deny
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B1 verb /dɪˈnaɪ/

deny

nier
Meaning
to refuse to accept or admit something; to declare something untrue
Example
He denied stealing the money.
Il a nié avoir volé l'argent.
B2 adjective /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

devoted

dévoué
Meaning
Very loving, loyal, or dedicated.
Example
She is a devoted mother who always puts her children first.
Elle est une mère dévouée qui met toujours ses enfants en premier.
B2 verb /ˈdæzəl/

dazzle

éblouir
Meaning
to impress deeply or blind with brilliance or skill
Example
The magician's tricks dazzled the audience.
Les tours du magicien ont ébloui le public.
C1 verb /daʊs/

douse

éteindre / verser
Meaning
to pour liquid over; to extinguish a fire or light
Example
Firefighters doused the flames with water.
Les pompiers ont éteint les flammes avec de l'eau.
B2 noun daɪˈmen.ʃən

dimension

dimension
Meaning
An aspect or feature of a situation, problem, or thing; a measurable extent.
Example
Renewable projects add a new dimension to urban planning.
Les projets renouvelables ajoutent une nouvelle dimension à la planification urbaine.
C1 verb ˈdiː.vi.eɪt

deviate

s'écarter
Meaning
To depart from an established course or normal pattern.
Example
He tends to deviate from the original plan.
Il a tendance à s'écarter du plan initial.
C2 verb /ˈdɒɡmətaɪz/

dogmatize

dogmatiser
Meaning
To state opinions or beliefs as if they were absolute truths.
Example
The professor tended to dogmatize on political issues.
Le professeur avait tendance à dogmatiser sur les questions politiques.
C2 verb /dɪsˈbɜːrs/

disburse

distribuer
Meaning
to pay out money, especially from a fund
Example
The organization will disburse the funds to the affected families.
L'organisation va distribuer les fonds aux familles affectées.
B2 adjective /dɪˈraɪvd/

derived

dérivé
Meaning
Developed or obtained from something else; not original.
Example
The word is derived from Latin.
Le mot est dérivé du latin.
C2 verb /ˈdɛsɪkeɪt/

desiccate

dessécher
Meaning
to dry up completely or remove the moisture from something
Example
The hot sun can quickly desiccate plants in the desert.
Le soleil chaud peut rapidement dessécher les plantes dans le désert.
C2 adjective /ˈdɒdərɪŋ/

doddering

tremblant / faible
Meaning
Weak, shaky, or unsteady, especially due to old age.
Example
The doddering professor struggled to climb the stairs.
Le professeur doddering avait du mal à monter les escaliers.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪ.li.ə/

Dahlia

dahlia
Meaning
a garden plant with brightly colored flowers that bloom in summer and autumn
Example
She planted colorful dahlias in her garden last summer.
Elle a planté des dahlias colorés dans son jardin l'été dernier.
B2 noun /dɪˈfɛndər/

defender

défenseur
Meaning
a person who protects someone or something from harm or attack
Example
The defender blocked the shot and saved the goal.
Le défenseur a bloqué le tir et a sauvé le but.
C2 noun /dɪˈkrɛpɪˌtjuːd/

decrepitude

décadence
Meaning
the state of being old, weak, and worn out
Example
The once-great empire fell into decrepitude.
L'autrefois grand empire est tombé dans la décadence.
C2 noun/verb /dɪsˈfeɪvər/

disfavor

désapprobation / aversion
Meaning
disapproval or dislike; to regard with disapproval
Example
The new policy fell into disfavor with the public.
La nouvelle politique est tombée en disgrâce auprès du public.
B2 noun /ˈdreɪ.nɪdʒ/

drainage

drainage
Meaning
the system or process by which water or other liquids are drained away
Example
Poor drainage caused flooding in the neighborhood.
Un mauvais drainage a causé des inondations dans le quartier.
C1 adjective /dɪˈplɔːrəbl/

deplorable

déplorable
Meaning
deserving strong condemnation; shockingly bad in quality
Example
The refugees were living in deplorable conditions.
Les réfugiés vivaient dans des conditions déplorables.
C1 verb /dɪsˈfɪɡjər/

disfigure

défigurer
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance of something
Example
The fire disfigured the old building.
Le feu a défiguré le vieux bâtiment.
C2 noun /ˈdeɪ.mæn/

