Despairing
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C1 adjective /dɪˈsperɪŋ/

Despairing

désespérant
Meaning
feeling hopeless; in despair
Example
She felt despairing after losing her job.
Elle se sentait désespérée après avoir perdu son travail.
C1 noun /ˈten.jər/

Tenure

mandat
Meaning
the period of time during which someone holds an office or position
Example
During his tenure as CEO, the company expanded globally.
Pendant son mandat en tant que PDG, l'entreprise s'est étendue à l'échelle mondiale.
C1 noun /ˌɛksɪˈkjuːʃənər/

executioner

bourreau
Meaning
A person who carries out a death sentence by execution.
Example
The executioner prepared the gallows for the condemned prisoner.
Le bourreau a préparé la potence pour le prisonnier condamné.
C1 noun pɔɪz

poise

confiance et maîtrise de soi
Meaning
Natural confidence and composure maintained under pressure.
Example
A good speaker maintains poise under pressure.
Un bon orateur maintient sa maîtrise de soi sous pression.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvenʒ.fəl/

Revengeful

vindicatif
Meaning
seeking or desiring revenge; vindictive
Example
He became revengeful after being betrayed by his friend.
Il est devenu vindicatif après avoir été trahi par son ami.
C1 adjective /ˈɜːr.θən/

Earthen

fait de terre ou d'argile; lié à la poterie
Meaning
made of earth or clay; relating to pottery or ceramic materials
Example
The kitchen had beautiful earthen pots for storage.
La cuisine avait de beaux pots en terre cuite pour le stockage.
C1 adjective /ˌʌndərˈsaɪzd/

undersized

sous-dimensionné
Meaning
Smaller than the usual or expected size.
Example
The undersized puppy struggled to keep up with its siblings.
Le chiot sous-dimensionné avait du mal à suivre ses frères et sœurs.
C1 noun /əˈsɛsər/

assessor

évaluateur
Meaning
a person who evaluates or estimates the nature, ability, or quality of something
Example
An external assessor reviewed the project report.
Un évaluateur externe a examiné le rapport du projet.
C1 verb, noun /ˈɡrɪməs/

grimace

grimace
Meaning
to make an ugly, twisted expression on one's face, usually in disgust or pain
Example
He grimaced when he tasted the sour fruit.
Il grimace lorsqu'il goûta le fruit aigre.
C1 adjective /ˈtrænziənt/

Transient

transitoire; temporaire
Meaning
lasting for only a short time; temporary
Example
The beauty of spring flowers is transient.
La beauté des fleurs de printemps est transitoire.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkwaɪ.ət/

Unquiet

agité; anxieux; perturbé
Meaning
restless; unable to remain still or quiet; anxious or troubled
Example
She spent an unquiet night worrying about the exam results.
Elle a passé une nuit agitée à s'inquiéter des résultats de l'examen.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːrdənət/

inordinate

excessif
Meaning
Excessive or unusually large in degree.
Example
She spent an inordinate amount of time on her phone.
Elle a passé un temps excessif sur son téléphone.
C1 verb /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/

victimize

victimiser
Meaning
To make someone a victim, often by treating them unfairly or cruelly.
Example
The corrupt officials victimized the poor villagers.
Les fonctionnaires corrompus ont victimisé les pauvres villageois.
C1 noun /ˈɒfʃuːt/

offshoot

dérivé
Meaning
A branch or result that develops from something larger or more important.
Example
The startup was an offshoot of a major tech company.
La startup était un dérivé d'une grande entreprise technologique.
C1 noun /ˈbroʊkərɪdʒ/

brokerage

courtage
Meaning
A firm that acts as an intermediary between buyers and sellers, often charging a fee.
Example
The real estate brokerage helped them find a new home.
Le courtage immobilier les a aidés à trouver une nouvelle maison.
C1 verb /ˈkɒnskrɪpt/

conscript

forcé quelqu'un à rejoindre l'armée
Meaning
to force someone into military service
Example
The government conscripted young men during the war.
Le gouvernement a conscrit des jeunes hommes pendant la guerre.
C1 verb ˈhɪndər

hinder

entraver
Meaning
To obstruct or delay the progress of something
Example
Excessive rain hinders vegetable growth.
La pluie excessive entrave la croissance des légumes.
C1 verb /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/

equalize

égaliser
Meaning
To make equal or level in status, value, or amount.
Example
The team equalized the score in the last minute.
L'équipe a égalisé le score dans la dernière minute.
C1 adjective /ˌsuːɪˈsaɪdəl/

