declarative
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C1 adjective /dɪˈklærətɪv/

declarative

déclaratif
Meaning
relating to a statement that declares something; in grammar, a sentence that makes a statement
Example
A declarative sentence simply states a fact or opinion.
Une phrase déclarative énonce simplement un fait ou une opinion.
C1 noun /ˈpæʃ.ən ˌflaʊ.ər/

Passion flower

fleur de la passion
Meaning
A climbing plant with intricate, colorful flowers; also refers to royal poinciana tree with red-orange blooms
Example
The passion flower vine covered the garden wall with beautiful blooms.
La vigne de la fleur de la passion a couvert le mur du jardin avec de magnifiques fleurs.
C1 adjective /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/

Vindictive

vindicatif
Meaning
having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge
Example
His vindictive behavior towards his former colleagues was unprofessional.
Son comportement vindicatif envers ses anciens collègues était peu professionnel.
C1 noun /ɔːˈtɒmətən/

automaton

machine automatique
Meaning
A machine that works automatically; also refers to a person who behaves like a machine, without thinking.
Example
He worked like an automaton, without showing any emotion.
Il travaillait comme un automate, sans montrer aucune émotion.
C1 noun /ˈkɒl.ə.bəʊn/

Collar-bone

clavicule
Meaning
either of the pair of bones joining the breastbone to the shoulder blades; clavicle
Example
He broke his collar-bone in the accident.
Il a cassé sa clavicule dans l'accident.
C1 noun, verb /raʊt/

rout

défaite
Meaning
A decisive defeat; to defeat completely.
Example
The army routed the enemy forces in the battle.
L'armée a complètement vaincu les forces ennemies dans la bataille.
C1 adjective /rɪˈpen.tənt/

Repentant

repentant; contrit; désolé
Meaning
feeling or expressing sincere regret and remorse; sorry for one's actions
Example
The repentant thief returned the stolen money.
Le voleur repentant a rendu l'argent volé.
C1 adjective /ˈsteɪtli/

stately

majestueux et digne
Meaning
Having a dignified, majestic, and impressive appearance or manner.
Example
The stately mansion stood at the end of the long driveway.
Le manoir majestueux se tenait à l'extrémité de l'allée.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/

instantaneous

instantané
Meaning
Happening immediately, without any delay.
Example
The change in temperature was almost instantaneous.
Le changement de température a été presque instantané.
C1 noun /ˈmoʊɡəl/

mogul

mogul
Meaning
A powerful or influential person, especially in business or media.
Example
He became a tech mogul by founding a billion-dollar company.
Il est devenu un mogul de la technologie en fondant une entreprise d'un milliard de dollars.
C1 adjective /ˈkrɪm.zən/

Crimson

rouge intense
Meaning
a deep purplish-red color
Example
The crimson sunset painted the sky with beautiful shades.
Le coucher du soleil rouge intense a peint le ciel de belles nuances.
C1 adjective /kræs/

crass

grossier, sans sensibilité ou raffinement
Meaning
lacking sensitivity, refinement, or intelligence
Example
His crass remarks offended everyone at the meeting.
Ses remarques grossières ont offensé tout le monde lors de la réunion.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnɪt/

tenet

principe
Meaning
a principle, belief, or doctrine held to be true
Example
Honesty is a central tenet of their philosophy.
L'honnêteté est un principe central de leur philosophie.
C1 verb /əˈdʒɔɪn/

adjoin

joindre
Meaning
To be next to and joined with something.
Example
Their house adjoins the park.
Leur maison est jointe au parc.
C1 noun /rɪˈnaʊn/

Renown

renommée; célébrité
Meaning
the condition of being known or talked about by many people; fame
Example
The scientist achieved international renown for her discoveries.
La scientifique a atteint une renommée internationale pour ses découvertes.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.ləs/

