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C1 verb কনডেন্স

condense

se condenser
Meaning
To change from gas to liquid form; to become denser.
Example
Water vapor condenses into raindrops.
La vapeur d'eau se condense en gouttes de pluie.
C1 noun ˌɛkstərˈnælɪtiz

externalities

externalité
Meaning
A side effect or consequence of an industrial or commercial activity.
Example
Pollution is a negative externality of industrialization.
La pollution est une externalité négative de l'industrialisation.
C1 noun /ˌɑːk.sɪˈmɔːr.ɒn/

oxymoron

oxymore
Meaning
a figure of speech where two contradictory terms are combined
Example
The phrase 'deafening silence' is a classic oxymoron.
L'expression 'silence assourdissant' est un oxymore classique.
C1 noun /ˈædʒʌŋkt/

adjunct

adjoint
Meaning
a thing added to something else as a supplementary part
Example
The professor worked as an adjunct at the university.
Le professeur travaillait comme adjoint à l'université.
C1 adjective /ˈɪmpətənt/

impotent

impotent
Meaning
Lacking power, ability, or strength to take effective action.
Example
The citizens felt impotent against the corrupt system.
Les citoyens se sont sentis impuissants face au système corrompu.
C1 noun /ˈmuːdi.nəs/

moodiness

instabilité émotionnelle
Meaning
The state of being frequently subject to changes in mood, especially irritability or sadness.
Example
Her moodiness made it difficult to predict how she would react.
Son instabilité émotionnelle rendait difficile de prédire comment elle réagirait.
C1 noun /bɪˈriːvmənt/

bereavement

deuil
Meaning
The state of having lost a loved one through death.
Example
She received many letters of sympathy during her time of bereavement.
Elle a reçu de nombreuses lettres de sympathie pendant son deuil.
C1 adjective /rɪˈzɪdjuəl/

residual

résiduel
Meaning
Remaining after the greater part has gone.
Example
The patient experienced residual pain after the surgery.
Le patient a ressenti une douleur résiduelle après la chirurgie.
C1 noun /ˈænti ˈeəkræft ɡʌn/

Anti-aircraft-gun

canon antiaérien
Meaning
a weapon designed to attack aircraft from the ground
Example
The anti-aircraft gun was positioned to defend the military base.
Le canon antiaérien a été positionné pour défendre la base militaire.
C1 noun /təˈlɛpəθi/

telepathy

télépathie
Meaning
the supposed communication of thoughts or ideas by means other than the known senses
Example
The twins claimed to share telepathy with each other.
Les jumeaux ont prétendu partager une télépathie entre eux.
C1 adjective /ˌɪndɪˈskriːt/

indiscreet

imprudent
Meaning
Not careful in what one says or does, likely to reveal secrets or offend.
Example
It was indiscreet of him to mention the plan in public.
C'était imprudent de sa part de mentionner le plan en public.
C1 noun /ˈstɪɡmə/

stigma

stigmatisme
Meaning
a mark of shame or disgrace associated with a particular circumstance or quality
Example
There is still a stigma around mental health issues in many societies.
Il existe encore un stigmate autour des problèmes de santé mentale dans de nombreuses sociétés.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈflɛksəbl/

inflexible

inflexible
Meaning
Not able to bend or change; unwilling to change ideas or behavior.
Example
His inflexible attitude made negotiations difficult.
Son attitude inflexible rendait les négociations difficiles.
C1 adverb/noun /ˌhɪərˈæftər/

hereafter

désormais / au-delà
Meaning
from now on; in the future; also refers to life after death.
Example
Hereafter, all reports must be submitted electronically.
Désormais, tous les rapports doivent être soumis électroniquement.
C1 adjective /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/

symphonic

symphonique
Meaning
relating to or having the character of a symphony or symphony orchestra
Example
The concert featured a symphonic masterpiece.
Le concert a présenté un chef-d'œuvre symphonique.
C1 adjective /ˈsiː.naɪl/

senile

faiblesse liée à la vieillesse
Meaning
Showing the weaknesses of old age, especially mental decline.
Example
The old man became senile and forgot familiar faces.
Le vieil homme est devenu sénile et a oublié des visages familiers.
C1 noun /ˈpɪt.fɔːl/

pitfall

piège, difficulté
Meaning
a hidden or unexpected danger or difficulty
Example
Investors must be aware of the pitfalls of the market.
Les investisseurs doivent être conscients des pièges du marché.
C1 noun /ˈpɛnɪtəns/

