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C1 adverb kəmˈpæktli

compactly

compactement
Meaning
In a closely packed or dense manner.
Example
Protons and neutrons are compactly arranged.
Les protons et les neutrons sont disposés de manière compacte.
C1 noun ˈθɜː.məl stres

thermal stress

stress thermique
Meaning
Stress caused by excessive heat that affects plant growth and development.
Example
High thermal stress affects plant growth.
Le stress thermique affecte la croissance des plantes.
C1 adjective /ˈʌndərhænd/

underhand

sournois
Meaning
done secretly and dishonestly; deceitful
Example
The politician was accused of using underhand tactics to win the election.
Le politicien a été accusé d'utiliser des tactiques sournoises pour gagner les élections.
C1 verb /luːt/

loot

piller
Meaning
to steal goods, typically during war, riot, or chaos
Example
The rioters looted several shops during the protest.
Les manifestants ont pillé plusieurs magasins pendant la protestation.
C1 noun /ruːz/

Ruse

ruse; stratagème
Meaning
an action intended to deceive someone; a trick or stratagem
Example
The thief used a clever ruse to distract the guard.
Le voleur a utilisé une ruse astucieuse pour distraire le garde.
C1 noun /ˌpɒməˈdɔːrəʊ/

pomodoro

pomodoro
Meaning
A time management technique that uses a timer to break down work into intervals.
Example
The Pomodoro technique improves productivity.
La technique Pomodoro améliore la productivité.
C1 noun/verb /ˈoʊvərˌhæŋ/

overhang

saillie
Meaning
To extend outward and hang over something; a projecting part.
Example
The roof overhang provides shade in the summer.
Le surplomb fournit de l'ombre en été.
C1 noun/verb /ˈtʌtʃ.ʌp/

touch-up

correction ou petite amélioration
Meaning
Small corrections or improvements made to something.
Example
The artist gave a quick touch-up to the painting.
L'artiste a fait une retouche rapide de la peinture.
C1 noun /ˌdɪs.ɪˈluː.ʒən.mənt/

disillusionment

désillusion
Meaning
A feeling of disappointment resulting from the discovery that something is not as good as one believed it to be.
Example
Many people experience disillusionment after unrealistic expectations.
Beaucoup de gens ressentent de la désillusion après des attentes irréalistes.
C1 noun /ˈbʊzəm/

bosom

poitrine
Meaning
the human chest, especially a woman’s breast; also used metaphorically to refer to closeness or intimacy
Example
She kept the secret close to her bosom.
Elle a gardé le secret près de sa poitrine.
C1 noun stɔːrm ɪnˌtensɪfɪˈkeɪʃən

storm intensification

intensification de la tempête
Meaning
The process by which storms become stronger and more severe in intensity.
Example
Storm intensification is linked to climate change.
L'intensification de la tempête est liée au changement climatique.
C1 noun ɪmˈpɛə(r)mənt

impairment

dommages, handicap
Meaning
The state of being damaged or weakened; a disability or handicap.
Example
Hearing impairment can be caused by long-term exposure to loud noise.
La perte auditive peut être causée par une exposition prolongée à des bruits forts.
C1 adjective /ˌɪrɪˈprɛsəbl̩/

irrepressible

irrépressible
Meaning
Impossible to control or restrain.
Example
She had an irrepressible urge to laugh during the speech.
Elle ne pouvait cacher son irrépressible envie de rire pendant le discours.
C1 noun /ˌɪnkəmˌpætəˈbɪlɪti/

incompatibility

incompatibilité
Meaning
the state of being unable to exist or work together harmoniously; lack of compatibility
Example
The project failed because of incompatibility between the two software systems.
Le projet a échoué à cause de l’incompatibilité entre les deux systèmes logiciels.
C1 noun /ˈhɪpnətɪzəm/

hypnotism

hypnotisme
Meaning
The practice or act of inducing hypnosis.
Example
He studied hypnotism as part of his psychology degree.
Il a étudié l'hypnotisme dans le cadre de son diplôme en psychologie.
C1 verb /ɪmˈploʊd/

implode

imploser
Meaning
To collapse or burst inward violently.
Example
The old building imploded during the demolition.
Le vieux bâtiment a implosé pendant la démolition.
C1 verb /ˈnʌlɪfaɪ/

nullify

annuler
Meaning
to make something legally invalid or ineffective
Example
The court decided to nullify the contract.
Le tribunal a décidé d'annuler le contrat.
C1 noun /ˈmæl.ɪt/

