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C1 noun /dɪˈkriː/

Decree

décret
Meaning
an official order issued by a legal authority; a judicial decision or edict
Example
The king issued a decree that all citizens must pay additional taxes.
Le roi a émis un décret stipulant que tous les citoyens doivent payer des taxes supplémentaires.
C1 noun /ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriəns/

inexperience

inexpérience
Meaning
Lack of knowledge or skill in a particular activity or field.
Example
His inexperience in handling negotiations was evident.
Son inexpérience dans la gestion des négociations était évidente.
C1 noun /ˈwɒrənt/

Warrant

mandat
Meaning
a legal document that gives police the authority to do something; justification or authority for an action
Example
The police obtained a search warrant before entering the building.
La police a obtenu un mandat de perquisition avant d'entrer dans le bâtiment.
C1 noun ˌes.kəˈleɪ.ʃən

escalation

augmentation rapide; une montée.
Meaning
A rapid increase; a rise.
Example
The escalation of production costs impacts profitability.
L'escalade des coûts de production impacte la rentabilité.
C1 noun /ˈʃæpəroʊn/

chaperon

accompagnateur
Meaning
An older person who accompanies and supervises young people in social situations.
Example
The teacher acted as a chaperon during the school dance.
L'enseignant a agi en tant qu'accompagnateur pendant le bal scolaire.
C1 noun /ˈpɪl.fər.ɪdʒ/

Pilferage

vol mineur
Meaning
the theft of small amounts or items, especially from one's workplace
Example
The company installed cameras to prevent pilferage.
L'entreprise a installé des caméras pour prévenir le vol.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrsənəbl/

personable

charmant
Meaning
having a pleasant appearance and manner; attractive and friendly
Example
The new teacher is very personable and easy to talk to.
Le nouveau professeur est très charmant et facile à aborder.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈplɔːzəbl/

implausible

implausible
Meaning
Not seeming reasonable or probable; unlikely to be true.
Example
The story she told was so implausible that no one believed her.
L'histoire qu'elle a racontée était tellement implausible que personne ne l'a cru.
C1 noun /liːtʃ/

Leech

sangsue
Meaning
an aquatic or terrestrial annelid worm with suckers at both ends; metaphorically, a person who extorts profit from others
Example
The leech attached itself to his leg while swimming.
La sangsue s'est accrochée à sa jambe en nageant.
C1 adjective /bəˈlɪdʒ.ər.ənt/

belligerent

belliqueux ou agressif
Meaning
Hostile and aggressive, ready to fight or argue.
Example
His belligerent attitude often leads to conflicts.
Son attitude belliqueuse mène souvent à des conflits.
C1 verb /tʃaɪd/

chide

gronder
Meaning
to scold or rebuke; to express disapproval
Example
The teacher chided the student for being late.
Le professeur gronda l'élève pour son retard.
C1 adjective /ˈsʌn.dri/

sundry

divers
Meaning
Various or miscellaneous.
Example
The shop sells fruits, clothes, and sundry items.
Le magasin vend des fruits, des vêtements et divers articles.
C1 noun /ˈpɔːsɪti/

paucity

pauvreté / manque
Meaning
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities
Example
The project was delayed due to a paucity of funds.
Le projet a été retardé en raison du manque de fonds.
C1 noun /oʊˈbɪt.ʃu.er.i/

Obituary

nécrologie
Meaning
a notice of someone's death published in a newspaper; biographical account of deceased person
Example
The newspaper published his obituary yesterday.
Le journal a publié son nécrologie hier.
C1 adjective kənˈten.ʃəs

contentious

controversé
Meaning
Causing or likely to cause an argument; controversial.
Example
The contentious issue divided global leaders.
La question controversée a divisé les dirigeants mondiaux.
C1 noun /ˈænərki/

anarchy

anarchie
Meaning
a state of disorder due to the absence or failure of government or authority
Example
The collapse of the regime led to anarchy in the streets.
L'effondrement du régime a conduit à l'anarchie dans les rues.
C1 verb /prəˈkræs.tɪ.neɪt/

procrastinate

procrastiner, remettre à plus tard, retarder
Meaning
To delay or postpone action; to put off doing something, especially out of habitual carelessness or laziness.
Example
He tends to procrastinate when facing difficult tasks.
Il a tendance à procrastiner lorsqu'il fait face à des tâches difficiles.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.zəl/

