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B1 adjective kəˈmɜː.ʃəl

commercial

commercial
Meaning
Concerned with or engaged in commerce; having profit as a primary aim rather than artistic or other value.
Example
Commercial hubs attract investments.
Les centres commerciaux attirent les investissements.
C2 verb /ˈwɪni/

whinny

hennissement
Meaning
to make the high-pitched sound a horse makes
Example
The horse whinnied when it saw its rider.
Le cheval hennit quand il a vu son cavalier.
B1 verb /əˈsɪst/

assist

aider
Meaning
to help or support someone in doing something
Example
The nurse will assist the doctor during the surgery.
L'infirmière assistera le médecin pendant la chirurgie.
C2 verb /ˌmɪskənˈsiːv/

misconceive

mal comprendre
Meaning
To misunderstand or form an incorrect idea about something.
Example
He misconceived the purpose of the project.
Il a mal compris l'objectif du projet.
C1 noun /kuː/

coup

coup d'État
Meaning
a sudden, decisive action that brings about a change, especially in government
Example
The military staged a coup to overthrow the existing regime.
L'armée a organisé un coup d'État pour renverser le régime en place.
A1 noun /ˈhʌzbənd/

husband

mari
Meaning
A married man regarded in relation to his spouse.
Example
Her husband is very supportive of her career.
Son mari est très soutenant de sa carrière.
C1 verb /prɒd/

prod

pousser
Meaning
to poke or push someone or something with a finger, foot, or pointed object
Example
She prodded him in the arm to get his attention.
Elle lui a donné un coup dans le bras pour attirer son attention.
C2 verb /ˈbraʊˌbiːt/

browbeat

intimider / contraindre
Meaning
To intimidate or bully someone into doing something
Example
The lawyer tried to browbeat the witness.
L'avocat a essayé d'intimider le témoin.
B2 noun /ˈtɛkstʃər/

texture

texture
Meaning
the way something feels when you touch it; the quality of a surface or substance
Example
The fabric has a soft and smooth texture.
Le tissu a une texture douce et lisse.
C1 adjective /ˈsliːzi/

sleazy

bas, sale ou de mauvaise qualité
Meaning
morally low, dirty, or cheap in quality
Example
He avoided the sleazy nightclub downtown.
Il a évité le club de nuit sordide en centre-ville.
C1 adjective /ˌæntiˈsleɪvəri/

antislavery

antiesclavagiste
Meaning
Opposed to the practice or system of slavery.
Example
The antislavery movement gained momentum in the 19th century.
Le mouvement antiesclavagiste a gagné en importance au XIXe siècle.
C1 verb /kənˈdʒɛst/

congest

congestionner
Meaning
To block or overcrowd a space, making movement or flow difficult.
Example
Heavy traffic can congest the city streets during rush hour.
Le trafic dense peut congestionner les rues de la ville pendant les heures de pointe.
C1 adjective /ɪkˈsplɔɪtətɪv/

exploitative

exploitant
Meaning
making use of a situation or people unfairly and unethically for one's own advantage
Example
The workers protested against the exploitative practices of the factory.
Les travailleurs ont protesté contre les pratiques exploitantes de l'usine.
C1 verb /ˈræŋɡl̩/

wrangle

disputer
Meaning
to argue or dispute noisily or angrily
Example
The two neighbors wrangled over the property line for hours.
Les deux voisins se sont disputés pendant des heures au sujet de la ligne de propriété.
C1 noun /ˈmʌs.tərd siːdz/

Mustard seeds

graines de moutarde
Meaning
small round seeds from the mustard plant, used as a spice and for making mustard condiment
Example
Mustard seeds are often tempered in hot oil to release their nutty flavor before adding to dishes.
Les graines de moutarde sont souvent tempérées dans de l'huile chaude pour libérer leur saveur de noisette avant d'être ajoutées aux plats.
B1 noun /ˈlaɪ.ər/