Mallet

maillet
Meaning
a hammer with a large head, typically made of wood
Example
The carpenter used a rubber mallet to avoid damaging the wood.
Le charpentier a utilisé un maillet en caoutchouc pour éviter d'endommager le bois.
C1 verb /raɪð/

writhe

se tordre
Meaning
To twist or squirm in pain or discomfort.
Example
He writhed in pain after twisting his ankle.
Il se tordait de douleur après s'être foulé la cheville.
C1 noun /ˈpɜːrdʒəri/

perjury

parjure
Meaning
The offense of willfully telling an untruth in a court after taking an oath.
Example
She was convicted of perjury after giving false evidence.
Elle a été condamnée pour parjure après avoir donné de faux témoignages.
C1 adjective /ˈdaʊ.ər/

dour

sévère
Meaning
relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance
Example
His dour expression made the meeting uncomfortable.
Son expression sévère rendait la réunion inconfortable.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈweɪ.vər.ɪŋ/

unwavering

inébranlable
Meaning
Steady or resolute; not wavering.
Example
He showed unwavering dedication to his goal.
Il a montré un dévouement inébranlable à son objectif.
C1 adjective /ʃruːd/

Shrewd

astucieux; perspicace; malin
Meaning
having or showing sharp powers of judgment; astute
Example
The shrewd businessman made a profitable deal in the competitive market.
L'homme d'affaires astucieux a conclu un accord rentable sur le marché compétitif.
C1 noun /ˈæŋɡwɪʃ/

anguish

angoisse
Meaning
Severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
Example
She was in deep anguish after hearing the tragic news.
Elle était dans une profonde angoisse après avoir entendu la nouvelle tragique.
C1 noun /iːl/

Eel

anguille
Meaning
a long, snake-like fish that lives in both fresh and salt water
Example
The electric eel can generate powerful electric shocks.
L’anguille électrique peut produire de puissantes décharges électriques.
C1 noun /ˌɪnflɛksɪˈbɪlɪti/

inflexibility

inflexibilité
Meaning
the quality of being rigid or unwilling to change; lack of adaptability
Example
The inflexibility of the rules caused unnecessary delays.
L’inflexibilité des règles a causé des retards inutiles.
C1 noun /ˈmɪd.əl.mæn/

Middleman

intermédiaire
Meaning
A person who acts as an intermediary between two parties in a business transaction
Example
They decided to cut out the middleman and sell directly to customers.
Ils ont décidé de se passer de l'intermédiaire et de vendre directement aux clients.
C1 verb /ˌrɛzəˈrɛkt/

resurrect

ressusciter
Meaning
To bring back to life or revive something from the past.
Example
The director decided to resurrect the old play for a new audience.
Le réalisateur a décidé de ressusciter l'ancienne pièce pour un nouveau public.
C1 verb /mɑːr/

mar

abîmer
Meaning
to spoil or damage the appearance or quality of something
Example
The scratch will mar the beauty of the painting.
La rayure abîmera la beauté de la peinture.
C1 verb /ɪnˈdʒen.dər/

engender

engendrer
Meaning
To cause or give rise to a feeling, situation, or condition.
Example
The speech engendered hope among the people.
Le discours a engendré de l'espoir parmi les gens.
C1 adjective /ˈhɪd.i.əs/

Hideous

hideux; repoussant; affreux
Meaning
extremely ugly or unpleasant; causing shock or disgust
Example
The monster in the movie had a hideous appearance.
Le monstre dans le film avait une apparence hideuse.
C1 noun/verb /ˈbɔɪ/ or /ˈbuːi/

buoy

bouée, maintenir à flot
Meaning
A floating marker on water; to keep something afloat or encourage someone.
Example
The news buoyed their spirits after the loss.
Les nouvelles ont élevé leur esprit après la perte.
C1 noun /ˈrɪpəl/

Ripple

vague
Meaning
a small wave on the surface of water; a spreading effect or influence
Example
The stone created ripples across the calm pond.
La pierre a créé des vagues à la surface du lac calme.
C1 verb /ˈtræŋ.kwɪ.laɪz/

tranquilize

tranquilliser
Meaning
to make someone or something calm or less anxious, often by using drugs
Example
The veterinarian had to tranquilize the tiger before moving it.
Le vétérinaire a dû tranquilliser le tigre avant de le déplacer.
C1 noun /oʊˈbɪt.ʃu.er.i/

