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A2 noun /kəˈlek.ʃən/

Collection

collection; ensemble; accumulation
Meaning
a group of objects gathered together; the action or process of collecting
Example
She has an impressive collection of vintage books in her library.
Elle a une impressionnante collection de livres anciens dans sa bibliothèque.
B2 noun /kraɪˈtɪəriə/

criteria

critère
Meaning
Standards or principles by which something is judged or decided.
Example
The candidates were evaluated based on strict criteria.
Les candidats ont été évalués en fonction de critères stricts.
B2 noun kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən

contamination

contamination
Meaning
The process of making something less pure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance.
Example
Contamination of air leads to health issues.
La contamination de l'air cause des problèmes de santé.
C2 noun ˌsɜːkəmˈspekʃən

circumspection

prudence, éviter les risques
Meaning
The quality of being wary and unwilling to take risks; prudence.
Example
His circumspection ensured no mistakes were made.
Sa prudence a garanti qu'aucune erreur n'a été commise.
B1 noun /kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən/

communication

communication
Meaning
The act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc.
Example
Effective communication is crucial for any successful project.
La communication efficace est cruciale pour tout projet réussi.
C2 noun /ˈkælvəri/

calvary

calvaire
Meaning
A place or experience of intense suffering, originally the site of Jesus’s crucifixion.
Example
For many refugees, the journey across the desert was a calvary.
Pour de nombreux réfugiés, le voyage à travers le désert fut un calvaire.
C2 adjective /kəˈrɛlətɪv/

correlative

corrélatif
Meaning
having a mutual relationship; corresponding
Example
The increase in temperature is correlative with the melting of glaciers.
L'augmentation de la température est corrélative à la fonte des glaciers.
B2 noun kənˈtrækʃən

contraction

contraction
Meaning
The process of becoming smaller; a decrease in size or quantity.
Example
The economic contraction resulted in a rise in unemployment.
La contraction économique a entraîné une augmentation du chômage.
C2 noun /ˈsɪɡnət/

cygnet

cygneon
Meaning
a young swan
Example
The cygnet swam closely behind its mother.
Le cygneon nageait juste derrière sa mère.
A2 verb /kəmˈpleɪn/

complain

se plaindre
Meaning
to express dissatisfaction or annoyance about something
Example
He often complains about the noise in the neighborhood.
Il se plaint souvent du bruit dans le quartier.
B1 noun/verb /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/

compliment

compliment
Meaning
a polite expression of praise or admiration; to politely praise someone
Example
She complimented him on his excellent presentation.
Elle lui a fait un compliment sur sa présentation excellente.
B1 noun /ˈkʊkər/

cooker

cuisinière; cuiseur
Meaning
a device or appliance used for cooking food; a person or thing that cooks
Example
The rice cooker makes cooking meals much easier.
Le cuiseur à riz rend la cuisine plus facile.
C1 noun /ˈkɒnfɪdænt/

confidant

confident
Meaning
A person with whom one shares a secret or private matter, trusting them not to repeat it.
Example
She found a true confidant in her childhood friend.
Elle a trouvé un vrai confident dans son ami d'enfance.
C1 noun /ˈkroʊ.bɑːr/

Crowbar

pied-de-biche
Meaning
a heavy iron bar with a curved end used as a lever for prying things apart
Example
He used a crowbar to remove the old nails.
Il a utilisé un pied-de-biche pour retirer les vieux clous.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.əˈsɜːr/

connoisseur

connaisseur
Meaning
an expert judge in matters of taste, especially in food, art, or wine
Example
She is a true connoisseur of fine art.
Elle est une véritable connaisseuse de l'art.
C1 verb /siːd/

cede

ceder
Meaning
to give up power, territory, or rights to another
Example
The country ceded territory after losing the war.
Le pays a cédé du territoire après avoir perdu la guerre.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃaɪld.laɪk/

Childlike

enfantin; innocent et confiant; pur et simple
Meaning
innocent and trusting like a child; having the good qualities of a child; pure and simple
Example
She maintained a childlike wonder about the world around her.
Elle a conservé une étonnement enfantin pour le monde autour d'elle.
A2 noun /ˈkʌm.fərt/