day-man

travailleur journalier
Meaning
a worker employed by the day; a day laborer
Example
The farmer hired a day-man to help with the harvest.
Le fermier a embauché un travailleur journalier pour aider à la récolte.
C2 verb /dɪˈnɒmɪˌneɪt/

denominate

dénommer
Meaning
to give a name or designation to something
Example
The currency was denominated in dollars.
La monnaie a été dénommée en dollars.
C2 noun /ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃən/

disquisition

disquisition
Meaning
A long or elaborate discussion or written essay on a particular subject.
Example
The professor gave a lengthy disquisition on ancient philosophy.
Le professeur a donné une disquisition approfondie sur la philosophie antique.
B1 noun /dɪˈskʌvəri/

discovery

découverte
Meaning
The act of finding or learning something for the first time.
Example
The discovery of penicillin changed medical history.
La découverte de la pénicilline a changé l'histoire de la médecine.
A2 adjective /draɪ/

Dry

sec; sans humidité ou liquide; sans intérêt ni excitation
Meaning
free from moisture or liquid; not wet; lacking interest or excitement
Example
The desert has very dry climate.
Le désert a un climat très sec.
B1 verb /dɪˈtɜːrmɪn/

determine

déterminer
Meaning
to decide; to find out exactly
Example
We must determine the cause of the problem.
Nous devons déterminer la cause du problème.
C2 adjective /dɪˈmoʊniˌæk/

demoniac

démoniaque
Meaning
possessed, produced, or influenced by a demon; frenzied or violent
Example
The soldiers fought with demoniac fury.
Les soldats ont combattu avec une furie démoniaque.
C2 verb /dɪˈkleɪm/

declaim

déclamer
Meaning
to speak aloud in a formal, passionate, or theatrical way
Example
The actor declaimed his lines with great intensity.
L'acteur déclama ses répliques avec une grande intensité.
B2 noun /dɪˈsɛnt/

descent

descente / ascendance
Meaning
the action of moving downward, falling, or dropping; ancestry or origin
Example
The climbers began their descent from the mountain peak.
Les grimpeurs ont commencé leur descente du sommet de la montagne.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpærɪdʒ/

disparage

dénigrer
Meaning
to criticize someone or something in a way that shows a lack of respect
Example
It is unfair to disparage people for their opinions.
Il est injuste de dénigrer les gens pour leurs opinions.
C2 verb /dɪˈpreɪv/

deprave

pervertir
Meaning
to corrupt morally; to make someone immoral or wicked
Example
The novel was criticized for attempting to deprave the minds of young readers.
Le roman a été critiqué pour avoir tenté de pervertir l'esprit des jeunes lecteurs.
B2 noun /diːd/

Deed

action; exploit; document légal;
Meaning
an action that is performed intentionally or consciously; a legal document showing ownership
Example
His heroic deed saved the child from drowning in the river.
Son exploit héroïque a sauvé l'enfant de se noyer dans la rivière.
B2 noun /dɪˈsep.ʃən/

Deception

tromperie
Meaning
the action of deceiving someone; the state of being deceived
Example
The magician's deception amazed the audience with seemingly impossible tricks.
La tromperie du magicien a stupéfié le public avec des tours apparemment impossibles.
C2 noun /dɪˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃən/

dilapidation

dilapidation
Meaning
The state of disrepair or ruin as a result of neglect.
Example
The old temple was in a state of dilapidation.
Le vieux temple était dans un état de dilapidation.
B2 adjective /dɪˈbeɪtəbl̩/

debatable

débatable
Meaning
open to discussion or doubt; not certain
Example
It is debatable whether the policy will work.
Il est débattable que la politique fonctionne.
C1 noun, verb /dɪsˈɑːnər/

dishonor

déshonneur
Meaning
a state of shame or loss of respect; to bring shame upon someone or something
Example
The soldier felt he had brought dishonor to his family.
Le soldat a senti qu'il avait apporté le déshonneur à sa famille.
C1 adjective /dɪˈspɜːrst/

dispersed

dispersé
Meaning
Scattered or spread across a wide area.
Example
The dispersed population made it difficult to provide public services.
La population dispersée a rendu difficile la fourniture de services publics.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpruːv/