causal

causal
Meaning
relating to or acting as a cause
Example
There is a causal link between smoking and cancer.
Il existe un lien causal entre le tabagisme et le cancer.
C1 noun /ˌdʒerənˈtɑːlədʒi/

gerontology

gérontologie
Meaning
The scientific study of old age and the process of aging.
Example
She chose to specialize in gerontology after completing medical school.
Elle a choisi de se spécialiser en gérontologie après avoir terminé ses études de médecine.
C1 noun, adjective /ˌnɒn ˈrɛzɪdənt/

non-resident

non-résident
Meaning
a person who does not live in a particular country or place permanently
Example
Non-resident students often pay higher tuition fees.
Les étudiants non-résidents paient souvent des frais de scolarité plus élevés.
C1 adjective /trænˈsen.dənt/

transcendent

au-delà de l'expérience humaine normale ou simplement physique
Meaning
Beyond or above the range of normal or merely physical human experience.
Example
His art has a transcendent quality.
Son art a une qualité transcendante.
C1 adjective ˈeɪlɪəneɪtɪd

alienated

aliéné
Meaning
Feeling isolated or estranged; disconnected from others or society.
Example
Alienated students are more prone to delinquency.
Les étudiants aliénés sont plus enclins à la délinquance.
C1 verb /snʌb/

snub

mépriser
Meaning
to insult or ignore someone by treating them rudely
Example
He felt hurt when his invitation was snubbed.
Il s'est senti blessé lorsque son invitation a été méprisée.
C1 adverb /ˌkɒnfɪˈdenʃəli/

Confidentially

confidentiellement
Meaning
in a confidential manner; secretly; privately
Example
The information was shared confidentially between the two managers.
L'information a été partagée confidentiellement entre les deux gestionnaires.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkwɪzɪtɪv/

inquisitive

inquisitif
Meaning
Curious or eager to learn and ask questions.
Example
The inquisitive child asked endless questions about the stars.
L'enfant inquisitif a posé d'innombrables questions sur les étoiles.
C1 adjective /prəˈfjuːs/

profuse

profus
Meaning
existing or given in large amounts; abundant
Example
He offered profuse thanks for their timely help.
Il a offert de profonds remerciements pour leur aide opportune.
C1 verb /ˈpeɪtrənaɪz/

patronize

traiter avec condescendance
Meaning
to treat someone in a condescending way; to be a regular customer of a business
Example
Don't patronize me with your fake sympathy.
Ne me traite pas avec ta fausse sympathie.
C1 adjective /ˈspeɪʃəl/

spatial

spatial
Meaning
relating to space or the position, area, and size of things
Example
The scientist studied the spatial arrangement of stars.
Le scientifique a étudié l'agencement spatial des étoiles.
C1 verb /ˈɔːstrəˌsaɪz/

ostracize

ostraciser
Meaning
to exclude someone from a group or society; to banish or shun
Example
After the scandal, he was ostracized by his former colleagues.
Après le scandale, il a été ostracisé par ses anciens collègues.
C1 noun /fɪˈlæn.θrə.pɪst/

philanthropist

philanthrope
Meaning
a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by donating money to good causes
Example
The philanthropist donated millions to build schools in rural areas.
Le philanthrope a fait don de millions pour construire des écoles dans les zones rurales.
C1 verb /daɪˈvɛst/

divest

désinvestir
Meaning
to strip away possessions, rights, or assets; to rid oneself of
Example
The company decided to divest its unprofitable division.
L'entreprise a décidé de se désinvestir de sa division non rentable.
C1 adjective /ˈneɡ.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

Negligible

négligeable
Meaning
so small or unimportant as to be not worth considering; insignificant
Example
The side effects of this medicine are negligible.
Les effets secondaires de ce médicament sont négligeables.
C1 noun /heɪz/