Suicidal

suicidaire
Meaning
relating to or having thoughts of killing oneself; extremely dangerous or harmful
Example
The reckless driving was suicidal behavior.
La conduite imprudente était un comportement suicidaire.
C1 noun /ˈprɛljuːd/

prelude

prélude
Meaning
An action, event, or statement that serves as an introduction to something more important.
Example
The small fight was only a prelude to a bigger conflict.
La petite bagarre n'était qu'un prélude à un plus grand conflit.
C1 adjective, noun /rɪˈsiːvəbl/

receivable

recouvrable
Meaning
Money that is owed to a company and is expected to be paid.
Example
The company's receivables increased significantly this quarter.
Les créances de l'entreprise ont considérablement augmenté ce trimestre.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəbˈtruːsɪv/

unobtrusive

discret
Meaning
not attracting attention; blending in without causing notice
Example
The security cameras are designed to be unobtrusive.
Les caméras de sécurité sont conçues pour être discrètes.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌɪzəm/

egoism

égoïsme
Meaning
An ethical theory that treats self-interest as the foundation of morality; also, excessive preoccupation with oneself.
Example
His decisions were often driven by egoism rather than concern for others.
Ses décisions étaient souvent motivées par l'égoïsme plutôt que par la préoccupation pour les autres.
C1 noun /ˌdʒæm.bəˈriː/

Jamboree

fête; rassemblement festif;
Meaning
a large celebration or party; a gathering with entertainment; a festive event
Example
The scout jamboree brought together thousands of young people from around the world.
Le jamboree scout a réuni des milliers de jeunes du monde entier.
C1 adjective ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv

counterproductive

contre-productif
Meaning
Having the opposite of the desired effect; tending to hinder rather than help.
Example
Counterproductive activities often stem from dissatisfaction.
Les activités contre-productives proviennent souvent du mécontentement.
C1 adjective ləˈθɑːrdʒɪk

lethargic

léthargique
Meaning
Being inactive due to lack of physical or mental energy
Example
After a heavy meal, he felt lethargic and sleepy.
Après un repas copieux, il se sentait léthargique et somnolent.
C1 adjective /pəˈroʊkiəl/

parochial

parroquial
Meaning
Having a limited or narrow outlook; relating to a parish.
Example
His parochial view prevented him from understanding global issues.
Sa vision paroissiale l'a empêché de comprendre les problèmes mondiaux.
C1 noun ˈsɛlfləsnɪs

selflessness

altruisme
Meaning
The quality of being concerned more with the needs of others than with one's own.
Example
Selflessness is a key value for community building.
L'altruisme est une valeur clé pour la construction de la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈmɒd.ə.sti/

Modesty

modestie; humilité
Meaning
the quality of being humble and not boastful about achievements
Example
Despite his success, he showed great modesty.
Malgré son succès, il a montré une grande modestie.
C1 noun /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪk dɪˈspær.ɪ.ti/

Economic Disparity

disparité économique
Meaning
The unequal distribution of income and opportunity between different groups in society.
Example
Addressing economic disparity is crucial for social stability.
Aborder la disparité économique est crucial pour la stabilité sociale.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔːrdiəl/

Cordial

chaleureux; sincère; cordial
Meaning
warmly friendly; sincere; heartfelt
Example
She gave us a cordial welcome at the front door.
Elle nous a donné un accueil chaleureux à la porte d'entrée.
C1 noun /əˈlʌmnəs/

alumnus

ancien élève
Meaning
a former student or graduate of a school, college, or university
Example
He is an alumnus of Harvard University.
Il est un ancien élève de l'Université de Harvard.
C1 adjective/noun nɪˈmɒn.ɪk

mnemonic

dispositif mnémotechnique, technique de mémorisation
Meaning
Assisting or intended to assist memory; a device or technique to aid memory.
Example
A mnemonic device helps students remember complex concepts.
Un dispositif mnémotechnique aide les étudiants à mémoriser des concepts complexes.
C1 noun /ˈleɪ.tən.si/

latency

latence
Meaning
The delay in processing signals or data.
Example
High latency in online gaming can cause lagging issues.
Une latence élevée dans les jeux en ligne peut causer des problèmes de décalage.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈlaɪ.tənd/

