality or value of something.
Example
Space exploration enriches human understanding.
L'exploration spatiale enrichit la compréhension humaine.
B2 noun ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən

evaluation

évaluation
Meaning
The making of a judgment about the amount, number, or value of something; assessment.
Example
Accurate evaluation helps determine resource sustainability.
Une évaluation précise aide à déterminer la durabilité des ressources.
C1 adverb ˌekspəˈnenʃəli

exponentially

exponentiellement
Meaning
At a rapidly increasing rate; growing or expanding very quickly and intensely.
Example
Internet adoption is growing exponentially worldwide.
L'adoption d'Internet croît de manière exponentielle dans le monde entier.
B2 adjective /ɪkˈskluːsɪv/

exclusive

réservé à une personne, un groupe ou une zone particulière; non partagé avec d'autres
Meaning
restricted to a particular person, group, or area; not shared with others
Example
The hotel offers exclusive access to a private beach.
L'hôtel offre un accès exclusif à une plage privée.
B1 adjective /ˈel.ɪ.ɡənt/

Elegant

élégant
Meaning
graceful and stylish; refined; sophisticated
Example
She wore an elegant dress to the party.
Elle portait une robe élégante à la fête.
B1 noun ˈiːˌkɒm.ɜːrs

e-commerce

commerce en ligne
Meaning
The process of buying and selling goods or services through the internet.
Example
E-commerce has revolutionized the way people shop.
Le commerce en ligne a révolutionné la façon dont les gens font leurs achats.
C1 adjective /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəl/

existential

existentiel
Meaning
Relating to human existence, often concerning meaning or purpose of life.
Example
She went through an existential crisis during her midlife.
Elle a traversé une crise existentielle pendant sa vie adulte.
C2 verb /ɪˈvɪns/

evince

démontrer
Meaning
to show or demonstrate clearly
Example
She evinced her interest in the project through active participation.
Elle a montré son intérêt pour le projet par une participation active.
B2 verb /ɪˈreɪs/

erase

effacer
Meaning
to remove completely; to delete or wipe out
Example
Use an eraser to erase the pencil marks.
Utilisez une gomme pour effacer les marques de crayon.
B1 noun /ɪˈdɪʃən/

edition

édition
Meaning
a particular version or printing of a book, newspaper, or other publication
Example
The latest edition of the magazine sold out quickly.
La dernière édition du magazine s'est vendue rapidement.
C2 verb /ɪˈvɪsəˌreɪt/

eviscerate

éviscérer, détruire
Meaning
to remove the internal organs of; to deprive of essential content
Example
The critics eviscerated the movie for its weak storyline.
les critiques ont détruit le film à cause de son histoire faible.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.jʊˌleɪt/

emulate

imiter
Meaning
to imitate someone or something with the intent to equal or surpass
Example
Young athletes often emulate their idols.
Les jeunes athlètes imitent souvent leurs idoles.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋ/

Exceeding

excessif; au-delà
Meaning
going beyond; surpassing; extremely
Example
The project was completed with exceeding excellence.
Le projet a été achevé avec une excellence excessive.
B2 verb /ɪkˈspɛl/

expel

expulser
Meaning
to officially force someone to leave a place or organization
Example
The student was expelled from school for misconduct.
L'étudiant a été expulsé de l'école pour mauvaise conduite.
C2 verb /ɪˈnəʊbəl/

ennoble

ennoblir
Meaning
to give someone a noble rank or to elevate in dignity or honor
Example
His selfless actions ennobled his character in the eyes of others.
Ses actions désintéressées ont ennobli son caractère aux yeux des autres.
B1 noun /ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/