Haze

brouillard
Meaning
a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles; confusion
Example
The morning haze lifted gradually as the sun rose higher in the sky.
Le brouillard matinal s'est levé progressivement à mesure que le soleil montait plus haut dans le ciel.
C1 noun/verb /ˈdiːkɔɪ/

decoy

appât
Meaning
something or someone used to lure or mislead
Example
The hunters used a wooden duck as a decoy.
Les chasseurs ont utilisé un canard en bois comme appât.
C1 adverb /pɜːr ˈseɪ/

per se

en soi
Meaning
By or in itself; intrinsically.
Example
The idea is not bad per se, but it needs improvement.
L'idée n'est pas mauvaise en soi, mais elle a besoin d'amélioration.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.kʌl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

discoloration

décoloration
Meaning
The process of changing or losing color; fading.
Example
Sun exposure causes discoloration of fabrics.
L'exposition au soleil provoque la décoloration des tissus.
C1 noun /trænsˈfɜːrər/

transferrer

transfert
Meaning
A person who transfers something, such as property, rights, or responsibilities, to another.
Example
The transferrer is responsible for ensuring the property is legally passed on.
Le transferrer est responsable de s'assurer que la propriété est transférée légalement.
C1 adjective /ˌɛk.spəˈnɛn.ʃəl/

exponential

croissance rapide ou expansion à un taux croissant
Meaning
Rapid growth or expansion at an increasing rate
Example
Technology is advancing at an exponential rate.
La technologie progresse à un rythme exponentiel.
C1 noun /ˈkɒrənər/

coroner

médecin légiste
Meaning
an official who investigates sudden, violent, or suspicious deaths
Example
The coroner determined the cause of death was natural.
Le médecin légiste a déterminé que la cause de la mort était naturelle.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsɪd.ju.əs/

deciduous

décidu
Meaning
Referring to trees that shed their leaves seasonally, typically in autumn.
Example
Oak and maple trees are deciduous, shedding leaves in autumn.
Les chênes et les érables sont des arbres décidues, perdant leurs feuilles en automne.
C1 adjective /ˈstʌm.pi/

Stumpy

court et épais
Meaning
short and thick; having a short, thick appearance
Example
The stumpy little dog wagged its tail enthusiastically.
Le petit chien court et épais a agité sa queue avec enthousiasme.
C1 noun /ɛnˈdɔːr.fɪnz/

endorphins

endorphine
Meaning
Chemical compounds produced by the brain that reduce pain and create feelings of happiness.
Example
Exercise releases endorphins, reducing stress and pain.
L'exercice libère des endorphines, réduisant le stress et la douleur.
C1 adjective + noun ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ ˈmɪʃən

pioneering mission

mission pionnière
Meaning
A groundbreaking or innovative undertaking that leads the way in a particular field.
Example
Artemis is a pioneering mission in space exploration.
Artemis est une mission pionnière dans l'exploration spatiale.
C1 noun /kəˈmɪtl̩/

committal

envoi en prison / détention
Meaning
The action of sending a person to prison or a mental hospital; also the act of committing something to a particular place.
Example
The judge ordered the committal of the accused to custody.
Le juge a ordonné l'envoi de l'accusé en détention.
C1 noun /ˈnɑv.ɪs/

Novice

novice
Meaning
a person new to or inexperienced in a field or situation; a beginner
Example
As a novice driver, she was very careful on the road.
En tant que conducteur novice, elle était très prudente sur la route.
C1 adjective /ˈbækˌhændɪd/

backhanded

indirect ou sarcastique
Meaning
Indirect or sarcastic, often appearing as praise but actually insulting.
Example
She gave him a backhanded compliment about his work.
Elle lui a fait un compliment indirect sur son travail.
C1 adjective /ˈɛntərˌpraɪzɪŋ/

enterprising

entreprenant
Meaning
showing initiative and resourcefulness; willing to take risks to achieve success
Example
She is an enterprising young entrepreneur.
Elle est une jeune entrepreneuse entreprenante.
C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

compactement
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
Les protons et les neutrons sont disposés de manière compacte.
C1 adjective ˌhaɪ.pəˈθet.ɪ.kəl

hypothetical

hypothétique, supposé, théorique
Meaning
Based on or serving as a hypothesis; supposed but not necessarily real or true.
Example
The discussion was based on hypothetical scenarios.
La discussion était basée sur des scénarios hypothétiques.
C1 noun /ˈɡræv.ɪ.tæs/

gravitas

gravité
Meaning
Dignity, seriousness, or solemnity of manner or speech.
Example
The judge spoke with great gravitas.
Le juge a parlé avec une grande gravité.
C1 adjective /ˌjuːtɪlɪˈtɛəriən/

utilitarian

utilitaire
Meaning
Designed to be useful or practical rather than attractive; relating to the doctrine that actions are right if they are useful or for the benefit of a majority.
Example
The building had a simple utilitarian design.
Le bâtiment avait une conception utilitaire simple.
C1 verb /riːl/