Comfort

confort; commodité
Meaning
a state of physical ease and freedom from pain or constraint; relief from distress or anxiety
Example
The soft sofa provided great comfort after a long day at work.
Le canapé doux a apporté un grand confort après une longue journée de travail.
C1 verb /tʃæsˈtaɪz/

chastise

critiquer sévèrement / punir sévèrement
Meaning
to criticize or punish severely
Example
The teacher chastised the student for being late.
Le professeur a sévèrement réprimandé l'étudiant pour son retard.
B1 adjective /kənˈtɪn.ju.əs/

continuous

continu
Meaning
forming an unbroken whole; without interruption
Example
The factory operates on a continuous 24-hour schedule.
L'usine fonctionne selon un emploi du temps continu de 24 heures.
B1 noun /ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən/

cancellation

annulation
Meaning
the act of stopping something that was planned or scheduled; the act of nullifying or invalidating something
Example
The airline announced the cancellation of several flights due to bad weather.
La compagnie a annoncé l’annulation de plusieurs vols.
B1 noun /ˈkriːtʃər/

creature

créature
Meaning
A living being, especially an animal.
Example
The forest is full of strange creatures.
La forêt est pleine de créatures étranges.
C1 noun /kræɡ/

crag

une falaise escarpée ou un rocher abrupt
Meaning
a steep or rugged cliff or rock face
Example
The hikers climbed the jagged crag to reach the summit.
Les randonneurs ont grimpé la falaise escarpée pour atteindre le sommet.
B2 adjective /kənˈsek.jə.tɪv/

Consecutive

consécutif
Meaning
following each other in uninterrupted succession; sequential
Example
She won three consecutive matches in the tournament.
Elle a gagné trois matchs consécutifs dans le tournoi.
C1 noun /kɑːɡ/

cog

dent de roue ou d'engrenage
Meaning
A tooth on the rim of a wheel or gear; metaphorically, a minor but necessary part of a larger system.
Example
He felt like just a small cog in a big machine.
Il se sentait comme un petit rouage dans une grande machine.
A2 adjective /kənˈsɜːnd/

concerned

préoccupé
Meaning
worried or anxious about something; involved or interested in something
Example
She was concerned about her mother's health.
Elle était préoccupée par la santé de sa mère.
B1 noun /ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/

contribution

contribution
Meaning
A gift or payment to a common fund or collection.
Example
His contribution to the project was vital.
Sa contribution au projet a été vitale.
B2 noun /kənˈspɪrəsi/

conspiracy

conspiration
Meaning
A secret plan by a group to do something unlawful or harmful.
Example
The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
La police a découvert une conspiration pour renverser le gouvernement.
A1 noun /ˈkʌl.ər/

Colour

couleur
Meaning
the property possessed by an object of producing different sensations on the eye as a result of the way it reflects light; hue, tint, shade
Example
What is your favorite colour for painting the bedroom walls?
Quelle est ta couleur préférée pour peindre les murs de la chambre ?
C2 verb /ˈkæstreɪt/

castrate

castrer
Meaning
To remove the testicles of a male animal or human.
Example
The farmer castrated the young bulls to make them easier to manage.
L'agriculteur a castré les jeunes taureaux pour les rendre plus faciles à gérer.
B2 verb /klæʃ/

clash

collision
Meaning
to come into conflict or collision with something or someone.
Example
The two cars clashed in the intersection.
Les deux voitures se sont percutées à l'intersection.
C1 noun /ˈsɪ.nɪk/

Cynic

cynique; personne sceptique
Meaning
a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest; someone who is skeptical about human nature
Example
The old cynic believed that politicians only cared about getting votes.
Le vieux cynique croyait que les politiciens ne se souciaient que d'obtenir des voix.
C1 noun /ˈkʌvənənt/

covenant

contrat
Meaning
a formal agreement or promise, often legally binding
Example
The landlord and tenant signed a covenant to maintain the property.
Le propriétaire et le locataire ont signé un contrat pour maintenir la propriété.
A2 noun /kɔːrs/

course

cours, chemin ou ensemble de leçons éducatives
Meaning
a direction, path, or a set of educational lessons
Example
She enrolled in a computer science course.
Elle s'est inscrite à un cours de sciences informatiques.
C1 verb /ˌkɒm.pɑːtˈmen.təl.aɪz/

compartmentalize

compartimenter
Meaning
To divide into sections or categories; to separate things into compartments.
Example
To increase efficiency, he compartmentalized his work tasks.
Pour augmenter l'efficacité, il a compartimenté ses tâches de travail.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɛd.ɪ.bəl/