Obituary

nécrologie
Meaning
a notice of someone's death published in a newspaper; biographical account of deceased person
Example
The newspaper published his obituary yesterday.
Le journal a publié son nécrologie hier.
C1 verb /rɪˈpʌls/

repulse

repousser / provoquer du dégoût
Meaning
to drive back an attack or attacker by force; to cause intense dislike or disgust
Example
The army managed to repulse the enemy attack.
L'armée a réussi à repousser l'attaque ennemie.
C1 noun /brɛdθ/

breadth

largeur
Meaning
The distance or measurement from side to side; width; a wide range.
Example
The breadth of his knowledge impressed everyone.
La largeur de ses connaissances a impressionné tout le monde.
C1 noun /ˈbʊl.ək/

Bullock

bœuf
Meaning
a young bull; a castrated bull used for farm work
Example
The farmer used a bullock to plow the field.
Le fermier a utilisé un bœuf pour labourer le champ.
C1 adjective /ˈpiːvɪʃ/

peevish

irritable
Meaning
Easily irritated, especially by unimportant things.
Example
The child grew peevish when denied candy.
L'enfant est devenu irritable lorsqu'on lui a refusé des bonbons.
C1 noun /ˈkærət/

karat

carat
Meaning
A unit for measuring the purity of gold, with 24 karats being pure gold.
Example
The ring was made of 18-karat gold.
L'anneau était fait en or 18 carats.
C1 noun ˈmɪl.ɪ.tər.i ɪnˈkɜː.ʃən

military incursion

incursion militaire
Meaning
A sudden armed attack or invasion by military forces into a territory.
Example
The military incursion caused widespread devastation.
L'incursion militaire a causé une dévastation généralisée.
C1 adjective /ɪˈstreɪndʒd/

estranged

éloigné
Meaning
no longer close or affectionate with someone; alienated
Example
She felt estranged from her family after the long dispute.
Elle se sentait éloignée de sa famille après le long différend.
C1 verb /ˈweɪvər/

waver

hésiter
Meaning
to become unsteady or indecisive; to hesitate or shake
Example
She began to waver in her decision to move abroad.
Elle a commencé à hésiter dans sa décision de partir à l'étranger.
C1 noun ˈnɛktər

Nectar

nectar
Meaning
A sweet liquid produced by flowers that serves as food for butterflies.
Example
Butterflies drink nectar from flowers.
Les papillons boivent du nectar des fleurs.
C1 noun /ˌdɛsɪˈmeɪʃən/

decimation

décimation
Meaning
The act of destroying or killing a large proportion of something.
Example
The decimation of the city left thousands homeless.
La décimation de la ville a laissé des milliers de sans-abri.
C1 noun /ˈliːniənsi/

leniency

clémence
Meaning
The quality of being more merciful or tolerant than expected.
Example
The judge showed leniency in his ruling.
Le juge a montré de la clémence dans son jugement.
C1 noun /ɪnˈdɪrmənt/

endearment

mot d'affection
Meaning
A word or phrase expressing affection or love.
Example
She whispered a gentle endearment to her child.
Elle a murmuré un mot d'affection à son enfant.
C1 adjective /ˌkævəˈlɪər/

cavalier

désinvolte
Meaning
showing a lack of proper concern; dismissive or offhand
Example
He had a cavalier attitude toward safety regulations.
Il avait une attitude désinvolte envers les règlements de sécurité.
C1 verb /rɪˈdʒuː.vɪ.neɪt/

rejuvenate

rajeunir
Meaning
To make or feel young, healthy, or energetic again.
Example
A vacation can rejuvenate the mind and body.
des vacances peuvent rajeunir l'esprit et le corps.
C1 verb /ˈskaʊər/

scour

frotter / chercher minutieusement
Meaning
to clean or brighten the surface of something by scrubbing; to search thoroughly
Example
She scoured the kitchen until it shone.
Elle a frotté la cuisine jusqu'à ce qu'elle brille.
C1 noun /dɪˈfɔː.mə.ti/