disprove

démontre que quelque chose est faux
Meaning
to show that something is false or wrong
Example
The scientist worked hard to disprove the old theory.
Le scientifique a travaillé dur pour prouver que la vieille théorie était fausse.
C2 noun /ˈdɪti/

ditty

petite chanson
Meaning
a short, simple song or poem
Example
She sang a cheerful little ditty while cooking.
Elle chanta une petite chanson joyeuse en cuisinant.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈkɔːrdənt/

discordant

discordant
Meaning
disagreeing or clashing; harsh and jarring in sound
Example
The discordant notes of the band hurt our ears.
Les notes discordantes du groupe ont blessé nos oreilles.
B2 adjective /ˈdɛntəl/

dental

dentaire
Meaning
relating to teeth or dentistry
Example
She goes for a dental checkup every six months.
Elle fait un contrôle dentaire tous les six mois.
B2 noun /dɪˈpləʊməsi/

diplomacy

diplomatie
Meaning
The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations or handling affairs tactfully.
Example
Effective diplomacy helped avoid the conflict.
Une diplomatie efficace a permis d'éviter le conflit.
B2 noun /daɪˈnæmɪks/

dynamics

dynamique
Meaning
the forces or properties that stimulate growth, development, or change within a system or process
Example
The dynamics of the team changed after the new manager joined.
La dynamique de l'équipe a changé après l'arrivée du nouveau manager.
C2 verb /dɪˈsɛmbəl/

dissemble

dissimuler
Meaning
to conceal one's true motives, feelings, or beliefs; to pretend
Example
He tried to dissemble his anger with a forced smile.
Il a essayé de dissimuler sa colère avec un sourire forcé.
C1 adjective /ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒɛnjʊəs/

disingenuous

fallacieux
Meaning
not candid or sincere; giving a false appearance of honesty or openness
Example
She gave a disingenuous excuse for missing the meeting.
Elle a donné une excuse fallacieuse pour ne pas assister à la réunion.
C1 adjective /dɪˈskriːt/

discrete

discret
Meaning
individually separate and distinct
Example
The course is divided into three discrete modules.
Le cours est divisé en trois modules discrets.
C1 noun /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/

denomination

dénomination, valeur
Meaning
a recognized autonomous branch of the Christian Church; a unit of value or currency
Example
The church belongs to a Protestant denomination.
L'église appartient à une dénomination protestante.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛkt/

dissect

disséquer
Meaning
to cut apart an animal, plant, or other organism to study its internal parts; to analyze something in detail
Example
In biology class, students had to dissect a frog to learn about its anatomy.
En cours de biologie, les étudiants ont dû disséquer une grenouille pour apprendre son anatomie.
C1 noun /ˈdek.ə.dəns/

decadence

décadence
Meaning
Moral or cultural decline characterized by excessive indulgence in pleasure or luxury.
Example
The novel describes the decadence of the wealthy elite.
Le roman décrit la décadence de l'élite riche.
C1 verb /dɪsˈbænd/

disband

dissoudre
Meaning
to break up and stop functioning as a group or organization
Example
The club decided to disband after twenty years of activity.
Le club a décidé de se dissoudre après vingt ans d'activité.
C2 noun /ˌdɛspəˈrɑːdoʊ/

desperado

bandit
Meaning
A bold, reckless, or dangerous person, often a criminal.
Example
The sheriff was determined to capture the desperado who terrorized the town.
Le shérif était déterminé à capturer le bandit qui terrorisait la ville.
B2 noun /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃən/

distribution

distribution
Meaning
the act of sharing or delivering something to multiple people or places
Example
The company manages the distribution of food supplies to rural areas.
L'entreprise gère la distribution des fournitures alimentaires dans les zones rurales.
C2 adjective /dɪˈluːsəri/

delusory

illusoires
Meaning
Based on illusion; not real.
Example
He was filled with delusory hopes of becoming famous overnight.
Il était rempli de faux espoirs de devenir célèbre du jour au lendemain.
B2 noun ˈdɒmɪnəns

dominance

domination
Meaning
Power and influence over others; control or command.
Example
The dominance of Urdu was evident.
La domination de l'ourdou était évidente.
C1 verb /daɪˈɡrɛs/

digress

s'écarter temporairement du sujet principal
Meaning
To leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing.
Example
The professor began to digress from the main topic of the lecture.
Le professeur a commencé à digresser du sujet principal de la conférence.
C1 verb /dɪsˈpleɪs/