credible

crédible
Meaning
able to be believed; convincing
Example
Her explanation was credible enough to convince the committee.
Son explication était suffisamment crédible pour convaincre le comité.
B2 noun /kəˈroʊnə/

corona

une couronne ou une structure en forme de couronne; se réfère également à l'atmosphère extérieure du soleil
Meaning
a crown or crown-like structure; also refers to the outer atmosphere of the sun
Example
The sun's corona was visible during the total solar eclipse.
La couronne du soleil était visible pendant l'éclipse solaire totale.
B2 adjective ˌkɑː.bən ˈnjuː.trəl

carbon-neutral

carbone neutre
Meaning
Having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere; not adding to overall carbon emissions.
Example
The company aims to be carbon-neutral by 2030.
L'entreprise vise à être carbone neutre d'ici 2030.
C2 noun /kəˈpriːs/

caprice

caprice
Meaning
a sudden, unpredictable change of mood or behavior
Example
She bought the expensive dress on a caprice.
Elle a acheté la robe chère sur un caprice.
C2 noun /ˈkɒn.kɔːd/

concord

accord ou harmonie
Meaning
Agreement or harmony between people or groups.
Example
The leaders worked towards international concord.
Les dirigeants ont travaillé pour la concorde internationale.
B2 adjective /ˈtʃuː.zi/

Choosey/Choosy

exigeant; très sélectif; particulier sur ce qu'il aime ou accepte
Meaning
very careful in choosing; selective; particular about what one likes or accepts
Example
He's very choosy about the restaurants where he eats.
Il est très exigeant avec les restaurants où il mange.
A2 noun /kɔɪnz/

coins

pièces de monnaie
Meaning
Flat, typically round pieces of metal issued by a government as money.
Example
He collected old coins from different countries.
Il a collecté des pièces de monnaie anciennes provenant de différents pays.
B1 noun /tʃest/

Chest

poitrine; coffre
Meaning
the front surface of a person's or animal's body between the neck and abdomen; a large strong box
Example
The doctor listened to his chest with a stethoscope.
Le médecin a écouté sa poitrine avec un stéthoscope.
C1 verb /kənˈdʒɛst/

congest

congestionner
Meaning
To block or overcrowd a space, making movement or flow difficult.
Example
Heavy traffic can congest the city streets during rush hour.
Le trafic dense peut congestionner les rues de la ville pendant les heures de pointe.
C2 noun /kəˌmɒd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

commodification

marchandisation
Meaning
The transformation of goods, services, ideas, or social relations into market commodities.
Example
The commodification of education has increased tuition costs.
La marchandisation de l'éducation a augmenté les frais de scolarité.
B2 noun /kroʊ/

Crow

corbeau
Meaning
a large black bird known for its intelligence and harsh call
Example
The crow cawed loudly from the tree branch.
Le corbeau croassa bruyamment depuis la branche de l'arbre.
C1 adjective ˈkɒn.təm.plə.tɪv

contemplative

réfléchi ou méditatif
Meaning
Expressing or involving prolonged thought; meditative and reflective.
Example
He spent a contemplative evening reflecting on his decisions.
Il a passé une soirée contemplative à réfléchir sur ses décisions.
A2 adverb /kəmˈpliːtli/

completely

complètement
Meaning
totally; in every way possible
Example
The room was completely silent.
La pièce était complètement silencieuse.
C1 noun /sɛˈseɪʃən/

cessation

cessation
Meaning
The fact or process of ending or being brought to an end.
Example
There was a temporary cessation of hostilities.
Il y a eu une cessation temporaire des hostilités.
A1 adjective /koʊld/

Cold

froid; glacé; distant;
Meaning
having a low temperature; lacking warmth; unfriendly
Example
The cold winter wind made everyone shiver.
Le vent froid de l'hiver a fait frissonner tout le monde.
B2 noun /ˈkaʊnsəlɪŋ/

counseling

conseil
Meaning
professional guidance or therapy to help resolve personal or psychological problems
Example
She decided to go for counseling after feeling stressed for months.
Elle a décidé de consulter après avoir ressenti du stress pendant des mois.
A2 noun/verb /ˈkɒntækt/

contact

contact
Meaning
Communication or connection with someone.
Example
You should contact your doctor if symptoms persist.
Vous devriez contacter votre médecin si les symptômes persistent.
C1 adjective, noun /ˈkɑːr.dɪ.nəl/

cardinal

cardinal / principal
Meaning
As an adjective: of prime importance; as a noun: a high-ranking Catholic clergyman or a type of bird.
Example
Honesty is a cardinal virtue in life.
L'honnêteté est une vertu cardinal dans la vie.
B2 noun /kloʊv/