reel

trébucher / enrouler
Meaning
to lose balance and stagger; to wind or spin something onto a reel
Example
He reeled backward after being punched.
Il a trébuché en arrière après avoir été frappé.
C1 noun /ˌriː.əˈdʒʌst.mənt/

readjustment

réajustement
Meaning
The act of changing or correcting something again to make it suitable or balanced.
Example
After moving to a new city, he went through a period of readjustment.
Après avoir déménagé dans une nouvelle ville, il a traversé une période de réajustement.
C1 adjective /kɜːrt/

curt

bref
Meaning
Rudely brief in speech or manner.
Example
His curt reply made everyone uncomfortable.
Sa réponse brève rendit tout le monde mal à l'aise.
C1 noun/verb /brʊk/

brook

ruisseau / tolérer
Meaning
As a noun: a small natural stream; As a verb: to tolerate or endure something
Example
The village was built near a clear brook.
Le village a été construit près d'un ruisseau clair.
C1 noun /jɛn/

yen

désir
Meaning
A deep, strong desire or craving.
Example
She felt a strong yen to travel the world.
Elle ressentit un fort désir de voyager dans le monde.
C1 verb, noun /sæp/

sap

sève / épuiser
Meaning
As a noun: the vital fluid in plants; As a verb: to gradually weaken or drain strength.
Example
The long journey began to sap his energy.
Le long voyage a commencé à épuiser son énergie.
C1 adjective /ˈɡæst.li/

ghastly

épouvantable
Meaning
Causing great horror or fear; very unpleasant.
Example
The crime scene was a ghastly sight.
La scène de crime était épouvantable.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkrəʊtʃmənt/

encroachment

empiètement
Meaning
the act of gradually intruding or taking over someone’s rights, land, or space
Example
The villagers protested against the encroachment on their farmland.
Les villageois ont protesté contre l'empiètement sur leurs terres agricoles.
C1 noun /ˈkʌntrɪmən/

countryman

compatriote
Meaning
a person from one's own country or rural area
Example
He was proud to meet a fellow countryman at the international conference.
Il était fier de rencontrer un compatriote à la conférence internationale.
C1 noun /stɛntʃ/

stench

puanteur
Meaning
A very strong and unpleasant smell.
Example
The stench of garbage filled the alley.
La puanteur des ordures remplit la ruelle.
C1 noun /ˈɑːdəsi/

odyssey

long voyage
Meaning
a long, adventurous journey; a series of experiences
Example
Her career has been an odyssey of challenges and achievements.
Sa carrière a été une odyssée de défis et de réussites.
C1 adjective /ˈræɡ.ɪd/

Ragged

déchiré; usé; en haillons
Meaning
torn; tattered; frayed; shabby
Example
The homeless man wore ragged clothes.
L'homme sans abri portait des vêtements déchirés.
C1 adjective /ˈljʊərɪd/

lurid

choquant et sensationnel de manière vive
Meaning
shocking or sensational in a vivid way, often involving crime or violence
Example
The newspaper published a lurid account of the crime.
Le journal a publié un récit choquant du crime.
C1 noun /næk/

knack

aptitude
Meaning
a natural skill or ability; a special talent for doing something easily
Example
She has a knack for making people feel comfortable.
Elle a une aptitude à rendre les gens à l'aise.
C1 verb /ˈɛm.jʊˌleɪt/

emulate

imiter
Meaning
to imitate someone or something with the intent to equal or surpass
Example
Young athletes often emulate their idols.
Les jeunes athlètes imitent souvent leurs idoles.
C1 verb /dɪˈpoʊz/

depose

déposer
Meaning
to remove someone from office or power, especially suddenly and forcefully
Example
The rebels managed to depose the dictator after years of unrest.
Les rebelles ont réussi à déposer le dictateur après des années de troubles.
C1 adjective /suːˈpɜːrlətɪv/

superlative

superlatif
Meaning
Of the highest quality or degree; expressing the extreme form of an adjective or adverb.
Example
Her performance was superlative, earning her a standing ovation.
Sa performance était superlative, lui valant une ovation debout.
C1 adjective /dɪˈvaʊt/

devout

dévoué
Meaning
Deeply religious or sincere.
Example
He is a devout believer who prays every day.
Il est un croyant dévoué qui prie chaque jour.
C1 verb /bɪˈɡɛt/

beget

engendrer / produire
Meaning
to bring about or give rise to; to father or produce
Example
Violence begets more violence.
La violence engendre plus de violence.
C1 adjective /ˈtrænzvɜːrs/

transverse

transversal
Meaning
situated or lying across something
Example
The transverse road connects two highways.
La route transversale relie deux autoroutes.
C1 verb /ˈæbdɪkeɪt/

abdicate

abdiquer
Meaning
To give up a position of power or responsibility, especially a throne.
Example
The king decided to abdicate the throne.
Le roi a décidé d'abdiquer du trône.
C1 adjective /ˈwɪr.i.səm/