Deformity

déformation; malformation physique
Meaning
a distorted or unnatural shape or form; physical malformation
Example
The accident caused a permanent deformity in his left hand.
L'accident a causé une déformation permanente dans sa main gauche.
C1 noun /ˌdɜːrməˈtɑːlədʒɪst/

dermatologist

dermatologue
Meaning
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of skin diseases.
Example
She consulted a dermatologist for her skin allergy.
Elle a consulté un dermatologue pour son allergie à la peau.
C1 noun /ˈvæntɪdʒ/

vantage

position avantageuse
Meaning
a position or situation that gives an advantage or a good view
Example
From this vantage, we could see the entire valley.
Depuis ce point de vue, nous pouvions voir toute la vallée.
C1 noun /ˈneɪ.vəl/

Navel

nombril
Meaning
the small hollow in the center of the stomach where the umbilical cord was attached
Example
The baby's navel cord fell off after a week.
Le cordon ombilical du bébé est tombé après une semaine.
C1 noun /rɪˈkɜr.əns/

Recurrence

récurrence
Meaning
the fact of something happening again; an instance of something happening again
Example
The doctor was concerned about the recurrence of the patient's symptoms.
Le médecin était préoccupé par la récurrence des symptômes du patient.
C1 verb /ˈɡloʊbəlaɪz/

globalize

mondialiser
Meaning
to make something worldwide in scope or application; to integrate into a global system
Example
Many companies globalize their operations to reach international markets.
De nombreuses entreprises mondialisent leurs activités pour atteindre des marchés internationaux.
C1 verb /ˈrɪvɪt/

rivet

fixer avec une rivet / capturer l'attention
Meaning
to fasten or secure with a rivet; to hold someone’s attention firmly
Example
The craftsman riveted the metal plates together.
L'artisan a riveté les plaques métalliques ensemble.
C1 noun /ˈdeɪtəm/ or /ˈdætəm/

datum

donnée
Meaning
a single piece of information; a fact used as a basis for reasoning or calculation
Example
Each datum in the survey was carefully analyzed.
Chaque donnée dans l'enquête a été soigneusement analysée.
C1 noun /ˈheɪvən/

haven

havre
Meaning
a safe place or shelter
Example
The library became a haven for students during exams.
La bibliothèque est devenue un havre pour les étudiants pendant les examens.
C1 adjective /ˌʌnəˈfɛktɪd/

unaffected

insensible, naturel
Meaning
Not influenced or touched by something; genuine and natural.
Example
He remained unaffected by the criticism and kept working hard.
Il est resté impassible face à la critique et a continué à travailler dur.
C1 noun /straɪf/

strife

conflit, lutte
Meaning
angry or violent conflict; struggle or discord
Example
The region has been torn apart by political strife.
La région a été déchirée par des conflits politiques.
C1 adjective prəˈtræk.tɪd

protracted

prolongé, long, étendu
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.
Example
The negotiations were protracted over months.
Les négociations ont duré des mois.
C1 noun /ˈtɛnəmənt/

tenement

immeuble locatif
Meaning
a large building divided into separate apartments, often in poor condition
Example
The family lived in a crowded tenement in the city.
La famille vivait dans un tenement bondé en ville.
C1 noun delˈteɪɪk ˈlændskeɪp

deltaic landscape

paysage deltaïque
Meaning
A geographical area formed by sediment deposits at the mouth of a river, creating a triangular land formation.
Example
Bangladesh has a unique deltaic landscape.
Le Bangladesh possède un paysage deltaïque unique.
C1 noun /ˈrɛspɪt/

respite

répit
Meaning
A short period of rest or relief from something difficult or unpleasant.
Example
The weekend provided a welcome respite from work.
Le week-end a offert un répit bienvenu du travail.
C1 adjective /həˈmɑː.dʒə.nəs/

homogenous

homogène
Meaning
Similar or uniform in nature; often used interchangeably with 'homogeneous'.
Example
The class was made up of a homogenous group of students.
La classe était composée d'un groupe homogène d'étudiants.
C1 noun /fɔːrˈkloʊʒər/

foreclosure

saisie immobilière
Meaning
The legal process by which a lender takes control of a property from a borrower who has failed to make payments.
Example
The family lost their home due to foreclosure after missing several mortgage payments.
La famille a perdu sa maison à cause de la saisie immobilière après avoir manqué plusieurs paiements hypothécaires.
C1 verb /ˈheɪsən/

hasten

hâter
Meaning
To move or act quickly; to cause something to happen sooner.
Example
He hastened to finish his work before the deadline.
Il s'est dépêché de finir son travail avant la date limite.
C1 noun /ˌtæm.bəˈriːn/