Clove

clou de girofle
Meaning
aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, used as a spice
Example
She added a few cloves to the mulled wine for extra flavor.
Elle a ajouté quelques clous de girofle au vin chaud pour plus de saveur.
B2 adjective kənˈven.ʃən.əl

conventional

conventionnel
Meaning
Based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed; traditional, standard, customary.
Example
Many farmers still use conventional farming methods.
De nombreux agriculteurs utilisent encore des méthodes agricoles conventionnelles.
B2 noun /ˈklɒzɪt/

closet

armoire
Meaning
a small room or enclosed space used for storing clothes or other things
Example
She keeps her winter coats in the closet near the door.
Elle garde ses manteaux d'hiver dans l'armoire près de la porte.
C1 noun /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/

calligraphy

l'art de l'écriture décorative et élégante
Meaning
The art of beautiful and decorative handwriting.
Example
She took a course to improve her calligraphy skills.
Elle a suivi un cours pour améliorer ses compétences en calligraphie.
B2 adjective /ˈkrɒnɪk/

chronic

chronique
Meaning
Lasting for a long time or constantly recurring, often describing illness.
Example
She suffers from chronic back pain.
Elle souffre de douleurs chroniques au dos.
B1 verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/

communicate

communiquer
Meaning
to share or exchange information, ideas, or feelings
Example
They used gestures to communicate across the noisy room.
Ils ont utilisé des gestes pour communiquer à travers la pièce bruyante.
A2 noun, verb /kɔɪn/

coin

pièce de monnaie
Meaning
A flat piece of metal used as money; as a verb, to invent a new word or phrase.
Example
The government decided to coin a new term for the program.
Le gouvernement a décidé de créer un nouveau terme pour le programme.
B1 verb /klæp/

clap

applaudir
Meaning
To strike the palms of the hands together, usually to express approval or create a sharp sound.
Example
The audience began to clap loudly after the performance.
Le public a commencé à applaudir bruyamment après la performance.
C2 noun /kənˈfɛsər/

confessor

confesseur
Meaning
A person who confesses sins or secrets, especially to a priest.
Example
The confessor listened patiently to the troubled man.
Le confesseur écouta patiemment l'homme troublé.
C2 noun /ˌsɜːrkəmləˈkjuːʃn/

circumlocution

circonlocution
Meaning
the use of many words when fewer would do, especially to avoid stating something directly
Example
The politician's speech was filled with circumlocution.
Le discours du politicien était rempli de circonlocutions.
A2 adjective, noun /ˈkloʊsər/

closer

plus près, clôturant
Meaning
more near in distance or relationship; someone or something that concludes an activity
Example
She moved closer to the window.
Elle s'est approchée de la fenêtre.
C1 noun /kɑːrˈtɒɡrəfi/

cartography

cartographie
Meaning
The science or practice of drawing maps.
Example
She studied cartography at university to learn how to design maps.
Elle a étudié la cartographie à l'université pour apprendre à concevoir des cartes.
C1 noun /ˈkrɒkəri/

crockery

vaisselle
Meaning
Dishes, plates, cups, and other items made of earthenware or china.
Example
The hotel provided clean crockery for the guests.
L'hôtel a fourni de la vaisselle propre pour les invités.
B1 adjective /kəmˈbaɪnd/

combined

combiné
Meaning
formed by bringing together separate parts or elements
Example
The combined effort of the team led to success.
L'effort combiné de l'équipe a conduit au succès.
C1 verb /kənˈfaʊnd/

confound

déconcerter
Meaning
to confuse or surprise someone, often by acting against their expectations
Example
The magician's trick seemed to confound the entire audience.
Le tour du magicien semblait déconcerter tout le public.
B2 adverb /kənˈvɜːrsli/

conversely

inversement
Meaning
in an opposite or contrary manner
Example
He is rich, conversely, his brother struggles financially.
Il est riche, inversement, son frère lutte financièrement.
B2 noun /ˈkɑː.bən ˈfʊt.prɪnt/

carbon footprint

empreinte carbone
Meaning
The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person, group, etc.
Example
Reducing carbon footprint is essential for combating climate change.
Réduire l'empreinte carbone est essentiel pour lutter contre le changement climatique.
B1 noun /ˈkæləri/

calorie

calorie
Meaning
A unit of energy, often used to measure the energy content of food and drink.
Example
She checks the calorie count before eating any packaged food.
Elle vérifie le nombre de calories avant de manger des aliments emballés.
B2 noun /kəˈrʌp.ʃən/