Shameless

impudique
Meaning
having no shame; bold and rude; impudent
Example
The shameless politician refused to apologize for his mistakes.
Le politicien sans honte a refusé de s'excuser pour ses erreurs.
C1 verb /aɪˈdiː.ə.laɪz/

idealize

idéaliser
Meaning
To regard or represent something as perfect or better than it really is.
Example
Children often idealize their parents.
Les enfants idéalisent souvent leurs parents.
C1 noun /ˈæltoʊ/

alto

alto (voix chantée adulte)
Meaning
the second highest adult singing voice, between soprano and tenor
Example
She sang the alto part in the choir beautifully.
Elle chantait la partie alto dans la chorale magnifiquement.
C1 preposition /əˈtɒp/

atop

au sommet
Meaning
on the top of something
Example
A flag was placed atop the tower.
Un drapeau a été placé au sommet de la tour.
C1 verb /ˈkwɪvər/

quiver

trembler
Meaning
To tremble or shake with slight but rapid motion.
Example
Her lips began to quiver as she tried not to cry.
Ses lèvres ont commencé à trembler quand elle a essayé de ne pas pleurer.
C1 noun /kriːd/

creed

crédo, principe
Meaning
A system of religious or spiritual beliefs or a guiding principle.
Example
Freedom of speech is part of his personal creed.
La liberté d'expression fait partie de son crédo personnel.
C1 noun /djuːn/

dune

dune
Meaning
A hill or ridge of sand formed by the wind, usually found in deserts or near beaches.
Example
The children played on the sand dune by the beach.
Les enfants jouaient sur la dune de sable près de la plage.
C1 adjective draʊt rɪˈzɪs.tənt

drought-resistant

résistant à la sécheresse
Meaning
Able to survive and grow despite limited water availability or drought conditions.
Example
Drought-resistant crops can survive in arid conditions.
Les cultures résistantes à la sécheresse peuvent survivre dans des conditions arides.
C1 verb /ˈprɒpəɡeɪt/

propagate

propager
Meaning
To spread or transmit an idea, belief, or information widely; also to reproduce in plants or animals.
Example
Scientists work to propagate the species in captivity.
Les scientifiques travaillent à propager les espèces en captivité.
C1 adjective /dɪˈskrɪmɪˌneɪtɪŋ/

discriminating

discriminant
Meaning
Having refined taste or good judgment; able to recognize subtle differences.
Example
She is known for her discriminating taste in art.
Elle est connue pour son goût discriminant en art.
C1 verb /loʊð/

loathe

détester
Meaning
to feel intense dislike or disgust for
Example
He absolutely loathes being late to meetings.
Il déteste être en retard aux réunions.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːr.tɪ.tjuːd/

fortitude

fortitude
Meaning
Courage in pain or adversity; mental and emotional strength in facing difficulty.
Example
She faced adversity with great fortitude.
Elle a affronté les adversités avec une grande force de caractère.
C1 verb /ɪˈspaʊz/

espouse

adopter
Meaning
To adopt or support a cause, belief, or way of life.
Example
She espoused the philosophy of nonviolence throughout her career.
Elle a adopté la philosophie de la non-violence tout au long de sa carrière.
C1 noun /səˈrɛn.ɪ.ti/

serenity

sérénité
Meaning
The state of being calm, peaceful, and untroubled.
Example
Meditation helps in achieving inner serenity.
La méditation aide à atteindre la sérénité intérieure.
C1 noun /ˈkrɛvɪs/

crevice

fissure
Meaning
a narrow crack or opening, especially in a rock or wall
Example
The lizard hid in a crevice between the stones.
Le lézard s'est caché dans une fissure entre les pierres.
C1 adjective /ɪˈɡriːdʒəs/

egregious

atroce
Meaning
Outstandingly bad; shocking.
Example
The company was fined for its egregious safety violations.
L'entreprise a été condamnée à une amende pour ses violations atroces de la sécurité.
C1 noun /ˈrɒndɪvuː/

rendezvous

rendez-vous
Meaning
a meeting or appointment at an agreed time and place
Example
They arranged a secret rendezvous at the café.
Ils ont organisé un rendez-vous secret au café.
C1 verb /dɪˈspɛl/

dispel

dissiper
Meaning
to make a doubt, feeling, or belief disappear
Example
The teacher's explanation dispelled the students' confusion.
L'explication de l'enseignant a dissipé la confusion des élèves.
C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

faire la moue
Meaning
to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness
Example
The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.
L'enfant a commencé à faire la moue lorsqu'il n'a pas eu le jouet.
C1 adjective /dɪsˈɪntrəstɪd/

disinterested

désintéressé
Meaning
not influenced by personal interest; impartial or neutral
Example
The judge remained disinterested in the case.
Le juge est resté désintéressé dans l'affaire.
C1 noun /ˌprɒpəˈɡeɪʃən/

