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B2 adjective /kəmˈpærətɪv/

Comparative

comparatif
Meaning
involving comparison between two or more things; relative
Example
The study showed comparative results between different teaching methods.
L'étude a montré des résultats comparatifs entre différentes méthodes d'enseignement.
B2 verb ɪnˈfɔːrsɪŋ

enforcing

appliquer
Meaning
To compel observance of or compliance with a law, rule, or obligation.
Example
Enforcing strict laws is necessary to prevent violations.
Appliquer des lois strictes est nécessaire pour prévenir les violations.
B2 adverb /ˈoʊpənli/

Openly

ouvertement; publiquement
Meaning
in a frank and honest way; without concealment; publicly
Example
She spoke openly about her struggles with mental health.
Elle a parlé ouvertement de ses luttes avec la santé mentale.
C2 noun /ˈterəpɪn/

terrapin

une petite tortue d'eau douce
Meaning
a small freshwater turtle, especially one found in North America
Example
The terrapin slowly crawled into the pond.
Le terrapin se glissa lentement dans l'étang.
A1 noun /ɪər/

Ear

oreille; audition; capacité d'entendre
Meaning
the organ of hearing; the ability to hear or listen
Example
She whispered something in his ear during the meeting.
Elle murmura quelque chose dans son oreille pendant la réunion.
C1 noun /frɪndʒ/

fringe

bordure décorative / marge
Meaning
A decorative border of threads; the outer edge or margin of something.
Example
The festival had a fringe of small independent performances.
Le festival avait une marge de petites performances indépendantes.
B1 verb /ˈstɒpɪŋ/

stopping

arrêt
Meaning
Coming to a halt or pause.
Example
The ship is stopping at the Falkland Islands.
Le navire s'arrête aux îles Malouines.
B2 adjective ˈpeɪn.ləs

painless

sans douleur
Meaning
Not causing pain; involving little effort or stress.
Example
Modern methods ensure painless treatment.
Les méthodes modernes assurent un traitement sans douleur.
C1 noun dɪˌzɝː.t̬ə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən

desertification

désertification
Meaning
The process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Example
Deforestation accelerates desertification.
La déforestation accélère la désertification.
C2 verb /ɪmˈpɛnd/

impend

se profiler
Meaning
to be about to happen; to loom threateningly
Example
Dark clouds suggested that a storm was impeding.
Les nuages sombres suggéraient qu'une tempête était imminente.
B1 noun ədˈvɛnʧər ˈsiːkərz

Adventure Seekers

chercheurs d'aventures
Meaning
People who actively look for exciting and potentially risky activities or experiences.
Example
Sajek Valley is a popular destination for adventure seekers.
La vallée de Sajek est une destination populaire pour les chercheurs d'aventures.
A2 noun /əˈdɪʃ.ən/

Addition

addition; processus d'ajout
Meaning
the process of adding numbers; something that is added
Example
The addition of a new room made the house more spacious.
L'ajout d'une nouvelle chambre a rendu la maison plus spacieuse.
B1 noun /ˈmɪk.sər/

Mixer

mixeur
Meaning
an electric kitchen appliance used for mixing, beating, and whipping ingredients
Example
The chef used a mixer to prepare the cake batter.
Le chef a utilisé un mixeur pour préparer la pâte à gâteau.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

incompatibilité
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
Le projet a échoué à cause de l’incompatibilité entre les deux systèmes logiciels.
C1 noun /ˈlaɪm.stoʊn/

Lime stone

calcaire
Meaning
a hard sedimentary rock, composed mainly of calcium carbonate or dolomite, used as building material and in the making of cement
Example
The ancient building was made of limestone blocks.
Le bâtiment ancien était fait de blocs de calcaire
B2 noun /ˈswɒl.oʊ/

Swallow

hirondelle
Meaning
a small migratory bird with long wings and a forked tail
Example
The swallow built its nest under the roof.
L'hirondelle a construit son nid sous le toit.
B2 adjective /ˌkaɪnd ˈhɑːrtɪd/

kind-hearted

gentil
Meaning
Having a kind and generous nature; showing compassion and care for others.
Example
She is known as a kind-hearted teacher who always helps her students.
Elle est connue comme une enseignante gentille qui aide toujours ses élèves.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈseɪf/