Corruption

corruption
Meaning
dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power; the process of decay or decomposition
Example
The government launched a campaign to fight corruption in public offices.
Le gouvernement a lancé une campagne pour lutter contre la corruption dans les bureaux publics.
C1 noun /ʃəˈreɪd/

charade

farce, jeu de mimes
Meaning
an absurd pretense or act intended to deceive; also a word-guessing game
Example
The trial was nothing more than a political charade.
Le procès n'était rien d'autre qu'une farce politique.
A2 noun /ˈkʌpəl/

couple

couple
Meaning
two people or things considered together; a pair
Example
They make a lovely couple and have been married for five years.
Ils forment un couple adorable et sont mariés depuis cinq ans.
A2 adjective kɑːm

calm

calme
Meaning
Not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other strong emotions; peaceful.
Example
The calm environment supports healing.
L'environnement calme soutient la guérison.
B1 noun ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns

consequence

conséquence
Meaning
A result or effect of an action or condition.
Example
Every action has a consequence.
Chaque action a une conséquence.
B1 noun /kæˈʃɪər/

Cashier

caissier
Meaning
a person who handles payments and transactions in a store or bank
Example
The cashier scanned all the items and calculated the total bill.
Le caissier a scanné tous les articles et a calculé le total de la facture.
A2 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.fəl/

Cheerful

joyeux; optimiste; plein de joie
Meaning
happy and optimistic; full of joy and good spirits; bright and lively
Example
She has a cheerful personality that brightens everyone's day.
Elle a une personnalité joyeuse qui illumine la journée de tout le monde.
B2 noun /ˈkɒntræktər/

contractor

entrepreneur
Meaning
a person or company that agrees to provide materials or labor to perform a service or do a job
Example
The contractor completed the building project on time.
L'entrepreneur a terminé le projet de construction à temps.
B2 adjective /ˈsel.jə.lər/

Cellular

cellulaire
Meaning
relating to cells; consisting of cells; relating to mobile phone technology
Example
Cellular technology has revolutionized communication.
La technologie cellulaire a révolutionné la communication.
C2 noun /kəˈnaɪ.vəns/

connivance

connivence
Meaning
the act of secretly allowing or being involved in wrongdoing
Example
The theft happened with the connivance of the security guard.
Le vol a eu lieu avec la connivence du gardien de sécurité.
B2 verb /kriːp/

creep

ramper
Meaning
to move slowly and quietly; to make someone feel uncomfortable
Example
She crept quietly up the stairs to avoid waking anyone.
Elle monta silencieusement les escaliers pour éviter de réveiller quelqu'un.
C1 noun /ˈʃoʊ.vəˌnɪz.əm/

chauvinism

Meaning
Excessive or prejudiced support for one's own cause, group, or gender, often with contempt for others.
Example
The company's culture was criticized for promoting male chauvinism.
C1 adjective /ˈkɔː.stɪk/

caustic

caustique, acerbe
Meaning
able to burn or corrode by chemical action; severely sarcastic
Example
Her caustic remarks hurt his feelings.
Ses remarques caustiques ont blessé ses sentiments.
C2 noun /ˌkɒnsaɪˈniː/

consignee

destinataire
Meaning
the person or company to whom goods are delivered
Example
The consignee received the shipment on time.
Le destinataire a reçu l'envoi à temps.
C2 noun /ˈkæt.aɪ.ɒn ɪksˌtʃeɪndʒ/

cation-exchange

échange cationique
Meaning
A chemical process in soil that helps retain nutrients.
Example
The cation-exchange capacity of soil affects plant growth.
La capacité d'échange cationique du sol influence la croissance des plantes.
C1 adjective /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əl/

colloquial

familier
Meaning
Used in ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing; informal language.
Example
His colloquial expressions made the speech relatable.
Ses expressions familières ont rendu le discours plus accessible.
C1 verb /ˈkrɪstəlaɪz/

crystallize

cristalliser
Meaning
to form crystals; to make an idea or plan clear and definite
Example
Her vague thoughts began to crystallize into a solid plan.
Ses pensées floues ont commencé à se cristalliser en un plan solide.
A2 adjective /ˈsɜːr.tən/