propagation

propagation, diffusion
Meaning
The action of spreading and promoting an idea, theory, etc.
Example
The propagation of ideas through social media is rapid.
La propagation des idées à travers les réseaux sociaux est rapide.
C1 noun /ˌspɒn.təˈneɪ.ɪ.ti/

spontaneity

spontanéité
Meaning
The quality of being spontaneous; natural and unplanned behavior.
Example
His spontaneity makes him a great conversationalist.
Sa spontanéité fait de lui un excellent conversationnel.
C1 adjective /ˌeɪpəˈlɪtɪkəl/

apolitical

apolitique
Meaning
not interested in or not connected with politics
Example
She prefers to stay apolitical and focus on her work.
Elle préfère rester apolitique et se concentrer sur son travail.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.kiːt/

Parakeet

perruche
Meaning
a small colorful parrot with a long tail, often kept as a pet
Example
The green parakeet learned to say hello.
La perruche verte a appris à dire bonjour.
C1 noun /bəˈrɑːʒ/

barrage

barrage ou attaque rapide
Meaning
a concentrated outpouring of questions, criticisms, or blows; a rapid, continuous attack
Example
The politician faced a barrage of tough questions from reporters.
Le politicien a fait face à un barrage de questions difficiles de la part des journalistes.
C1 noun /dɪˈkriː/

Decree

décret
Meaning
an official order issued by a legal authority; a judicial decision or edict
Example
The king issued a decree that all citizens must pay additional taxes.
Le roi a émis un décret stipulant que tous les citoyens doivent payer des taxes supplémentaires.
C1 adjective /ˈspɛktrəl/

spectral

spectral
Meaning
Relating to a ghost or specter; ghostly. Also relating to a spectrum.
Example
The old mansion had a spectral atmosphere at night.
Le vieux manoir avait une atmosphère spectrale la nuit.
C1 noun /ˈtaɪ.rənt/

Tyrant

tyran
Meaning
a cruel and oppressive ruler; a person who exercises power in a harsh manner
Example
The people rebelled against the cruel tyrant.
Le peuple s'est rebellé contre le tyran cruel.
C1 adjective /ˌkɒnvəˈlɛsnt/

convalescent

en convalescence, en rétablissement après une maladie ou un traitement médical
Meaning
recovering from an illness or medical treatment
Example
The hospital has a special ward for convalescent patients.
L'hôpital dispose d'une salle spéciale pour les patients en convalescence.
C1 noun /prəˈspɛktəs/

prospectus

prospectus
Meaning
a printed document that advertises or describes a school, business, or investment offering
Example
The university sent out a prospectus to attract new students.
L'université a envoyé un prospectus pour attirer de nouveaux étudiants.
C1 adjective /rɪˈvenʒ.fəl/

Revengeful

vindicatif
Meaning
seeking or desiring revenge; vindictive
Example
He became revengeful after being betrayed by his friend.
Il est devenu vindicatif après avoir été trahi par son ami.
C1 noun /krəˈvæs/

crevasse

fissure profonde
Meaning
a deep crack in a glacier or the earth’s surface
Example
The climbers carefully crossed the icy crevasse.
Les alpinistes ont traversé prudemment la fissure glacée.
C1 verb /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/

emancipate

émanciper
Meaning
to set someone free from legal, social, or political restrictions; to liberate from slavery or oppression
Example
The law was designed to emancipate slaves and grant them full citizenship.
La loi a été conçue pour émanciper les esclaves et leur accorder la pleine citoyenneté.
C1 verb /iːk/

eke

étirer
Meaning
to make a small amount of something last longer by using it sparingly
Example
The family tried to eke out their savings during the tough months.
La famille a essayé de faire durer ses économies pendant les mois difficiles.
C1 noun /ˈwiː.vər/

Weaver

tisserand
Meaning
a person who makes cloth by interlacing threads on a loom
Example
The skilled weaver created intricate patterns on the silk fabric.
Le tisserand habile a créé des motifs complexes sur le tissu en soie.
C1 adjective /ˈsiːs.ləs/

Ceaseless

incessant; continu
Meaning
continuing without pause or interruption; endless
Example
The ceaseless rain lasted for three days.
La pluie incessante a duré trois jours.
C1 noun /meər/