penitence

pénitence
Meaning
The action or feeling of showing sorrow and regret for having done wrong.
Example
His eyes were full of penitence after realizing his mistake.
Ses yeux étaient pleins de pénitence après avoir réalisé son erreur.
C1 adjective /bɪˈleɪtɪd/

belated

tardif
Meaning
coming or happening later than expected or usual
Example
She sent me a belated birthday card.
Elle m'a envoyé une carte d'anniversaire tardive.
C1 adjective /ˈflæɡɪŋ/

flagging

faiblir, se fatiguer ou perdre de l'enthousiasme
Meaning
becoming tired, weaker, or less enthusiastic
Example
After hours of work, his energy was flagging.
Après des heures de travail, son énergie était en baisse.
C1 noun /ˈkɒz.moʊs/

Cosmos

fleur cosmos
Meaning
a colorful annual flower with daisy-like blooms and feathery foliage
Example
The cosmos flowers swayed gently in the summer breeze across the meadow.
Les fleurs de cosmos se balançaient doucement dans la brise d'été à travers le pré.
C1 verb /ˈfɛdərət/

federate

fédérer
Meaning
to unite in a league or federation; to form an alliance
Example
Several states federated to create a stronger union.
Plusieurs États se sont fédérés pour créer une union plus forte.
C1 noun /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/

stiletto

chaussure à talon aigu / poignard
Meaning
A small, thin, high-heeled shoe or a dagger with a slender blade.
Example
She wore elegant stiletto heels to the party.
Elle portait des talons stiletto élégants à la fête.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈsɛntənəri/ or /sɛnˈtɛnəri/

centenary

centenaire
Meaning
The hundredth anniversary of a significant event; relating to a period of 100 years.
Example
The school celebrated its centenary with a grand event.
L'école a célébré son centenaire avec un grand événement.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɒnstrəbl/

demonstrable

démontrable
Meaning
clearly able to be shown or proven
Example
There was demonstrable evidence that he was innocent.
Il y avait des preuves démontrables qu'il était innocent.
C1 adjective /ˈpruː.dənt/

Prudent

prudent; sage; prudent;
Meaning
wise; careful; cautious;
Example
It's prudent to save money for the future.
Il est prudent d'économiser de l'argent pour l'avenir.
C1 noun /ˈsʌnˌdaʊn/

sundown

coucher du soleil
Meaning
the time in the evening when the sun goes below the horizon
Example
We planned to reach the village before sundown.
Nous avions prévu d'arriver au village avant le coucher du soleil.
C1 verb /kənˈstruː/

construe

interpréter
Meaning
to interpret or understand the meaning of something in a particular way
Example
His words could be construed as a threat.
Ses mots pouvaient être interprétés comme une menace.
C1 adjective /hɔːrs/

Hoarse

voix rauque ou cassée; avoir une voix rauque à force de crier ou de maladie
Meaning
rough or harsh in sound; having a rough voice from shouting or illness
Example
His voice became hoarse after shouting at the concert.
Sa voix est devenue rauque après avoir crié au concert.
C1 adjective /ˈmɜː.sɪ.fəl/

Merciful

miséricordieux; compatissant
Meaning
showing compassion or forgiveness; kind and forgiving
Example
The merciful judge gave him a lighter sentence.
Le juge miséricordieux lui a donné une peine plus légère.
C1 noun /ˈriːpər/

reaper

une personne ou une machine qui coupe et ramasse les récoltes
Meaning
a person or machine that cuts and gathers crops
Example
The reaper moved slowly through the golden fields.
Le riper se déplaçait lentement à travers les champs dorés.
C1 adjective, verb, noun /ˈkaʊntərfɪt/

counterfeit

contrefait
Meaning
made to look like something genuine in order to deceive
Example
The police seized a batch of counterfeit currency.
La police a saisi un lot de billets contrefaits.
C1 adjective /ˈdæʃ.ɪŋ/

Dashing

élégant; attrayant; audacieux;
Meaning
stylish and confident; lively and energetic; attractive and charming
Example
He looked dashing in his new suit.
Il avait l'air élégant dans son nouveau costume.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpæʃənd/

impassioned

passionné
Meaning
Filled with or showing great emotion.
Example
She gave an impassioned speech about human rights.
Elle a prononcé un discours passionné sur les droits de l'homme.
C1 adjective /sliːk/

sleek

élégant et brillant
Meaning
smooth, shiny, and stylish
Example
She drove a sleek black sports car.
Elle a conduit une voiture de sport brillante et élégante.
C1 noun /ˈdæɡ.ər/