Unsafe

dangereux; risqué;
Meaning
involving or causing danger or risk; not protected from harm
Example
It is unsafe to walk alone in this neighborhood at night.
Il est dangereux de marcher seul dans ce quartier la nuit.
B2 verb /daɪˈdʒest/

digest

digérer
Meaning
to break down food in the body; to think about and understand
Example
It takes time to digest a heavy meal.
Il faut du temps pour digérer un repas copieux.
A1 verb /raɪt/

write

écrire
Meaning
to mark letters, words, or symbols on a surface
Example
I write letters to my grandmother every month.
J'écris des lettres à ma grand-mère tous les mois.
B1 adjective /ˈfæbjələs/

Fabulous

fabuleux; incroyable; extraordinaire
Meaning
extremely good; wonderful; extraordinary
Example
She wore a fabulous dress to the party.
Elle portait une robe fabuleuse à la fête.
C1 noun, verb /spreɪn/

sprain

entorse
Meaning
an injury to a joint in which the ligaments are stretched or torn
Example
She sprained her ankle while running in the park.
Elle s'est foulé la cheville en courant dans le parc.
C1 noun /ˌɒbstəˈtrɪʃən/

obstetrician

obstétricien
Meaning
A doctor specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, and women's reproductive health.
Example
The obstetrician monitored the mother’s health throughout the pregnancy.
L'obstétricien a surveillé la santé de la mère tout au long de la grossesse.
B1 noun dɪˈfens

defense

défense
Meaning
The action of defending from or resisting attack; protection from harm or danger.
Example
Defense was one of the central subjects.
La défense était l'un des sujets centraux.
C2 noun /ˈkɪŋɡlɪŋ/

kingling

petit roi
Meaning
A minor or petty king; a ruler of small importance.
Example
The kingling demanded respect from his people despite his small realm.
Le petit roi exigeait le respect de son peuple malgré son petit royaume.
B2 verb prəˈlɒŋ

prolong

prolonger
Meaning
To extend the duration of something; to make something last longer.
Example
A healthy diet helps prolong life expectancy.
Un régime alimentaire sain aide à prolonger l'espérance de vie.
B2 adjective /ˈɡrædʒuˌeɪtɪd/

graduated

gradué / en étapes
Meaning
Arranged in steps, levels, or stages; having completed a course of study and received a degree
Example
The scientist used a graduated cylinder to measure the liquid precisely.
Le scientifique a utilisé un cylindre gradué pour mesurer le liquide précisément.
C2 noun /ˌæriˈviːst/

arriviste

nouveau riche
Meaning
A person who has recently gained wealth or status but is considered arrogant or socially unsophisticated.
Example
The business world is full of ambitious arrivistes.
Le monde des affaires est rempli d’arrivistes ambitieux.
C1 noun /zest/

Zest

enthousiasme; énergie et excitation; l'écorce extérieure d'un agrume
Meaning
great enthusiasm and energy; excitement and vigor; the outer peel of a citrus fruit
Example
She approached the new job with tremendous zest.
Elle a abordé le nouveau travail avec un grand enthousiasme.
B2 noun /wiːd/

Weed

mauvaise herbe
Meaning
a wild plant growing where it is not wanted; unwanted plant
Example
The garden was full of weeds that needed to be removed.
Le jardin était rempli de mauvaises herbes qui devaient être enlevées.
C2 noun /ˈræpsədi/

rhapsody

chanson exaltée/éloge
Meaning
an expression of great enthusiasm or an epic musical composition
Example
The singer’s performance was a rhapsody of emotions.
La performance du chanteur était une rhapsodie d'émotions.
B2 adjective /ˈɔɪl.i/

Oily

huileux; recouvert d'huile; gras
Meaning
covered with oil; containing oil; greasy
Example
Her oily skin needs special care.
Sa peau huileuse a besoin de soins spéciaux.
B2 noun /ˈpɔːrɪdʒ/

porridge

bouillie
Meaning
A soft food made by boiling oats or other grains in milk or water.
Example
She had a bowl of porridge for breakfast.
Elle a mangé un bol de bouillie pour le petit déjeuner.
B2 verb /rɪˈsaɪt/

recite

réciter
Meaning
To say aloud something learned, especially poetry or text, from memory.
Example
The child recited a poem in front of the class.
L'enfant a récité un poème devant la classe.
C2 noun /ˈpɒtˌbɔɪlə/