Tambourine

tambourin
Meaning
a small drum with metal discs around the edge that jingle when shaken or hit
Example
She shook the tambourine to the rhythm of the music.
Elle a secoué le tambourin au rythme de la musique.
C1 noun /ˌɛks.həˈleɪ.ʃən/

exhalation

expiration
Meaning
The action of breathing out.
Example
Slow exhalation calms the nervous system.
Une expiration lente calme le système nerveux.
C1 noun /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/

convoy

convoi
Meaning
a group of vehicles or ships traveling together, often for protection
Example
The military convoy moved through the desert at dawn.
Le convoi militaire a traversé le désert à l'aube.
C1 verb /dɪˈplɔːr/

deplore

déplorer
Meaning
to feel or express strong disapproval of something; to regret deeply
Example
Many people deplore the violence shown on television.
Beaucoup de gens déplorent la violence montrée à la télévision.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɛər/

impair

altérer
Meaning
to weaken or damage something, especially a function or ability
Example
Smoking can impair your lung capacity.
Fumer peut nuire à votre capacité pulmonaire.
C1 adjective /ˈvɛdʒɪtətɪv/

vegetative

relatif à la croissance ou aux processus fondamentaux de la vie
Meaning
relating to growth or the basic processes of life, often without conscious thought or activity
Example
The patient remained in a vegetative state after the accident.
Le patient est resté dans un état végétatif après l'accident.
C1 adjective /ˈflɪmzi/

flimsy

fragile
Meaning
weak, fragile, or lacking in strength; not convincing
Example
The chair was too flimsy to support his weight.
La chaise était trop fragile pour supporter son poids.
C1 adjective /ˈkɒnvɛks/

convex

convexe, arrondi vers l'extérieur
Meaning
curved or rounded outward
Example
The lens has a convex shape to focus light.
La lentille a une forme convexe pour focaliser la lumière.
C1 noun fɔːlt ˈtɒl.ər.əns

fault-tolerance

tolérance aux pannes
Meaning
The ability of a system to continue operating properly in the event of the failure of some of its components.
Example
Fault-tolerance ensures dependable systems.
La tolérance aux pannes assure des systèmes fiables.
C1 noun /trænsˈfjuːʒən/

transfusion

transfusion sanguine
Meaning
the process of transferring blood or another fluid into a person's vein
Example
The patient received a blood transfusion after the accident.
Le patient a reçu une transfusion sanguine après l'accident.
C1 adjective /ˈpɜːrtɪnənt/

pertinent

pertinent
Meaning
Relevant or applicable to a particular matter.
Example
She asked a pertinent question during the meeting.
Elle a posé une question pertinente lors de la réunion.
C1 noun /ˌpɒl.iˈtek.nɪk/

polytechnic

école polytechnique
Meaning
an educational institution offering practical and technical courses
Example
She studied engineering at a well-known polytechnic in her city.
Elle a étudié l'ingénierie dans un polytechnique bien connu de sa ville.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

une falaise escarpée ou un rocher abrupt
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Les randonneurs ont grimpé la falaise escarpée pour atteindre le sommet.
C1 verb /kəˈpɪtjʊˌleɪt/

capitulate

capituler
Meaning
to surrender or give in after resisting
Example
The army had no choice but to capitulate to the enemy.
L'armée n'a eu d'autre choix que de capituler devant l'ennemi.
C1 verb /loʊð/

loathe

détester
Meaning
to feel intense dislike or disgust for
Example
He absolutely loathes being late to meetings.
Il déteste être en retard aux réunions.
C1 adjective /səˈnɔːrəs/

sonorous

son sonore
Meaning
Deep, full, and rich in sound.
Example
The actor's sonorous voice filled the entire theater.
La voix sonore de l'acteur remplissait tout le théâtre.
C1 verb /ˌriː.ɪˈstæblɪʃ/

reestablish

rétablir
Meaning
to set up or restore something again after it has been disrupted
Example
The government worked hard to reestablish peace in the region.
Le gouvernement a travaillé dur pour rétablir la paix dans la région.
C1 noun /ˈrɪdəns/

riddance

libération
Meaning
The action of getting rid of something unwanted or unpleasant.
Example
His departure was considered a welcome riddance by the team.
Son départ a été considéré comme une libération bienvenue par l'équipe.
C1 noun /oʊˈeɪ.sɪs/