Dagger

dague
Meaning
a short knife with a pointed blade used as a weapon
Example
The ancient warrior carried a silver dagger.
Le guerrier ancien portait une dague en argent.
C1 noun /ˈsɛvərəns/

severance

indemnité de licenciement
Meaning
the act of ending something, especially a relationship or employment; compensation paid upon termination
Example
The company offered him severance pay after his job ended.
L'entreprise lui a offert une indemnité de licenciement après la fin de son emploi.
C1 verb /prɪˈdɒmɪneɪt/

predominate

prédominer
Meaning
To be the strongest, most common, or most influential element.
Example
Traditional values still predominate in the community.
Les valeurs traditionnelles prédominent encore dans la communauté.
C1 noun /əˈfen.dər/

Offender

délinquant; infractionniste de la loi
Meaning
a person who commits an illegal act; someone who breaks the law
Example
The young offender was sentenced to community service.
Le jeune délinquant a été condamné à des travaux d'intérêt général.
C1 adjective /ˈtrænziənt/

Transient

transitoire; temporaire
Meaning
lasting for only a short time; temporary
Example
The beauty of spring flowers is transient.
La beauté des fleurs de printemps est transitoire.
C1 noun/verb /ˈkætəpʌlt/

catapult

catapulte
Meaning
A device for launching objects at high speed; to hurl or launch something suddenly.
Example
The invention catapulted him to international fame.
L'invention l'a catapulté à la célébrité internationale.
C1 adjective /ˈfrɔːdjʊlənt/

fraudulent

frauduleux
Meaning
Involving or using deceit, especially criminal deception.
Example
He was arrested for making fraudulent insurance claims.
Il a été arrêté pour avoir fait des demandes frauduleuses d'assurance.
C1 verb /əˈnʌl/

annul

annuler
Meaning
to declare something legally invalid or cancel it
Example
The court decided to annul the marriage due to fraud.
Le tribunal a décidé d'annuler le mariage en raison de la fraude.
C1 noun /teɪnt/

Taint

tache; marque; corruption ou contamination
Meaning
a stain or mark that spoils something; corruption or contamination
Example
The scandal left a permanent taint on his reputation.
Le scandale a laissé une tache permanente sur sa réputation.
C1 verb /ˈdɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

dissipate

disparaître progressivement
Meaning
To disappear or cause to disappear gradually.
Example
The tension in the room slowly dissipated.
La tension dans la pièce a lentement disparu.
C1 adjective /ˈlækˌlʌstər/

lackluster

terne
Meaning
Lacking in vitality, force, or conviction; uninspired or uninspiring.
Example
The lackluster performance disappointed the audience.
La performance terne a déçu le public.
C1 noun /ˈfoʊ.kəs ˈtræk.ɪŋ/

focus tracking

suivi de la concentration
Meaning
A technique of monitoring and maintaining attention on specific tasks or goals.
Example
Proper focus tracking improves productivity.
Un bon suivi de la concentration améliore la productivité.
C1 noun /ˈken.əl/

Kennel

cabane pour chien; établissement pour l'élevage ou l'hébergement des chiens
Meaning
a small shelter for a dog; an establishment for the breeding or boarding of dogs
Example
The dog slept comfortably in his wooden kennel in the backyard.
Le chien a dormi confortablement dans son chenil en bois dans le jardin arrière.
C1 adjective /ˈɪəri/

eerie

étrange
Meaning
Strange and frightening in a mysterious way.
Example
The abandoned house had an eerie silence.
La maison abandonnée avait un étrange silence.
C1 noun /əˈdʒeɪsənsi/

adjacency

adjacence
Meaning
The state of being next to or adjoining something else.
Example
The adjacency of the two buildings made it easy to connect them.
L'adjacence des deux bâtiments a facilité leur connexion.
C1 noun/verb /dɪsˈkwaɪət/

disquiet

inquiétude
Meaning
A feeling of worry or unease; to make someone feel anxious or uneasy.
Example
The strange silence filled the room with disquiet.
Le silence étrange a rempli la pièce d'inquiétude.
C1 verb /ɪˈroʊd/