potboiler

livre de série B
Meaning
a book, play, or film produced quickly to make money rather than for artistic value
Example
The novel was dismissed by critics as a mere potboiler.
Le roman a été rejeté par les critiques comme un simple livre de série B.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈklɪər/

unclear

peu clair
Meaning
not easy to understand; vague or ambiguous
Example
The instructions were unclear, so I asked for clarification.
Les instructions étaient peu claires, alors j'ai demandé des clarifications.
C2 noun /kɒn.tɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/

contiguity

contiguïté
Meaning
the state of being in direct contact or next to each other
Example
The contiguity of the two countries facilitates trade.
La contiguïté des deux pays facilite le commerce.
A2 verb /sɜːrtʃ/

search

chercher
Meaning
to look carefully for someone or something; to examine thoroughly
Example
The police searched the house for evidence.
La police a fouillé la maison à la recherche de preuves.
B2 noun; verb /ˈkætəlɒɡ/

catalogue

catalogue
Meaning
a complete list of items, typically one in alphabetical or systematic order; to make a systematic list of items
Example
The library decided to catalogue all new books digitally.
La bibliothèque a décidé de cataloguer tous les nouveaux livres numériquement.
B2 verb /ɪkˈskleɪm/

exclaim

s'écrier
Meaning
to cry out suddenly in surprise, strong emotion, or excitement
Example
She exclaimed with joy when she saw the gift.
Elle s'est exclamée de joie en voyant le cadeau.
B2 verb /ˈspɛkjʊˌleɪt/

speculate

spéculer / investir
Meaning
To form a theory or guess without firm evidence; to invest in stocks, property, etc. hoping for profit.
Example
Experts speculate that the company may expand into new markets.
Les experts spéculent que l'entreprise pourrait s'étendre sur de nouveaux marchés.
C2 verb /ˈæbnɪˌɡeɪt/

abnegate

abnéguer
Meaning
to deny or renounce something, especially a right or desire
Example
She chose to abnegate her personal interests for the sake of the team.
Elle a choisi d'abnéguer ses intérêts personnels pour le bien de l'équipe.
B2 adjective /ˌʌndɪˈstɜːrbd/

Undisturbed

ininterrompu
Meaning
not interrupted or interfered with; calm and peaceful
Example
She slept undisturbed for eight hours.
Elle a dormi huit heures sans être dérangée.
C2 verb /ˌæd ˈlɪb/

ad-lib

dire improvisé
Meaning
to speak or perform without preparation; to improvise
Example
The comedian ad-libbed a joke when the microphone failed.
Le comédien a improvisé une blague lorsque le microphone a échoué.
C2 verb ɪɡˈzɔːrt

exhort

exhorter
Meaning
To strongly encourage or urge someone to do something.
Example
The teacher exhorted students to work hard for exams.
Le professeur a exhorté les élèves à travailler dur pour les examens.
C1 verb /raʊz/

rouse

réveiller
Meaning
To awaken from sleep or to stir into action.
Example
The loud alarm roused him from his deep sleep.
Le bruit de l'alarme l'a réveillé de son sommeil profond.
C2 verb /ˈæbrəɡeɪt/

abrogate

abroger
Meaning
To formally repeal, cancel, or abolish a law, agreement, or custom.
Example
The government decided to abrogate the outdated treaty.
Le gouvernement a décidé d'abroger le traité obsolète.
A1 noun /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/

village

village
Meaning
a small community or group of houses in a rural area
Example
They live in a small village surrounded by mountains.
Ils vivent dans un petit village entouré de montagnes.
C1 verb /ˈtræŋ.kwɪ.laɪz/

tranquilize

tranquilliser
Meaning
to make someone or something calm or less anxious, often by using drugs
Example
The veterinarian had to tranquilize the tiger before moving it.
Le vétérinaire a dû tranquilliser le tigre avant de le déplacer.
C1 noun /iːl/

Eel

anguille
Meaning
a long, snake-like fish that lives in both fresh and salt water
Example
The electric eel can generate powerful electric shocks.
L’anguille électrique peut produire de puissantes décharges électriques.
B2 noun /ˈtɔːr.ment/