Oasis

oasis
Meaning
a fertile spot in a desert where water is found; a pleasant refuge
Example
The travelers found an oasis after days in the desert.
Les voyageurs ont trouvé un oasis après plusieurs jours dans le désert.
C1 noun /ˈɛn.kleɪv/

enclave

enclave
Meaning
a distinct area or group enclosed within a larger one
Example
The city has a small Italian enclave where traditions are preserved.
La ville possède un petit enclave italien où les traditions sont préservées.
C1 adjective /ˈʃeɪm.ləs/

Shameless

impudique
Meaning
having no shame; bold and rude; impudent
Example
The shameless politician refused to apologize for his mistakes.
Le politicien sans honte a refusé de s'excuser pour ses erreurs.
C1 noun /ˈmɛdli/

medley

mélange
Meaning
A mixture of different things, especially musical tunes combined together.
Example
The band played a medley of popular songs.
Le groupe a joué un mélange de chansons populaires.
C1 adverb /ˈɡeɪ.li/

Gaily

joyeusement; gaiement
Meaning
in a cheerful and lively manner
Example
The children danced gaily at the festival.
Les enfants ont dansé joyeusement lors du festival.
C1 noun /ˈmɒn.ə.təʊn/

monotone

monotone
Meaning
A continuous sound, especially of a person's voice, that does not rise and fall in pitch.
Example
The teacher's monotone made the lecture hard to follow.
Le monotone de l'enseignant rendait la conférence difficile à suivre.
C1 noun /ˈlʌləˌbaɪ/

lullaby

berceuse
Meaning
a soothing song sung to help a child fall asleep
Example
She sang a lullaby to her baby every night.
Elle chantait une berceuse à son bébé chaque soir.
C1 noun /ˈkoʊhɔːrts/

cohorts

cohortes
Meaning
Groups of people who share a common feature or experience.
Example
Researchers compared the health outcomes of different cohorts.
Les chercheurs ont comparé les résultats de santé de différents groupes.
C1 noun /ˈsɔːjər/

Sawyer

scieur
Meaning
a person who saws wood, especially as an occupation
Example
The skilled sawyer cut the logs into planks.
Le scieur habile a coupé les bûches en planches.
C1 adjective /ˈfɪs.kəl/

fiscal

fiscal
Meaning
Relating to government revenue, especially taxes, or public money management.
Example
The government introduced new fiscal policies to control inflation.
Le gouvernement a introduit de nouvelles politiques fiscales pour contrôler l'inflation.
C1 noun /ˈwɪŋˌspæn/

wingspan

envergure
Meaning
the distance from the tip of one wing to the tip of the other wing
Example
The eagle has an impressive wingspan of over two meters.
L'aigle a une envergure impressionnante de plus de deux mètres.
C1 verb diːˈsɛn.sɪ.taɪz

desensitize

désensibiliser
Meaning
To make someone less sensitive or reactive to something through repeated exposure.
Example
Constant exposure to violence can desensitize people.
Une exposition constante à la violence peut désensibiliser les gens.
C1 noun /ˈhɛksəˌɡɒn/

hexagon

hexagone
Meaning
A six-sided polygon.
Example
A honeycomb cell is shaped like a hexagon.
Une cellule de ruche est en forme d'hexagone.
C1 adjective /ˈdʒɑː.rɪŋ/

jarring

strident, choquant
Meaning
Striking or shocking in a way that creates a strong contrast or clash.
Example
The sudden loud noise was jarring to everyone in the room.
Le bruit soudain et fort a été choquant pour tous dans la pièce.
C1 adjective /iːsˈθɛθɪkəl/

aesthetical

esthétique
Meaning
concerned with beauty or the appreciation of beauty; related to artistic taste or appearance
Example
The architect focused on the aesthetical balance of the building.
L’architecte s’est concentré sur l’équilibre esthétique du bâtiment.
C1 noun, verb /raʊt/

rout

défaite
Meaning
A decisive defeat; to defeat completely.
Example
The army routed the enemy forces in the battle.
L'armée a complètement vaincu les forces ennemies dans la bataille.
C1 noun /strəˈtiː.dʒɪk ˈɪn.saɪts/

strategic insights

perspectives stratégiques
Meaning
Deep understanding and wisdom gained through careful analysis for planning purposes.
Example
Strategic insights guide policymaking.
Les perspectives stratégiques guident la prise de décision politique.
C1 verb/noun /ˈkrɒn.ɪ.kəl/