Enlightened

éclairé; illuminé; sage;
Meaning
having or showing a rational, modern outlook; having spiritual knowledge or understanding
Example
The enlightened teacher shared wisdom with all her students.
Le professeur éclairé a partagé la sagesse avec tous ses étudiants.
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

prolonger
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
Les négociations ont été prolongées pendant plusieurs mois.
C1 noun /ˈves.tɪdʒ/

Vestige

vestige
Meaning
a trace or remnant of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
Example
No vestige of the ancient city remains.
Aucun vestige de l'ancienne ville ne reste.
C1 adjective /tɜːrs/

terse

bref
Meaning
brief and to the point; sparing in the use of words
Example
His reply was terse and ended the conversation quickly.
Sa réponse était brève et a rapidement mis fin à la conversation.
C1 noun əˈtrɪʃ.ən

attrition

attrition
Meaning
The process of reducing something's strength or effectiveness through sustained attack or pressure.
Example
The company faced high employee attrition due to job dissatisfaction.
L'entreprise a subi une forte attrition des employés en raison de l'insatisfaction au travail.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈses.ənt/

incessant

incessant
Meaning
Continuing without pause or interruption; constant.
Example
The incessant noise from the construction site made it hard to concentrate.
Le bruit incessant du chantier rendait la concentration difficile.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ/

disallow

interdire
Meaning
to refuse to allow or accept something
Example
The referee disallowed the goal for offside.
L'arbitre a disallowé le but pour hors-jeu.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

sève / épuiser
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
Le long voyage a commencé à épuiser son énergie.
C1 verb /lɜːrk/

lurk

guetter
Meaning
to remain hidden so as to wait for an opportunity to attack or observe
Example
A stranger lurked in the shadows.
Un étranger rôdait dans l'ombre.
C1 noun /dɪˈkriː/

Decree

décret
Meaning
an official order issued by a legal authority; a judicial decision or edict
Example
The king issued a decree that all citizens must pay additional taxes.
Le roi a émis un décret stipulant que tous les citoyens doivent payer des taxes supplémentaires.
C1 noun /kənˈsep.ʃən/

Conception

conception; idée; fertilisation
Meaning
the forming of an idea or plan; the fertilization of an ovum by a sperm; the action of conceiving
Example
The conception of this innovative project took several months of brainstorming.
La conception de ce projet innovant a pris plusieurs mois de brainstorming.
C1 adjective /ˈsɜːrli/

surly

grognon
Meaning
bad-tempered and unfriendly
Example
The waiter gave us a surly look when we asked for more water.
Le serveur nous a lancé un regard grognon lorsque nous avons demandé plus d'eau.
C1 noun /ˈmænər/

manor

manoir
Meaning
A large country house with lands; the main house of an estate.
Example
The old manor stood proudly on the hill for centuries.
Le vieux manoir se tenait fièrement sur la colline pendant des siècles.
C1 noun səˈlɪnɪti ɪnˈtruːʒən

salinity intrusion

intrusion de salinité
Meaning
The movement of salt water into freshwater areas, typically affecting coastal regions.
Example
Salinity intrusion affects coastal regions.
L'intrusion de salinité affecte les régions côtières.
C1 noun ˌmɪt.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən

mitigation

atténuation
Meaning
The action of reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Example
Mitigation of climate change requires collective effort.
L'atténuation du changement climatique nécessite un effort collectif.
C1 adjective /ɪˈluːsɪv/

elusive

difficile à trouver
Meaning
Difficult to find, catch, or achieve; hard to understand or define.
Example
The solution to the problem proved elusive.
La solution au problème s'est avérée difficile à trouver.
C1 verb /bɪˈreɪt/

berate

gronder
Meaning
to scold or criticize angrily
Example
The teacher berated the student for being late.
Le professeur gronda l'élève pour être en retard.
C1 noun /ˈvʌl.tʃər/