Torment

tourment; souffrance
Meaning
severe physical or mental suffering; extreme pain or anguish
Example
The prisoner endured years of torment in solitary confinement.
Le prisonnier a enduré des années de tourment en isolement cellulaire.
A2 noun /dɪˈzɜːrt/

dessert

dessert
Meaning
the sweet course eaten at the end of a meal
Example
We had ice cream for dessert after dinner.
Nous avons mangé de la glace comme dessert après le dîner.
C2 noun /vəˈliːɪti/

velleity

désir faible
Meaning
A wish or inclination not strong enough to lead to action.
Example
His interest in painting never grew beyond a mere velleity.
Son intérêt pour la peinture n'a jamais dépassé un simple désir faible.
B2 noun /jɔːn/

Yawn

bâillement
Meaning
an involuntary opening of the mouth and inhalation of air due to tiredness or boredom
Example
She couldn't suppress a yawn during the boring lecture.
Elle n'a pas pu réprimer un bâillement pendant la conférence ennuyeuse.
B1 verb /dɪˈspleɪ/

display

afficher
Meaning
to show or exhibit; to present for others to see
Example
The museum displays ancient artifacts.
Le musée affiche des artefacts anciens.
B1 noun, verb /ˈbændɪdʒ/

bandage

bandage
Meaning
a strip of material used to cover or protect a wound; to cover or wrap a wound with such material
Example
The nurse carefully bandaged his injured arm.
L’infirmière a bandagé son bras blessé.
B2 noun /buˈkeɪ/

Bouquet

bouquet de fleurs
Meaning
an attractively arranged bunch of flowers, especially one presented as a gift or carried at a ceremony
Example
The bride carried a beautiful bouquet of white roses down the aisle.
La mariée a porté un magnifique bouquet de roses blanches dans l'allée.
B2 adjective /ɪˈlɪt.ər.ət/

Illiterate

analphabète; illettré; ignorants
Meaning
unable to read or write; lacking education
Example
The program aims to help illiterate adults learn to read and write.
Le programme vise à aider les adultes illettrés à apprendre à lire et à écrire.
C1 noun /liːs/

Lease

bail; contrat de location
Meaning
a contract by which one party conveys land, property, services, etc. to another for a specified time, usually in return for a periodic payment
Example
They signed a two-year lease for the apartment.
Ils ont signé un bail de deux ans pour l'appartement.
C2 noun /ˌdɛspəˈrɑːdoʊ/

desperado

bandit
Meaning
A bold, reckless, or dangerous person, often a criminal.
Example
The sheriff was determined to capture the desperado who terrorized the town.
Le shérif était déterminé à capturer le bandit qui terrorisait la ville.
C2 noun ˈpɑː.stər.ə.lɪ.zəm

pastoralism

pastoralisme, système de pâturage basé sur l'herbe
Meaning
A form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing.
Example
Pastoralism is a traditional way of managing livestock.
Le pastoralisme est une manière traditionnelle de gérer le bétail.
C2 noun /kəˈpriːs/

caprice

caprice
Meaning
a sudden, unpredictable change of mood or behavior
Example
She bought the expensive dress on a caprice.
Elle a acheté la robe chère sur un caprice.
C2 adverb /ˈvɛrɪli/

verily

véritablement
Meaning
truly; certainly; without a doubt
Example
Verily, I say unto you, this is the truth.
Véritablement, je vous le dis, c'est la vérité.
A1 verb /ˈiːtɪŋ/

eating

manger
Meaning
the act of consuming food
Example
They were eating dinner when the phone rang.
Ils étaient en train de manger le dîner lorsque le téléphone a sonné.
C2 noun /ˈbriːzˌweɪ/

breezeway

passage couvert
Meaning
A roofed outdoor passage, often connecting two buildings.
Example
The breezeway connected the house to the garage.
Le passage couvert reliait la maison au garage.
C2 adverb /ˌpɛlˈmɛl/

pell-mell

de manière désordonnée
Meaning
In a confused, rushed, or disorderly manner.
Example
The children ran pell-mell through the playground.
Les enfants ont couru de manière désordonnée à travers la cour de récréation.
A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

collection; ensemble; accumulation
Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
Elle a une impressionnante collection de livres anciens dans sa bibliothèque.
C1 adjective /ɪɡˈzɔːr.bɪ.tənt/

exorbitant

exorbitant
Meaning
Unreasonably high in price or cost; excessive.
Example
The hotel charged an exorbitant price for a basic room.
L'hôtel a facturé un prix exorbitant pour une chambre basique.
B2 noun ˌbaɪ.oʊ.dɪˈvɝː.sə.t̬i

biodiversity

biodiversité
Meaning
The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.
Example
Rainforests are home to immense biodiversity.
Les forêts tropicales abritent une grande biodiversité.
C1 adjective /ˈwaɪ.li/