displace

déplacer
Meaning
to force someone or something out of their usual or original position; to replace or substitute
Example
The new technology will displace many traditional manufacturing jobs.
La nouvelle technologie déplacera de nombreux emplois traditionnels dans la fabrication.
C2 verb /dɪsˈɡɔːrdʒ/

disgorge

vomir, déverser
Meaning
to discharge or pour out; to vomit; to give up reluctantly
Example
The broken pipe disgorged water all over the floor.
Le tuyau cassé a déversé de l'eau sur tout le sol.
C1 noun /dɪˈkɔː.rəm/

Decorum

décorum; bienséance; dignité
Meaning
behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety; dignified and appropriate conduct
Example
The diplomat maintained perfect decorum throughout the heated negotiations.
Le diplomate a maintenu un décorum parfait tout au long des négociations animées.
B2 verb /dwel/

dwell

habiter
Meaning
to live in a place; to think about something for a long time
Example
They dwell in a small cottage by the lake.
Ils vivent dans une petite cabane près du lac.
C2 adjective /ˈdɛsɪkeɪtɪd/

desiccated

desséché
Meaning
completely dried, having had all moisture removed
Example
The museum displayed desiccated specimens of plants.
Le musée a exposé des spécimens desséchés de plantes.
C2 verb /ˈdʌv.teɪl/

dovetail

s'harmoniser parfaitement
Meaning
to fit or combine perfectly together
Example
Her plans dovetail perfectly with our goals.
Ses plans s'accordent parfaitement avec nos objectifs.
C2 verb /ˌdɛlɪˈkwɛs/

deliquesce

devenir liquide en absorbant l'humidité de l'air
Meaning
to become liquid by absorbing moisture from the air
Example
The salt began to deliquesce after being left in the humid room.
Le sel a commencé à se délier après avoir été laissé dans la pièce humide.
C1 adjective /dɪˈreɪndʒd/

deranged

fou
Meaning
mentally disturbed or insane; behaving irrationally
Example
The deranged man shouted nonsense in the street.
L'homme fou a crié des absurdités dans la rue.
C1 noun/adjective /dɪˈtɜː.rənt/

deterrent

élément dissuasif
Meaning
A thing that discourages or is intended to discourage someone from doing something.
Example
A strict law serves as a deterrent to crime.
Une loi stricte sert d'élément dissuasif contre le crime.
A2 noun /ˈdɑrk.nəs/

Darkness

obscurité; ignorance;
Meaning
the partial or total absence of light; wickedness or evil; ignorance or lack of knowledge
Example
The power outage plunged the entire city into darkness.
La panne de courant a plongé toute la ville dans l'obscurité.
C1 noun, adjective /dɪˈrɪvətɪv/

derivative

dérivé
Meaning
Something that is based on another source; in math, a measure of how a function changes.
Example
The film was criticized for being too derivative of earlier works.
Le film a été critiqué pour être trop dérivé des œuvres précédentes.
C1 adjective /dɪˈɡreɪdɪd/

degraded

dégradé
Meaning
Reduced in quality, dignity, or condition.
Example
The villagers were forced to live in degraded conditions.
Les villageois ont été forcés de vivre dans des conditions dégradées.
C1 noun ˌdɪs.æmˌbɪɡ.juˈeɪ.ʃən

disambiguation

désambiguïsation
Meaning
The removal of ambiguity by making something clear and unambiguous.
Example
The AI system applies disambiguation to refine text understanding.
Le système IA applique la disambiguation pour affiner la compréhension du texte.
C1 noun /ˌdɪsəˈbiːdiəns/

disobedience

désobéissance
Meaning
failure or refusal to obey rules, laws, or authority
Example
The child's disobedience worried his parents.
La désobéissance de l'enfant inquiéta ses parents.
C2 noun /ˈdaɪɡræf/

digraph

digraphe
Meaning
A pair of letters representing a single sound, such as 'sh' in 'ship'.
Example
In the word 'phone', the letters 'ph' form a digraph.
Dans le mot 'téléphone', les lettres 'ph' forment un digraphe.
C2 verb /dɪsˈkaʊntənəns/

discountenance

désapprouver
Meaning
To disapprove of or discourage something.
Example
The teacher strongly discountenanced cheating in exams.
Le professeur a fermement désapprouvé la triche lors des examens.
C1 noun /ˌdev.əˈtiː/