Enthusiasm

enthousiasme; ferveur; passion
Meaning
intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval
Example
Her enthusiasm for the project inspired the entire team.
Son enthousiasme pour le projet a inspiré toute l'équipe.
A2 noun/verb /ˌɛndʒɪˈnɪər/

engineer

ingénieur
Meaning
A person trained to design, build, or maintain engines, machines, or structures; to skillfully arrange or bring about.
Example
The engineer designed a new bridge across the river.
L'ingénieur a conçu un nouveau pont au-dessus du fleuve.
B2 adjective /ɪɡˈzɑːtɪk/

exotic

exotique et attirant
Meaning
Unusual and attractive because it is from a foreign place or culture.
Example
The garden was filled with exotic plants from tropical countries.
Le jardin était rempli de plantes exotiques provenant de pays tropicaux.
B2 noun ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si

efficiency

efficacité
Meaning
The state or quality of being efficient; achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense.
Example
Efficiency in communication is crucial for businesses.
L'efficacité dans la communication est cruciale pour les entreprises.
B1 noun /ɪkˈspens/

Expense

dépense; frais;
Meaning
the cost required for something; money spent on something
Example
The travel expense for the business trip was covered by the company.
Les frais de voyage pour le voyage d'affaires ont été couverts par l'entreprise.
B1 adverb /ɪˈventʃuəli/

Eventually

finalement; à la fin
Meaning
in the end; finally; at last
Example
After years of hard work, she eventually became a doctor.
Après des années de travail acharné, elle est finalement devenue médecin.
B2 verb /ɪˈmɪt/

emit

Émettre
Meaning
to send out something such as light, heat, sound, or gas
Example
The factory emits smoke into the atmosphere.
L'usine émet de la fumée dans l'atmosphère.
B2 noun ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm

ecosystem

écosystème
Meaning
A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
Example
A balanced ecosystem is crucial for environmental sustainability.
Un écosystème équilibré est crucial pour la durabilité environnementale.
B2 noun /ˈɛθɪks/

ethics

éthique
Meaning
moral principles that govern a person's behavior or the conduct of an activity
Example
Business ethics require companies to act fairly and responsibly.
L'éthique des affaires exige que les entreprises agissent de manière juste et responsable.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈbrɔɪld/

embroiled

embroilé
Meaning
being deeply involved in a difficult situation, conflict, or scandal
Example
She found herself embroiled in a heated family dispute.
Elle s'est retrouvée embroilée dans un conflit familial intense.
C2 verb /ɪˈfjuːz/

effuse

effuser
Meaning
To pour out or express feelings freely and openly.
Example
She effused gratitude for the help she received.
Elle a exprimé sa gratitude pour l'aide qu'elle a reçue.
C1 noun /ɪnˈtaɪərəti/

entirety

intégralité
Meaning
the whole of something; the complete form
Example
He watched the movie in its entirety.
Il a regardé le film dans son intégralité.
C2 noun /ˈɛkwɪpɔɪz/

equipoise

équilibre
Meaning
A state of balance or equilibrium.
Example
Her calmness created an equipoise in the heated debate.
Sa calme a créé un équilibre dans le débat animé.
C1 phrase ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm kəˈlæps

ecosystem collapse

effondrement de l'écosystème
Meaning
The complete breakdown of an ecological system, resulting in the inability to maintain its structure and function.
Example
Unchecked deforestation can lead to ecosystem collapse.
La déforestation incontrôlée peut conduire à l'effondrement de l'écosystème.
C2 noun /ɪˈlɛk.trə.taɪp/

electrotype

électrotype
Meaning
A duplicate printing plate made by electroplating a mold of the original.
Example
The printer used an electrotype to produce multiple copies of the page.
L'imprimeur a utilisé un électrotype pour produire plusieurs copies de la page.
A2 noun /ˌen.təˈteɪn.mənt/