Liar

menteur
Meaning
a person who tells lies; someone who does not tell the truth
Example
Nobody trusts him because he is a liar.
Personne ne lui fait confiance parce qu'il est un menteur.
B2 adjective /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/

tropical

tropical
Meaning
Relating to the tropics; characterized by hot and humid climate.
Example
The Amazon rainforest is home to many tropical species.
La forêt amazonienne abrite de nombreuses espèces tropicales.
C1 verb /əˈpɔːl/

appall

choquer
Meaning
To shock or horrify someone with something unpleasant or bad.
Example
The cruelty of the crime appalled the entire community.
La cruauté du crime a choqué toute la communauté.
B2 verb /ˈprɒspər/

prosper

prospérer
Meaning
to succeed or flourish, especially in financial or business matters
Example
With hard work and determination, she managed to prosper in her career.
Avec du travail acharné et de la détermination, elle a réussi à prospérer dans sa carrière.
C1 adjective /ˈtɔːrtʃuəs/

tortuous

tortueux, complexe
Meaning
Full of twists and turns; excessively complex or complicated.
Example
The tortuous mountain road made driving very difficult.
La route tortueuse de montagne rendait la conduite très difficile.
C2 noun /ˈsɒlɪˌsɪzəm/

solecism

solécisme
Meaning
a grammatical mistake in speech or writing; a breach of good manners or etiquette
Example
His speech was full of solecisms and awkward phrases.
Son discours était plein de solécismes et de phrases maladroites.
C2 noun /ˌdɛrɪˈlɪkʃən/

dereliction

négligence
Meaning
the state of being abandoned; neglect of duty
Example
The officer was charged with dereliction of duty.
L'officier a été accusé de négligence dans l'accomplissement de son devoir.
B2 adjective /ʌnprəˈdʌk.tɪv/

Unproductive

improductif; inefficace
Meaning
not achieving much; not producing good results
Example
The meeting was unproductive and wasted everyone's time.
La réunion était improductive et a gaspillé le temps de tout le monde.
A1 noun /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/

thursday

jeudi
Meaning
The fifth day of the week, following Wednesday and preceding Friday.
Example
We have a meeting scheduled for Thursday.
Nous avons une réunion prévue jeudi.
B2 adjective /ˈkʌltʃəd/

cultured

cultivé
Meaning
characterized by refined taste, manners, and education
Example
She is a cultured woman who loves art and literature.
Elle est une femme cultivée qui aime l'art et la littérature.
B2 adjective /əˈtʃiːvəbl/

achievable

réalisable
Meaning
Able to be brought about or reached successfully.
Example
Start with achievable steps to stay motivated.
Commencez par des étapes réalisables pour rester motivé.
A2 adverb /əˈpɑːrt/

Apart

séparément; loin l'un de l'autre; en morceaux
Meaning
separately; away from each other; in pieces
Example
The two buildings are far apart from each other.
Les deux bâtiments sont très éloignés l'un de l'autre.
A2 verb /ˈædɪd/

added

ajouté
Meaning
to join something to something else to increase its size, number, or amount
Example
She added sugar to her coffee.
Elle a ajouté du sucre à son café.
B1 noun /əˈtʃiːvmənt/

achievement

réalisation
Meaning
Something that has been successfully completed or accomplished through effort or skill.
Example
Graduating from university was her greatest achievement.
Obtenir son diplôme universitaire a été sa plus grande réalisation.
B2 noun /ˌɔːltəˈreɪʃən/

alteration

altération
Meaning
a change or modification made to something
Example
The tailor made an alteration to the suit.
Le tailleur a fait une altération au costume.
B1 noun /ˈsɪt.ɪ.zənz/

citizens

citoyens
Meaning
A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth.
Example
Citizens must follow pollution regulations.
Les citoyens doivent respecter les réglementations sur la pollution.
A2 adjective /əˈsliːp/

asleep

endormi
Meaning
in a state of sleep
Example
The baby is fast asleep.
Le bébé est profondément endormi.
B1 noun ˌɪndɪˈpendəns

independence

indépendance
Meaning
The fact or state of being independent; freedom from outside control; not being subject to another's authority.
Example
Independence inspired the movement.
L'indépendance a inspiré le mouvement.
C2 adjective /vɪˈtjuːpərətɪv/

vituperative

vitupératif
Meaning
Characterized by abusive or harsh language.
Example
The teacher’s vituperative remarks left the students in tears.
Les remarques vitupératives du professeur ont laissé les élèves en larmes.
B1 adjective /rɔː/