chronicle

enregistrer des événements dans l'ordre où ils se sont produits
Meaning
To record events in the order in which they happened; a written record of historical events.
Example
She decided to chronicle her journey through a blog.
Elle a décidé de chroniquer son voyage à travers un blog.
C1 noun dɪˈfleɪʃən

deflation

déflation
Meaning
Reduction of the general level of prices in an economy.
Example
Deflation often leads to decreased consumer spending.
La déflation entraîne souvent une diminution des dépenses des consommateurs.
C1 noun /bəˈtɒn/

baton

bâton / symbole d'autorité
Meaning
A thin stick carried by a conductor to direct an orchestra, or used as a symbol of authority.
Example
The conductor raised his baton to begin the symphony.
Le chef d'orchestre leva son bâton pour commencer la symphonie.
C1 noun /ˌhɑːmənaɪˈzeɪʃən/

harmonization

harmonisation, conciliation
Meaning
The process of making things compatible or consistent with one another.
Example
The harmonization of different policies ensures consistent results.
L'harmonisation des différentes politiques assure des résultats cohérents.
C1 noun /ˌpeɪ.li.ɒnˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

paleontology

paléontologie
Meaning
the branch of science concerned with fossil animals and plants
Example
She decided to study paleontology at university.
Elle a décidé d'étudier la paléontologie à l'université.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/

invasive

invasif
Meaning
Tending to spread harmfully, intruding aggressively, or encroaching beyond proper boundaries.
Example
The doctor explained that the procedure was minimally invasive.
Le médecin a expliqué que la procédure était peu invasive.
C1 verb /kɑːrp/

carp

se plaindre
Meaning
to complain or find fault continually, often about trivial matters
Example
She tends to carp about the smallest inconveniences.
Elle a tendance à se plaindre des plus petites contrariétés.
C1 verb /paʊt/

pout

faire la moue
Meaning
to push one's lips forward as an expression of annoyance or sulkiness
Example
The child began to pout when he didn’t get the toy.
L'enfant a commencé à faire la moue lorsqu'il n'a pas eu le jouet.
C1 verb /ɡraɪp/

gripe

se plaindre
Meaning
to complain about something in an annoying way
Example
He is always griping about the weather.
Il se plaint toujours du temps.
C1 adjective/adverb /əˈmɪs/

amiss

incorrect
Meaning
Not quite right; inappropriate or out of place.
Example
Something seems amiss with the car's engine.
Il semble y avoir quelque chose d'incorrect avec le moteur de la voiture.
C1 verb/noun /skɒtʃ/

scotch

mettre fin à / whisky écossais
Meaning
to put an end to something; also a type of whisky
Example
The report scotched the rumors of a merger.
Le rapport a mis fin aux rumeurs de fusion.
C1 verb /ˈviːtoʊ/

veto

veto
Meaning
to reject or forbid a decision, proposal, or law
Example
The president decided to veto the new bill.
Le président a décidé de mettre son véto sur la nouvelle loi.
C1 noun ˈmetəl kənˌtæməˈneɪʃən

metal contamination

contamination par les métaux
Meaning
The presence of toxic metals in the environment that pose health and environmental risks.
Example
Metal contamination poses severe health risks.
La contamination par les métaux présente de graves risques pour la santé.
C1 verb /ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡl/

disentangle

démêler
Meaning
To free something or someone from a tangle or complication.
Example
She tried to disentangle her hair from the branches.
Elle a essayé de démêler ses cheveux des branches.
C1 noun /ˈfɔːls.hʊd/

Falsehood

fausseté; mensonge
Meaning
the state of being untrue; a lie
Example
The politician was caught spreading falsehoods about his opponent.
Le politicien a été pris en train de répandre des faussetés à propos de son adversaire.
C1 noun /ˈsɔː.dʌst/

sawdust

sciure
Meaning
The tiny particles of wood produced by sawing or sanding.
Example
The floor was covered with sawdust from the carpentry work.
Le sol était couvert de sciure provenant du travail de menuiserie.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɛk.ərd/

checkered

à carreaux
Meaning
Having a pattern of alternating squares of different colors; also describing a past full of ups and downs or varied experiences.
Example
He had a checkered career with many highs and lows.
Il a eu une carrière à carreaux avec de nombreux hauts et bas.
C1 noun /pæŋ/

pang

une douleur aiguë ou un malaise émotionnel soudain
Meaning
a sudden sharp feeling of pain or emotional distress
Example
She felt a pang of guilt after the argument.
Elle a ressenti un pang de culpabilité après la dispute.