Certain

certain; sûr; sans aucun doute
Meaning
confident and sure; without doubt; definitely true
Example
I am certain that we will succeed.
Je suis certain que nous réussirons.
B2 noun /kaʊtʃ/

Couch

canapé
Meaning
a long upholstered seat for more than one person, typically with a back and arms
Example
The family gathered on the couch to watch a movie.
La famille s'est réunie sur le canapé pour regarder un film.
C2 adjective /sɛnˈtrɪfjʊɡəl/

centrifugal

centrifuge
Meaning
Moving or tending to move away from a center.
Example
The centrifugal force pushes the clothes to the sides of the washing machine.
La force centrifuge pousse les vêtements vers les bords de la machine à laver.
B2 noun /kʌb/

Cub

ourson
Meaning
a young bear, lion, tiger, or other large carnivorous mammal
Example
The bear cub stayed close to its mother for protection.
L'ourson est resté près de sa mère pour se protéger.
C1 adjective /ˈtʃɪə.ləs/

Cheerless

triste; morne; sans joie
Meaning
lacking happiness or comfort; gloomy; depressing; without cheer
Example
The old house looked cheerless and abandoned in the winter rain.
La vieille maison paraissait triste et abandonnée sous la pluie hivernale.
C2 noun /ˌkɒməˈsɛəriət/

commissariat

service des approvisionnements
Meaning
A department responsible for supplying food and equipment, especially in the military.
Example
The army commissariat ensured that the soldiers had enough supplies.
Le service des approvisionnements de l'armée s'est assuré que les soldats avaient suffisamment de provisions.
C1 adjective,noun /kənˈtɪn.dʒənt/

contingent

dépendant / contingent
Meaning
dependent on something else; a group of people representing an organization
Example
Attendance is contingent on prior registration. / A contingent of students attended the conference.
La présence dépend de l'inscription préalable. / Un contingent d'étudiants a assisté à la conférence.
C2 adjective /ˈkɒndaɪn/

condign

mérité
Meaning
deserved, appropriate, and fitting (especially punishment)
Example
The criminal received condign punishment for his crimes.
Le criminel a reçu la punition méritée pour ses crimes.
A2 noun, verb /kɒf/

cough

toux
Meaning
a sudden noisy release of air from the lungs to clear the throat or airway; to expel air suddenly from the lungs with a cough
Example
He has a bad cough and stayed home today.
Il a une forte toux et est resté à la maison aujourd’hui.
B2 adjective ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri

contradictory

contradictoire
Meaning
Mutually opposed or inconsistent; containing elements that oppose each other.
Example
Their views on education are contradictory.
Leurs points de vue sur l'éducation sont contradictoires.
C2 noun, verb /ˈkaʊntərˌtʃɑːrdʒ/

countercharge

contre-accusation
Meaning
an opposing charge or accusation; to make an opposing attack
Example
The lawyer filed a countercharge against the accuser.
L'avocat a déposé une contre-accusation contre l'accusateur.
B1 noun /ˈtʃiːtər/

cheater

tricheur
Meaning
a person who cheats or acts dishonestly to gain an advantage
Example
He was caught and labeled as a cheater during the exam.
Il a été traité de tricheur pendant l'examen.
B2 verb /kənˈveɪ/

convey

transmettre, communiquer, transporter
Meaning
To communicate or make known; to transport or carry from one place to another.
Example
The teacher conveys the lesson clearly to students.
L'enseignant transmet la leçon clairement aux élèves.
B1 noun /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/

championship

championnat
Meaning
a competition to decide who is the best in a particular sport or activity.
Example
The championship will be held next month.
Le championnat aura lieu le mois prochain.
C2 noun /ˌkʌl.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

culpability

culpabilité
Meaning
responsibility for a fault or wrong; blameworthiness
Example
The jury considered his level of culpability in the crime.
Le jury a considéré son niveau de culpabilité dans le crime.
B2 verb /ˈkɒmpənseɪtɪd/

compensated

compensé
Meaning
to have been given something, typically money, as a recompense for loss, suffering, or work done
Example
The workers were compensated for their overtime hours.
Les travailleurs ont été compensés pour leurs heures supplémentaires.
C1 noun kəˈmɛns.mənt