Wearisome

épuisant; ennuyeux et fatiguant
Meaning
causing tiredness; tedious; boring and exhausting
Example
The wearisome journey took twelve hours to complete.
Le voyage épuisant a duré douze heures.
C1 noun /ˈpæntəmaɪm/

pantomime

pantomime
Meaning
A type of theatrical performance using gestures and movements without spoken words; in Britain, a musical comedy play for families performed at Christmas.
Example
The children enjoyed the Christmas pantomime at the local theater.
Les enfants ont apprécié la pantomime de Noël au théâtre local.
C1 noun /ɪnˈsɜːrdʒənt/

insurgent

insurgé
Meaning
A person who rises in revolt against authority or government.
Example
The army arrested several insurgents after the attack.
L'armée a arrêté plusieurs insurgés après l'attaque.
C1 noun /siˈɛrə klʌb/

Sierra Club

Sierra Club
Meaning
An American environmental organization founded in 1892 by John Muir, focused on promoting conservation of the natural environment by influencing public policy decisions.
Example
John Muir founded the Sierra Club in 1892 to protect wild areas.
John Muir a fondé le Sierra Club en 1892 pour protéger les zones sauvages.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsɜːrkəl/

encircle

entourer
Meaning
to form a circle around something
Example
The protesters encircled the building in a human chain.
Les manifestants ont entouré le bâtiment dans une chaîne humaine.
C1 noun /rəˈviːn/

ravine

ravin
Meaning
A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
Example
The river carved a deep ravine through the mountains.
La rivière a creusé un ravin profond à travers les montagnes.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈɡʊrmeɪ/

gourmet

gourmet
Meaning
A person who appreciates fine food and drink; also refers to high-quality food.
Example
They went to a gourmet restaurant to celebrate their anniversary.
Ils sont allés dans un restaurant gourmet pour célébrer leur anniversaire.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtʌtʃ.ʌp/

touch-up

correction ou petite amélioration
Meaning
Small corrections or improvements made to something.
Example
The artist gave a quick touch-up to the painting.
L'artiste a fait une retouche rapide de la peinture.
C1 noun /ˈaɪ.wɪt.nəs/

Eyewitness

témoin oculaire
Meaning
a person who has seen something happen and can give evidence about it
Example
The police interviewed several eyewitnesses to the accident.
La police a interrogé plusieurs témoins oculaires de l'accident.
C1 verb /ˈbɒɡəl/

boggle

sidérer
Meaning
to overwhelm or confuse; to be astonished or puzzled by something
Example
The complexity of the puzzle boggled his mind.
La complexité du puzzle a sidéré son esprit.
C1 verb /diːˈhaɪdreɪt/

dehydrate

déshydrater
Meaning
to remove water from something; to lose water or body fluids
Example
Running in the heat can quickly dehydrate you.
Courir sous la chaleur peut rapidement vous déshydrater.
C1 adjective /kənˈsɛntrɪk/

concentric

concentrique
Meaning
having a common center, as in circles or spheres
Example
The artist drew concentric circles on the canvas.
L'artiste a dessiné des cercles concentriques sur la toile.
C1 verb /rɪˈvoʊk/

revoke

révoquer
Meaning
To officially cancel or withdraw a decision, privilege, or right.
Example
The government decided to revoke his passport.
Le gouvernement a décidé de révoquer son passeport.
C1 noun /moʊˈtiːf/

motif

motif
Meaning
A recurring theme, subject, or idea in a work of art or literature.
Example
The motif of love is central to the novel.
Le motif de l'amour est central dans le roman.
C1 adjective /dɪˈʃɛvəld/

disheveled

désordonné
Meaning
Untidy, messy, or in disorder, especially of hair or clothing.
Example
He arrived with disheveled hair and wrinkled clothes.
Il est arrivé avec des cheveux désordonnés et des vêtements froissés.
C1 adjective /əbˈzɜːrvənt/