Devotee

dévote; adepte
Meaning
a person who is very interested in and enthusiastic about someone or something
Example
As a devotee of classical music, she attended every concert in the city.
En tant que dévote de la musique classique, elle assistait à chaque concert de la ville.
C1 verb /dɪˈpliːt/

deplete

épuiser
Meaning
to reduce the quantity or supply of something
Example
The long war has depleted the country's resources.
La longue guerre a épuisé les ressources du pays.
C2 adjective /dɪˈkɔːrəs/

decourous

décent
Meaning
characterized by propriety, good taste, and proper manners
Example
She maintained a decourous silence during the ceremony.
Elle a maintenu un silence décent pendant la cérémonie.
C2 noun /daɪˈɡrɛʃən/

digression

digression
Meaning
A temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing.
Example
Her story was full of interesting digressions.
Son histoire était pleine de digressions intéressantes.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd/

disinterested

désintéressé
Meaning
not influenced by personal interest; impartial or neutral
Example
The judge remained disinterested in the case.
Le juge est resté désintéressé dans l'affaire.
B1 adjective /dɪsˈeɪbld/

disabled

handicapé
Meaning
having a physical or mental condition that limits movements, senses, or activities
Example
The park has special facilities for disabled people.
Le parc dispose d'installations spéciales pour les personnes handicapées.
B1 adjective dəˈmes.tɪk

domestic

domestique
Meaning
Existing or occurring inside a particular country; not foreign or international.
Example
Domestic investments stabilize the economy.
Les investissements nationaux stabilisent l'économie.
C2 noun /ˈdrʌmɪt/

Drumet

drumet
Meaning
a small drum used in military or marching bands
Example
The drummer played a steady beat on the drumet during the parade.
Le batteur a joué un rythme constant sur le drumet pendant le défilé.
B2 noun /ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl/

disapproval

désapprobation
Meaning
The expression of an unfavorable opinion or judgment
Example
Her parents showed clear disapproval of her decision to drop out of college.
Ses parents ont montré une claire désapprobation de sa décision de quitter l'université.
C1 adjective /dɪˈbeɪst/

debased

dégradé
Meaning
having lost quality, value, or moral character
Example
The debased currency lost the trust of the people.
La monnaie dégradée a perdu la confiance des gens.
C1 adjective /ˈdek.stər.əs/

dexterous

habile
Meaning
Showing or having skill, especially with the hands; mentally adroit and skillful.
Example
A dexterous programmer can write complex codes effortlessly.
Un programmeur habile peut écrire des codes complexes sans effort.
C2 adjective /ˈdɪfɪdənt/

diffident

diffident
Meaning
Shy or lacking confidence in one's own abilities.
Example
He was too diffident to ask a question in class.
Il était trop diffident pour poser une question en classe.
A2 noun /ˈdaɪnɪŋ/

dining

dîner
Meaning
the act of eating a meal, especially in a formal setting
Example
We enjoyed fine dining at the new restaurant.
Nous avons apprécié un dîner gastronomique dans le nouveau restaurant.
C2 noun /drɛɡz/

dregs

dregs
Meaning
the remnants of a liquid left in a container, together with any sediment or grounds; the most worthless part of something
Example
He drank the dregs of the coffee before leaving.
Il a bu les dregs du café avant de partir.
C1 noun /ˈdiːvə/

diva

chanteuse célèbre
Meaning
a famous female singer; a woman who is admired or behaves like a star
Example
The pop diva performed her latest hit to a cheering crowd.
La diva de la pop a interprété son dernier tube devant une foule en délire.
B2 noun /ˈdæf.ə.dɪl/

Daffodil

jonquille
Meaning
A bright yellow spring flower with a trumpet-shaped center, symbolizing rebirth and new beginnings
Example
The daffodils bloomed early this spring in the meadow.
Les jonquilles ont fleuri tôt ce printemps dans la prairie.
C1 noun /ˈdɛspɒt/

despot

despote
Meaning
a ruler with absolute power, often ruling in a cruel or oppressive way
Example
The despot ruled the nation with fear and violence.
Le despote a dirigé la nation avec la peur et la violence.
B2 noun /ˈdɪɡ.nə.ti/