Vulture

vautour
Meaning
a large bird of prey that feeds mainly on carrion
Example
The vulture circled overhead, waiting for its prey.
Le vautour volait en cercles au-dessus, attendant sa proie.
C1 adjective /kɑːrˈnɪv.ər.əs/

Carnivorous

carnivore
Meaning
feeding on other animals; meat-eating
Example
Lions are carnivorous animals that hunt other animals for food.
Les lions sont des animaux carnivores qui chassent d'autres animaux pour se nourrir.
C1 adjective /priːˈɛmɪnənt/

preeminent

prééminent
Meaning
Surpassing all others; very distinguished in some way.
Example
She is a preeminent scientist in the field of genetics.
Elle est une scientifique prééminente dans le domaine de la génétique.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɛkʃən/

defection

défection
Meaning
The act of abandoning one’s country, cause, or group in favor of another.
Example
The politician’s defection shocked his supporters.
La défection du politicien a choqué ses partisans.
C1 noun /ˈkɜːrnəl/

kernel

le noyau de quelque chose; la partie comestible d'une noix ou d'une graine
Meaning
the central, most important part of something; the edible part of a nut or seed
Example
The kernel of the argument was about fairness.
Le noyau de l'argument concernait l'équité.
C1 noun/verb /rɪˈpriːz/

reprise

reprise
Meaning
A repetition or return to an earlier theme, role, or action.
Example
The actor reprised his role in the sequel.
L'acteur a repris son rôle dans la suite.
C1 adjective /dɪˈskriːt/

discrete

discret
Meaning
individually separate and distinct
Example
The course is divided into three discrete modules.
Le cours est divisé en trois modules discrets.
C1 verb /ɪnˈlɪst/

enlist

s'enrôler
Meaning
to join or sign up, especially for military service; to secure someone's support or help
Example
He decided to enlist in the army after graduation.
Il a décidé de s'enrôler dans l'armée après l'obtention de son diplôme.
C1 adjective /ˌmiː.diˈoʊ.kər/

mediocre

médiocre
Meaning
Of only average quality; not very good.
Example
The movie was entertaining but overall mediocre.
Le film était divertissant mais dans l'ensemble médiocre.
C1 noun /ˈprɒdɪdʒi/

prodigy

prodige
Meaning
a person, especially a young one, with exceptional talents or abilities
Example
Mozart was a child prodigy in music.
Mozart était un prodige enfant en musique.
C1 adjective /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/

snobbish

prétentieux
Meaning
having or showing the attitude of people who think they are better than others
Example
She seemed snobbish because she avoided talking to the waiters.
Elle semblait prétentieuse parce qu'elle a évité de parler aux serveurs.
C1 adjective /ɪˈmækjələt/

immaculate

immaculé
Meaning
perfectly clean, neat, or free from flaws
Example
Her room was immaculate, with everything in its place.
Sa chambre était immaculée, tout était à sa place.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

triste; morne; sans joie
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
La vieille maison paraissait triste et abandonnée sous la pluie hivernale.
C1 adjective /traɪt/

trite

banal
Meaning
Overused and lacking originality.
Example
The speech was full of trite phrases.
Le discours était plein de phrases banales.
C1 noun kənˈvɜː.dʒəns

convergence

convergence
Meaning
The process of coming together from different directions to meet at a common point; unification or integration.
Example
The convergence of technologies is revolutionizing industries.
La convergence des technologies révolutionne les industries.
C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

despote
Meaning
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
Example
The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.
Le despote a dirigé la nation avec la peur et la violence.
C1 noun /mɔːrɡ/

morgue

morgue
Meaning
a place where dead bodies are kept, especially to be identified or claimed
Example
The police took the body to the morgue for identification.
La police a emmené le corps à la morgue pour identification.
C1 verb /ˌmɪsˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt/

misrepresent

falsifier
Meaning
to give a false or misleading account of something
Example
The lawyer accused the witness of trying to misrepresent the facts.
L'avocat a accusé le témoin d'avoir tenté de déformer les faits.
C1 verb /ˈstaɪmi/

stymie

entraver
Meaning
to prevent or hinder the progress of something
Example
The new regulations could stymie small businesses.
Les nouvelles régulations pourraient freiner les petites entreprises.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈtɒl.ər.ə.bəl/