Raw

cru; non transformé; dans son état naturel; inexpérimenté
Meaning
uncooked; not processed; in natural state; inexperienced
Example
The chef prefers to use raw vegetables in his salads.
Le chef préfère utiliser des légumes crus dans ses salades.
C1 noun /ˈnaɪt.fɔːl/

nightfall

tombe de la nuit
Meaning
the time when night begins; dusk
Example
They decided to return home before nightfall.
Ils ont décidé de rentrer avant la tombée de la nuit.
B1 noun /ˈsɛtɪŋ/

setting

décor
Meaning
the environment or place where something happens
Example
The setting of the movie was a beautiful beach.
Le décor du film était une belle plage.
C1 noun /ˈmælɪs/

Malice

malveillance; rancune; hostilité;
Meaning
The intention or desire to do evil; ill will
Example
There was no malice in his criticism, just honest feedback.
Il n'y avait aucune malice dans sa critique, juste des commentaires honnêtes.
B1 noun /ɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

instructions

instructions
Meaning
Detailed information on how something should be done or operated.
Example
Please follow the instructions on the box.
Veuillez suivre les instructions sur la boîte.
C1 adjective /ʌnˈsɜːrvɪsəbəl/

Unserviceable

hors service; défectueux
Meaning
not in working order; unable to be used; defective
Example
The old computer became unserviceable after the system crash.
L'ancien ordinateur est devenu hors service après la panne du système.
C2 adjective /ˈdʒɜːrmɪnəl/

germinal

germinal
Meaning
Relating to the earliest stage of development.
Example
The idea was still in its germinal stage.
L'idée était encore à son stade germinal.
C1 adjective, noun /ɔːɡˈzɪliəri/

auxiliary

auxiliaire
Meaning
(adjective) providing supplementary or additional help and support; (noun) a person or thing that provides auxiliary support
Example
The hospital has an auxiliary power generator in case of emergencies.
L'hôpital dispose d'un générateur de secours en cas d'urgence.
C1 noun /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/

Inertia

inertie; manque d'activité
Meaning
a tendency to do nothing or remain unchanged; lack of activity or movement
Example
The team's inertia prevented them from adapting to the rapidly changing market conditions.
L'inertie de l'équipe les a empêchés de s'adapter aux conditions du marché en évolution rapide.
C1 verb /dɛlv/

delve

approfondir
Meaning
To investigate deeply; to dig into a subject or area.
Example
The researcher delved into ancient manuscripts to find clues.
Le chercheur a approfondi les manuscrits anciens pour trouver des indices.
C1 noun/adjective /ˈmɒnəkrəʊm/

monochrome

monochrome
Meaning
A photograph, painting, or screen image in black and white or varying tones of one color.
Example
The old film was shot entirely in monochrome.
Le vieux film a été tourné entièrement en monochrome.
B2 noun /ɡlɪmps/

Glimpse

aperçu momentané;
Meaning
a momentary or partial view; a brief look or sight of something
Example
Through the window, I caught a glimpse of the beautiful garden behind the house.
À travers la fenêtre, j'ai aperçu le beau jardin derrière la maison.
C1 noun /ˈʌp.rɔːr/

Uproar

tumulte; agitation; bruit
Meaning
a loud and emotional noise or disturbance; public outcry
Example
The announcement caused an uproar among the students.
L'annonce a provoqué un tumulte parmi les étudiants.
C1 noun, verb /ˌprɒməˈneɪd/

promenade

promenade
Meaning
A leisurely walk or stroll, especially in a public place for pleasure or display.
Example
They went for a promenade along the seaside.
Ils sont allés faire une promenade le long de la mer.
C1 adjective /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/

impending

imminent
Meaning
about to happen soon, usually something unpleasant or threatening
Example
The villagers were worried about the impending flood.
Les villageois étaient inquiets de l'inondation imminente.
A2 verb ˈsɛləbreɪtɪŋ

celebrating

célébrer
Meaning
The act of acknowledging a significant or happy day or event with a social gathering or enjoyable activity.
Example
Celebrating awareness days helps spread important messages.
Célébrer les journées de sensibilisation aide à diffuser des messages importants.
B1 verb /ˈkɒntrækt/

contract

contracter
Meaning
to make smaller; to enter into a formal agreement
Example
The company will contract a new supplier for materials.
L'entreprise va conclure un nouveau contrat avec un nouveau fournisseur pour les matériaux.
C2 adjective /ˈsɪmiən/