Mare

jument
Meaning
an adult female horse
Example
The beautiful mare galloped across the meadow.
La belle jument galopait à travers le pré.
C1 verb /ˈɡɑːbəl/

gobble

engloutir
Meaning
to eat something quickly and greedily
Example
The children gobbled their food in minutes.
Les enfants engloutirent leur nourriture en quelques minutes.
C1 verb /ˈɪmprəvaɪz/

improvise

improviser
Meaning
To create or perform something spontaneously without preparation.
Example
The actor had to improvise his lines when he forgot the script.
L'acteur a dû improviser ses répliques lorsqu'il a oublié le script.
C1 noun /ˈtrɛtʃəri/

treachery

trahison
Meaning
Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or nature.
Example
His treachery was revealed when he sided with the enemy.
Sa trahison a été révélée lorsqu'il a pris parti pour l'ennemi.
C1 noun /prəˈpoʊnənt/

proponent

partisan, promoteur
Meaning
a person who advocates for or supports a particular idea, cause, or plan
Example
She is a strong proponent of renewable energy.
Elle est une forte partisane de l'énergie renouvelable.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊk.lɔːr/

folk-lore

folklore
Meaning
The traditional beliefs, customs, stories, songs, and practices of a community, passed down through generations.
Example
Bangladeshi folk-lore is rich with myths and legends.
Le folklore français est riche en contes et légendes.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɜːrʒən/

incursion

incursion
Meaning
A sudden attack or invasion into a place or territory.
Example
The army repelled the enemy incursion at the border.
L'armée a repoussé l'incursion ennemie à la frontière.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈkɛmpt/

unkempt

désordonné
Meaning
Having an untidy or disheveled appearance.
Example
He looked unkempt after sleeping outdoors all night.
Il avait l'air désordonné après avoir dormi dehors toute la nuit.
C1 verb /ˈkʌn.dʒər/

conjure

conjurer
Meaning
to summon something as if by magic; to imagine vividly
Example
The magician conjured a rabbit out of the hat.
Le magicien a conjuré un lapin du chapeau.
C1 noun /ˈredʒ.ɪ.mən/

regimen

régime prescrit pour le traitement, le mode de vie ou le régime alimentaire dans le but de promouvoir ou restaurer la santé
Meaning
A prescribed course of medical treatment, way of life, or diet for the promotion or restoration of health.
Example
A strict exercise regimen improves overall fitness.
Un régime strict d'exercices améliore la condition physique générale.
C1 noun /ˌæktʃuˈæləti/

actuality

réalité
Meaning
The state of existing in reality rather than in appearance or imagination.
Example
The movie was based on historical actuality.
Le film était basé sur la réalité historique.
C1 adjective /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsənt/

reminiscent

évocateur
Meaning
Tending to remind one of something; suggestive of something in the past.
Example
The smell of rain is reminiscent of my childhood in the village.
L'odeur de la pluie évoque mon enfance dans le village.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡreɪnd/

engrained

profondément enraciné, difficile à changer
Meaning
Firmly fixed or established; difficult to change.
Example
Cultural practices are often deeply engrained in the fabric of society.
Les pratiques culturelles sont souvent profondément enracinées dans le tissu de la société.
C1 verb /ˈɪmplɪˌkeɪt/

implicate

impliquer
Meaning
To show someone’s involvement in a crime or wrongdoing.
Example
The evidence implicated several officials in the scandal.
Les preuves ont impliqué plusieurs responsables dans le scandale.
C1 verb /dɪˈstɪl/

distill

distiller
Meaning
To purify a liquid by heating and cooling; to extract the essential meaning or most important aspects.
Example
The factory distills water to make it safe for drinking.
L'usine distille de l'eau pour la rendre sûre à boire.
C1 noun /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəns/

magnificence

magnificence
Meaning
splendor, grandeur, or impressive beauty
Example
The magnificence of the palace left everyone speechless.
La magnificence du palais a laissé tout le monde sans voix.
C1 verb /ɪnˈθjuːz/

enthuse

enthousiasmer
Meaning
to express excitement or admiration
Example
She enthused about her trip to Italy.
Elle a exprimé son enthousiasme à propos de son voyage en Italie.
C1 noun