Dignity

dignité, honneur, respect de soi
Meaning
the state of being worthy of honor or respect; composure and self-respect
Example
Despite facing hardships, she maintained her dignity throughout the ordeal.
Malgré les difficultés, elle a maintenu sa dignité tout au long de l'épreuve.
C2 noun /ˌdɪsæprəˈbeɪʃən/

disapprobation

désapprobation
Meaning
strong disapproval, typically on moral grounds
Example
The policy was met with widespread disapprobation.
La politique a été accueillie par une désapprobation généralisée.
B2 verb /daɪ/

dye

teindre
Meaning
to change the color of something using a chemical substance
Example
She will dye her hair blonde tomorrow.
Elle teindra ses cheveux en blonde demain.
C2 verb /djuːp/

dupe

tromper
Meaning
To deceive or trick someone into believing or doing something.
Example
He was duped into buying a fake watch.
Il a été dupé en achetant une montre contrefaite.
B2 noun /dwɔːrf/

dwarf

nain
Meaning
a person, animal, or plant much smaller than average
Example
Snow White lived with seven dwarfs.
Blanche-Neige vivait avec sept nains.
C1 noun /ˈdaʊn.pɔːr/

Downpour

pluie battante; averse soudaine
Meaning
a heavy fall of rain; a sudden heavy rainfall
Example
The sudden downpour caught everyone off guard and soaked the outdoor event.
La pluie battante soudaine a pris tout le monde au dépourvu et a trempé l'événement extérieur.
A2 noun /ˈdrɑː.mə/

drama

drame
Meaning
a play for theater, radio, or television, or an exciting or emotional situation
Example
She loves watching historical drama series.
Elle adore regarder des séries dramatiques historiques.
C2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈreɪndʒ/

disarrange

désorganiser
Meaning
to disturb the order or arrangement of something
Example
The wind disarranged her hair.
Le vent a désordonné ses cheveux.
B2 noun /dɒk/

dock

quai
Meaning
a structure where ships are loaded, unloaded, or repaired
Example
The ship stayed at the dock for two days.
Le navire est resté au quai pendant deux jours.
C1 noun ˌdiː.sen.trə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

decentralization

décentralisation
Meaning
The transfer of authority from central to local government.
Example
Decentralization promotes regional autonomy.
La décentralisation favorise l'autonomie régionale.
B2 adjective /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

deserted

déserté
Meaning
Empty of people; abandoned.
Example
The village looked completely deserted after the storm.
Le village semblait complètement déserté après la tempête.
C1 verb dɪˈsaɪ.fɚ

decipher

déchiffrer, traduire, interpréter
Meaning
To convert something written in code into normal language; to succeed in understanding the meaning of something.
Example
It took hours to decipher the ancient script.
Il a fallu des heures pour déchiffrer l'écriture ancienne.
C2 noun /ˈdrɪvəl/

drivel

bêtise
Meaning
silly or nonsensical talk
Example
The politician’s speech was full of meaningless drivel.
Le discours du politicien était plein de bêtises inutiles.
B2 noun /ˈdeb.riː/

debris

débris
Meaning
Scattered pieces of waste or remains.
Example
Debris in the eyes causes irritation.
Les débris dans les yeux causent des irritations.
C1 noun /dɪˈten.ʃən/

Detention

détention; emprisonnement temporaire
Meaning
the action of detaining someone or being detained in official custody
Example
The student received detention for repeatedly disrupting the class.
L'étudiant a reçu une détention pour avoir perturbé la classe à plusieurs reprises.
A2 noun /dɪˈzaɪnər/

designer

designer
Meaning
a person who plans and creates the form or structure of something
Example
The fashion designer presented her new collection.
Le designer de mode a présenté sa nouvelle collection.
C2 noun /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪk/

dialectic

dialectique
Meaning
A method of argument or reasoning by dialogue, especially as a means of investigating truth.
Example
The philosopher used dialectic to challenge his students' assumptions.
Le philosophe a utilisé la dialectique pour remettre en question les hypothèses de ses étudiants.
C2 noun /dɪˈmʌrɪdʒ/