simian

simien
Meaning
Relating to, resembling, or affecting apes or monkeys.
Example
The scientist studied the simian behavior of the chimpanzees.
Le scientifique a étudié le comportement simien des chimpanzés.
C1 verb /ˌʌndərˈsɛl/

undersell

vendre à un prix inférieur
Meaning
to sell something at a lower price than competitors or to downplay the value of something
Example
The shop undersold its rivals by offering huge discounts.
Le magasin a vendu à ses rivaux à un prix inférieur en offrant de grosses réductions.
A1 adjective /nɛkst/

next

suivant
Meaning
immediately following in time, order, or place
Example
The next train leaves at 9:00 AM.
Le prochain train part à 9h00.
B2 noun /tækˈseɪʃən/

taxation

taxation
Meaning
The system of imposing and collecting taxes.
Example
Taxation is necessary for funding public services.
La taxation est nécessaire pour financer les services publics.
B1 noun /lɔːn/

Lawn

pelouse
Meaning
an area of short, regularly mown grass in the grounds of a house or in a park
Example
She waters the lawn every morning.
Elle arrose la pelouse chaque matin.
B2 adjective /ˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/

Advantageous

avantageux; favorable; rentable
Meaning
beneficial; favorable; profitable
Example
This position offers advantageous opportunities for career growth.
Ce poste offre des opportunités avantageuses pour la croissance de carrière.
B2 noun /dɪsˈɡreɪs/

Disgrace

déshonneur; humiliation; honte
Meaning
loss of reputation or respect as the result of a dishonorable action; a shameful situation
Example
His arrest brought disgrace upon his entire family and reputation.
Son arrestation a porté le déshonneur sur toute sa famille et sa réputation.
C1 verb /ɪmˈpɒvərɪʃ/

impoverish

appauvrir
Meaning
To make someone poor or reduce the quality or richness of something.
Example
The long war impoverished the entire nation.
La longue guerre a appauvri toute la nation.
B2 noun /reɪˈʒiːm/

regime

régime
Meaning
a system or form of government, often authoritarian
Example
The military regime controlled the country for decades.
Le régime militaire a contrôlé le pays pendant des décennies.
B2 adverb /ˈred.ɪ.li/

Readily

volontiers; facilement; sans hésitation
Meaning
willingly; easily; without hesitation
Example
She readily agreed to help with the project.
Elle a accepté volontiers de l'aider avec le projet.
C2 noun /ˈzɛfər/

zephyr

brise douce
Meaning
A soft gentle breeze.
Example
A warm zephyr blew through the valley.
Une brise douce soufflait à travers la vallée.
C1 noun /ˈten.jər/

Tenure

mandat
Meaning
the period of time during which someone holds an office or position
Example
During his tenure as CEO, the company expanded globally.
Pendant son mandat en tant que PDG, l'entreprise s'est étendue à l'échelle mondiale.
B1 adjective /əˈfɪʃəl/

official

officiel
Meaning
relating to or connected with an authority or public office
Example
He is the official spokesperson for the company.
Il est le porte-parole officiel de l'entreprise.
B2 adjective /ɪˈmjuːn/

immune

immunisé
Meaning
protected from disease or from the effects of something
Example
Children who are vaccinated are immune to many diseases.
Les enfants vaccinés sont immunisés contre de nombreuses maladies.
B2 noun ˈhæbɪtæt lɒs

Habitat Loss

perte de l'habitat
Meaning
The destruction or disappearance of natural environments where organisms live.
Example
Habitat loss is one of the biggest threats to butterflies.
La perte d'habitat est l'une des plus grandes menaces pour les papillons.
A2 noun /ˈhɑː.bi/