Kin

famille; parents;
C1 adjective /rɪˈdʒɛn.ə.rə.tɪv/

regenerative

régénératif
Meaning
Able to restore or renew damaged environments, soil, or resources.
Example
Regenerative farming improves soil health and biodiversity.
L'agriculture régénérative améliore la santé du sol et la biodiversité.
C1 adjective /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

preposterous

absurde, ridicule
Meaning
completely ridiculous or absurd; contrary to reason or common sense
Example
The idea that pigs could fly is preposterous.
L'idée que les cochons puissent voler est absurde.
C1 noun ˌmʌn.ɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

monetization

conversion d'un actif ou d'un service en une manière de gagner de l'argent
Meaning
Converting an asset or service into a way of earning money.
Example
YouTube allows content creators to earn money through monetization.
YouTube permet aux créateurs de contenu de gagner de l'argent grâce à la monétisation.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnɔːɡjərəl/

Inaugural

inaugural
Meaning
marking the beginning of something; first; opening
Example
The president delivered his inaugural speech.
Le président a prononcé son discours inaugural.
C1 adjective /ˌʌn.əˈdʌl.tə.reɪ.tɪd/

Unadulterated

pur
Meaning
not mixed or diluted with any different or extra elements; pure
Example
She felt unadulterated joy when she heard the news.
Elle a ressenti une joie pure lorsqu'elle a entendu la nouvelle.
C1 noun /rɪˈdʒɪdəti/

Rigidity

rigidité
Meaning
inability to bend or be forced out of shape; unwillingness to change or compromise
Example
The rigidity of the old system prevented any innovation.
La rigidité de l'ancien système a empêché toute innovation.
C1 verb /dɪˈflɛkt/

deflect

détourner / éviter
Meaning
to cause something to change direction; to avoid answering directly
Example
The shield deflected the incoming arrow.
Le bouclier a dévié la flèche entrante.
C1 noun /ˈdɪɡnɪˌtɛri/

dignitary

personne importante
Meaning
a person considered to be important because of high rank or office
Example
Several foreign dignitaries attended the state banquet.
Plusieurs dignitaires étrangers ont assisté au banquet d'État.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛtroʊˌɡreɪd/

retrograde

rétrograde
Meaning
moving backward or returning to a worse condition
Example
The policy was seen as a retrograde step for human rights.
La politique a été vue comme un pas rétrograde pour les droits de l'homme.
C1 noun /traɪˈbjuːnəl/

tribunal

tribunal
Meaning
a court of justice or body established to settle disputes
Example
The case was heard in an international tribunal.
L'affaire a été entendue dans un tribunal international.
C1 noun /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/

inkling

indice
Meaning
A slight idea, hint, or suspicion about something.
Example
She had an inkling that he was planning a surprise.
Elle avait une vague idée qu'il préparait une surprise.
C1 adjective /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪ.ner.i/

Disciplinary

disciplinaire
Meaning
relating to discipline; intended to correct behavior
Example
The company took disciplinary action against the employee.
L'entreprise a pris des mesures disciplinaires contre l'employé.
C1 noun /ˈiːzl̩/

easel

support pour toile
Meaning
a frame for supporting an artist's canvas while painting or drawing
Example
The artist placed the canvas on the easel before starting to paint.
L'artiste a placé la toile sur le chevalet avant de commencer à peindre.
C1 verb /diːˈfjuːz/

defuse

désamorcer
Meaning
To make a situation less dangerous, tense, or explosive; to remove a fuse from a bomb.
Example
The negotiator helped defuse the tense situation.
Le négociateur a aidé à désamorcer la situation tendue.
C1 adverb /ˈnɔːθwədz/

Northwards

vers le nord
Meaning
towards the north; in a northerly direction
Example
The birds migrate northwards in spring.
Les oiseaux migrent vers le nord au printemps.
C1 adjective, verb /muːt/

moot

irrélevant / discutable
Meaning
Adjective: subject to debate or irrelevant. Verb: to suggest an idea for discussion.
Example
The issue of funding became a moot point after the project was canceled.
La question du financement est devenue un point sans importance après l'annulation du projet.
C1 adjective /dɪˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪ.tɪŋ/

debilitating

affaiblissant
Meaning
Making someone or something weak and infirm.
Example
The disease had a debilitating effect on his health.
La maladie avait un effet affaiblissant sur sa santé.
C1 noun /fɪˈziːk/