Observant

observateur
Meaning
quick to notice things; watchful; attentive
Example
The observant detective noticed every small detail at the crime scene.
Le détective observateur a remarqué chaque petit détail sur la scène du crime.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɒt.ər/

Jotter

cahier
Meaning
a small notebook for writing quick notes or reminders
Example
The student carried a jotter to write down important points during lectures.
L'étudiant a emporté un cahier pour noter des points importants pendant les cours.
C1 verb /səbˈsaɪd/

subside

diminuer
Meaning
to become less intense, violent, or severe; to sink or fall to a lower level
Example
After the storm, the floodwaters began to subside.
Après la tempête, les eaux de l'inondation ont commencé à diminuer.
C1 adjective /ˌwɛl tə ˈduː/

well-to-do

richissime
Meaning
Prosperous, wealthy, or financially comfortable.
Example
They belong to a well-to-do family in the city.
Ils font partie d'une famille riche dans la ville.
C1 noun/verb /ˈhɛmərɪdʒ/

hemorrhage

hémorragie
Meaning
A significant loss of blood from a ruptured blood vessel, or to lose blood heavily.
Example
The patient suffered a severe brain hemorrhage.
Le patient a souffert d'une grave hémorragie cérébrale.
C1 noun /ˈdɑː.mə.saɪl/

domicile

domicile
Meaning
A person's legal residence or permanent home.
Example
He declared Canada as his legal domicile.
Il a déclaré le Canada comme son domicile légal.
C1 noun /ɪkˈspɛktənsi/

expectancy

attente
Meaning
the state of expecting something; anticipation or likelihood
Example
There was a sense of expectancy in the room before the results were announced.
Il y avait un sentiment d'attente dans la pièce avant que les résultats ne soient annoncés.
C1 adjective /ˈdjuːbiəs/

dubious

douteux
Meaning
Hesitating or doubting; not to be relied upon.
Example
She gave him a dubious look after hearing his excuse.
Elle lui a lancé un regard douteux après avoir entendu son excuse.
C1 noun /ˈsɛtərə/

cetera

etc.
Meaning
Latin for 'the rest' or 'others'; commonly used in the phrase 'et cetera' meaning 'and so on'.
Example
We need to buy pens, paper, notebooks, et cetera.
Nous devons acheter des stylos, du papier, des carnets, etc.
C1 adjective /pərˈsɛptɪv/

perceptive

bonheur
Meaning
Having or showing keen insight, understanding, or awareness.
Example
She is very perceptive and quickly notices when something is wrong.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːkənt/

piquant

piquant
Meaning
having a pleasantly sharp or spicy taste; interestingly provocative
Example
The chef added a piquant sauce to the dish to enhance its flavor.
Le chef a ajouté une sauce piquante au plat pour rehausser sa saveur.
C1 adjective /ˈɡrʌdʒɪŋ/

grudging

réticent
Meaning
Reluctant or unwilling; given or allowed only with hesitation.
Example
She gave him a grudging smile after the argument.
Elle lui donna un sourire réticent après la dispute.
C1 verb /sɪˈkriːt/

secrete

sécréter
Meaning
to produce and release a substance from a cell, gland, or organ
Example
The pancreas secretes insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.
Le pancréas sécrète de l'insuline pour réguler le taux de sucre dans le sang.
C1 noun স্ক্রোলিং অ্যাডিকশন

scrolling addiction

dépendance au défilement
Meaning
A compulsive need to continuously scroll through content on digital devices, particularly smartphones and social media platforms.
Example
Scrolling addiction is a growing concern among smartphone users.
La dépendance au défilement est une préoccupation croissante parmi les utilisateurs de smartphones.
C1 adjective /pɪˈkjuːniˌɛri/

pecuniary

pécuniaire
Meaning
relating to money or financial matters
Example
They faced pecuniary difficulties after the business failed.
Ils ont rencontré des difficultés pécuniaires après l'échec de l'entreprise.
C1 adjective /ˈlʌʃəs/

luscious

délicieux
Meaning
deliciously sweet or rich; highly appealing to the senses
Example
She served a luscious chocolate cake.
Elle a servi un délicieux gâteau au chocolat.
C1 noun /kwæk/