Hobby

loisir; activité récréative; passe-temps
Meaning
an activity done regularly in one's leisure time for pleasure; a pastime or recreation
Example
Photography became her favorite hobby after she received a camera for her birthday.
La photographie est devenue son hobby préféré après avoir reçu un appareil photo pour son anniversaire.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈvɑːlənˌtɛri/

involuntary

involontaire
Meaning
done without will or conscious control
Example
He gave an involuntary shiver when he heard the loud noise.
Il a eu un frisson involontaire lorsqu'il a entendu le bruit fort.
C1 noun /ɪˈmiːdiəsi/

immediacy

immédiateté, urgence
Meaning
The quality of bringing one into direct and instant involvement with something, giving rise to a sense of urgency or excitement.
Example
The immediacy of digital communication has reshaped business operations.
L'immédiateté de la communication numérique a transformé les opérations commerciales.
B1 adjective /sɪˈlek.tɪd/

selected

sélectionné
Meaning
carefully chosen from a group for a particular purpose
Example
He was one of the selected candidates for the scholarship.
Il était l'un des candidats sélectionnés pour la bourse.
A1 noun /ˈɡrændˌfɑːðər/

grandfather

grand-père
Meaning
the father of one's father or mother
Example
My grandfather tells us stories every evening.
Mon grand-père nous raconte des histoires tous les soirs.
C1 noun /ˈɛdɪfɪs/

edifice

bâtiment
Meaning
A large, impressive building or structure.
Example
The museum is an impressive edifice in the city center.
Le musée est un bâtiment impressionnant au centre-ville.
A2 adjective /ˈnɪəˌbaɪ/

nearby

à proximité
Meaning
close to a particular place or person
Example
The nearest gas station is nearby.
La station-service la plus proche est à proximité.
C1 verb /ˈrek.ən.saɪl/

reconcile

réconcilier, harmoniser, faire la paix
Meaning
Restore friendly relations between; cause to coexist in harmony.
Example
They tried to reconcile their differences through open communication.
Ils ont essayé de réconcilier leurs différends par une communication ouverte.
B2 noun

Patriot

patriote
C1 noun /krɛst/

crest

crête
Meaning
the top of a hill, wave, or mountain; a symbol of identity
Example
The hikers reached the crest of the mountain at sunrise.
Les randonneurs ont atteint le sommet de la montagne au lever du soleil.
A2 verb /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue

continuer
Meaning
To keep happening, existing, or doing something without stopping.
Example
The rain will continue throughout the night.
La pluie continuera toute la nuit.
C1 adjective /ˈkælkjʊleɪtɪŋ/

calculating

calculateur
Meaning
acting in a scheming and ruthlessly determined way
Example
He had a cold and calculating approach to business.
Il avait une approche froide et calculatrice des affaires.
C1 noun /deɪˈbɑː.kəl/

debacle

débâcle
Meaning
A sudden and ignominious failure; a fiasco.
Example
The company's poor management led to a financial debacle.
La mauvaise gestion de l'entreprise a conduit à un débâcle financier.
B2 noun /ˈhɑːt.biːt/

heartbeat

battement du cœur
Meaning
A pulsation of the heart, especially as perceptible to the touch or audible with a stethoscope.
Example
Rubbing the eyes helps normalize the heartbeat.
Frotter les yeux aide à normaliser le battement du cœur.
C2 verb /ˈæmərˌtaɪz/

amortize

amortir
Meaning
To gradually reduce or pay off a debt with regular payments.
Example
They plan to amortize the mortgage over 20 years.
Ils prévoient d'amortir l'hypothèque sur 20 ans.
A1 noun /frɛnd/

friend

ami
Meaning
a person with whom one has a bond of mutual affection
Example
He is my best friend.
Il est mon meilleur ami.
C2 verb /ˈfɒn.dəl/

fondle

caresser
Meaning
To stroke or caress lovingly or gently.
Example
She fondled the kitten gently in her lap.
Elle caressait doucement le chaton dans ses bras.
C1 adjective /rɪˈmiːdiəl/

Remedial

correctif; réparateur; curatif;
Meaning
intended as a remedy; corrective; providing a cure;
Example
The students need remedial classes to improve their math skills.
Les étudiants ont besoin de cours de rattrapage pour améliorer leurs compétences en mathématiques.
C1 adjective /stɔːntʃ/

staunch

ferme, fidèle
Meaning
Loyal, committed, and firm in support.
Example
She is a staunch supporter of environmental protection.
Elle est une défenseure ferme de la protection de l'environnement.
C1 noun /ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns/

incompetence

incompétence
Meaning
Lack of ability, skill, or effectiveness in doing something.
Example
The project failed due to the manager’s incompetence.
Le projet a échoué à cause de l'incompétence du manager.
A1 pronoun /juː/

you

tu
Meaning
used to refer to the person or people being spoken to
Example
You are doing a great job!
Tu fais un excellent travail!
C1 noun /pɔl/