physique

physique
Meaning
the form, size, and development of a person's body
Example
He has an athletic physique due to years of training.
Il a une silhouette athlétique grâce à des années d'entraînement.
C1 noun /ɡəˈrɪlə/

guerrilla

guérillero
Meaning
a member of a small independent group taking part in irregular fighting, typically against larger forces
Example
The guerrilla fighters used ambushes to attack enemy positions.
Les combattants guérilleros ont utilisé des embuscades pour attaquer les positions ennemies.
C1 verb prəˈpel

propel

propulser
Meaning
To drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward.
Example
Lack of proper guidance can propel adolescents toward delinquency.
Le manque d'orientation appropriée peut propulser les adolescents vers la délinquance.
C1 noun /ˈbeɪ.zəl siːdz/

Basil Seeds

graines de basilic
Meaning
small black seeds from the basil plant, often used in drinks and desserts
Example
I added basil seeds to my lemonade for a refreshing drink.
J'ai ajouté des graines de basilic à ma limonade pour une boisson rafraîchissante.
C1 verb /daɪˈluːt/

dilute

diluer
Meaning
To make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent.
Example
You should dilute the juice with water before serving it to children.
Vous devez diluer le jus avec de l'eau avant de le servir aux enfants.
C1 noun /ˈkɑːrdəməm/

Cardamom

cardamome
Meaning
aromatic seeds from a plant in the ginger family, used as a spice
Example
The recipe calls for a pinch of ground cardamom.
La recette nécessite une pincée de cardamome moulue.
C1 verb /ɛtʃ/

etch

graver
Meaning
to cut or carve a design onto a surface
Example
The artist etched her initials into the glass.
L'artiste a gravé ses initiales dans le verre.
C1 noun /ˈroʊdənt/

rodent

rongeur
Meaning
a small mammal such as a mouse, rat, or squirrel, characterized by constantly growing incisors
Example
The farmer set traps to catch the rodents in his barn.
Le fermier a posé des pièges pour attraper les rongeurs dans sa grange.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈfriːkwənt/

infrequent

peu fréquent
Meaning
Happening rarely or not often.
Example
He made infrequent visits to his hometown after moving abroad.
Il faisait des visites peu fréquentes dans sa ville natale après avoir déménagé à l'étranger.
C1 adjective /ˈnɔːʃəs/

nauseous

se sentir nauséeux
Meaning
feeling like you are about to vomit; causing a feeling of sickness
Example
The smell of rotten food made her feel nauseous.
L'odeur de nourriture pourrie l'a fait se sentir nauséeuse.
C1 verb /ˈwɪð.ər/

wither

se faner
Meaning
to dry up and die, typically used for plants
Example
The flowers will wither without enough water.
Les fleurs se faneront sans assez d'eau.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɔːrmɪti/

enormity

énormité
Meaning
The extreme scale, seriousness, or extent of something perceived as bad or morally wrong.
Example
The enormity of the crime shocked the entire community.
L'énormité du crime a choqué toute la communauté.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrɡəˌtɔːri/

purgatory

un lieu ou un état de souffrance habité par les âmes des pécheurs expiant leurs péchés avant d'aller au paradis
Meaning
A place or state of suffering inhabited by the souls of sinners who are expiating their sins before going to heaven; a temporary condition of torment or suffering.
Example
After the accident, the long recovery felt like a kind of purgatory.
Après l'accident, la longue récupération ressemblait à une sorte de purgatoire.
C1 verb প্রিসিপিটেট

precipitate

précipiter
Meaning
To fall from the sky as rain, snow, or other forms of water.
Example
Vapor precipitates as rain in warmer climates.
La vapeur précipite sous forme de pluie dans les climats plus chauds.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɡroʊst/

engrossed

absorbé
Meaning
completely absorbed or deeply involved in something
Example
She was so engrossed in the book that she forgot the time.
Elle était tellement absorbée dans le livre qu'elle a oublié l'heure.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

calibration
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
La précision d'une balance dépend d'une calibration régulière.
C1 adverb /ˈhed ɑn/

Head-on

de face
Meaning
directly facing; in direct confrontation or collision
Example
The two cars collided head-on at the intersection.
Les deux voitures se sont percutées de face à l'intersection.
C1 noun /ˌres.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/

Recitation

récitation
Meaning
the action of reciting or repeating aloud from memory
Example
The poetry recitation contest was held in the auditorium.
Le concours de récitation de poésie a eu lieu dans l'auditorium.
C1 adjective kəˈlɒs.əl