commencement

commencement
Meaning
The beginning of something; a ceremony at which degrees or diplomas are conferred on graduating students.
Example
The commencement ceremony marked the start of a new journey.
La cérémonie de commencement a marqué le début d'un nouveau voyage.
B1 verb /kleɪm/

claim

revendiquer
Meaning
to assert ownership; to state as fact
Example
He claims to be the rightful owner.
Il prétend être le propriétaire légitime.
B2 noun /kənˈstɪtʃ.u.ənts/

constituents

constituants
Meaning
Components or elements used to create something.
Example
Proteins and vitamins are essential constituents of a healthy diet.
Les protéines et les vitamines sont des constituants essentiels d'un régime alimentaire sain.
A2 noun /ˈklæsˌruːm/

classroom

salle de classe
Meaning
A room in which classes are held in a school or college.
Example
The teacher entered the classroom and greeted the students.
L'enseignant est entré dans la salle de classe et a salué les étudiants.
C1 noun /kɔːr/

corps

branche de l'armée, groupe
Meaning
a branch of the military or a group organized for a specific purpose
Example
He joined the army corps after graduation.
Il a rejoint le corps de l'armée après sa diplomation.
C2 noun /kɒˈkeɪd/

cockade

rosette en ruban
Meaning
a rosette or knot of ribbon, usually worn on a hat as a badge of office or party
Example
The soldier wore a red cockade on his cap.
Le soldat portait une rosette en ruban rouge sur son chapeau.
C1 verb /kʌl/

cull

sélectionner / éliminer
Meaning
to select or remove from a larger group, often to reduce numbers
Example
The farmers decided to cull the sick animals from the herd.
Les fermiers ont décidé d'éliminer les animaux malades du troupeau.
B2 noun /ˈkrɪstəl/

crystal

cristal
Meaning
a clear, transparent mineral or glass that forms a solid structure with regular patterns
Example
She wore a necklace made of sparkling crystal.
Elle portait un collier fait de cristal étincelant.
B1 noun /ˈkɛmɪstri/

chemistry

chimie
Meaning
the branch of science that studies substances and their interactions; also the emotional connection between people
Example
They have great chemistry and work well together.
Ils ont une excellente chimie et travaillent bien ensemble.
C1 noun /ˈkɒt.ən ˈfæb.rɪk/

Cotton Fabric

tissu de coton
Meaning
textile made from cotton fibers, known for being soft, breathable, and comfortable
Example
Cotton fabric is perfect for summer clothing.
Le tissu de coton est parfait pour les vêtements d'été.
C2 noun /ˈkætɪtʃuː/

Catechu

catechu
Meaning
an extract from a tropical Asian plant, used in tanning and dyeing
Example
Catechu extract is commonly used in traditional medicine.
L'extrait de catechu est couramment utilisé dans la médecine traditionnelle.
C2 noun /ˈkɔːrmərənt/

cormorant

un grand oiseau marin noir qui attrape des poissons
Meaning
a large black sea bird that catches fish by diving
Example
The cormorant perched on the rock, drying its wings after a dive.
Le cormoran était perché sur la roche, séchant ses ailes après un plongeon.
C2 verb /kənˈdjuːs/

conduce

contribuer
Meaning
To help bring about a particular result; to contribute to something.
Example
Regular exercise conduces to better health.
L'exercice régulier contribue à une meilleure santé.
C1 noun /kənˈfɔːrməns/

conformance

conformité
Meaning
The act of conforming to a rule, standard, or law.
Example
The product was tested for conformance with safety standards.
Le produit a été testé pour sa conformité aux normes de sécurité.
B1 noun /ˈkɒkˌteɪl/

cocktail

cocktail
Meaning
a mixed drink typically containing alcohol and other ingredients.
Example
She ordered a cocktail at the bar.
Elle a commandé un cocktail au bar.
C1 noun /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

constellation

constellation
Meaning
a group of stars forming a recognizable pattern in the night sky
Example
Orion is one of the most famous constellations.
Orion est l'une des constellations les plus célèbres.
B2 adjective /kəmˈpætəbl/

compatible

compatible
Meaning
Able to exist or work together without conflict; harmonious.
Example
This software is compatible with both Windows and Mac systems.
Ce logiciel est compatible avec les systèmes Windows et Mac.