erode

érosion
Meaning
to gradually wear away or destroy by natural forces such as water, wind, or chemical action
Example
The coastline has begun to erode due to constant waves.
La côte a commencé à s'éroder à cause des vagues constantes.
C1 adjective /nɪˈɡoʊ.ʃi.ə.bəl/

negotiable

négociable
Meaning
Open to discussion or modification; capable of being bargained for.
Example
The salary offered is negotiable.
Le salaire offert est négociable.
C1 noun /ˌpænəˈsiːə/

panacea

panacée
Meaning
A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases.
Example
Education is often seen as a panacea for social problems.
L'éducation est souvent considérée comme une panacée pour les problèmes sociaux.
C1 noun /ˈaʊtˌkraɪ/

outcry

protestation
Meaning
A strong expression of public anger or disapproval.
Example
The decision sparked an outcry among the citizens.
La décision a déclenché une protestation parmi les citoyens.
C1 noun /ˈlɛktən/

lectern

pupitre
Meaning
A tall stand with a sloping top used to support a book, notes, or script during a speech or lecture.
Example
The professor placed her notes on the lectern before starting her lecture.
Le professeur a posé ses notes sur le pupitre avant de commencer sa conférence.
C1 noun /ˈɒptɪks/

optics

optique
Meaning
The branch of physics dealing with light and vision.
Example
She studied optics to understand how lenses work.
Elle a étudié l'optique pour comprendre comment fonctionnent les lentilles.
C1 noun/verb /kwɪp/

quip

remarque drôle
Meaning
A witty remark; to make a witty or clever comment.
Example
She quipped about the weather during the meeting.
Elle a fait une remarque drôle sur la météo pendant la réunion.
C1 adjective /ˈpælpəbl̩/

palpable

bonheur
Meaning
easily perceived or felt; so intense as to seem almost tangible
Example
There was a palpable sense of excitement in the room.
Elle ne pouvait pas cacher son bonheur lorsqu'elle a reçu le prix.
C1 adjective /səbˈmɪs.ɪv/

Submissive

soumis; obéissant; humble
Meaning
ready to obey others; yielding to authority; humble and compliant
Example
She became submissive after years of harsh treatment.
Elle est devenue soumise après des années de traitement sévère.
C1 noun/verb /vɔːlt/

vault

coffre-fort / sauter
Meaning
A secure room for storing valuables; also to leap or spring over something.
Example
The bank kept its gold bars in a secure vault.
La banque a gardé ses lingots d'or dans une voûte sécurisée.
C1 noun /ɪkˈstrækʃən/

extraction

extraction
Meaning
the act of removing something, especially by pulling it out
Example
The extraction of oil from the ground requires special equipment.
L'extraction de pétrole du sol nécessite des équipements spéciaux.
C1 noun /ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/

turmoil

tourmente
Meaning
A state of great disturbance, confusion, or uncertainty.
Example
The political turmoil led to mass protests.
Le turmoil politique a conduit à des manifestations de masse.
C1 adjective /dɪˈsperɪŋ/

Despairing

désespérant
Meaning
feeling hopeless; in despair
Example
She felt despairing after losing her job.
Elle se sentait désespérée après avoir perdu son travail.
C1 noun/verb /ˈɡlɪmər/

glimmer

un éclat faible
Meaning
A faint or wavering light; to shine with a faint light.
Example
A glimmer of hope shone in her eyes.
Un éclat d'espoir brilla dans ses yeux.
C1 noun /ɡriːn ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/

Green Coconut

noix de coco verte
Meaning
a young coconut with green outer shell containing refreshing coconut water
Example
We drank fresh water from a green coconut on the beach.
Nous avons bu de l'eau fraîche d'une noix de coco verte sur la plage.
C1 noun /ˈɛskəpeɪd/

escapade

aventure
Meaning
an adventurous, exciting, or reckless act
Example
Their summer escapade included camping and mountain climbing.
Leurs escapades estivales comprenaient du camping et de l'escalade en montagne.
C1 noun /məˈleɪz/

malaise

malaise
Meaning
a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify
Example
After the long journey, she felt a general malaise.
Après le long voyage, elle a ressenti un malaise général.
C1 noun /ˈlʌɡ.ɪdʒ væn/