Entertainment

divertissement
Meaning
the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment
Example
The concert provided excellent entertainment for the entire family.
Le concert a offert un excellent divertissement pour toute la famille.
C2 adjective /ˈɛstɪməbl/

estimable

estimable
Meaning
Worthy of great respect.
Example
Her estimable achievements inspired the whole community.
Ses réalisations estimables ont inspiré toute la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈɛksɜːrpt/

excerpt

extrait
Meaning
A short portion taken from a text, film, or piece of music.
Example
The teacher read an excerpt from the novel.
Le professeur a lu un extrait du roman.
A2 verb /ˈentər/

enter

entrer
Meaning
to go into; to come or go inside
Example
Please knock before you enter the room.
S'il vous plaît, frappez avant d'entrer dans la pièce.
A1 pronoun /ˈɛvrɪwʌn/

everyone

tout le monde
Meaning
every person; all people
Example
Everyone must bring their own lunch.
Tout le monde doit apporter son propre déjeuner.
C1 noun /ɪɡˈzuːbərəns/

exuberance

exubérance
Meaning
the quality of being full of energy, excitement, and cheerfulness
Example
Her exuberance made the whole team feel motivated.
Son exubérance a motivé toute l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

extraneous

non pertinent
Meaning
Not directly related or essential to the matter at hand; irrelevant.
Example
The editor removed extraneous details from the report.
L'éditeur a supprimé les détails non pertinents du rapport.
C1 noun /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/

etymology

étymologie
Meaning
The study of the origin of words and how their meanings and forms have evolved.
Example
The etymology of the word 'salary' comes from the Latin word for salt.
L'étymologie du mot 'salaire' vient du mot latin pour sel.
B1 noun /ɪɡˌzæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

examination

examen
Meaning
a formal test of knowledge or ability
Example
She is preparing for her final examination.
Elle se prépare pour son examen final.
C2 noun /eɪˈklɑː/

eclat

grand succès
Meaning
Brilliant success, acclaim, or great public approval.
Example
The artist's debut performance was met with great éclat.
La première performance de l'artiste a été accueillie avec un grand succès.
C1 adjective ɪmˈpɪr.ɪ.kəl

empirical

empirique ou basé sur l'expérience
Meaning
Based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic.
Example
Scientific research relies on empirical evidence.
La recherche scientifique repose sur des preuves empiriques.
C2 verb /ɪmˈbɪtər/

embitter

amerir
Meaning
To make someone resentful or angry; to cause bitterness.
Example
The unfair treatment embittered the employees.
Le mauvais traitement a rendu les employés amers.
B2 noun /ɪnˈdɔːrs.mənt/

endorsement

approbation
Meaning
A public or official statement of support or approval.
Example
The celebrity's endorsement increased the product's sales.
L'approbation de la célébrité a augmenté les ventes du produit.
C2 noun /ˈaɪ.sɔːr/

Eyesore

un vrai casse-pied; une horreur visuelle
Meaning
something that is very ugly and unpleasant to look at
Example
The abandoned building has become an eyesore in the neighborhood.
Le bâtiment abandonné est devenu un vrai casse-pied dans le quartier.
B2 verb /ɪˈlɛkt/

elect

élire
Meaning
To choose someone for a position or office by voting.
Example
The citizens elected a new president.
Les citoyens ont élu un nouveau président.
C2 noun /ɪkˌsprəʊ.priˈeɪ.ʃən/

expropriation

expropriation
Meaning
The act of government taking private property, also known as confiscation, nationalization, or seizure.
Example
The land expropriation led to disputes among landowners.
L'expropriation des terres a entraîné des disputes entre les propriétaires fonciers.
C2 verb /ɪˈstreɪndʒ/

estrange

aliéner
Meaning
to cause someone to no longer be close or affectionate; to alienate
Example
His constant criticism began to estrange him from his friends.
Sa critique constante a commencé à l'éloigner de ses amis.
B2 adjective /ɪnˈtaɪtəld/

entitled

ayant droit
Meaning
having the right to do or have something; feeling deserving of special treatment
Example
Employees are entitled to paid leave.
Les employés ont droit à un congé payé.
B1 adjective /ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl/

electrical

électrique
Meaning
related to electricity or the use of electrical power
Example
The electrical system in the house needs repair.
Le système électrique de la maison a besoin de réparations.