Wily

rusé; malin; sournois
Meaning
clever; cunning; sly
Example
The wily fox escaped from the trap using his cunning intelligence.
Le renard rusé a échappé au piège en utilisant son intelligence sournoise.
C2 verb /ɪnˈfætʃueɪt/

infatuate

fasciner
Meaning
to inspire with an intense but short-lived passion or admiration
Example
He was infatuated with her beauty.
Il était fasciné par sa beauté.
B2 noun /ʃɪt/

shit

merde
Meaning
a vulgar term for feces or excrement
Example
The dog made a mess by leaving its shit on the floor.
Le chien a causé un désordre en laissant sa merde par terre.
C1 noun /pɪˌdɛs.tri.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

pedestrianization

pédestrianisation
Meaning
Making areas pedestrian-friendly, closing any area to vehicle traffic and making it open only for pedestrians.
Example
The pedestrianization of city centers reduces pollution.
La piétonnisation des centres-villes réduit la pollution.
B1 verb /ter/

tear

déchirer
Meaning
to pull apart or damage by force; to rip
Example
Be careful not to tear the paper.
Soyez prudent de ne pas déchirer le papier.
C1 noun, adjective /ˈɡʊrmeɪ/

gourmet

gourmet
Meaning
A person who appreciates fine food and drink; also refers to high-quality food.
Example
They went to a gourmet restaurant to celebrate their anniversary.
Ils sont allés dans un restaurant gourmet pour célébrer leur anniversaire.
B1 adjective /ˈtɛmpərɛri/

temporary

temporaire
Meaning
Lasting for only a limited period of time; not permanent.
Example
She found a temporary job during the summer break.
Elle a trouvé un travail temporaire pendant les vacances d'été.
B2 noun /dɪˈnɒmɪˌneɪtər/

denominator

dénominateur
Meaning
the number below the line in a fraction; a common factor in a situation
Example
In the fraction 3/4, the number 4 is the denominator.
Dans la fraction 3/4, le nombre 4 est le dénominateur.
B1 verb /rɪd/

rid

se débarrasser
Meaning
to remove or get rid of something
Example
I need to rid the house of all the clutter.
J'ai besoin de débarrasser la maison de tout le désordre.
B2 noun ˈɡaɪd.laɪnz

guidelines

directives
Meaning
Rules or instructions that are given by an official organization telling you how to do something
Example
Guidelines for AI usage are essential.
Les lignes directrices pour l'utilisation de l'IA sont essentielles.
C2 noun (plural) /maɪˈnjuːʃiiː/

minutiae

minuties
Meaning
the small, precise, or trivial details of something
Example
The lawyer focused on the minutiae of the contract.
L'avocat s'est concentré sur les minuties du contrat.
A2 noun /ˈmɪljən/

million

million
Meaning
the number equivalent to one thousand thousand (1,000,000)
Example
The movie earned over a million dollars in its first week.
Le film a gagné plus d'un million de dollars lors de sa première semaine.
B2 noun /ˌɔː.ri.enˈteɪ.ʃən/

orientation

orientation
Meaning
the process of becoming familiar with a new situation or environment
Example
The company provides an orientation for all new employees.
L'entreprise offre une orientation à tous les nouveaux employés.
A1 adjective /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/

boring

ennuyeux
Meaning
not interesting or exciting; dull.
Example
The lecture was so boring that several students fell asleep.
La conférence était tellement ennuyeuse que plusieurs étudiants se sont endormis.
C2 verb /ˌpriːɪˈstæblɪʃ/

preestablish

préalablement établir
Meaning
To establish or set up beforehand.
Example
Certain rules were preestablished before the meeting.
Certaines règles ont été préétablies avant la réunion.
B2 noun /biːk/