demurrage

démurrage
Meaning
a charge payable to the owner of a ship or vehicle for not loading or unloading on time
Example
The company had to pay demurrage for delaying the unloading of goods.
L'entreprise a dû payer des frais de démurrage pour avoir retardé le déchargement des marchandises.
C1 verb /ˈdæmpən/

dampen

humecter, atténuer
Meaning
to make something slightly wet; to make something less strong, active, or intense
Example
The rain dampened the excitement of the outdoor concert.
La pluie dampenée l'excitation du concert en plein air.
C2 noun /djuːˈplɪsɪti/

duplicity

duplicité
Meaning
Deceitfulness or double-dealing; dishonesty.
Example
Her duplicity was revealed during the investigation.
Sa duplicité a été révélée lors de l'enquête.
C2 adjective /ˌdɒktrɪˈnɛər/

doctrinaire

doctrinaire
Meaning
stubbornly devoted to a theory or doctrine without regard to practical considerations
Example
His doctrinaire approach to politics alienated many supporters.
Son approche doctrinaire de la politique a aliéné de nombreux partisans.
B1 noun /ˌdiː.enˈeɪ/

dna

Acide désoxyribonucléique
Meaning
Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.
Example
Scientists extracted DNA from the ancient bones.
Les scientifiques ont extrait l'ADN des os anciens.
B2 noun /dɪsˈkloʊʒər/

disclosure

divulgation
Meaning
the action of making something known or public
Example
The disclosure of the company's financial status was delayed.
La divulgation de l'état financier de l'entreprise a été retardée.
A1 verb /drɪŋk/

drink

boire
Meaning
to take liquid into the mouth and swallow it
Example
I drink water every morning.
Je bois de l'eau tous les matins.
B2 verb /ˌdɪsəˈpruːv/

disapprove

désapprouver
Meaning
to have a negative opinion about something; to consider something wrong or bad
Example
Many parents disapprove of smoking.
Beaucoup de parents désapprouvent de fumer.
B2 noun /dæm/

Dam

barrage; réservoir;
Meaning
a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level; a female parent of an animal
Example
The massive dam provides electricity and controls flooding in the region.
Le grand barrage fournit de l'électricité et contrôle les inondations dans la région.
C1 verb /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/

dislodge

déloger
Meaning
To remove or force out from a position, especially one that is fixed or hard to move.
Example
The troops dislodged the enemy from the hill.
Les troupes ont délogé l'ennemi de la colline.
B2 adjective /dɪˈziːzd/

Diseased

malade; atteint par une maladie
Meaning
affected by disease; suffering from illness; sick
Example
The diseased tree had to be removed from the garden.
L'arbre malade a dû être retiré du jardin.
C1 noun /daɪˈvɜː.ʃən/

Diversion

détournement
Meaning
the action of turning something aside from its course; an activity that diverts the mind
Example
The road closure forced a diversion through the countryside for all travelers.
La fermeture de la route a forcé un détour à travers la campagne pour tous les voyageurs.
B2 noun /ˈdɛpjʊti/

deputy

substitut
Meaning
A person appointed as a substitute with power to act.
Example
The deputy will lead the meeting in the manager’s absence.
Le substitut dirigera la réunion en l'absence du manager.
C2 noun /ˌdɛkləˈmeɪʃən/

declamation

déclamation
Meaning
a formal speech delivered with rhetorical or dramatic effect
Example
Her declamation captivated the audience at the competition.
Sa déclamation a captivé le public lors de la compétition.
B2 verb /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

diminish

diminuer
Meaning
to make or become less; to reduce in size, importance, or value
Example
Over time, his influence in the company began to diminish.
Avec le temps, son influence dans l'entreprise a commencé à diminuer.
A1 noun /ˈdɒktər/

doctor

médecin
Meaning
A qualified medical professional who treats illnesses and injuries.
Example
The doctor prescribed medicine for the patient.
Le médecin a prescrit des médicaments pour le patient.
C1 noun /dɪˈrɪʒən/

derision

mépris
Meaning
Contemptuous ridicule or mockery.
Example
His ideas were greeted with derision by the audience.
Ses idées ont été accueillies avec mépris par le public.
C1 verb /dɪˈtrækt/

detract

diminuer
Meaning
To reduce or take away the worth or value of something.
Example
His rude behavior will detract from his good reputation.
Son comportement impoli diminuera la valeur de sa bonne réputation.