Luggage van

fourgon à bagages
Meaning
a vehicle designed for carrying luggage and cargo
Example
The luggage van carried all the passengers' suitcases.
Le fourgon à bagages a transporté toutes les valises des passagers.
C1 adjective ˈfɔːr.mɪ.də.bəl

formidable

formidable
Meaning
Inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large, powerful, intense, or capable.
Example
The boxer was a formidable opponent in the ring.
Le boxeur était un adversaire formidable sur le ring.
C1 noun ˌpraɪ.vɪ.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən

privatization

privatisation
Meaning
The transfer of a business, industry, or service from public to private ownership and control.
Example
The privatization of state-owned companies increased efficiency.
La privatisation des entreprises publiques a augmenté l'efficacité.
C1 adjective /ˌwɛlˈbrɛd/

well-bred

bien élevé
Meaning
Having or showing good manners; properly raised.
Example
She is a well-bred young lady with excellent manners.
C'est une jeune femme bien élevée avec d'excellentes manières.
C1 adjective /ˌɪnədˈmɪsəbl̩/

inadmissible

inadmissible
Meaning
Not allowed, especially as evidence in a court of law.
Example
The judge ruled the evidence inadmissible.
Le juge a déclaré que la preuve était inadmissible.
C1 noun trænˈsɛndəns

transcendence

transcendance
Meaning
Existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level.
Example
The artist's work was a symbol of transcendence in creativity.
Le travail de l'artiste était un symbole de transcendance dans la créativité.
C1 verb /ˈædʒ.ɪ.teɪt/

agitate

agiter, provoquer
Meaning
to stir up feelings or disturb; to campaign for change
Example
The protesters agitated for better working conditions.
Les manifestants ont agité pour de meilleures conditions de travail.
C1 /ˈɡrævəl/

gravel

gravier
Meaning
Small stones and pebbles, often mixed with sand, used for paths, roads, and construction.
Example
The driveway was covered with gravel.
L'allée était recouverte de gravier.
C1 noun /ˈpɒlɪɡɒn/

polygon

polygone
Meaning
a flat shape with three or more straight sides
Example
The artist drew a colorful polygon on the canvas.
L'artiste a dessiné un polygone coloré sur la toile.
C1 verb /ɪˈnʌnsieɪt/

enunciate

énoncer
Meaning
to pronounce words clearly; to express an idea clearly
Example
The teacher asked him to enunciate each word.
L'enseignant lui a demandé d'énoncer chaque mot.
C1 adjective /ˌɔː.riˈen.təl/

Oriental

relatif aux pays de l'Asie de l'Est; oriental
Meaning
relating to the countries of East Asia; eastern
Example
The museum has a beautiful collection of oriental art.
Le musée possède une belle collection d'art oriental.
C1 adjective /ˈwɜːrkəbəl/

Workable

réalisable; praticable
Meaning
capable of being done or put into effect; practical
Example
We need a workable solution to solve this problem quickly.
Nous avons besoin d'une solution réalisable pour résoudre ce problème rapidement.
C1 noun /ˈiːkwɪnɒks/

equinox

équilibre entre le jour et la nuit
Meaning
The time or date when day and night are of equal length, occurring twice a year.
Example
The spring equinox marks the beginning of longer days.
L'équinoxe de printemps marque le début des journées plus longues.
C1 noun /dɪˈkɔː.rəm/

Decorum

décorum; bienséance; dignité
Meaning
behavior in keeping with good taste and propriety; dignified and appropriate conduct
Example
The diplomat maintained perfect decorum throughout the heated negotiations.
Le diplomate a maintenu un décorum parfait tout au long des négociations animées.
C1 verb /ˈbæfəl/

baffle

déconcerter
Meaning
to confuse; to be too difficult to understand
Example
The math problem baffles me completely.
Le problème de mathématiques me déconcerte complètement.
C1 adjective /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

martial

militaire
Meaning
Related to war, soldiers, or military life.
Example
The country imposed martial law during the crisis.
Le pays a imposé la loi martiale pendant la crise.
C1 noun /ˌɑːrbɪˈtreɪʃən/

arbitration

arbitrage
Meaning
the process of resolving a dispute through an impartial third party whose decision is binding; formal judgment outside a court
Example
The contract requires arbitration to settle any disputes.
Le contrat impose l’arbitrage pour régler tout différend.
C1 verb /kliːv/

cleave

fendre, couper
Meaning
to split or divide; to cut through forcefully
Example
He used an axe to cleave the wood.
Il a utilisé une hache pour fendre le bois.
C1 adjective /steɪd/

staid

sérieux, respectable
Meaning
Serious, respectable, and unadventurous.
Example
He came from a staid family background.
Il vient d'une famille sérieuse.
C1 adjective /trænsˈluːsənt/