Pall

tissu placé sur un cercueil; un couvre-chef sombre qui crée une atmosphère lugubre
Meaning
a cloth spread over a coffin; a dark covering that creates a gloomy atmosphere
Example
A pall of smoke hung over the burning building.
Un voile de fumée flottait au-dessus du bâtiment en feu.
A1 verb /muːv/

move

déplacer
Meaning
to change position; to go from one place to another; to relocate
Example
They decided to move to a bigger house.
Ils ont décidé de déménager dans une maison plus grande.
C2 noun /ˈkɒntrəriz/

contraries

choses opposées
Meaning
things that are completely different or opposite to each other
Example
Freedom and slavery are contraries in every sense.
La liberté et l'esclavage sont des contraires dans tous les sens.
C1 noun /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/

foot-note

note de bas de page
Meaning
A note of reference, explanation, or comment placed at the bottom of a page.
Example
The author included a foot-note to explain the historical context.
L'auteur a inclus une note de bas de page pour expliquer le contexte historique.
B2 adjective /ˈtruːθ.fəl/

Truthful

véridique
Meaning
telling or expressing the truth; honest and sincere
Example
She was always truthful in her answers during the interview.
Elle a toujours été sincère dans ses réponses lors de l'entretien.
C1 adjective /ɪnˈɔːdəbl/

inaudible

inaudible
Meaning
Unable to be heard.
Example
Her voice was almost inaudible over the noise.
Sa voix était presque inaudible par-dessus le bruit.
A2 verb /kənˈteɪn/

contain

contenir
Meaning
to have or include within; to restrain or control
Example
This box contains important documents.
Cette boîte contient des documents importants.
C2 adjective /ˈræfɪʃ/

raffish

non conventionnel et légèrement discrédité mais attrayant
Meaning
unconventional and slightly disreputable but attractive
Example
He had a raffish charm that made him popular in the city.
Il avait un charme raffish qui le rendait populaire dans la ville.
B2 noun /ˌsoʊsiˈɑːlədʒi/

sociology

sociologie
Meaning
the study of society, human relationships, and social institutions
Example
She is studying sociology at university.
Elle étudie la sociologie à l'université.
C1 noun /ˈiːzl̩/

easel

support pour toile
Meaning
a frame for supporting an artist's canvas while painting or drawing
Example
The artist placed the canvas on the easel before starting to paint.
L'artiste a placé la toile sur le chevalet avant de commencer à peindre.
B1 noun /paɪp/

pipe

tuyau
Meaning
a tube used for conveying liquids or gases
Example
The plumber fixed the broken pipe.
Le plombier a réparé le tuyau cassé.
C1 noun /ˌvɜːbəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

verbalization

verbalisation
Meaning
The action of expressing something in words.
Example
The verbalization of his thoughts was clear and direct.
La verbalisation de ses pensées était claire et directe.
A1 adverb /əˈɡen/

Again

encore
Meaning
once more; another time; in addition
Example
I need to read this book again to understand it better.
Je dois relire ce livre encore une fois pour mieux le comprendre.
B1 adverb /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

Occasionally

occasionnellement; de temps en temps;
Meaning
sometimes; from time to time; not regularly
Example
I occasionally visit my grandmother on weekends.
Je rends visite à ma grand-mère occasionnellement le week-end.
B1 adjective /ʌnˈkaʊntəbəl/

Uncountable

innombrable; infini
Meaning
too many to be counted; innumerable; infinite in quantity
Example
There are uncountable stars in the night sky.
Il y a des étoiles innombrables dans le ciel nocturne.
B2 noun/verb /ˌoʊvərˈlæp/

overlap

chevauchement
Meaning
To extend over and cover partly; an area where things coincide.
Example
The two meetings overlap by an hour.
Les deux réunions se chevauchent d'une heure.
C1 noun /vərˈnækjələr/

vernacular

langue vernaculaire
Meaning
the language or dialect spoken by ordinary people in a particular region
Example
He gave his speech in the local vernacular so everyone could understand.
Il a donné son discours dans la langue vernaculaire locale afin que tout le monde puisse comprendre.
C1 noun /ʌpˈhiːvəl/

upheaval

bouleversement
Meaning
a violent or sudden change or disruption to something
Example
The company faced a major upheaval after the sudden resignation of its CEO.
L'entreprise a connu un grand bouleversement après la démission soudaine de son PDG.
B1 noun /tɔːrtʃ/