Intolerable

intolérable
Meaning
unable to be endured; extremely unpleasant or painful
Example
The noise from the construction site was intolerable.
Le bruit du chantier était intolérable.
C1 noun /ˈsaɪd.laɪn dɪˈskʌʃənz/

sideline discussions

discussions secondaires
Meaning
Informal or secondary conversations that occur outside the main agenda of a formal meeting.
Example
Sideline discussions often lead to agreements.
Les discussions secondaires mènent souvent à des accords.
C1 phrase ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk rɛz.əˈluː.ʃən

diplomatic resolution

résolution diplomatique
Meaning
A peaceful solution to conflicts through negotiation and diplomatic channels.
Example
A diplomatic resolution is necessary for peace.
Une résolution diplomatique est nécessaire pour la paix.
C1 noun /dɪˈkɔː.rəm/

Decorum

décorum; bienséance; dignité
Meaning
behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety; dignified and appropriate conduct
Example
The diplomat maintained perfect decorum throughout the heated negotiations.
Le diplomate a maintenu un décorum parfait tout au long des négociations animées.
C1 adjective /ˌθiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/

theological

théologique
Meaning
Relating to the study of theology or religious belief.
Example
He wrote a theological paper on the concept of divine justice.
Il a écrit un article théologique sur le concept de justice divine.
C1 noun /ədˈhɪə.rəns/

adherence

adhérence
Meaning
The practice of following or keeping to a rule, standard, or belief.
Example
Adherence to rules is crucial in any organization.
Le respect des règles est crucial dans toute organisation.
C1 noun /ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/

Misconduct

conduite inappropriée
Meaning
Unacceptable or improper behavior, especially by a professional person
Example
The officer was dismissed for professional misconduct.
L'officier a été renvoyé pour conduite inappropriée professionnelle.
C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

se plaindre
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
Elle a tendance à se plaindre des plus petites contrariétés.
C1 verb /wɔːrp/

warp

déformer
Meaning
To twist or bend out of shape, often due to heat or moisture.
Example
The wooden door warped in the summer heat.
La porte en bois s'est déformée sous la chaleur de l'été.
C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ə.təʊn/

monotone

monotone
Meaning
A continuous sound, especially of a person's voice, that does not rise and fall in pitch.
Example
The teacher's monotone made the lecture hard to follow.
Le monotone de l'enseignant rendait la conférence difficile à suivre.
C1 noun /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/

montage

montage
Meaning
A sequence of film editing or a composite image made by combining several separate pictures.
Example
The film opened with a montage of city life.
Le film a commencé par un montage de la vie urbaine.
C1 verb /əˈtɛst/

attest

attester
Meaning
To provide or serve as clear evidence of; to confirm or certify the truth of something.
Example
The witness attested to the accuracy of the report.
Le témoin a attesté de l'exactitude du rapport.
C1 verb /məˈtɪərɪəlaɪz/

materialize

se matérialiser
Meaning
To become real or actual; to appear suddenly or in a physical form.
Example
The opportunity he had been waiting for finally materialized.
L'opportunité qu'il attendait est enfin matérialisée.
C1 noun /ˈbænɪstər/

banister

rampe
Meaning
a railing supported by posts at the side of a staircase or balcony
Example
She held the banister tightly while going down the stairs.
Elle tenait fermement la rampe en descendant les escaliers.
C1 adjective /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθən/

elizabethan

époque élisabéthaine
Meaning
Relating to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England (1558–1603), especially the style of that period.
Example
Shakespeare wrote many of his plays during the Elizabethan era.
Shakespeare a écrit de nombreuses pièces pendant l'époque élisabéthaine.
C1 noun /ˈeɪ.peks/

apex

apex, sommet, point culminant
Meaning
The highest point or peak of something; the top or summit.
Example
He reached the apex of his career.
Il a atteint l'apex de sa carrière.
C1 verb /dɪˈluːd/

delude

tromper
Meaning
To mislead someone into believing something that is not true.
Example
He deluded himself into thinking he could win the race without training.
Il s'est trompé lui-même en pensant qu'il pouvait gagner la course sans s'entraîner.
C1 adjective /ˈmɒsi/