translucent

semi-transparent
Meaning
allowing light to pass through, but not clearly enough to see detailed images
Example
She placed the flower in a translucent vase.
Elle a placé la fleur dans un vase semi-transparent.
C1 noun /kənˈtɛnʃən/

contention

contestation, désaccord
Meaning
heated disagreement or argument; a point asserted in debate
Example
The main contention between the two parties was over tax reform.
La principale contestation entre les deux parties concernait la réforme fiscale.
C1 noun /fɪˈnɛs/

finesse

subtilité, habileté, raffinement
Meaning
Subtlety and skill; refinement and delicacy in performance or artistry.
Example
The artist painted with great finesse.
L'artiste a peint avec une grande finesse.
C1 verb əˈkruː

accrue

accumuler
Meaning
To accumulate or receive (payments or benefits) over time.
Example
Interest accrues on the savings account every month.
Les intérêts s'accumulent chaque mois sur le compte d'épargne.
C1 verb /əkˈsɛntʃueɪt/

accentuate

accentuer
Meaning
to emphasize or make something more noticeable
Example
The lighting accentuated the beauty of the painting.
L'éclairage a accentué la beauté du tableau.
C1 adjective /əˈkɪn/

akin

similaire
Meaning
Of similar character or related by blood.
Example
His reaction was akin to shock.
Sa réaction était semblable à un choc.
C1 noun /ˈbreɪkər/

breaker

disjoncteur (quelque chose qui casse, une vague de mer qui se brise en mousse près du rivage, ou un appareil qui interrompt un circuit électrique)
Meaning
A person or thing that breaks something; a large sea wave that breaks into foam near the shore; a device that interrupts an electric circuit.
Example
The breaker tripped during the storm, cutting off electricity.
Le disjoncteur a sauté pendant la tempête, coupant l'électricité.
C1 noun /ˌsæbəˈtɜːr/

saboteur

saboteur
Meaning
A person who engages in sabotage.
Example
The saboteur was arrested before he could plant the bomb.
Le saboteur a été arrêté avant qu'il ne puisse planter la bombe.
C1 noun /ˈplʌn.dər.ər/

Plunderer

pilleur
Meaning
a person who steals goods, especially during war or civil disorder
Example
The plunderers ransacked the village after the battle.
Les pilleurs ont saccagé le village après la bataille.
C1 noun /swiːt.laɪm/

Sweetlime

citron doux
Meaning
a citrus fruit that is sweeter and less acidic than regular lime
Example
The sweetlime juice was refreshing on a hot day.
Le jus de citron doux était rafraîchissant lors d'une journée chaude.
C1 noun /ˌfɪziˈɑːlədʒi/

physiology

physiologie
Meaning
the scientific study of the functions and mechanisms in a living system
Example
She is majoring in human physiology at the university.
Elle se spécialise en physiologie humaine à l'université.
C1 noun /ˈpær.ə.di/

Parody

parodie
Meaning
an imitation of a particular style for comic effect; a humorous exaggerated copy
Example
The comedy show featured a parody of famous politicians.
Le spectacle comique présentait une parodie de politiciens célèbres.
C1 noun /ˌprəʊˈæk.tɪv ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

proactive leadership

leadership proactif
Meaning
Leadership that takes initiative and anticipates problems before they occur, rather than reacting to events.
Example
Proactive leadership ensures timely decisions.
Le leadership proactif garantit des décisions opportunes.
C1 adjective /ˌbaɪˈlæt.ər.əl/

bilateral

bilatéral
Meaning
An agreement or relationship between two parties that is mutual, two-sided, or reciprocal.
Example
The two countries signed a bilateral trade agreement.
Les deux pays ont signé un accord commercial bilatéral.
C1 verb /ɪnˈfɛst/

infest

infester
Meaning
to overrun in large numbers, especially so as to cause damage or discomfort
Example
The old house was infested with rats.
La vieille maison était infestée de rats.
C1 noun /ˈræftər/

rafter

poutre
Meaning
One of the sloping beams that supports a roof.
Example
The old barn’s rafters were exposed.
Les poutres du vieux grenier étaient exposées.
C1 verb /dɪˈsɛkt/

dissect

disséquer
Meaning
to cut apart an animal, plant, or other organism to study its internal parts; to analyze something in detail
Example
In biology class, students had to dissect a frog to learn about its anatomy.
En cours de biologie, les étudiants ont dû disséquer une grenouille pour apprendre son anatomie.
C1 noun /ˈæk.jʊ.mən/

acumen

perspicacité
Meaning
The ability to make good judgments and quick decisions; keenness and depth of perception.
Example
His business acumen helped the company grow rapidly.
Sa perspicacité dans les affaires a aidé l'entreprise à croître rapidement.
C1 noun /ˈpʌndɪt/

pundit

expert
Meaning
An expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give opinions to the public.
Example
Political pundits debated the election results on television.
Les experts politiques ont débattu des résultats des élections à la télévision.
C1 noun /heɪz/