Colossal

colossal
Meaning
Extremely large, gigantic, enormous in size or extent.
Example
The colossal pyramids of Egypt are a marvel of architecture.
Les pyramides colossales d'Égypte sont un miracle de l'architecture.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnənt/

pennant

pennon
Meaning
A tapering flag used for signaling or as an emblem of victory or achievement.
Example
The team raised the championship pennant proudly.
L'équipe a fièrement brandi le pennon du championnat.
C1 noun /ˈdʒɛntri/

gentry

haute société
Meaning
People of good social position, usually of high birth or wealthy landowners
Example
The gentry of the town gathered for the annual ball.
La haute société de la ville s'est réunie pour le bal annuel.
C1 verb /əˈseɪl/

assail

assaillir
Meaning
to attack violently, either physically or with words
Example
The politician was assailed with difficult questions.
Le politicien a été assailli par des questions difficiles.
C1 noun /səˈlaɪ.və/

Saliva

salive
Meaning
the watery liquid secreted into the mouth by glands
Example
The dentist asked her to rinse the saliva from her mouth.
Le dentiste lui a demandé de rincer la salive de sa bouche.
C1 noun/verb mælˈfʌŋk.ʃən

malfunction

panne
Meaning
A failure to function normally or satisfactorily; a defect or breakdown.
Example
The engine malfunctioned due to overheating.
Le moteur a dysfonctionné à cause de la surchauffe.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈvaɪəbl/

unviable

invivable
Meaning
Not capable of working successfully; not feasible or practical.
Example
The project was deemed unviable due to high costs.
Le projet a été jugé invivable en raison des coûts élevés.
C1 adjective /ˈflaʊəri/

flowery

fleuri / orné
Meaning
Full of flowers or overly elaborate in style or language.
Example
She wrote a flowery letter filled with poetic phrases.
Elle a écrit une lettre fleurie remplie de phrases poétiques.
C1 adjective /maɪˈɑːpɪk/

myopic

myopie, vision à court terme
Meaning
lacking foresight or long-term perspective; also refers to nearsightedness
Example
The company’s myopic strategy led to long-term losses.
La stratégie myope de l'entreprise a conduit à des pertes à long terme.
C1 adverb /əˈtroʊʃəsli/

atrociously

atrocement
Meaning
in a very cruel, shocking, or extremely bad manner
Example
The service at the restaurant was atrociously slow.
Le service du restaurant était atrocement lent.
C1 adjective /bɪˈfɪt.ɪŋ/

Befitting

approprié; convenable; adapté à une situation ou à une personne particulière
Meaning
appropriate; suitable; proper for a particular situation or person
Example
He wore formal attire befitting the important occasion.
Il portait une tenue formelle appropriée pour l'occasion importante.
C1 adjective /əˈθɔːrɪtətɪv/

authoritative

autoritaire
Meaning
Having or showing authority; commanding and self-confident; reliable as a source of information.
Example
She spoke in an authoritative tone that silenced the room.
Elle parla d'un ton autoritaire qui fit taire la pièce.
C1 verb /ˈpɪlfər/

pilfer

voler
Meaning
to steal things of small value or in small quantities
Example
The employee was caught pilfering office supplies.
L'employé a été pris en train de voler des fournitures de bureau.
C1 verb /ˈtæn.tə.laɪz/

tantalize

tenter
Meaning
To tease or torment someone with the promise of something desirable but unattainable.
Example
The aroma of the bakery tantalized the hungry children.
L'arôme de la boulangerie a tenté les enfants affamés.
C1 adjective /ɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

Innumerable

innombrable; incalculable; infini
Meaning
too many to be counted; countless; infinite in number
Example
There are innumerable stars in the night sky that we cannot see with our naked eyes.
Il y a d'innombrables étoiles dans le ciel nocturne que nous ne pouvons pas voir à l'œil nu.
C1 verb /ɪnˈsjuː/

ensue

suivre
Meaning
to happen as a result or consequence
Example
After the argument, silence ensued.
Après la dispute, le silence s'ensuivit.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfər/

cartographer

cartographe
Meaning
A person who makes maps.
Example
The cartographer carefully drew the map of the new territory.
Le cartographe a dessiné soigneusement la carte du nouveau territoire.