Beak

bec
Meaning
the hard pointed part of a bird's mouth
Example
The eagle has a sharp beak for tearing meat.
L'aigle a un bec pointu pour déchirer la viande.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəl/

penitential

pénitent
Meaning
Relating to or expressing penitence or penance.
Example
The priest delivered a penitential sermon on forgiveness.
Le prêtre a donné un sermon pénitent sur le pardon.
B2 verb /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːrs/

reinforce

renforcer
Meaning
To strengthen or support something with additional material, people, or effort.
Example
The teacher used examples to reinforce the lesson.
Le professeur a utilisé des exemples pour renforcer la leçon.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

crédible
Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
Son explication était suffisamment crédible pour convaincre le comité.
C1 verb /proʊˈtrækt/

protract

prolonger
Meaning
To prolong or extend in time or duration.
Example
Negotiations were protracted for several months.
Les négociations ont été prolongées pendant plusieurs mois.
C2 noun /ˌθɜː.məʊˈdʒen.ɪ.sɪs/

thermogenesis

processus de production de chaleur
Meaning
The process of heat production in living organisms, often associated with burning calories and energy expenditure.
Example
Spicy foods can enhance thermogenesis and calorie burning.
Les aliments épicés peuvent améliorer la thermogenèse et la combustion des calories.
C2 noun /fɪˈlɒl.ə.dʒi/

philology

l'étude de la langue dans les sources historiques écrites ; linguistique
Meaning
the study of language in written historical sources; linguistics
Example
She devoted her career to philology, researching ancient manuscripts.
Elle a consacré sa carrière à la philologie, en recherchant des manuscrits anciens.
C2 verb /ɡɜːrd/

gird

ceindre
Meaning
to encircle with a belt or band; to prepare for action
Example
The knight girded his sword before battle.
Le chevalier a ceinturé son épée avant la bataille.
A1 noun /ˈpiːpl/

people

gens
Meaning
a group of human beings collectively
Example
The people in the town gathered for the festival.
Les gens dans la ville se sont rassemblés pour le festival.
C1 noun /kwɑːm/

qualm

doute
Meaning
a feeling of doubt, worry, or fear about something
Example
She had no qualm about speaking her mind.
Elle n'a eu aucun doute en exprimant ce qu'elle pensait.
C1 noun /ˈʌndərˌwɜːrld/

underworld

sous-monde
Meaning
The criminal world of organized crime or the mythical world of the dead.
Example
The detective spent years studying the secrets of the underworld.
Le détective a passé des années à étudier les secrets du sous-monde.
B1 noun /ˈtreʒər/

Treasure

trésor
Meaning
a quantity of precious metals, gems, or other valuable objects; something of great worth or value
Example
The pirates buried their treasure on the island.
Les pirates ont enterré leur trésor sur l'île.
B1 noun /miːnz/

Means

moyens; ressources; méthode;
Meaning
An action or system by which a result is achieved; financial resources
Example
They don't have the means to afford such an expensive vacation.
Ils n'ont pas les moyens de se permettre des vacances aussi chères.
B2 adjective daɪˈvɜːs

diverse

divers
Meaning
Showing a great deal of variety; very different.
Example
Diverse industries enhance economic resilience.
Les industries diversifiées renforcent la résilience économique.
B2 adverb /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋli/

unwillingly

à contrecœur
Meaning
in a way that shows reluctance or lack of desire; not willingly
Example
She unwillingly agreed to attend the meeting.
Elle a accepté à contrecœur d'assister à la réunion.
B1 adjective ˈlɔːŋ.tɜːrm

long-term

à long terme, durable, pérenne
Meaning
Occurring over or involving a relatively long period of time.
Example
Long-term planning is necessary for environmental conservation.
La planification à long terme est nécessaire pour la conservation de l'environnement.
C1 adjective /ˈkæl.əs/

Callous

insensible; cruel; impitoyable
Meaning
showing or having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others; emotionally hardened
Example
He showed a callous disregard for others' feelings.
Il a montré un mépris insensible pour les sentiments des autres.
B1 adverb /ˈðɛərˌfɔr/

Therefore

donc
Meaning
for that reason; consequently
Example
It was raining, therefore we stayed inside.
Il pleuvait, donc nous sommes restés à l'intérieur.
B2 noun /fɔːrt/

Fort

fort
Meaning
a strong building or group of buildings where soldiers live and defend
Example
The ancient fort stood on top of the hill for centuries.
Le vieux fort se dressait au sommet de la colline pendant des siècles.
B1 verb /dɪˈfaɪn/

define

définir
Meaning
to explain the meaning of a word, phrase, or concept clearly
Example
The teacher asked the student to define the word 'democracy'.
Le professeur a demandé à l'élève de définir le mot 'démocratie'.
C2 adjective /ˈflɒrɪd/

florid

excessivement orné / rougeâtre
Meaning
Having a red or flushed complexion; or excessively ornate and intricate.
Example
The speaker’s florid style made the lecture hard to follow.
Le style excessivement orné du conférencier a rendu la conférence difficile à suivre.
C1 adjective /ˈblʌdləs/

bloodless

sans effusion de sang
Meaning
without bloodshed; lacking violence or vitality
Example
The revolution was surprisingly bloodless.
La révolution était étonnamment sans effusion de sang.
B2 noun ˈsɛv.ən ˈwʌn.dərz