Torch

torche; lampe de poche
Meaning
a portable electric lamp powered by batteries; a flaming stick used for light
Example
Use the torch to find your way in the dark.
Utilisez la torche pour vous reperez dans le noir.
A2 verb /rɪˈtɜːrn/

return

retourner
Meaning
to come or go back to a place; to give back
Example
I will return home tomorrow.
Je reviendrai à la maison demain.
B2 verb /ˈrɛkən/

reckon

supposer
Meaning
To think, believe, or expect something; to calculate or estimate.
Example
I reckon it will rain later today.
Je pense qu'il va pleuvoir plus tard aujourd'hui.
B2 verb /sniːk/

sneak

se faufiler
Meaning
to move quietly and secretly to avoid being noticed
Example
He tried to sneak into the house without waking anyone.
Il a essayé de se faufiler dans la maison sans réveiller personne.
B2 noun /dæm/

Dam

barrage; réservoir;
Meaning
a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level; a female parent of an animal
Example
The massive dam provides electricity and controls flooding in the region.
Le grand barrage fournit de l'électricité et contrôle les inondations dans la région.
C2 verb /ˈlɛvɪteɪt/

levitate

léviter
Meaning
to rise or float in the air, usually without visible support.
Example
The magician made the table levitate during the show.
Le magicien a fait léviter la table pendant le spectacle.
B2 noun /ˈkɒmpɪtəns/

competence

compétence
Meaning
the ability to do something successfully or efficiently
Example
Her competence as a manager impressed the board.
Sa compétence en tant que gestionnaire a impressionné le conseil.
B2 noun /ˈʃepərd/

Shepherd

berger
Meaning
a person who tends and guards sheep
Example
The shepherd guided his flock to the green pasture.
Le berger guida son troupeau vers le pâturage vert.
C2 noun /ˈkwaɪəˌtuːd/

quietude

quiétude
Meaning
A state of stillness and tranquility.
Example
She enjoys the quietude of the countryside.
Elle profite de la quiétude de la campagne.
C1 noun əˈblɪv.i.ən

oblivion

oubli, destruction, disparition
Meaning
The state of being unaware or unconscious of what is happening; complete forgetfulness.
Example
His name faded into oblivion over time.
Son nom s'est effacé dans l'oubli au fil du temps.
C1 noun /ɪnˈækjʊrəsi/

inaccuracy

inexactitude
Meaning
lack of accuracy or precision; an incorrect or wrong detail
Example
The report contained several factual inaccuracies.
Le rapport contenait plusieurs inexactitudes.
B1 verb /breɪk/

brake

freiner
Meaning
to slow down or stop a vehicle by applying a brake
Example
He braked suddenly to avoid hitting the dog.
Il a freiné soudainement pour éviter de heurter le chien.
C2 adjective /ˌpɛstɪˈlɛnʃəl/

pestilential

pestilentiel
Meaning
Relating to or causing pestilence; very harmful, troublesome, or dangerous.
Example
The pestilential smell of the garbage filled the street.
L'odeur pestilentielle de la poubelle a rempli la rue.
B1 adjective /ˈdʒɛnərəs/

generous

généreux
Meaning
willing to give or share more than is necessary; kind and giving
Example
She is very generous with her time and money.
Elle est très généreuse avec son temps et son argent.
B2 noun /dɪsˈɡʌst/

Disgust

dégoût
Meaning
a feeling of revulsion or strong disapproval aroused by something unpleasant
Example
She expressed her disgust at the politician's corrupt behavior openly.
Elle a exprimé son dégoût pour le comportement corrompu du politicien ouvertement.
B2 adverb /wɛərˈbaɪ/

whereby

par lequel
Meaning
by which; because of which
Example
The company agreed to a contract whereby it would pay the penalty.
L'entreprise a accepté un contrat par lequel elle paierait la pénalité.