Quack

charlatan
Meaning
a person who pretends to be a doctor but has no medical training; the sound a duck makes
Example
People should be careful not to trust medical advice from a quack.
Les gens devraient faire attention à ne pas faire confiance aux conseils médicaux d'un charlatan.
C1 noun /prɪˈtɛnʃən/

pretension

prétention, fausse apparence
Meaning
A claim or assertion to something, often without justification; an attempt to impress by showing greater importance or talent than is actually possessed.
Example
His pretension to be an expert was quickly exposed.
Sa prétention à être un expert a été rapidement exposée.
C1 verb /flɑp/

flop

échec
Meaning
to fall or move heavily and clumsily; to fail completely
Example
The new movie flopped at the box office.
Le nouveau film a échoué au box-office.
C1 verb /ˌriːˈkæl.ɪ.breɪt/

recalibrate

recalibrer, ajuster de nouveau
Meaning
To calibrate again or differently; to adjust or correct something based on new information or changed circumstances.
Example
The company had to recalibrate its strategies to adapt to the market.
L'entreprise a dû recalibrer ses stratégies pour s'adapter au marché.
C1 adjective /pɒˈstɪəriər/

posterior

postérieur
Meaning
Situated at or toward the back; later in time.
Example
The posterior part of the brain controls vision.
La partie postérieure du cerveau contrôle la vision.
C1 adjective /ˈtækt.fəl/

Tactful

diplomate; habile;
Meaning
showing skill and sensitivity in dealing with others or difficult situations
Example
He gave a tactful response to avoid hurting her feelings.
Il a donné une réponse diplomate pour éviter de blesser ses sentiments.
C1 noun /ˈleɪ.tən.si/

latency

latence
Meaning
The delay in processing signals or data.
Example
High latency in online gaming can cause lagging issues.
Une latence élevée dans les jeux en ligne peut causer des problèmes de décalage.
C1 noun sælˈveɪʃən

salvation

salut
Meaning
Deliverance from sin and its consequences, believed by Christians to be brought about by faith in Christ.
Example
The story revolves around the theme of salvation.
L'histoire tourne autour du thème du salut.
C1 adjective /əˈkʌlt/

occult

occultes
Meaning
Relating to mysterious, supernatural, or magical powers and practices.
Example
She had always been fascinated by the occult and its hidden knowledge.
Elle a toujours été fascinée par l'occulte et sa connaissance cachée.
C1 verb /ˌsuːpərˈsiːd/

supersede

remplacer
Meaning
To replace or take the place of something because it is more modern or effective.
Example
This new law will supersede the old regulations.
Cette nouvelle loi va remplacer les anciennes réglementations.
C1 verb /ˈbædʒər/

badger

importuner, harceler
Meaning
To repeatedly ask or annoy someone with demands or questions.
Example
The reporter kept badgering the politician with questions.
Le journaliste a continué à importuner le politicien avec des questions.
C1 verb ɪˈræd.ɪ.keɪt

eradicate

éradiquer
Meaning
To destroy completely; to put an end to something undesirable.
Example
Vaccination programs help eradicate infectious diseases.
Les programmes de vaccination aident à éradiquer les maladies infectieuses.
C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

ressusciter
Meaning
To bring back to life or revive something from the past.
Example
The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.
Le réalisateur a décidé de ressusciter l'ancienne pièce pour un nouveau public.
C1 noun /dɪˈfjuːʒən/

diffusion

diffusion
Meaning
the spreading of something more widely or the movement of particles from high to low concentration
Example
The diffusion of information on social media is rapid.
La diffusion de l'information sur les réseaux sociaux est rapide.
C1 noun /ˈweɪs(t).koʊt/

waistcoat

gilet
Meaning
a sleeveless garment worn over a shirt and under a jacket
Example
He wore a black waistcoat with his suit.
Il portait un gilet noir avec son costume.
C1 noun /ˈtʃæplɪn/

chaplain

aumônier
Meaning
A member of the clergy attached to a private chapel, institution, hospital, or military unit.
Example
The army chaplain offered prayers before the battle.
L'aumônier de l'armée a offert des prières avant la bataille.
C1 noun /ˈkæpɪˌlɛri/

capillary

capillaire
Meaning
a very thin blood vessel that connects arteries and veins
Example
Oxygen passes from the blood into tissues through capillaries.
L'oxygène passe du sang dans les tissus par les capillaires.
C1 noun /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/

synopsis

synopsis
Meaning
a brief summary of the main points of a text, film, or research
Example
The publisher asked the author to submit a one-page synopsis of the novel.
L'éditeur a demandé à l'auteur de soumettre une synopsis d'une page du roman.