Mossy

recouvert de mousse; avec de la mousse poussant dessus
Meaning
covered with moss; having moss growing on it
Example
The old tree trunk was mossy and covered with green vegetation.
Le tronc de l'arbre vieux était recouvert de mousse et couvert de végétation verte.
C1 adjective /ˈfaɪə.ri/

Fiery

enflammé; passionné; irritable
Meaning
burning; passionate; hot-tempered; showing strong emotion
Example
She has a fiery temper that flares up quickly.
Elle a un tempérament enflammé qui s'emporte rapidement.
C1 verb /ˈʃɪmər/

shimmer

scintiller
Meaning
To shine with a soft, wavering light.
Example
The lake shimmered under the moonlight.
Le lac scintillait sous la lumière de la lune.
C1 adverb /ˈðɛərfɔːr/

therefor

pour cela
Meaning
For that or for it.
Example
He received payment and gave a receipt therefor.
Il a reçu le paiement et a donné un reçu pour cela.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

vénérable; respecté
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
Le vénérable professeur enseigne à l'université depuis cinquante ans.
C1 verb /skɪmp/

skimp

brader
Meaning
to use less of something than is necessary in order to save money or effort
Example
Don’t skimp on quality when buying a new laptop.
Ne fais pas d'économie sur la qualité lorsque tu achètes un nouvel ordinateur portable.
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ

decipher

déchiffrer, traduire, interpréter
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
Il a fallu des heures pour déchiffrer l'écriture ancienne.
C1 verb/noun /pərˈvɜːrt/

pervert

pervertir / personne pervertie
Meaning
As a verb: to distort the meaning or purpose of something; as a noun: a person with abnormal or immoral sexual behavior.
Example
He tried to pervert the truth to escape punishment.
Il a tenté de pervertir la vérité pour échapper à la punition.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈθrɔː.lɪŋ/

enthralling

captivant
Meaning
Captivating and holding one's attention completely; fascinating.
Example
The movie was enthralling, keeping the audience engaged till the end.
Le film était captivant, maintenant le public engagé jusqu'à la fin.
C1 noun /ˈrɛdʒɪmənt/

regiment

Meaning
A permanent unit of an army, typically commanded by a colonel and divided into several companies.
Example
The regiment marched proudly through the streets after returning from the mission.
C1 noun/verb /ˈoʊvərˌhæŋ/

overhang

saillie
Meaning
To extend outward and hang over something; a projecting part.
Example
The roof overhang provides shade in the summer.
Le surplomb fournit de l'ombre en été.
C1 verb /dʒɒt/

jot

écrire rapidement et brièvement
Meaning
to write something quickly and briefly
Example
She jotted down his phone number on a napkin.
Elle a noté rapidement son numéro de téléphone sur un serviette.
C1 verb kəˈrɒb.ə.reɪt

corroborate

corroborer
Meaning
Confirm or give support to a statement, theory, or finding.
Example
The witness corroborated the defendant's testimony.
Le témoin a corroboré le témoignage du prévenu.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔːri/

inflammatory

bonheur
Meaning
causing inflammation in the body; arousing anger, hostility, or strong emotion
Example
His inflammatory speech triggered protests across the city.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 noun /ˈtoʊ.pæz/

Topaz

topaze
Meaning
a precious stone, typically colorless, yellow, or blue, used in jewelry
Example
The queen's crown was adorned with a magnificent blue topaz.
La couronne de la reine était décorée d'un magnifique topaze bleu.
C1 verb /ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/

stigmatize

stigmatiser
Meaning
to describe or regard someone as worthy of disgrace or disapproval
Example
People with certain illnesses are often unfairly stigmatized.
Les personnes atteintes de certaines maladies sont souvent stigmatisées de manière injuste.
C1 noun /ˈmeɪhɛm/

mayhem

chaos
Meaning
Violent or extreme disorder; chaos and destruction.
Example
The protest turned into mayhem when the crowd clashed with the police.
La protestation a tourné au chaos lorsque la foule s'est heurtée à la police.
C1 noun /ˈrɛz.ə.nəns/

resonance

résonance
Meaning
A deep, reverberating sound or a quality of evoking response.
Example
His speech had a deep resonance with the audience.
Son discours avait une profonde résonance avec le public.
C1 noun daɪˈkɒtəmi

dichotomy

dichotomie
Meaning
A division or contrast between two things that are or are represented as being opposed or entirely different.
Example
The dichotomy between tradition and modernity is often debated.
La dichotomie entre la tradition et la modernité est souvent débattue.
C1 noun /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl miːt/