Seven Wonders

les sept merveilles
Meaning
The seven most remarkable and famous structures in the world, representing architectural feats and cultural significance.
Example
The Seven Wonders of the world reflect human brilliance.
Les sept merveilles du monde reflètent la brillance humaine.
B2 noun/verb ˈven.tʃər

venture

entreprise risquée, aventure, se lancer
Meaning
A risky or daring journey or undertaking; a business enterprise involving considerable risk.
Example
His new venture into e-commerce proved successful.
Sa nouvelle aventure dans le commerce électronique a réussi.
B2 verb /ˌoʊvərˈloʊd/

overload

surcharger
Meaning
to load with too much weight or cargo; to give too much work or information
Example
Don't overload the washing machine or it might break down.
Ne surchargez pas la machine à laver sinon elle pourrait se casser.
C1 noun /ˈkwæɡˌmaɪər/

quagmire

marécage, impasse
Meaning
a soft, wet area of land that gives way underfoot; a complex or dangerous situation
Example
The hikers were trapped in a political quagmire.
Les randonneurs ont été piégés dans un marécage politique.
B1 noun /ˈkærɪdʒ/

carriage

carrosse
Meaning
a vehicle, typically a four-wheeled one, used for transporting goods or people, especially in the past
Example
The royal family traveled in a beautiful carriage during parades.
La famille royale voyageait dans un beau carrosse pendant les défilés.
B1 verb /ədˈvaɪz/

advise

conseiller
Meaning
to recommend what should be done; to give advice
Example
The doctor advised him to rest for a week.
Le médecin lui a conseillé de se reposer pendant une semaine.
B2 noun /ˈpesɪˌmɪzəm/

pessimism

pessimisme
Meaning
A tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe the worst will happen.
Example
Her constant pessimism made it hard to stay optimistic.
Son pessimisme constant rendait difficile de rester optimiste.
B2 noun /ˌɑːrkiˈɑːlədʒi/

archaeology

archéologie
Meaning
the study of human history and prehistory through excavation and analysis of artifacts, monuments, and other physical remains
Example
She studied archaeology to learn about ancient civilizations.
Elle a étudié l'archéologie pour en savoir plus sur les civilisations anciennes.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛnərəbəl/

Venerable

vénérable; respecté
Meaning
deserving respect due to age, wisdom, or character; revered
Example
The venerable professor has taught at the university for fifty years.
Le vénérable professeur enseigne à l'université depuis cinquante ans.
A2 adverb /ˈkwaɪ.ət.li/

Quietly

silencieusement; calmement
Meaning
without making much noise; silently; in a calm manner
Example
She spoke quietly so she wouldn't wake the baby.
Elle parla doucement pour ne pas réveiller le bébé.
A1 pronoun /ðeɪ/

they

ils
Meaning
used to refer to people or things previously mentioned or easily identified
Example
They are going to the park.
Ils vont au parc.
A2 noun /bɒs/

boss

patron
Meaning
a person who is in charge of a worker, group, or organization
Example
Her boss gave her a new project to complete.
Son patron lui a donné un nouveau projet à réaliser.
C1 noun /ˈɪn.fən.tri/

Infantry

infanterie
Meaning
soldiers marching or fighting on foot; foot soldiers collectively
Example
The infantry advanced across the battlefield on foot.
L'infanterie a avancé à travers le champ de bataille à pied.
B2 noun /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/

partnership

partenariat
Meaning
the state of being a partner or a group of partners
Example
Our partnership has helped both companies grow.
Notre partenariat a aidé les deux entreprises à se développer.
C1 noun /ɪˈvændʒəlɪst/

evangelist

évangéliste
Meaning
A person who seeks to convert others to the Christian faith, especially by public preaching.
Example
The evangelist traveled across the country spreading his message.
L'évangéliste a voyagé à travers le pays en diffusant son message.