Haze

brouillard
Meaning
a slight obscuration of the lower atmosphere, typically caused by fine suspended particles; confusion
Example
The morning haze lifted gradually as the sun rose higher in the sky.
Le brouillard matinal s'est levé progressivement à mesure que le soleil montait plus haut dans le ciel.
C1 noun /kliːk/

clique

clique
Meaning
a small, exclusive group of people
Example
The students formed a clique that excluded others.
Les étudiants ont formé une clique qui excluait les autres.
C1 noun /ˈfɛərˌɡraʊndz/

fairgrounds

terrain de foire
Meaning
A designated area where fairs, exhibitions, and amusement events are held
Example
The town set up rides and stalls at the fairgrounds for the annual festival.
La ville a installé des manèges et des stands sur le terrain de foire pour le festival annuel.
C1 verb /dɪsˈmæntəl/

dismantle

démanteler
Meaning
to take apart; to remove or destroy the parts of
Example
Workers will dismantle the old bridge next month.
Les travailleurs démantèleront le vieux pont le mois prochain.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt/

incompetent

incompétent
Meaning
Lacking the necessary ability or skills to do something successfully.
Example
He was fired because he was incompetent at his job.
Il a été licencié parce qu'il était incompétent dans son travail.
C1 adjective /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

diminutive

minuscule
Meaning
extremely or unusually small
Example
Despite his diminutive size, he was a powerful leader.
Malgré sa taille minuscule, il était un leader puissant.
C1 verb /dɪˈstɪl/

distill

distiller
Meaning
To purify a liquid by heating and cooling; to extract the essential meaning or most important aspects.
Example
The factory distills water to make it safe for drinking.
L'usine distille de l'eau pour la rendre sûre à boire.
C1 noun ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs trəˈdɪʃənz

Indigenous Traditions

Traditions indigènes
Meaning
Cultural practices, beliefs, and customs that have been passed down through generations among native peoples.
Example
Indigenous traditions in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are unique.
Les traditions indigènes dans les Chittagong Hill Tracts sont uniques.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈstreɪ.ni.əs/

extraneous

non pertinent
Meaning
Not directly related or essential to the matter at hand; irrelevant.
Example
The editor removed extraneous details from the report.
L'éditeur a supprimé les détails non pertinents du rapport.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪp.ləs/

Shapeless

sans forme
Meaning
having no definite or well-defined shape or form
Example
The fog created a shapeless mass in the distance.
Le brouillard a créé une masse sans forme au loin.
C1 adjective /ˌtɒpsi ˈtɜːvi/

topsy-turvy

désordonné
Meaning
in a state of confusion, disorder, or upside down
Example
The sudden announcement left the office in a topsy-turvy state.
L'annonce soudaine a laissé le bureau dans un état complètement désordonné.
C1 noun ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃən

calibration

calibration
Meaning
The action or process of adjusting or determining the accuracy of measuring instruments.
Example
The accuracy of a scale depends on regular calibration.
La précision d'une balance dépend d'une calibration régulière.
C1 noun /ˈfen.jʊ.griːk/

Fenugreek

fenugrec
Meaning
an herb whose seeds and leaves are used as a spice in cooking
Example
Fenugreek seeds have a slightly bitter taste and are commonly used in Indian cuisine.
Les graines de fenugrec ont un goût légèrement amer et sont couramment utilisées dans la cuisine indienne.
C1 verb /ɪˈleɪt/

elate

rendre heureux
Meaning
To make someone very happy or proud.
Example
The success of the project elated the whole team.
Le succès du projet a ravi toute l'équipe.
C1 adjective /ˈrɛzənənt/

resonant

résonnant
Meaning
Deep, clear, and continuing to sound or echo.
Example
The resonant voice of the speaker filled the hall.
La voix résonnante du conférencier remplissait la salle.