Palatable meat

viande savoureuse
Meaning
Meat that is pleasant to taste; appetizing meat dish
Example
The chef prepared palatable meat dishes for the dinner party.
Le chef a préparé des plats de viande savoureux pour la fête du dîner.
C1 noun/verb /ˈvɑːrnɪʃ/

varnish

vernis
Meaning
A liquid that is applied to wood or other materials to form a hard, shiny surface; also to apply such a liquid.
Example
The carpenter varnished the table to give it a glossy finish.
Le charpentier a verni la table pour lui donner une finition brillante.
C1 noun /ˈmæk.rəʊˌnjuː.tri.ənts/

macronutrients

macronutriments
Meaning
Nutrients that are needed in large amounts to provide energy and building materials for the body, including carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Example
Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are vital macronutrients.
Les protéines, les graisses et les glucides sont des macronutriments essentiels.
C1 noun /ˈskɛptɪk/

skeptic

sceptique
Meaning
A person who doubts or questions accepted beliefs or claims.
Example
The scientist was a skeptic of theories without solid evidence.
Le scientifique était sceptique des théories sans preuve solide.
C1 adjective /ˌɪntərˈtwaɪnd/

intertwined

bonheur
Meaning
closely connected or twisted together
Example
Their lives became deeply intertwined after the accident.
Elle n'a pas pu cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective/noun /ˈnɜːr.tʃɚ.ɪŋ/

nurturing

soins, encouragement, développement
Meaning
The process of caring for and encouraging growth or development.
Example
A nurturing environment helps children thrive.
Un environnement nurturing aide les enfants à s'épanouir.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnfɔːrˈsiːn/

unforeseen

Meaning
Not anticipated or predicted; unexpected.
Example
The project faced unforeseen challenges that delayed its completion.
C1 verb /ˈdɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

dissipate

disparaître progressivement
Meaning
To disappear or cause to disappear gradually.
Example
The tension in the room slowly dissipated.
La tension dans la pièce a lentement disparu.
C1 noun /ˌfɜːrmənˈteɪʃən/

fermentation

fermentation, changement chimique par levures ou bactéries
Meaning
a chemical process by which substances like sugar are converted into alcohol or acids using microorganisms
Example
The fermentation of grapes produces wine.
La fermentation des raisins produit du vin.
C1 noun /ˈsɛpərətɪst/

separatist

séparatiste
Meaning
A person who supports the separation of a group from a larger body, often for political or cultural independence.
Example
The separatist group demanded independence from the central government.
Le groupe séparatiste a exigé l'indépendance du gouvernement central.
C1 adverb /ˌɪn.ədˈvɜːr.tənt.li/

Inadvertently

involontairement; par erreur
Meaning
without being aware of what you are doing; unintentionally; by mistake
Example
She inadvertently deleted the important file while cleaning her computer.
Elle a accidentellement supprimé le fichier important en nettoyant son ordinateur.
C1 verb /dɪsˈkleɪm/

disclaim

démentir
Meaning
to deny responsibility or connection with something
Example
The company disclaimed responsibility for the accident.
L'entreprise a démenti toute responsabilité pour l'accident.
C1 noun /ɡroʊv/

grove

bosquet / petit verger
Meaning
A small group of trees growing close together.
Example
They walked through the orange grove.
Ils marchaient à travers le verger d'oranges.
C1 noun /ˈiːɡoʊˌtɪzəm/

egotism

égotisme
Meaning
The practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of an inflated sense of self-importance.
Example
His constant boasting revealed his egotism.
Ses vantardises constantes ont révélé son égotisme.
C1 verb /ˈstriːm.laɪn/

streamline

rationaliser ou augmenter l'efficacité
Meaning
To make a process simpler and more efficient.
Example
The company aims to streamline production to reduce costs.
L'entreprise vise à simplifier la production pour réduire les coûts.